Industrial installation. Industrial reverse osmosis plant. Automation of industrial plants

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Manufacturer TM "Infrakar" is a manufacturer of multifunctional devices such as a gas analyzer and smoke meter.

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The META plant is a manufacturer of the most reliable technical inspection devices. The STM brake tester is produced at this plant.

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Zapadpribor LLC is a supplier of ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters, frequency meters, phase meters, shunts and other devices from such measuring equipment manufacturers as: PO Elektrotochpribor (M2044, M2051), Omsk; JSC Instrument-Making Plant Vibrator (M1611, Ts1611), St. Petersburg; Krasnodar ZIP OJSC (E365, E377, E378), ZIP-Partner LLC (Ts301, Ts302, Ts300) and ZIP Yurimov LLC (M381, Ts33), Krasnodar; OJSC "VZEP" ("Vitebsk plant of electrical measuring instruments") (E8030, E8021), Vitebsk; JSC Elektropribor (M42300, M42301, M42303, M42304, M42305, M42306), Cheboksary; JSC "Elektroizmeritel" (Ts4342, Ts4352, Ts4353) Zhytomyr; PJSC "Uman Plant" Megommetr "(F4102, F4103, F4104, M4100), Uman.

Today, many industrial enterprises put on an industrial reverse osmosis installation. The method was based on a natural phenomenon. It refers to the membrane method of removing contaminants. The reverse osmosis method is able to completely solve the issues of purification in many areas of human life. An example is the industrial reverse osmosis water filtration system for boilers, various technologies, food applications and the removal of salts in sea water. Sometimes industrial systems are called membrane water desalination plants. During treatment, the liquid is completely desalinated by reverse osmosis.

Membrane use

Reverse osmosis systems use a porous membrane. It is made from a thin film layer of a composite material with many pores. Their space should pass only water molecules, and retain impurities. Typically, industrial installations use a pore diameter of 0.0001 microns. To start the purification process, it is necessary to provide osmotic pressure - the force of water supply to the membrane surface so that water molecules can pass through the pores. The rate of water purification is directly proportional to the osmotic pressure, temperature range of water and salt concentration. So in low-pressure osmosis provide pressure from 6 atm, and in high-pressure - from 15 atm. Highly saline waters, such as sea water, require a working osmotic pressure of 45 to 80 atm.

In a reverse osmosis system, water is divided into two streams:

• permeate or filtrate - water that has passed filtration;
• brine or concentrate - water that goes to drainage systems or is additionally processed.

Application of industrial systems

Industrial installations are selected based on working conditions. Additionally, the performance of the system is taken into account in order to ensure the purification of this volume of water supplied. It is better to use the advice of specialists on an individual basis.

Pay attention to the number of membranes, pump performance, degree of control, instrumentation and other necessary design parameters. The main task is to obtain the required permeate and its constant production for a certain type of object.

The complex takes into account the initial and required composition of water. For example, the water of the chemical industry is preliminarily treated with mechanical and ionic purification, while the agricultural industry is subjected to mechanical filtration, aerobic oxidation and water softening.

The unit is mounted on a wall or in a dust-proof cabinet. Additionally, they can install a UV disinfector and water collection tanks.

Reverse osmosis unit

Significant in the industry are two-stage filters for reverse osmosis. The liquid to be purified is fed to the first membrane. Next, the filtrate is sent to the second membrane unit. The water at the outlet is completely desalinated or deeply desalinated. It is used in the electronics and chemical industries in some stages.

When developing a reverse osmosis treatment plant for industrial purposes, the following rules are followed:

• the priority water treatment and the design of the reverse osmosis system is set for a certain chemical composition of water, requirements for purified water and working conditions;
• reverse osmosis water purification system must fully cover the needs of production;
• all materials and components must have a certificate for use in the food industry;
• make the most of energy-saving technologies;
• automatic control should be carried out according to three criteria: time cyclogram, volume of purified water, manual control;
• during operation, pressure, water temperature, operating time, salt composition, pH value and other parameters should be monitored;
• provide for the regulation of the concentration of trace elements in filtered water, as well as blocking in case of violations in the work or water quality;
• passport value of performance should be throughout the entire period of operation at any temperature;
• in technical operation the installation and start-up of the system, its maintenance as a whole and its individual parts should be described in detail.

At the heart of the reverse osmosis installation is the supporting frame. It not only influences appearance system, but also necessary to ensure rigidity and strength. Proper system layout will facilitate installation, use and maintenance of all equipment. Usually the frame can be adjusted in height and moved on wheels.

A centrifugal pump with several stages, a solenoid valve, a pressure switch and a check valve for flushing the membrane are installed on the frame. Rotameter, pressure gauge, control cabinet and adjustable valve are mounted in front of the frame.

A mechanical filter, a solenoid valve, a protection relay and a check valve are installed on the supply water pipeline in the following sequence.

At the water outlet, the pipeline is equipped with a safety valve and a conductometer.

Reverse osmosis plants for industrial use are fully equipped and mounted directly into the water supply.

Types of industrial installations

There are 3 design options. The construction of the membrane group depends on the ratio of the obtained water to the concentrate.

The first type includes low-performance installations - up to 5 cubic meters per hour. All membrane elements in this form are mounted in one pressure vessel. This is how the maximum simplicity and cheapness are achieved. With one membrane, the installation is made vertical, with several - horizontal.

The second type consists of medium performance systems. All membrane elements are distributed in two parallel housings. The complexity of the system is justified by the large output. It can purify sea waters. The installations are arranged horizontally with an even number of cases.

The most difficult type is the third one, which has great performance. It is distinguished by the supply of concentrate to additional membranes to ensure the maximum allowable yield of filtered water (up to 75%), energy saving, emissions into the sewerage system and the cost of the resulting water. Additional membranes carry more load, as the concentrate contains more impurities. To ensure uniform operation, cleaning or regeneration of additional membranes is provided. This group has been managed by sophisticated controls and hardware.

Working principle of industrial osmosis

Removal of salts from water occurs due to the principle of reverse osmosis. Salt water is pumped through a semi-permeable thin membrane under a certain pressure. It is necessary for the passage of water molecules and the retention of salt ions and trace elements.

The performance of the membrane system is not equal to the performance of the pump, but much lower. It is affected by temperature and concentration of impurities.

Advantages of an industrial reverse osmosis system

If complex technologies or expensive equipment are used in production, then the reverse osmosis method is quite relevant.

As mentioned above, the system can be supplemented with a UV lamp, a mineralizer and other necessary devices.

The liquid is purified by 99% and will not harm either the human body or complex production.

Disadvantages of a reverse osmosis system

The installation is powerless in front of the gaseous form of chlorine and some organic matter. Thanks to smaller molecules, herbicides, chlorine and other substances freely pass through the pores of the membrane.

Today, the question is raised about the dangers of using demineralized water for food.

At the outlet, the volume of the permeant is only one third of the total volume of the liquid supplied.

Contemporary industrial production regardless of the industry, it is characterized by a high degree of unification, mechanization and automation.

Industrial installations can be classified in different ways:

• by type of industry - chemical, energy, metallurgical, etc.,
• by importance - main and auxiliary, by organization production process– continuous or intermittent action,
• by scope - universal and specialized,
• by type of process - mechanical, hydromechanical, thermal, chemical, mass transfer,
• according to the level of automation - automatic, semi-automatic and self-adjusting installations.

A significant part of industrial installations can be considered universal, that is, applicable in most industries, regardless of the industry. These include refrigeration, pumping, heating, lifting installations. Most technological processes in various industries are associated with heating, cooling and the transfer of masses and heat over a distance.

For highly specialized industries, for example, in the chemical industry, specialized equipment is used - aerators, crucibles, centrifuges, plasma torches, scrubbers, in metallurgy - installations for induction heating, etc.

An industrial ventilation plant is an example of an organization.

Any technological process requires energy, therefore any industrial installation is supplied with a power unit - electric, solid or liquid fuel. In addition, it is necessary to supply raw materials and materials to the operating installation and take the finished product, so any installation needs transport module for production loading operations. This can be a piping system, if the plant is working with liquids or gases, a conveyor or a loader (for solids).

In some cases, industrial installations are carried out in a mobile version, for example, on the basis of truck or an all-terrain vehicle (as an example -).

An obligatory component of any industrial installation is a security system that protects equipment from breakdowns and accidents (sensors, meters, fire extinguishing system), and service staff from injuries (railings, fences). Maintenance and repair of these auxiliary systems often takes more time and resources than maintenance of the main unit of the installation. In hazardous industries and continuous cycle installations, all auxiliary systems are duplicated.

Thus, we can say that an industrial plant is an automated complex consisting of a set of specialized units that provides industrial production in a given volume.

The main requirements for industrial installations are reliability, durability, efficiency, ease of operation and safety.

Automated industrial plants are actively used in the chemical industry.

During the operation of the equipment, it is exposed to many factors - pressure, temperature, corrosion and mechanical stress, but the range of these factors can be very large. In order to prevent possible breakdowns and avoid production shutdowns for industrial installations, the terms of routine inspection, maintenance and repair are set.

Automation of industrial plants

Modern software allow you to automate even very complex production processes.

Automatic installations do not require human intervention. They control the parameters technological process and stop the process if the parameters are out of range.

Self-adjusting installations are a more intelligent type of machines that allow you to take into account changing conditions and adjust the operation of the system in accordance with the situation.

Sets of sensors and controllers can control all the parameters of the installation - temperatures, pressures, chemical composition, the condition of the nodes and much more. The range of control equipment is constantly being improved and become more compact.

Controllers are produced in many countries of the world, by a variety of manufacturers, so their prices are low.

For ease of use in many software products visualization (even volumetric) of the processes taking place in the installation is provided. Such visualization allows the operator to remotely control the situation and quickly respond to changes.

Industrial installations for air purification in production

Such cleaning is carried out with the help of special devices that collect dust located at production sites. According to the established legislation, the concentration of dust corresponds to no more than 0.15 mg/m3. In institutions associated with the manufacture of medicines, the content of toxic impurities should not exceed 3 mg/m3. They also deodorize harmful substances.

dust in industrial premises occurs during the manufacturing process of a product. If aluminum is manufactured or smelted, then a coke mass is formed, the particles of which fly in the air. There are an infinite number of such industries. People who are in rooms without equipped ventilation and air purification get severe poisoning.

Dust Neutralization Equipment

Removal occurs mainly due to coarse and fine filters made on a fibrous basis, as well as carbon filters. It all depends on the harmfulness of the plant. Above each workplace, ventilation must be equipped, through which dust from the technological process is sent through air ducts to non-filtration type devices:

• cyclone;
• dust collection chambers;
• rotating chambers.

Devices of this type have a dust collector, which is removed to specially designed places after it is filled. The replacement of fibrous and carbon filters takes place according to the established rules of the plant and the recommendations of manufacturers. All products for this process, have an internal device designed to remove different types dust.

Industrial waste incinerators

We are talking about incinerators. Every day people produce a certain amount of waste, which accumulates every day. The data is no longer suitable to be used again, so it is necessary to get rid of MSW (municipal solid waste). For this purpose, different methods are used, but one of the most profitable is precisely.

It is believed that this method of getting rid of unnecessary waste can reduce the initial volume by a factor of three, as well as rid the population of harmful properties, namely: toxic liquids, unpleasant odors, and protect animals, since the appearance attracts attention and endangers their lives.

Previously, this method was used only for industrial volumes of MSW disposal, but then special furnaces were made that allow you to get rid of garbage in a domestic way.

Waste incinerators and their benefits

1. An environmentally friendly way to dispose of unwanted solid waste;
2. Efficiency. Productivity indicator this method much higher than others;
3. Speed. Thanks to incinerators, recycling is fast and environmentally friendly.

What groups are waste incinerators divided into?

All waste incinerators are divided into three groups:

1. Industrial - the purpose of which is aimed at the disposal of waste from production, for example, medical waste, greenhouse, livestock, combustible and others;
2. Household - designed for the disposal of household waste. Such incinerators are small in size, and in appearance resemble the most ordinary stove. These incinerators are very convenient in offices and small medical rooms;
3. Country - destroy garbage in garden and private areas.

What does an industrial waste incinerator consist of and how does it work?

Fully metal structure for burning garbage, which contains 4 nodes, each of which has its own task.

1. The first node is engaged in the destruction of solid waste. It looks like a cylindrical chamber, in which there are 2 compartments separated by a grate, and hollow pipes located along the entire length of the chamber and responsible for the air supply. Incineration takes place in one half, garbage is loaded into the other, which dries up during the combustion of some waste. In addition, 80% of the constituent organic substances evaporate, which pollute the atmosphere, and then spontaneous combustion occurs. Due to this, combustion occurs constantly during the operation of the device, which leads to the complete burning of garbage.
2. The second node consists of a column, which is engaged in the neutralization of released gases. This happens due to thermochemical reactions, namely when air enters the column. Neutralized a large number of harmful gases and tiny particulate matter in the air.
3. The third node is responsible for the separation of exhaust gases, using a smoke exhauster. As a result, settled solid soot particles are formed, which are pure carbon (it can be called fertilizer).
4. The last fourth node is the catalyst. In this part of the incinerator, redox reactions of the gases passing through it take place. As a result, purified air is formed, which is released into the atmosphere.