Questions on the operation of communications. Maintenance of communication equipment. Organizational bases of operation and maintenance of communication facilities

25. Report the types and timing of the Maintenance means of communication.

Types and terms of maintenance:

TO - a set of works carried out in order to maintain communication equipment in good / operable condition during storage, transportation and use for its intended purpose.

Ø Control inspection (KO)

Ø Daily maintenance (DTO)

Ø Seasonal maintenance (SRT)

Ø Regulated maintenance (RTO)

Control inspection. It is held before a march, classes, exercises, before overcoming a water barrier.

Ø The readiness of the components of the equipment for their intended use is checked and includes:

Ø Checking the availability and composition of the main set of products;

Ø Reliability of fastening of knots, blocks, property;

Ø Work provided for by the CO of mobility aids;

Ø Checking the serviceability and readiness of electrical installations;

Ø Checking the availability of fire extinguishing equipment and ensuring the safety of L / S.

Daily maintenance. It is carried out on equipment that has been operating continuously for more than 1 day, as well as after a march, exercises, etc.

Main works:

Ø Checking the external condition and cleaning the equipment without opening the blocks;

Ø Checking the reliability and serviceability of interlocks, grounding;

Ø Checking the reliability of fastening units, blocks, property;

Ø Checking the state of the IP of electricity, AFU, serviceability of linear and power inputs, input shields, etc.;

Ø Checking the performance and carrying out the necessary adjustments on the built-in devices in a given mode of operation;

Ø Checking the availability and serviceability of fire extinguishing and L / S protection;

Ø Cleaning of workplaces, compartments, rooms.

STO is carried out by the crews and recorded in the equipment log.

TO-1. It is carried out once a month on all equipment, regardless of the intensity of its use (In PCB).

Scope of work:

Ø Works in the scope of STO;

Ø Detailed inspection and cleaning of all blocks;

Ø Check/clean all regulators/contacts;

Ø Checking the operability of the product set in all modes using built-in control systems and standard measuring instruments;

Ø Carrying out, if necessary, electrical and mechanical adjustments;

Ø Checking lighting, heating and ventilation systems;

Ø Additional completion of single sets of spare parts and consumables.

Carried out by L/S and repair department.

The results are written to the hardware log.

TO-2. Held once a year.

Works performed:

Ø Works within TO-1;

Ø Measuring the parameters and characteristics of the equipment and bringing them to the established standards;

Ø Checking the replacement of radio elements with a limited service life;

Ø Checking the correctness of documentation.

The results are recorded in the form.

Seasonal MOT. Seasonal - before winter and after winter.

They are carried out during the preparation of equipment in the autumn - winter and spring - summer periods and, as a rule, is combined with TO - 1 or TO - 2.

The list of works is given in the operational documentation for communications, mobility and power supply.

Regulated Maintenance. It is carried out in order to ensure the operability of equipment with limited operating time over a long period of operation.

26. Report on the procedure for admitting personnel to independent work on communications equipment.

L / S is allowed to work independently on the vehicle and automated control systems:

1. Having undergone special training and internship, having practical skills in using equipment for its intended purpose, its tech. maintenance and current repairs.

2. Past honey. examination (for specialties defined by a separate list) and recognized as fit for work in the relevant specialty for health reasons.

3. Passed tests on knowledge of the rules and safety measures, having the required electrical safety group for this and received a certificate for the right to operate specific types of equipment.

Training L / S on knowledge of the structure of equipment, rules of operation and repair, safety measures when working with equipment is carried out in accordance with existing programs.

Section 3 COMMUNICATION TRAINING

Topic 1. Means of communication

Communication plays an important role in the socio-political and economic activities of society, in government, in meeting the cultural, everyday and other needs of the population. Great importance it also has in military affairs. In the army, communications are the main means of ensuring command and control of troops.

The success of modern combat depends on firm, continuous, stable, operational and covert command and control of units. For these purposes, a control system is being created in which the controls, control points and a communication system are functionally linked.

Communication and the means of communication itself play an important role in common system management, providing commanders with:

directing the activities of subordinate troops;

coordinating the mutual efforts of neighbors and units (subdivisions) of various branches of the armed forces;

transmission of alert signals;

as well as management of all types of combat, technical and logistics support.

To ensure the management of units, the following are used: wire, mobile, signal and radio communications.

Wired Communications in subunits are usually used when deployed on the spot and in defense.

To provide wired communications, a telephone exchange is being deployed at the communications center of the battalion's command and observation post. It consists of two field switches interconnected by a cable, which allow receiving and servicing up to 20 lines.

The main way to organize wired communication is direction wired communication, i.e., a method of organizing communication between two commanders (headquarters), in which communication is carried out via a wire line deployed directly between them (see Fig. 103). This method requires a large expenditure of forces and means of wired communication and high costs time to organize.

With a lack of wired communication with several departments, it can be provided via one line, i.e. - along the axis. This method of organizing communication, compared with the direction, gives a relatively large savings in forces, means and time to establish communication (see Fig. 104). However, when the center line fails, wired communications with many subordinate commanders are disrupted.

Rice. 104. Axis of wire communication

Wired communication in a defensive battle will function under conditions of intense enemy fire, movement and maneuvering of tracked combat equipment. Therefore, when organizing wired communication, it is necessary to provide and implement measures to increase its survivability. To this end, wire lines should be laid in trenches and communication passages, and in open areas - taking into account the protective properties of the terrain and buried in the ground.

Mobile facilities communications are used to transmit orders and reports in all types of combat, as well as on the march and when located on the spot, foot messengers and messengers on vehicles and military equipment are used to deliver mail, and aviation can be used. With the help of mobile means, Courier-postal communication (hereinafter - FPS) is organized (see Fig. 105, 106, 107).

Rice. 106. FPS circular route

Rice. 107. FPS axis

Signal means communications are used to transmit visual, sound and light signals for notification, control and interaction.

Visual means include identification panels, flags, pointers, searchlights for infantry fighting vehicles (APCs), tanks, smoke bombs, hand smoke grenades, smoke shells (mines). In addition, visual signals can be given with the help of objects such as a machine gun, a shovel, a headdress, and simply with a hand.

Signaling means include signal cartridges, tracer bullets and projectiles, sets of signal lights, signal lights, small and large clearance light signs, luminous pointers manufactured by the troops, painted with luminescent, phosphorescent dyes or white paint.

Sound signaling means are used to transmit the simplest signals over a long distance. The means of sound signaling can be sirens, signal whistles, pipes, blows to the sleeve, car horns and others. In intelligence, to transmit sound signals, imitation of the voices of birds and animals is used.

Signal means of communication are simple in design and handling, and ensure, regardless of the situation, the rapid transmission of signals simultaneously to a significant number of personnel or subunits. The given signals can be carried out immediately by commanders and subunits.

At the same time, they have a number of disadvantages: unmasking of signaling points;

limited range of actions in conditions of limited visibility (in heavy rain, snowfall, in fog, in the forest);

the ability to perceive signals by the enemy, which violates the secrecy of control and does not exclude the submission of false signals by the enemy.

Radio communication- a kind of electrical connection between two or more points by radiation and reception electromagnetic waves using radio stations.

Often in modern combat there are a number of tasks for managing units, which it is generally not possible to solve otherwise than with the help of radio communications:

interaction with aircraft, helicopters in the air, control of moving objects on the battlefield, boats, fire control of missile forces and artillery, air defense equipment, etc.

Compared to other types of electrical communication, radio communication has a number of advantages and allows:

in short time establish reliable communication over long distances in any combat situation;

organize the exchange of information simultaneously with a large number of correspondents, ensure the broadcasting of messages to an almost unlimited number of consumers in a short time;

to provide communication on the move and at the parking lot, through impassable terrain, water barriers and territory occupied by the enemy;

organize communication with moving objects ( aircraft, boats, cars, armored objects, etc.);

establish contact with a correspondent whose whereabouts are unknown;

multiplex radio channels with primary and secondary multiplexing equipment to obtain several communication channels over one radio link.

Radio communication is highly economical compared, for example, with wired communication, since labor costs for the construction (restoration), maintenance and operation of radio links are much less. It has a higher survivability, as it is less susceptible to fire and sabotage. The high mobility of radio communication facilities makes it possible to change the structure of the communication system in a short time depending on the situation.

At the same time, radio communication also has disadvantages:

the possibility of interception by the enemy of radio transmissions and determination by direction finding of the location of the radio station;

the possibility of creating deliberate interference with the operation of radio facilities; dependence of the communication range on the conditions for the passage of radio waves, on the terrain and the height of the antennas;

the dependence of the quality of radio communication on the level of atmospheric, mutual and other electrical interference at the reception points;

the need to strictly comply with the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility of radio equipment between themselves and other radio electronic equipment;

reducing the range of radio stations when working on the move; relatively low quality of radio communication channels compared to radio relay and wired ones;

the need for special events by radio camouflage.

Radio communication between correspondents can be bilateral, when information comes to them from each other, and unilateral in case of receipt of information only from one correspondent to another directly or through special points of re-acceptance or relaying.

By the nature of the exchange, radio communication is simplex or duplex.

At simplex Radio communications correspondents work on transmission and reception alternately. An interruption in the work of a radio operator working on a transmission is impossible.

At duplex radio communication correspondents work on transmission and reception simultaneously and independently of each other.

The basis of the communication system of units and subunits is ultra-short-wave (VHF) radio communications. shortwave (KV) radio communication, as a rule, is a backup.

There are two main ways to organize radio communications - over the radio and over the radio network. The choice of method depends on the situation, the purpose and importance of this connection, the specifics of the conduct of hostilities. Communication by radio means in a battalion (division) is organized, as a rule, via radio networks, and with subunits performing responsible tasks, via radio directions.

radio direction- a method of organizing communication between two control points (commanders, headquarters), in which each of them has a radio station operating on the radio data established for this radio direction (see Fig. 108):

Radio network- a method of organizing communication between several (three or more) control points (commanders, headquarters), in which each of them is allocated a radio station operating on the radio data established for this radio network (see Fig. 109)

In radio networks and radio directions, the radio station of the senior commander (headquarters) is the main one. Its instructions and orders are obligatory for subordinate radio stations. Without a call and permission from the master radio station (except in special cases), slave radio stations do not transmit.

In radio networks and radio directions of interaction, the main radio station is appointed by the headquarters organizing the interaction.

To establish and ensure radio communications, each radio station is issued radio data. Radio data is understood as a set of documents with the help of which the establishment of radio communications, radio traffic and radio monitoring is ensured. Radio data includes: frequencies, callsigns, frequency and callsign change times, type of communication, azimuths to correspondents, keys to radio documents, and, if necessary, radio passwords.

The mode of operation of the radio stations is determined by the headquarters that organizes communications, based on the situation and instructions from the senior headquarters.

Purpose and general arrangement of radio stations.

Tactical specifications radio stations, their equipment and general arrangement

Radio stations are intended to ensure the transmission and (or) reception of messages (signals) in the system military communications. They provide information exchange in command and control systems.

In order to carry out the transmission of signals by radio, it is necessary to have a radio transmitter at the transmission point, and a radio receiver at the reception point.

A radio transmitter in radio communication technology is understood as a set of technical devices enclosed between a source of primary electrical signals and a radio wave propagation medium, and a radio receiver is a set of technical devices enclosed between a radio wave propagation medium and a consumer of primary electrical signals.

The radio transmitting device includes a radio transmitter and a feeder-antenna system. The transmitter performs three main functions: firstly, it converts the primary electrical signal into one or another type of high-frequency signal (the type of signal depends on the choice of the modulated parameter of high-frequency oscillations and the modulation method), and secondly, it forms a frequency range with a given number of operating frequencies (with given discreteness), on which the radio signal can be transmitted, and, thirdly, informs the radio signal of the specified power due to the local energy source. The feeder-antenna system is designed to emit and receive high-frequency radio signals.

Requirements for radio stations:

1. Conducting a demon of search and non-tuning radio communications;

2.Ensuring high reliability of radio communication - high reliability:

The use of noise-immune signals;

Increasing the power of the transmitter;

The use of efficient antennas;

Low level of spurious emissions and side reception channels;

Rational built them frequency synthesizer;

Ease of management, accessibility, reduction of controls;

3. Work in various physical and geographical conditions;

4. Possibility of installation on mobile objects;

5. Small loss of time for tuning radio frequencies and time for tuning to pre-prepared frequencies (ZCH);

6.Small dimensions and weight;

7. High operational reliability, i.e. time between failures.

If the radio station meets these requirements, then the radio station provides high combat readiness, mobility and stability of radio communications.

To the main technical characteristics of radio stations small

HF and VHF bands include:

Frequency range;

transmitter power;

Receiver sensitivity and antenna devices;

Types of signals;

Stabilization and accuracy of setting the operating frequency;

The time of tuning the radio station and tuning to pre-prepared frequencies.

To provide radio communications in a mechanized battalion and its subunits, portable radio equipment is used, as well as stations installed in armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, tanks and vehicles.

Radio stations are designed to provide telephone communication with the senior commander (headquarters), with subordinate, attached and interacting units, both on the spot and on the move.

All radio stations of this control link work with each other, as they have common sections of the operating range and provide entry into communication without searching and maintaining it without adjustment. The operating range is in the range from 20 to 52 MHz. To ensure prompt entry into communication in some radio stations, it is possible to install pre-prepared frequencies at any point in the range.

The set of radio stations includes: a transceiver, batteries (working and spare sets), antenna devices, a microtelephone or laryngophone headset, auxiliary and spare equipment, documentation.

In stations that are mounted on cars or armored base, instead of batteries, there are power supplies, as well as control panels, intercoms.

Stations can operate in a radio network, in a radio direction, some stations provide a radio relay mode; as well as mode remote control from a remote telephone set via cable at a distance of up to 500 m.

In practice, radio stations remain fully operational in the temperature range environment from -50 to +50 0 С, at high humidity 95 ±2% and temperature 35 0 С, with vibration up to 80 Hz.

Radio station P-159 provides telephone and telegraph work in radio networks and radio directions. It can be part of the radio units of mobile command and control posts, command and command and staff vehicles using cars and armored vehicles as a transport base (see Fig. 111).

R-159 wide-range, backpack, portable, ultra-shortwave, transceiver, simplex, telephone and telegraph radio station with frequency modulation, with narrow-band telegraphy, with a tone call, and also with the possibility of remote control in telephone mode - is intended for communication in radio networks with the same type of radio stations .

Setting the frequency of the radio station using the switches and automatically tuning the transmitter to the antenna provide entry into communication within 20-30 seconds. Entry into radio communication is carried out without searching, and communication is carried out without tuning, at any frequency in the range, with the exception of the affected frequencies.

The radio station remains operational:

in the temperature range from +40 to -50°C; at high humidity 95 ± 2% and temperature 35 0 С; with vibration up to 80 Hz.

The radio station is impervious to rain and allows air transportation and air landing by parachute in a special container of the GK-30 type.

The radio station is operable in conditions of shaking on the move of a car on different roads, moving at a speed of up to 60 km / h, when carried by a radio operator, and also withstands all types of transportation without damage.

The R-159 radio station is intended for communication in the parking lot and when carried by a radio operator, and the R-159 with ULF (low frequency amplifier) ​​is for communicating from the cockpit on the go and parking UAZ-4b9, GAZ-66, ZIL-l31 and others

The radio station has a frequency range from 30 to 75.999 MHz, allows you to set the frequency through 1 KHz using the MHz and KHz switches.

The radio station provides reception and transmission of frequency-modulated signals in the following modes:

Telf - telephone;

Phone PSH - telephone with the included noise suppressor;

Tlg - telegraph (with a telegraph key connected to the LINE terminals);

DU - remote control from a telephone connected to the LINE terminals via a two-wire field cable up to 500 m long.

The following types of antennas are used:

Whip antenna (Kulikov antenna) 1.5 m high (for operation on the go);

Whip combined antenna height 2.7 m (for work in the parking lot or on the go);

Traveling wave antenna 40 m long with a three-beam counterweight (aimed at the correspondent for work on the spot);

On-board combined antenna (whip) with a height of 2.7 m (for working on equipment while moving and on the spot).

The radio station provides reliable two-way radio communication with the same type of radio station on the terrain of medium ruggedness and woodland, at any time of the day and year, at any frequency in the range free from interference, with a battery voltage of 12V ± 10% at the following distances:

a) when the transceiver is operating on a whip antenna 1.5 m high while the radio operator is moving and parked from the ground with a three-beam counterweight 1.3 m long:

Telf - up to 12 km;

Tlg from the ground - up to 18 km;

In the frequency range 50 - 75.999 MHz in the modes:

Phone - up to 10 km,

Tlg from the ground - up to 15 km;

b) when the transceiver is operating on a 2.7 m whip antenna (1.5 m whip antenna plus 6 sections of 0.2 m each) with a three-beam counterweight 1.3 m long from the ground:

In the frequency range 30-49.999 MHz in the modes:

Telf - up to 18 km; Tlg - up to 25 km;

Phone - up to 12km; Tlg - up to 20 km;

c) when the transceiver is operating on a beam antenna 40 m long, raised to a height of 1 m above the ground and directed at the correspondent:

In the frequency range 30-49.999 MHz in the modes:

Telf - up to 35 km; Tlg - up to 50 km;

In the frequency range 50-75.999 MHz in the modes:

Phone - up to 30 km; Tlg - up to 40 km;

d) when the radio station is operating on a whip antenna 2.7 m high from a remote point through a TA-57 telephone connected to the radio station with a field cable up to 500 m long:

In the frequency range 30-49.999 MHz in the mode:

Phone - up to 18 km,

In the frequency range 50-75.999 MHz in the mode:

Telf - up to 12 km;

e) when the R-159 transceiver is operating from ULF to a whip antenna 1.5 m high while a car has a shielded electrical equipment system and moves along any road at a speed of up to 60 km / h:

In the frequency range 30-49.999 MHz - up to 10 km;

In the frequency range 50-75.999 MHz - up to 8 km.

Communication at the specified distances is provided at frequencies free from internal and external interference.

The speed of telegraph work is at least 10 groups. The error of setting the frequency of the radio station in normal conditions- no more than ± 1 kHz.

Mass of the working set, no more than:

radio stations R-159 - 14.5 kg; radio stations R-159 with ULF - 19 kg.

Delivery set weight, no more than:

radio stations R-159 - 50.0 kg; radio stations R-159 with ULF - 55 kg. Dimensions of the radio station with protruding parts, not more than, mm:

for the R-159 radio station - 305x180x410;

for the R-159 radio station with ULF - 365x230x430. Packing box dimensions, not more than, mm: for R-159 radio station - 610x510x380;

for the R-159 radio station with ULF - 610x510x380. The composition of the radio station R-159.

The delivery set of the R-159 radio station includes: a working set of the radio station, auxiliary equipment, a single set of spare equipment. The delivery set of the R-159 radio station is placed in the packing box (8) (see Fig. 110).

The working set of the radio station consists of a transceiver (1) with a power supply kit and a shock absorber, a microtelephone headset (2), a telegraph key (3), a whip antenna (4), a counterweight (5), shoulder straps (6).

Upon delivery, the microtelephone headset, telegraph key, whip antenna and counterweight are placed in the radio operator's bag.

The radio operator's bag contains: a flexible antenna, a portable lamp, small and large screwdrivers, whip antenna sections, PVC tape 15x0.2.

In a canvas cover are placed: an antenna on a frame with a corner, top and bottom stacks.

A single spare parts kit consists of a whip antenna; headset microtelephone; antennas on the frame (13); counterweight; whip antenna sections (14); batteries 10NKBN-3.5 (15) or 10NKP-8 (16), package (17) with bushings, caps, incandescent lamp; spare parts kit for batteries 10NKBN-3.5 or 10NKP-8.

Rice. 110. Delivery set P-159

Ancillary property consists of a radio operator's bag, an onboard antenna bracket (11), a canvas cover (12), a frame with ties (10). The delivery set is listed in the form for the radio station.

General device P-159

The radio station consists of a transceiver with a battery compartment and batteries, shoulder straps, a whip antenna, a microphone headset, a counterweight and a telegraph key, spare and auxiliary equipment and documentation.

Transceiver designed to transmit and receive frequency-modulated VHF signals. It consists of a transmitter, receiver, synthesizer, voltage converter, automatic antenna matching device and transceiver switching.

The receiver and transmitter are designed separately. The common nodes and blocks that work both for reception and transmission are: an automatic antenna matching device, a synthesizer, a voltage converter and a transceiver switching. General form radio station is shown in (see Fig. 111)

The R-159 radio station with ULF differs from the R-159 radio station in the presence of a low-frequency amplifier and a power supply system. Power must be supplied from the vehicle's batteries through a filter-limiter.

Battery compartment housing designed to install batteries and connect them to the transceiver body.

Antenna designed to emit and receive high-frequency radio signals.

Rice. 111. General view of the radio station R-159

1 - transceiver; 2 - telegraph key; 3 - whip antenna; 4 microammeter; 5 - CALL and DIRECTION button; 6 - frequency switch knob of tens of MHz; 7 - knob for switching the frequency of units of MHz; 8 - knob for switching the frequency of hundreds of KHz; 9 - frequency switch knob of tens of kHz; 10 - knob for switching the frequency of units of kHz; 11 - SET button; 12 micro toggle ON; 13 - mode switch; 14 - terminal LINE; 15 terminal 1; 16 - battery compartment; 17 - microphone headset; 18 transceiver switching panel; 19 - shock absorber.

Microtelephone headset is designed to convert acoustic sound vibrations into electrical sound vibrations and vice versa and transfer the transceiver from reception to transmission and vice versa.

Counterweight is designed to create a more stable connection when the radio station is operating from the ground at extreme distances.

By using telegraph key transmission of telegraph signals is provided.

The design of the radio station P-159

The design feature is the vertical mounting of elements electrical circuit, allowing you to get a large fill factor of printed circuit boards, the smallest dimensions and solidity of the design of the radio station.

The radio station as a whole is a mechanical and electrical articulation of technologically independent blocks and assemblies interconnected by connectors and connecting wires, which makes it possible to carry out a minimum of adjustment operations after the mechanical and electrical connection of the nodes and blocks.

The body of the portable radio station consists of two parts, the upper one for the transceiver and the lower one for the batteries. A quick-detachable shock absorber is fixed in the upper part of the case to protect the back of the radio operator while carrying the radio station. The upper and lower parts of the case are connected with special screws.

Pre-adjusted and tested components and blocks are mechanically and electrically connected to the front panel using interconnects and screws.

The transceiver switching panel is structurally and schematically the link between the nodes and blocks of the radio station. Inside the panel there is a switching circuit of the transceiver. The panel is made by injection molding of aluminum alloy. It contains:

Microammeter for indication of the passing power in the voltage antenna of the primary source;

Mode switch Tlf, Tlf PSh, Tlg and remote control;

VOLT., and CALL button for checking battery voltage

batteries and the inclusion of a call signal with a frequency of 1 kHz; - frequency switch knob of tens of MHz;

MHz frequency switch knob;

Hundred kHz frequency switch knob;

Frequency switch knob tens of kHz;

KHz frequency switch knob;

LINE terminals, sockets for connecting a lamp of a portable or telegraph key, or a two-wire cable;

SET button to turn on the automatic matching antenna device;

Antenna jack for connecting an antenna;

Micro toggle ON. to turn on the radio.

The radio station can be controlled directly from the transceiver or remotely from a remote telephone set via the P-274M cable.

Radio station P-I07- designed to provide telephone communications in the tactical control level, wide-range, knapsack, portable, ultra-shortwave, telephone with frequency modulation, transceiver, simplex, with the possibility of remote control and amplitude telegraphy, is intended for searchless and non-tuning radio communications (see Fig. 113).

The radio station provides the ability to set the frequency range using a digital electronic frequency meter and automatic adjustment of the ACS. (SAU - matching antenna device).

The radio station provides entry into radio communication without searching and communication without adjustment at any frequency of the range when the ambient temperature difference between the corresponding radio stations is not more than 10 0 C, more than 10 0 C, it is necessary to set or control the frequency using an electronic counting frequency meter before entering into communication.

The radio station remains operational in any climatic conditions at temperatures from -40 to +50 0 С; at high air humidity up to 98% and temperature not higher than 35 0 С.

The radio is rainproof and can withstand immersion in water up to 0.5 m deep for 1 hour.

The radio station is operable in conditions of shaking on the move of a car on different roads, moving at a speed of up to 50 km / h, when carried by a radio operator, and also withstands all types of transportation without damage.

The frequency range is from 20 to 52 MHz, divided into two subranges: the first is 20-36 MHz, the second is 36-52 MHz.

In total, there are 1281 operating frequencies with their arrangement over a range of 25 kHz. It is possible to install four ZCH.

Electrical characteristics:

Transmitter power in the antenna - not less than 1 W;

The sensitivity of the receiver is not worse than 1.5 MKV.

In the range of 20-52 MHz, the radio station allows you to set the frequency using the frequency setting mechanism (MUCH) through 1 MHz on the scale, and within the megahertz - using an electronic counting device on the scoreboard after 1 kHz.

The radio station has the following types of work:

Radio, receive, transmit MM (low power), transmit MB (high power);

Remote control D. UPR., reception, transmission;

Service communication via a wired SL line. ST. (service communication);

Amplitude telegraphy of reception AT (amplitude telegraphy) etc. (reception);

Amplitude telegraphy transmission AT TX (transmission), MM, AT TX MB.

The radio station provides the following modes:

Reception mode of frequency-modulated telephony signals;

Mode of transmission of frequency-modulated telephony signals with low or high power;

Reception mode of amplitude telegraphy signals;

Signal transmission mode of amplitude telegraphy.

Antennas:

Whip antenna 1.5 m high (for operation on the go), provides a communication range of up to 6 km;

Whip combined antenna 2.7 m high (for work in the parking lot or on the go), provides a communication range of 8-10 km. There is a counterweight of three beams to the antenna;

"Traveling wave" antenna 40 m long with a three-beam counterweight with a suspension height of 1 m above the ground provides communication over a distance of up to 15 km;

The "traveling wave" antenna, 40 m long, but with a suspension height of 5-6 m at the radio station and a gradual decrease in the direction of the correspondent, provides communication over a distance of up to 25 km (x-shaped antenna);

On-board combined antenna (whip) with a height of 2.7 m provides communication at a distance of up to 6-8 km.

The radio station provides reliable two-way radio communication with the same type of radio station at a battery voltage of 6.67.8 V in medium-rough and wooded areas, at any time of the day and year, at any frequency in the range free from interference, at distances of at least:

a) when working on a whip antenna 1.5 m high on the move of a radio operator or when working from the ground on a whip antenna 1.5 m high with a three-beam counterweight 1.3 m long, in the modes:

AT Low power - 15 km;

AT Large power - 20 km;

b) when working from the ground to a combined antenna with a height of 2.7 m

using a three-beam counterweight 2.15 m long, in the following modes:

AT Low power - 20 km;

AT Large power - 35 km;

c) when working on a beam antenna 40 m long, raised to a height of 1 m above the ground and directed at the correspondent, in the following modes:

Radio power is low - 15 km;

Radio power is large - 25 km;

At. Low power - 30 km;

At. Large power - 40 km;

d) when working on a beam antenna 40 m long, raised at the radio station to a height of 5-6 m above the ground and directed with a gradually decreasing end to the correspondent, in the following modes:

Radio power is large -35 km;

Radio power is low - 30 km;

Radio power is large - 50 km;

e) when working from a remote point through a telephone set of the TA-57 type, connected to the radio station with a two-wire field cable up to 500 m long, to a combined antenna 2.7 m high using a three-beam counterweight 2.15 m, in the following modes:

Radio power is low - 12 km;

Radio power is large - 18 km;

f) when working from a remote point through a telephone set of the TA-57m type, connected to the radio station with a two-wire field cable up to 500 m long, to a beam antenna raised at the radio station to a height of 5-6 m above the ground and directed with a gradually decreasing end to the correspondent, in modes:

Radio power is low - 25 km;

Radio power is large - 35 km;

g) when running a car with a shielded electrical system and moving at a speed of up to 50 km / h on any road, using an antenna 1.5 m high, in the following modes:

Radio power is low - 8 km;

Radio power is large - 12 km;

h) when working on a combined antenna 2.7 m high with a three-beam counterweight 2.15 m long, raised 2 m from the ground through a high-frequency cable PK-75-4-16 10 m long, in the mode:

Radio power is large - 10 km.

The speed of telegraph work at the radio station is 10-12 groups per minute. The radio station provides communication over reduced distances when the battery voltage drops to 6 V.

Radio deployment time:

When working on a whip antenna - no more than 3 minutes;

When working on a beam antenna - no more than 10 minutes.

The site required for the deployment of the radio station is:

When working on a whip antenna - 2 m 2;

When working on a beam antenna - about 600 m 2 (taking into account the area,

required to select the direction of the antenna).

The weight of the transceiver with batteries, headset, 1.5 m antenna, portable belt and telegraph key - no more than 18.5 kg. The weight of the radio set is no more than 56 kg.

Radio station size:

a) without protruding parts, no more than, mm: length - 340; height - 395; width - 210

b) with protruding parts and an installed telegraph key, no more than, mm: length - 345, height - 440, width - 270. Dimensions of the packing box, no more than, mm: length - 610, height - 510, width - 380 The composition of the radio station R-I07.(see fig. 112)

The set of the R-107 radio station is placed in the stowage box (3). The delivery set of the radio station includes: a working set of the radio station; auxiliary property; a single spare set.

The working set of the radio station consists of a transceiver (1), three batteries type 2NKP-24 (2NKP-24M) (13), whip antenna (14), shoulder straps (7), carrying strap (8), counterweights (11), (17), handsets for a microtelephone (18) and a radio operator's bag (16).

The radio operator's bag stores and transports:

whip antenna (14), telegraph key (2), counterweights (11), (17), six sections of whip antenna (9), portable lamp, insulating tape, small and large screwdrivers, microtelephone headset (12).

Rice. 112. Set R-107

3 - stowage box; 1- transceiver; 13 - rechargeable batteries; 14 pin antenna; 7 - shoulder straps; 8 - carrying strap; 11, 17 - counterweights; 18 - handset microtelephone; 16 - radio operator's bag; 2 - telegraph key; 9 - six sections of the whip antenna; 12 - headset microtelephone; 15 pallet for fixing the radio station; 16 - feeder RK-75-4-16 with tips 10 m long (10); 4 - onboard antenna bracket; 5 - canvas cover with stretching, with a corner, an upper stand, a lower stand and an antenna on the frame (6)

Auxiliary equipment is located in the stowage box and contains:

Pallet (15) for fixing the radio station, technical description and operating instructions, form for the radio station, technical description and operating instructions for alkaline batteries, forms for batteries, feeder PK-75-4-16 with tips 10 m long (10), on-board antenna bracket (4), two sets of spare parts for batteries, a canvas cover (5) with an extension, with a corner, an upper stand, a lower stand and an antenna on the frame (6).

A single set of spare equipment is placed in a stowage box and contains six 2NKP-24 (2NKP24M) batteries, a whip antenna, an antenna on a frame, fourteen sections of a whip antenna, a cap, contacts, rings, gaskets, nuts, light bulbs, jumpers, keys and box with light bulbs.

General device R-107

The transceiver (receiver and transmitter) is made separately according to the design and circuit solutions (see Fig. 113). common blocks, performing joint work, both for reception and transmission, are: a matching antenna device, a local oscillator, and in the AT PR mode - the UFC of the transmitter.

Rice. 113. General view of the radio station:

1 - transceiver; 2 - telegraph key; 3 - whip antenna; 4 - frequency setting knob after 1 MHz; 5 - switch handle of the type of work; 6 - button for checking battery voltage; 7 - frequency setting knob, through 1KHz; 8 - counterweight; 9 - scoreboard; 10 - button for checking and setting the frequency; 11 - tuning knob in AT; 12 - microtelephone headset; 13 - battery cover; 14 - SET button ANTENNAS; 15 - CALL button; 16 - switch POWER HIGH; OFF, POWER LOW; 17 - indicator device

Setting the frequency of the transceiver is carried out by two controls:

Mechanism for setting the frequency on a scale of 1 MHz;

The mechanism of smooth frequency setting within the megahertz through 1 KHz with a reading on the scoreboard.

The radio station consists of the following blocks:

receiver;

transmitter;

Combined stabilizer;

heterodyne;

Antenna matching device;

front panel;

Electron counting frequency meter;

Corps.

Main structural elements radio stations are independent units. Each block is a technically complete product, including its adjustment, technical control, tests.

The radio station panel is structurally and schematically the connecting link between the radio station blocks.

The following controls are displayed on the front panel:

Two chips - connection of a microtelephone headset and handset Ш7, Ш8;

indicator device;

Tuning knob AT SET-R27;

Type of work switch B;

Button Kn1 7.2 V indicator device;

Button for turning on the electronic counting frequency meter and backlight

MHz scale, Kp2;

Sockets for connecting telegraph key Gp1, Gn2;

MHz frequency viewing lens;

Board of electronic counting frequency meter;

Variable frequency setting knob SET. CHC;

Stop knob for smooth frequency setting;

Coarse frequency setting knob SET. MHz;

Antenna socket;

Housing terminal.

The front panel of the radio station provides inter-unit mounting, switching power circuits and signal flow depending on the operating mode.

The front panel includes the following elements:

Low frequency amplifier;

Microphone amplifier;

Tone generator;

DC voltage limiter;

Switching elements.

Radio R-147(157) is designed to provide non-search and non-tuning telephone communication in a platoon and company.

The main characteristics of communication facilities - radio stations R-147 (R-157): frequency range from 44 to 52 (53.9) MHz;

type of radio station: portable, VHF, simplex, telephone; number of fixed frequencies in the range of 44.0 - 53.9 MHz 100 (4); transmitter output power in antenna equivalent, mW 150; two-way communication range, not less than, km: in the "standing" position - 1, in the "sitting" position - 0.75, in the "lying" position - 0.5.

It consists of a transceiver, a microphone headset, a power source (battery 10TsNK-0.45-12.6V (reserve - 9 elements A316 KVANT)), an antenna with an extension and a strap for attaching to a headgear, a device for fixing the station on the chest of a soldier, a bag ( cover) for carrying the station with a belt, spare, auxiliary equipment and documentation.

The station is placed as follows: the transceiver is in a bag on the soldier's chest, the headset is on the right ear, the manipulator is on the chest. The antenna is attached with a clothespin to the phone bracket, the edge of a helmet or headgear; local objects (bush, branch, tree, etc.) can also be used.

A single set of spare parts and accessories (for four sets of radio stations) - 8 batteries 10TsNK, a charger, a set of antennas (whip and shoulder).

The functional diagram of the radio station is:

receiver, transmitter, frequency synthesizer, headset, antenna, battery.

Tuning the receiver through 100 kHz is carried out by changing the frequency of the first local oscillator of the receiver, the role of which is performed by the GPA (smooth range generator) of the synthesizer.

Radio R-148 is a portable transceiver telephone radio station with frequency modulation. It operates in the ultra-shortwave range and is intended for searchless and tuningless telephone communications in the radio network of a motorized rifle company.

The frequency range is from 37 to 52 MHz, in this range it has 299 operating frequencies, an equal number of frequencies through 25 KHz. It consists of a transceiver, a microphone headset, a manipulator, a power source, a whip antenna with a counterweight and a cover, a device for fixing the station on the back of a soldier, a bag for carrying the station, spare, auxiliary equipment and documentation.

The station is fastened with straps on the back of a soldier, the microphone headset is placed on right side head, manipulator - on the chest.

Communication is carried out on an external whip antenna, which should have an inclination in the direction opposite to the correspondent. The mass of the radio station is 3 kg, the communication range with the Kulikov antenna is up to 6 km.

Radio R-12ZM designed for radio communication between moving objects. moving points controls are equipped on special vehicles, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles and tanks, on which various means of communication are deployed and mounted. They must have high mobility in deployment and communication, maximum range, multi-channel, transportability, high durability throughput, the possibility of using any means of communication both in combination with another and independently, the stability of electrical parameters, the minimum possible weight and dimensions, to ensure ease of maintenance and repair (see Fig. 114).

The R-123M radio station provides round-the-clock reliable two-way radio communication in the parking lot and on the move of the object, both with the same type of radio station, and with other radio stations that have range compatibility and frequency modulation.

Rice. 114. General view and controls of the radio station R-123

1 - connector "P-124"~ for connecting a cable from an intercom

R-124 or chest switch;

2 - connector "POWER" for connecting the cable from the power supply; 3 - plug of the hole for access to the "CALIBRATION" trimmer;

4 - toggle switch for turning on the power of the radio station "POWER ON-OFF." 5 - toggle switch for turning on the light bulb for lighting the scale "SCALE ON -

OFF.";

6 - button "CALL TONE"

7 - switch "VOLTAGE CONTROL" pointer device 22;

In the "RECEPTION 1.2 V; 6.3 V: 150 V" positions, the receiver supply voltages are controlled. In the "TRANSMISSION 1.2 V; 150 V; 250 V; 600 V" positions, the transmitter supply voltages are controlled. In the positions "OPERATION 1 (2)" the current of the antenna circuit is controlled.

The voltage of the on-board network is controlled in the "BS" position. When the switch is set to the "OFF" position, the pointer is disabled;

8 - plug hole for adjusting the deviation value "REG. DEVIATS."; 9 - noise control knob - "NOISES". When turned clockwise, NOISES are suppressed;

10 - knob "SETTING THE FREQUENCY";

11 - switch for the type of work "SIMPLEX-D. RECEPTION";

12 - hole plug for access to the adjusting screw of the mechanical frequency corrector - "CORRECTOR", which is designed to adjust the position of the movable sight;

13 - scale window. Two rows of numbers are visible in the window: the upper row refers to the first sub-range, the lower row - to the second sub-range.

To set the frequency, there are two sights: a short one - the sight of the center of the scale, a long one - a movable sight.

During factory production, as well as when repairing a radio station in a radio workshop, the movable sight is combined with the sight of the center of the scale;

14 - plug hole for access to the screws for adjusting the optical

systems;

15 - a plug that closes the hole to the cartridge of the scale illumination bulb;

16 - indicator type MN-3 (neon bulb) for tuning the antenna circuit;

17 - key for fixing the frequency setting disks;

18 - handle "ANTENNA TUNING";

19 - lock of the handle "ANTENNA SETUP";

20 - four lamps of the light panel of fixed frequencies, each lamp corresponds to its own fixed frequency;

21 - four toggle switches for switching subbands of fixed frequencies, each toggle switch corresponds to its own fixed frequency. The upper position of the toggle switch corresponds to the I subrange, the lower position corresponds to the II subrange;

22 - pointer device - indicator of antenna circuit tuning and control of supply voltages;

23 - connector for connecting a high-frequency cable;

24 - terminal "EARTH" for connecting the radio station with the mass of the object;

25 - two bulbs of the light panel of subranges; when the radio station is turned on for 1 sub-band, the "G" light comes on, when the radio is turned on for the P sub-band, the "P" light comes on;

26 - volume control knob - "VOLUME".

When the knob is rotated clockwise, the volume increases, when rotated counterclockwise, it decreases to a certain small level in the extreme position;

27 - switch "FIXED. FREQUENCY-SMOOTH SUB-RANGE". The choice of a fixed frequency is made by setting the switch to one of the positions "FIXED FREQUENCIES 1,2. 3 or 4". When the switch is set to the "SMOOTH SUB-BAND 1 (P)" position, the frequency setting mechanism will be unlocked;

28 - hatch cover of the drum. When the hatch cover is open, there is access to four latches 29;

29 - four latches of the frequency setting disks, with which, using the key 17, the frequencies set by the switch 27 are fixed. The first fixed frequency corresponds to the latch "1", the second "2", etc.

In addition, on the transceiver casing on the left side there is a plug that closes access to the control point of the output voltage of the narrow-band AFC discriminator, and on the front panel below the drum hatch there is a plate for recording communication frequencies (not shown in Fig. 114)

The R-123M radio set is pre-tuned to any given four COMMUNICATION frequencies. Setting any of the fixed frequencies is done with one manipulation of the operator using automation.

At any pre-prepared frequency, the radio station provides searchless entry into communication and non-tuning communication.

Radio station R-123M transceiver, telephone, ultra-shortwave with frequency modulation, made according to the transceiver scheme, provides the following modes of operation:

duty reception;

simplex radiotelephone communication.

The radio station works on a four-meter whip antenna. Communication can be carried out at a reduced height of the antenna, as well as to an emergency antenna (wire in insulation with a cross section of at least 0.5 mm 2 3 meters long), but at shorter communication ranges.

Through an additional block of antenna filters (BAF-M), with an appropriate choice of frequencies, simultaneous operation of two R-123M radio stations on one antenna is ensured.

The radio station is designed to work with a laryngo-telephone headset with electromagnetic laryngophones of the LEM-3 type and low-resistance telephones TA-56M.

The radio station provides work both through intercom R-124, and without it.

Technical data of the R-123M radio station

The operating frequency range of the radio station from 20 to 51.5 MHz is divided into two sub-bands: - from 20 to 35.75 MHz and from 35.75 to 51.5 MHz.

The radio station has 1,261 operating frequencies, the interval between frequencies is 25 KHz. Tuning from one frequency to another is performed smoothly along the optical scale.

The transmitter power at any frequency range is not less than 20 W, which corresponds to a voltage of 39 V at the antenna equivalent resistance of 75 ohms.

The communication range when working on a 4-meter antenna in medium-rough terrain at a speed of movement of caterpillar objects up to 40 km/h, and wheeled objects up to 100 km/h - at least 20 km with the noise suppressor off and at least 13 km with the noise suppressor on.

Approximate communication ranges between two radio stations, depending on the height of their antennas, are given in Table. twenty.

Table 20

The communication range during the operation of the R-123M radio station with a radio station of another type is determined by the communication range of a less powerful radio station.

The radio station remains operational in the temperature range from -50 to +50 0 s. In this case, the approximate communication range depending on the ambient temperature and on the warm-up time of the radio station is given in Table. 21.

Table 21

R-12ZM radio set

ATThe radio set includes the following components:

transceiver with shock-absorbing frame in a case;

power supply unit with shock-absorbing frame in a case;

antenna pins in a case (working and spare sets);

high-frequency cable;

power cable;

mounting kit of the antenna device;

connector for intercom R-124;

box with spare property;

operational documentation.

AT special occasions additionally supplied:

antenna filter unit (BAF-M) for joint operation of two R-123M radio stations on one antenna with a high-frequency cable;

equivalent antenna EA-123;

adapter to 11-meter antenna;

chest switch.

The power supply is connected to the transceiver with a shielded cable with connectors.

The antenna is connected to the transceiver with a high-frequency cable with a wave impedance of 75 ohms.

The design of the R-123M radio station.

Structurally, the radio station is made in the form of three main parts (see Fig. 115):

transceiver;

power supply unit (PSU);

antenna device.

The power supply is connected to the transceiver with a shielded cable with connectors. The antenna is connected to the transceiver with a high-frequency cable with a wave impedance of 75 ohms.

The design of the radio station has the following main features: the transceiver and power supply are dust and splash proof;

to protect against mechanical impacts, the transceiver and power supply have shock-absorbing frames;

electrical installation of the main blocks is made on printed circuit boards made of fiberglass and ceramics;

the transceiver is made on subminiature vacuum tubes and semiconductor diodes;

the power supply unit is made on semiconductor devices: the transceiver has a microphoto scale and an optical device for magnifying the image of the scale and projecting this image onto a matte screen;

to reduce the impact of high humidity on the parameters of the radio station, sealing of components and parts on which these parameters depend is applied.

Power supplies and their connection, preparation of the radio station for operation and performance check

The power sources of radio stations are batteries. A battery is a chemical current source consisting of positive and negative electrodes and an electrolyte, the operation of which is based on the use of reversible electrochemical systems. Batteries convert electrical energy first. external source into chemical energy (during charging), and then converting the accumulated chemical energy into electrical energy (during discharge). The main electrical characteristics of a battery are electromotive force (EMF), voltage, internal resistance, and capacitance.

According to the composition of the electrolyte, batteries are divided into two groups: alkaline and acid.

Batteries are used: nickel-cadmium and silver-zinc - to power portable radio stations; high-capacity nickel-cadmium - for powering the on-board network of command and staff vehicles; lead - mainly as starters for starting car engines and power supply units.

The group of alkaline batteries includes nickel-cadmium (NC), nickel-iron (NZh), nickel-zinc (NC), silver-zinc (SC) and silver-cadmium (SC), and lead batteries belong to the acid group.

P-159 Radio Power Kit consists of two rechargeable batteries 10NKBN-3.5 or one battery 10NKGT-8 with a voltage of 12 V and ensures continuous operation of the radio station with a ratio of reception time to transmission time of 5: 1 for 9 hours. The use of batteries 10NKGT-8 is possible only with cases IP6.112.139 (height 136 mm), and 10NKBN-3.5 - with cases IP6.112.130 (height 107 mm).

In the conventional designation of batteries, numbers and letters indicate:

10 - the number of batteries in the battery;

NK - electrochemical system: nickel-cadmium;

B - lamellaless, high capacity. In accumulators of the NK lamellaless type (NKB), the plates consist of a ceramic-metal base with an active mass deposited on it. Due a large number plateless batteries have an electric capacity of 2 - 2.3 times more than lamellar batteries of the same size.

G - sealed, do not have any holes, assembled into batteries in a plastic case with two common current outputs: "+" and "-"; 3.5;

8 - rated capacity in ampere-hours;

T - terminals at the end of the battery;

The current consumed by the radio station from batteries:

at the reception - no more than 0.36 A;

in transmission - no more than 3.5 A.

A radio station with a low-frequency amplifier (ULF) is installed in the cab of a UAZ-469, GAZ-66, ZIL-V1, etc. car and is powered by their batteries, with a voltage of 12V plus 20, minus 10% through a filter limiter located in the ULF.

The current consumed by the radio station with ULF from the batteries of the car:

at the reception - no more than 1.2 A;

in transmission - no more than 4.5 A.

Radio stations provide operation for transmission under normal conditions around the clock, and at a temperature of 50 0 C - 1 hour.

Rules and procedure for installing batteries of the R-159 radio station

Before installing the batteries in the battery compartment, the radio must be turned off (the micro-toggle switch must be in the opposite direction of the ON sign).

When replacing the rechargeable batteries, unscrew the screws on the body of the battery compartment to failure, separate the body from the transmitter, remove the discharged batteries, check the serviceability and cleanliness of the contacts on the body of the transceiver and batteries, install the charged batteries in the body (the protrusions on the battery must fit into the grooves of the body) and attach bay housing to transceiver housing.

R-107 radio power supply set consists of three batteries connected in series 2NKP-24 (2NKP-24M, NKP-20U2) and ensures continuous operation of the radio station with a ratio of reception time to transmission time:

In radio mode, the power is small 5:1 for 24 hours;

In radio mode, the power is large 5:1 for 15 hours.

Alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries 2PKP-24M, 2NKP-20U2 and battery NKP-20U2 are designed to power communication equipment.

In the symbol of the accumulator and battery, the numbers and letters mean:

2 - before the letters - the number of series-connected batteries;

NK - electrochemical battery system - (nickel-cadmium);

P - design of plates (pressed);

24 or 20 - rated capacity in ampere-hours;

M - modernized;

U - climatic version;

In addition, it is provided to connect an external power supply with a voltage of 7.6-8.8 V to the CASING-POWER SUPPLY terminals.

Rules and procedure for installing batteries of the R-107 radio station

Before installing the batteries in the battery compartment of the radio, set the POWER toggle switch to the OFF position.

Open the battery compartment cover, check the serviceability and cleanliness of the battery connection block, prepare the batteries for operation, install them in the battery compartment, close the compartment cover and tighten the screws.

Power supply of the R-123 radio station, depending on the configuration with the power supply unit, it is carried out from the 26 V or 13 V DC on-board network. The radio station remains operational when the on-board network voltage changes from 22 to 30 V or from 11 to 15 V, as well as after exposure to +26 V voltage pulses with an amplitude of up to 70 V for 3 ms.

The radio station allows continuous operation with a ratio of reception time to transmission time of 3: 1. Continuous operation for transmission should not exceed 10 minutes, the operating time in the standby reception mode is not limited.

Current consumption by the radio station from the on-board network with a voltage of 20 (13) V:

Not more than 9.6 (20.3) A when working in transmission;

Not more than 3 (10) A when operating in standby mode.

When connecting, the polarity must be observed. The poles are marked on the battery terminals and radio terminals.

The transceiver is powered from the on-board network with a voltage of 26 V using three converters of the power supply unit BP-26. The power supply converters are made on transistors according to push-pull circuits of blocking generators. The rectifier circuits of the converters are made on semiconductor diodes and contain smoothing filters.

The transceiver is powered from the on-board network with a voltage of 13 V using three converters and a power amplifier (26 V voltage source) of the BP-13 power supply. The voltage converters BP-13 are made on transistors according to push-pull circuits of blocking generators, and the power amplifier is made according to a circuit with independent excitation.

The control of the supply voltages is carried out using the V4-8 switch and the IP4-1 pointer indicator at nominal values ​​of the supply voltages and when the on-board network voltage changes within the large sector of the scale filled in when the V4-8 switch is set to the position corresponding to the tested voltage.

In the "OPERATION 1(2)" positions, the antenna circuit tuning is controlled. The voltages +250 V and +600 V are monitored with the antenna circuit tuned.

Radio Safety Precautions

All persons servicing radio stations are required to observe safety measures. Personnel with solid practical skills in its operation and maintenance, who know the relevant safety rules when working with control and measuring instruments, are allowed to operate and carry out maintenance work on the radio station.

Be especially careful when handling batteries and batteries. Before turning on the radio station, the service personnel must check the reliability of the fastening of the batteries in the compartment. When replacing batteries, follow the rules for connecting them. Otherwise, the radio may be damaged. It is strictly forbidden to connect power sources when the radio is on! Troubleshooting in the equipment should be carried out only with the power sources turned off. Unnecessarily, you can not open the corks of cans, tear off the protective shell from the battery and break it, as well as disassemble and short-circuit the battery. It is forbidden to heat the battery above 50 0 C. It is strictly forbidden to connect batteries in reverse polarity!

When performing preventive maintenance of batteries, it is strictly prohibited:

smoking and lighting a fire in the premises of gas stations (battery charging station);

prepare and pour electrolyte without goggles, protective clothing, rubber gloves;

close the battery poles and leave the tool, metal parts on the batteries.

When operating radios, it is important to ensure that cables and hoses do not have exposed wires. The ribbon and whip antennas are highly resilient, so care must be taken when deploying and retracting them so as not to injure yourself or others.

When operating radio stations in winter, do not allow preliminary (before starting work) cooling of the battery. To increase the duration of the operation of the radio station at temperatures below -10 0 С, it is recommended to place the power supply unit under outerwear, while the transceiver must be connected to the battery via an adapter cable, external parts and kit elements (switches, chips, headsets) must be protected from moisture and frost, do not allow sharp bends of the power cable to the power supply unit and the handset, do not place the station directly on snow and ice, do not allow it to freeze, use improvised means as bedding. To preserve the radio stations and their performance, after the end of work, remove the battery from the station compartment and put it in storage according to the battery operating instructions. Keep the station clean, protecting it from sudden shocks, bumps and falls. Do not allow water to enter the housing. After working in wet weather, dry the radio in a dry, well-ventilated area. It is necessary to carry out a systematic external inspection, if a malfunction is detected, to hand over the station for repair in a timely manner, and periodically check the main technical characteristics.

General rules for preparing radio stations for operation and checking their performance

Each radio station has its own characteristics when preparing it for work and checking its performance, but there are certain rules for all radio stations:

1. Remove the radio station from the packing box and inspect the outside for damage to the case and control handles (toggle switches);

2. Install power to the radio, first check

toggle switch ON, OFF (stands in the OFF position);

3. Install the antenna;

4. Connect the handset;

5. Turn on the radio (receiver noise should be heard in the head units);

6. Set the required frequency and adjust the current in the antenna;

7. Get in touch with the correspondent.

radio discipline

radio discipline- this is a strict implementation of the rules and requirements of covert command and control.

In order to exclude or hinder the enemy's ability to conduct reconnaissance and achieve secrecy of communications, the commander must:

when negotiating by means of communication, observe the established rules, use call signs, coded cards, negotiation tables; prohibit open negotiations on the organization of hostilities.

Open negotiations and transmissions by means of communication are allowed when alerting troops, and in the course of a battle - when controlling fire and transmitting commands without disclosing the concept of military operations.

Commanders of all levels must take measures to prevent violations of communication discipline. Before each inclusion of the radio station for transmission, it is necessary to make sure by listening whether there is an exchange in the radio network.

Violation of radio communication discipline

Persons who violate the discipline of radio communications are subject to administrative liability.

Persons who have violated the rules of radio communication, resulting in the disclosure of military secrets, are subject to criminal liability in accordance with the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus.

Classification of violations of radio communication discipline:

1. Violations of the 1st category:

a) open negotiations, from which it is possible to establish: the location, the actual name, purpose and nature of the tasks being solved, the number and combat composition, data on the availability of materiel and military equipment of the unit;

dislocation of communication centers and command posts in daily work and exercises, on regrouping and raising on alarm or going to spare areas;

routes and purpose of movement of troops, railway stations of loading and unloading;

the procedure for coding topographic maps, keys to coding machines and their validity periods;

technical data of secret equipment and the principle of its operation;

b) untimely change of radio data when changing control points;

c) The use of the duty radio operator table (TDR) when transmitting classified information;

2. Violations of the 2nd category:

a) open negotiations, from which it is possible to establish: numbers of military units and field mails;

generalized data and the state of communication of control points, the affiliation of the call signs of radio relay communication centers and the positions of persons, as well as the validity of the call signs, frequencies and keys, the affiliation of the radio station to the armed forces, military branches;

positions of generals, officers, their ranks, surnames.

b) transmission of a masking radiogram that distinguishes operational;

c) transmission of uncoded symbols of correspondents and officials;

d) negotiations of a private nature, regardless of whether they are conducted according to the table of the radio operator on duty (TRD) or openly;

e) the use of telephone and telegraph call signs of communication centers and work during the period of radio silence;

f) simultaneous operation of new and old callsigns;

g) regular numbering of radiograms originating from one communication center.

3. Violations of the 3rd category:

transmission of uncoded frequency ratings, numbers of radio networks and radio directions, series of radiograms and time of regular sessions; untimely change of radio data;

the use of special radiograms, plain text, instead of a service code;

failure to comply with the requirements of the main radio station on issues of ensuring the established order;

work with a distorted callsign, salient feature transmissions on the key, systematic pressing on the key, blowing into the microphone before calling, abbreviated transmission of numbers;

operation of the transmitter at a frequency that differs from the specified rating in excess of the established stabilization standards;

distortion of the signal shape at the output of the transmitter;

coincidence or advance of time compared to the time indicated in the header;

repeated repetition of code expressions and service characters, transmission of arbitrary characters, systematic pressing of the key, blowing into the microphone before calling;

use prohibited frequencies for communication;

poor radiotelegrapher transmission quality causing delay

in radio exchange and decrease in the efficiency of radio exchange; non-compliance with the standards for establishing radio communications; transmission of the time of the next radio communication sessions.

Commanders of all levels must take measures to prevent violations of communication discipline.

Communication equipment is a whole complex of technically sophisticated equipment that provides the possibility of regular exchange of various data between the main users at certain distances. There are a lot of examples and varieties of such equipment - from portable amateur radio stations to complex system satellite communications.

Regardless of the type of equipment, with its regular use, various processes occur:

• natural resource development (wear and tear);


• failure of individual components or the entire device as a whole;


• damage caused by improper use.

To avoid premature failure of the equipment, it is necessary to carry out regular maintenance of communication equipment. This is a set of measures that has a cyclical frequency and includes a number of works that guarantee the stable operation of the equipment set.

The main types of operations for the maintenance of communication equipment

Maintenance of communication equipment involves a number of operations:

• control and verification activities. In the course of the work, the main technical characteristics of the equipment are checked by carrying out appropriate measurements and comparing the results with reference indicators. Also at this stage, various defects can be detected that are difficult to detect during normal use of the equipment;


• adjustment and adjustment. In case of detection of deviations from the specified performance indicators and the absence of breakdowns, the equipment is adjusted, adjusted or calibrated in accordance with the standard performance indicators;


• prevention and repair. The main purpose of preventive maintenance is to identify various defects that may affect the performance of the entire equipment or a specific unit. If necessary, to eliminate significant malfunctions, repair work is carried out.

Maintenance stages

Regular preventive maintenance guarantees the absence of serious breakdowns of the equipment and significantly increases its performance and service life. Maintenance is carried out on the basis of frequency and depending on the type of equipment.

All events are divided into four main groups:

• daily prevention. Required condition for equipment that operates around the clock or with a break of no more than 24 hours. The complex of works includes external inspection, removal of contaminants from the equipment without opening the protective casing, general monitoring of communication equipment (checking the actual performance in a given range of settings);


• weekly inspection. Operations are carried out on equipment that operates continuously or with interruption for more than 24 hours. The complex of works not only includes all the actions from the previous paragraph, but also a number of additional procedures - inspection and cleaning of contacts, checking the equipment for operability in all modes using special control and measuring equipment;


• quarterly service. A mandatory procedure for all communication devices, regardless of their mode of operation and the duration of continuous operation. In addition to regular weekly maintenance, full check communication equipment for operability in all ranges, checking antennas, contacts and connecting nodes. Additionally, the equipment is cleaned and the failed elements that are found during the check are replaced;


• seasonal activities. The performance of routine maintenance concerns all equipment, including redundant systems and equipment that is stored in a warehouse. The set of measures includes not only the work described in the previous paragraph, but also additional procedures - replacing faulty elements, checking backup communication circuits, warehouse equipment, control over the maintenance of reporting documentation.

All routine maintenance must be recorded in a special journal (form) indicating the type of maintenance and the data of persons responsible for carrying out regular preventive maintenance.

In the event of a malfunction, authorized specialists carry out repair or restoration work.

Equipment for the repair of communication devices is a special tool and test equipment that allows you to perform a full range of specialized work of any level of complexity.

Proper installation and maintenance of communication equipment is a guarantee of safe and stable operation

To minimize the occurrence of breakdowns in communication equipment, several criteria must be considered:

• communication equipment certification. Before purchasing the equipment, make sure that it meets all the specified requirements and has passed the mandatory checks in accordance with regulatory documents;


• operation in accordance with the regulations;


• regular maintenance;


• correct installation of the equipment.

Installation of communication equipment is a technically complex process that is performed by specialists. Regardless of the scope of work, it is necessary not only to correctly position and connect all the units, to ground the communication equipment and to prepare the entire system for a test run.

To learn more about technical inspection regulations, installation and repair work, maintenance of communication equipment, as well as to see the latest technological advances in the industry and modern systems connection, enough visit the profile exhibition "Communication". The large-scale exposition will be located on the territory of the Expocentre Fairgrounds.

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Maintenance of means and communication systems provides for auxiliary operations, control and verification, adjustment and adjustment, preventive and repair work.

Auxiliary operations are designed to prepare control and measuring instruments (CIP), equipment, tools and a workplace for the main activities. These include: turning on and warming up the equipment, its deployment, connecting and checking the instrumentation, bringing the equipment to its original state after carrying out control, preventive or repair measures, etc.

Control and verification work consists in measuring and monitoring the technical parameters of the equipment and its modes of operation to determine readiness for use, as well as determining the need for its adjustment, adjustment or repair. In this case, those malfunctions that cannot be detected during the operation of the equipment are detected. Usually these are partial failures or failures due to difficult-to-control parameters.

To assess the quality of operation of communication equipment in the subdivisions of the State Fire Service, periodic technical inspections and checks.

Adjustment and tuning work consists of operations in which the parameters of a node (unit, device, system or complex) are brought to the values ​​​​set technical requirements. Adjustment work carried out without changing the elements of the circuit and structures is called equipment tuning.

Preventive work provides an increase in the reliability of the equipment during a given period of time due to the timely prevention of failures by predicting them.

Repair work is carried out to eliminate identified and prevent potential equipment failures.

Maintenance of communication equipment is carried out cyclically. The maintenance cycle is the smallest recurring period of operation during which established species maintenance provided by regulatory documentation.

The volume and frequency of maintenance activities are determined special instructions for maintenance (operational and repair documentation).

Maintenance of communication facilities is carried out according to a preventive plan, which provides for the following maintenance intervals: Maintenance No. 1 (daily); MOT No. 2 (weekly); TO No. 3 (quarterly); MOT No. 4 (seasonal).

Maintenance No. 1 is carried out on means of communication that operate continuously or with interruptions of no more than one day.

Maintenance No. 1 is carried out by personnel when accepting and handing over duty and provides for the following main works:

Visual inspection;

Cleaning equipment without opening;

Checking the reliability of fasteners and all connections;

Checking the operability of equipment and equipment in a given mode.

Maintenance No. 2 is carried out on means of communication that operate continuously or with interruptions for more than one day. It is allowed to turn off the equipment for the period of maintenance work.

TO No. 2 provides for the implementation of the following main works on communication facilities:

Work in the scope of TO No. 1;

Checking and, if necessary, cleaning the contacts of the connectors without opening the blocks and mounting;

Lubrication of rotating elements without opening blocks;

Checking the operability of the equipment in all modes using built-in devices.

TO No. 2 is carried out by personnel who are assigned means of communication.

TO No. 3 is carried out on all means of communication located in the subdivisions, regardless of the intensity of their operation.

TO No. 3 provides for the implementation of the following main works on communication facilities:

Work in the scope of TO No. 2;

Detailed inspection and cleaning of the entire set;

Checking the condition of antenna-mast devices and feeder lines;

Checking the operability of communication facilities using built-in devices and the necessary settings and adjustments;

Replacement of defective elements in the equipment;

Measurement of individual parameters and bringing them into line with specifications;

Checking the serviceability of auxiliary equipment.

TO No. 3 is carried out by employees of the communications service or the communications unit of the garrison.

TO No. 4 provides for the implementation of the following main works on all means of communication, including those stored in a warehouse:

Works in the scope of TO No. 3;

Checking the status of blocks, regulating and control elements;

Checking switching circuits and nodes;

Checking and, if necessary, replacing faulty units in the equipment;

Measurement of the main parameters and bringing them in line with the technical specifications;

Checking and restocking of spare property and accessories;

Checking the maintenance of the form, the maintenance log and the control of communications.

Works in the scope of TO No. 4 are carried out by specialists of the communications unit with the participation of employees of the communications service of the State Fire Service units.

Responsibility for the maintenance of communication facilities and the timely implementation of maintenance is assigned to the head of the garrison communications service and the heads of the State Fire Service units.

Organizational Foundations operation and maintenance facilities

Commissioning of communication facilities and systems. The procedure for receiving, issuing

and securing means of communication

Maintenance of communication facilities and systems

Planning for the operation, maintenance and repair of facilities

Communication storage

Long-term storage of communications equipment and their maintenance

Control of the state of communication facilities and organization of its operation

Checking the state of communication facilities and organizing its operation

Accounting and analysis of communication failures

Organizational bases of operation and maintenance of communication facilities

117. Operation of means of communication includes the use of means of communication and technical operation.

The use of communication means provides for:

preparation for work in a given mode;

control over the state of communication and modes of operation of equipment and equipment;

maintenance of technical documentation.

Technical operation includes:

putting communication facilities into technical operation;

maintenance, repair, operation planning and accounting of communication facilities;

technical condition control;

statistical accounting and failure analysis;

118. The main conditions for ensuring the high-quality operation of communication facilities are:

compliance by all officials using communication facilities in the daily activities of their units with the requirements of this Manual and schedules for the maintenance and repair of communication facilities;

timely planning, clear organization and high-quality implementation of measures for technical operation;

assigning means of communication to the units of the State Border Service and responsible persons;

instilling in the personnel of the State Border Service a sense of responsibility for the maintenance of the entrusted means of communication in constant readiness for use;

firm knowledge by the personnel of the principles of operation of means of communication, the rules of their operation and security measures;

implementation of constant control by officials over the technical condition of communication facilities, the organization of technical operation and the timely elimination of identified shortcomings.

119. Communication means must be kept in good condition, always ready for work and used only for its intended purpose in compliance with the established operating rules.

120. Dismantling or withdrawal of individual units and blocks from the kits of funds is not allowed.

121. The heads of garrison communications services are responsible for organizing the technical operation of communications equipment and ensuring their constant readiness for work.

122. Persons guilty of using means of communication for other than their intended purpose, disassembling, losing and disabling equipment are held accountable in accordance with applicable regulations.

123. Means of communication are considered serviceable if they are completed and ensure operation in all the prescribed modes, and the parameters of the apparatus and equipment correspond established standards specified in the forms (passports) for the equipment.

communications instruction manual

22 communication device instruction manual: Regulatory document, containing all the information necessary for the correct and safe operation of the communication facility, including its technical characteristics, device and principle of operation, handling rules for storage, transportation, preparation for operation and use for its intended purpose (GOST 2.601)

Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative-technical documentation. academic.ru. 2015 .

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normative_reference_dictionary.academic.ru

Guidelines for the technical operation of communication facilities of the Navy (RTESS-73)

Document canceled
Instead, the Manual for the technical operation of communication facilities is used. Navy(RTESS-80)
This Guide is a document that defines the organization of the technical operation of communications equipment on ships and in parts of the Navy.
Fulfillment of the requirements of this Manual is mandatory for all headquarters of the fleets, flotillas, naval bases, formations planning the use of communications facilities and facilities, as well as for the personnel of ships and communications units of the Navy.
With the release of this Guide, the Manual on the technical operation of communications equipment of the Navy, 1967 (NTES-67), shall be considered invalid.

Chapter I. Basic Provisions
1. Maintenance content
Chapter II. Planning and accounting for the technical operation of communication facilities and facilities
1. Maintenance planning
2. Operational and technical documentation on ships and in units
Chapter III. Commissioning of communication facilities and facilities
1. Commissioning of communication facilities and facilities
2. Admission of personnel to independent operation of communication facilities and facilities
Chapter IV. Maintenance of communication facilities and facilities
1. Organization and maintenance
2. Features of the maintenance of communications equipment on ships
3. Features of maintenance of means and facilities for communication of stationary objects
4. Station facilities for wired communication
5. Features of maintenance of communications equipment in mobile parts and communications units
6. Maintenance and supervision of measuring instruments
Chapter V. Control over the technical operation of communication facilities and facilities
Chapter VI. Organization of work to improve the reliability of communication facilities and facilities during operation
Chapter VII. Organization of repair of communication facilities and facilities
1. Planning for the repair of communications equipment
2. The procedure for handing over communication equipment for repair and receiving them from repair
3. Repair of measuring instruments
4. Repair of fixed communication facilities
5. Repair of antenna-feeder devices
6. Repair of communication complexes
7. The procedure for registration of repair of communication equipment at shipyards
Chapter VIII. Claim work
Chapter IX. Material support for technical operation
1. Storage and accounting of communications property on ships and in units
2. Categorization and decommissioning of communications
3. Transfer of communications from part to part
4. The procedure for obtaining and spending materials and property for the needs of operation
Chapter X. Conservation of means of communication
Chapter XI. Security measures for the operation of communications
Chapter XII. The main responsibilities of officials for the technical operation of communication facilities and facilities
Applications:
1. The content of the operation of communication facilities and facilities
2. Communication categorization table
3. Plan for the technical operation of fleet communication facilities and facilities
4. Plan for the implementation of regulations No. 5 and 6 on communication facilities (structures)
5. Plan for the medium and overhaul of the means of communication for the naval base, connections (parts
6. Plan for the operation of communications equipment (only for moving parts of communications)
7. Plan for the technical operation of communication facilities (structures)
8. List of operational documentation on ships and in communication units (subdivisions)
9. Book of fixing means of communication
10. Certificate for the right to operate communications equipment
11. The act of carrying out annual maintenance of communication facilities and facilities (Regulation No. 6)
12. Journal of routine maintenance and control of technical condition
13. Planned task for the personnel of the combat post (squad) at the PPO and PPR of the combat unit of the ship's communications
14. PPO and PPR plan for the warhead of the ship's communications
15. Journal of accounting and checks of the protection system (radio reception from interference caused by upper deck devices
16. Time limits for carrying out regulations No. 5 and 6 of the equipment of communication facilities
17. Plan for the implementation of regulation No. 6 (5) equipment of the communication facility
18. Plan for the preparation and implementation of regulation No. 2 (3) apparatus and equipment
19. VLF radio stations
20. Plan for the preparation and maintenance of communications equipment of the military unit in the scope of regulation No. 3
20. Planned task for the crew of the R-102M2 radio station
21. Journal of measuring instruments
22. Card for recording the operation and malfunctions of equipment
23. Journal of breakdowns and failures of communication facilities and facilities
24. The act of investigating the failure of communication facilities and facilities
25. Application for overhaul of communication equipment at repair enterprises of central subordination
26. List of repair work of the ship's communications equipment (part)
27. List of product kit sent for repair
28. Certificate of the technical condition of the transport base
29. Inventory of easily removable parts of the car
30. Certificate of acceptance of work performed
31. Journal of accounting of reclamation documents
32. Notification (to call the manufacturer's representative)
33. Telegraphic notice
34. Act of complaint
35. Act of restoration
36. Act of the technical (quality) state of communications
37. Inspection certificate (for writing off communication equipment)
38. Conservation card
39. Routing reopening
40. Logbook for conducting briefings on the rules and security measures
41. Journal of knowledge testing PTE and PTB
42. Journal of checking knowledge on safety measures for personnel qualification group I
43. Journal of periodic testing of protective equipment
44. Table of periodic tests of protective equipment
45. Journal of work and hardening (calcination) of high-power radio tubes and thyratrons
46. ​​Log book for issuing orders (ordering) for repairs
47. Act of investigation of damage to the underwater (underground) communication cable
48. Journal of damages in wired communication equipment
49. Journal of damage to communication cables
50. Travel log of the linear patrol
51. Journal of accounting for electrical measurements of field cables
52. Journal of measurements of circuits, wires and grounds

Rules for the operation of communications

Successful implementation of technical operation measures is achieved by:

High discipline and diligence of the personnel, understanding of their official duty and personal responsibility for the fulfillment of the assigned duties to maintain the entrusted means of communication in good condition;

Solid knowledge and fulfillment of the requirements of the manual for the technical operation of aircraft communications (RTESS VS - 78) and others guidance documents organization of technical operation of communication facilities;

Timely planning, clear organization and high-quality implementation of all activities for technical operation;

Assigning means of communication to departments and responsible persons;

Solid knowledge of the l / composition of the device, the combat capabilities of the principles of operation of communications equipment, the rules for their operation, rules and security measures;

The implementation of systematic control by officials over the technical condition of communication facilities, the organization of technical operation and the timely elimination of identified shortcomings;

The study and generalization of the experience of technical operation and the introduction of advanced methods in the organization of maintenance and repair of communication facilities.

Communication means, depending on their technical condition, can be assessed as serviceable (faulty) and as operable (inoperable).

Communication means are considered serviceable if they meet all the requirements established by the regulatory and technical documentation (technical specifications, forms, passports).

Communication facilities are considered operable if they are able to perform all their functions, maintaining the value of the specified parameters within the limits established by the regulatory and technical documentation.

Unlike serviceable, operable means may have individual defects that do not directly affect the performance of their functions (traces of corrosion, damage to decorative coatings, burnout of signal lights).

The chiefs of communications of formations and units, commanders of units (heads of facilities) of communications are responsible for organizing the technical operation of communications equipment and ensuring their constant readiness for work.

Direct responsibility for the technical condition of the communications equipment, timely and high-quality performance of routine maintenance is borne by the engineering and technical staff, commanders of the communications units and persons assigned to the communications equipment.

Technical operation of the transport base of communication facilities, power supplies, power supply systems and technical systems stationary communication facilities is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant manuals and guidelines.

Viva la Radio

Safety requirements when preparing the radio station for operation

When preparing the hardware for operation, it is necessary to observe following rules safety precautions:

1. Before connecting the equipment room to the external network, check the condition and serviceability of the grounding buses, the correctness and reliability of the connection of the connectors.
2. Ground the radio housing.
3. Check the voltage of the external network with the Ts4315 device using protective equipment and with the obligatory presence of a second person.

Safety requirements when working on a radio station

When working with live equipment, do not:

connect and disconnect cables;

replace fuses and radio components;

perform electrical work;

inspect and clean internal wiring;

be on the roof of the control room;

connect, disconnect and repair antennas or touch exposed antenna contacts;

work with the doors of the control room open (to avoid exposure of the crew);

connect and disconnect the antenna feeder of the control room during a thunderstorm;

touch the outer parts of the body of the control room with open parts of the body in order to avoid burns when working on the anti-aircraft radiation antenna;

refuel AB and car engines;

When the transmitting device of the control room is operating for radiation, crew members can be outside the control room for a limited time, namely:

• in the parking lot when working on the AZI behind the control room up to 2-3 m from it no more than 2 hours;
• in the parking lot when working on other types of antennas in the zone of 2-4 m, no more than 2-3 hours.

Safety requirements for the operation of the power supply system and equipment of the R-161A-2M radio station:

• before connecting the network or starting the unit, it is necessary to reliably ground the body of the car and trailer;
• neutral (neutral wire) of the AB-8-T/400 unit do not ground ;
• connect power cables to the unit, replace fuses, lamps, perform maintenance in places where there is a voltage above the above values, you can only when de-energized ;
• in the event of a power failure, it is forbidden to start any work, touch live parts without turning off the corresponding section or the entire installation;
• measurement of anode voltages, connection of current collectors to the 380/220 V network, troubleshooting in blocks connected with repair hoses is only allowed with the use of protective insulating means with special care and always in the presence of a second person who could provide assistance in case of electric shock ;
• it is forbidden to inspect the rear side of the transmitting device and the commissioning, inspect the switch of the transmitting antennas and deploy the transmitting antennas when the radio station transmitter is on;
• landing sites should be secured. V-shaped antenna, preventing the possibility of touching it, especially at night;
• if any malfunctions are noticed in the operation of the equipment, immediately disconnect it from the power sources.
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