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Growing champignons as a business and all the nuances of this process. Growing champignons as a business: reviews and tips How much mycelium is needed per 1 ton of manure

Who does not dream of a stable income and free graphics work? High income and confidence in the future can bring your own business. Own business allows you to independently choose the field of activity, adjust costs and ensures independence from other people. When starting your own business, you should consider the availability of the necessary resources for this and the amount of investment. For those who do not want to invest money in dubious enterprises, burden themselves with renting premises and recruiting workers, the option of growing champignons is suitable.

Pros and cons of mushroom growing business

Mushroom breeding is suitable for those who like to care for plants and dream of doing it. Such an enterprise does not require large investments, and most importantly, a mushroom plantation can be planted right at home. Growing champignons as a business high profitability: from 130 to 150% for different farmers, depending on production volumes. Mushrooms are a sought-after product at any time of the year, and besides, the Russian climate is ideal for mushroom growing.

If you follow the simple rules for planting champignons and caring for them, the result will not be long in coming. The first portion of fragrant mushrooms can be enjoyed after a couple of months. finished products expensive restaurants, establishments will always be happy fast food and private clients, including neighbors, friends and acquaintances.

With all the indisputable advantages, mushroom cultivation is a business that requires considerable physical effort and compliance with certain conditions. An ordinary city apartment is not suitable for growing champignons. A novice entrepreneur will need a special non-residential premises (see), the area of \u200b\u200bwhich will determine the volume of the crop and, accordingly, the possible amount of profit.

The dreams of many newcomers of a thriving business are shattered in the early stages of creating an enabling environment. It should be noted that a room equipped for planting champignons will be unsuitable for other purposes for a long time, since fungal spores are incredibly tenacious.

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First steps - creating an enabling environment

Growing champignons at home is a business that involves equipment special room. You can choose one of the following options: make a separate mushroom greenhouse or adapt existing utility rooms for mushroom growing.

In order to ensure a good healthy harvest in the future, you should take care of the ventilation system. For champignons, compliance is very important. temperature regime and humidity level. The mushroom picker should be divided into 4 zones, each of which will require the creation of a specific environment:

a plot for the manufacture of compost (here the air temperature should not be higher than 16 ° C);
chamber for pasteurization of compost (it is necessary to install a steam supply system and exhaust ventilation. Such a chamber must be airtight, have a separate entrance);
the zone in which the mycelium is sown and grown (optimum temperature 16-24 ° C, humidity - up to 100%, constant ventilation is necessary);
area for the breeding and collection of mushrooms (air temperature 14-16°C, humidity - 80%).

A multi-zone system will ensure strict adherence to technology in a business such as mushroom cultivation at all stages of production.

Mycelium and its features

When the room for growing champignons is ready, you can purchase soil with mycelium spores. It is not recommended to save on planting material. It is advisable to purchase it only from trusted suppliers, otherwise the compost may be empty.

Mycelium is in the form of a substrate or grains. According to the opinions of entrepreneurs who have been growing champignons as a business for many years, it is better to start with mycelium on the substrate. It is less demanding on the conditions of detention, resistant to errors in growing technology, and is not afraid of exposure to external stimuli. In addition, it is possible to purchase whole myceliums.

Important: growing champignons from mycelium is a very laborious process that involves the use of special agricultural technology. In this case, experienced mushroom growers feel more confident, selling not only the fruits of mushrooms, but also the material for their cultivation.

Compost preparation

Regardless of whether champignons will be grown in a basement or a greenhouse, a compost mixture will be the necessary soil for their development. The basis of compost is horse manure, since it is thanks to it that the necessary nitrogen environment for the growth of mushrooms develops. You can also use cow dung. Its advantage is that it can warm up, ensuring the reproduction of favorable bacteria.

Soil, straw, urea, chalk and ammonium sulfate should be added to manure. Please note that the humidity required for the formation of humus must be at least 80%, and the temperature must be 65 ° C.

Mushroom spores should be planted at a temperature of 20-27 ° C. For 1 sq. m you need 500 g of compost mixed with mycelium, or 400 g of grain mycelium. In the soil, you need to make small depressions at a distance of 30 cm from each other, where to place the mycelium. If spores are used as planting material, they should be sown directly on the surface of the compost.

After 10-15 days, the spores will begin to germinate. At this time, it is necessary to prepare a special mixture of limestone, earth and peat and sprinkle the beds with it. The top layer of this mass should be regularly moistened, avoiding drying out.

Important! Conditions for artificial cultivation of mushrooms should be as close to natural as possible. In the forest, mushrooms hide behind a layer of branches and leaves, so that even in the heaviest downpour, only part of the moisture reaches them. Therefore, in greenhouse conditions, irrigation should be carried out by spraying. Otherwise, the entire seedling will die.

Harvesting

Subject to these conditions, the first harvest of champignons can be made 35-40 days after planting. Collect fruits should be carefully, trying not to damage the mycelium. It is necessary to lightly hold the base of the champignon and the soil, tearing off the mushroom in a smooth circular motion.

To avoid rotting, you will have to collect not only large fruits, but also small ones. For 1 sq. m can account for up to 5 kg of champignons in one cycle. Cultivation can be done year-round and uninterrupted.

Storage conditions

If it is not possible to sell the mushrooms immediately after harvest, they must be sent to the refrigerator, after cooling a little. In the refrigerator, the fruits should not lie close to each other. There should be a small distance between the mushrooms, this will avoid deformation.

Mushrooms are practically not susceptible to diseases and pests. However, they are afraid of mold and rot. To prevent the formation of harmful microorganisms, you should take care of proper ventilation in advance. In addition, if a fruit with a deformed cap or leg, stains is found in the mycelium, it should be immediately removed and all other bodies checked.

Possible income

5-6 kg of mycelium can be planted in 1 ton of compost. The average yield of champignons is 250-300 kg per 1 ton of compost. The cost of buying mycelium and preparing the soil will total about 10,000 rubles. It is worth adding to this the cost of watering and maintaining the microclimate necessary for mushrooms - about another 2,000 rubles.

The average price of champignons is 250 rubles. for 1 kg at retail and about 150 rubles. for 1 kg wholesale. Thus, by growing and selling a batch of mushrooms with a volume of 250 kg, you can earn from 37,500 to 62,500 rubles, depending on the method of implementation. The profit will be from 25,500 to 50,500 rubles, respectively.

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* All norms and figures are average, in each individual case there may be some deviations from them.

Phase duration

Pasteurization tunnel

* Steam is used to moisten the compost when working in the winter.

Mycelium

Compost and cover soil

*Depending on humidity and cultivation method.

Mushroom yield*

* The author received a yield of 375 kg per 1 ton of compost.

Growing chambers

Storage

Shelf life of champignons

up to 10 days

Comments

I visit your site many times, I am very interested in this business, but I don’t know where to start, if you don’t mind, tell me

Tell me how to start a business.

I want to know how to prepare compost in a silo?

I would like to know where you can turn to personally talk on the topic: growing champignons.

Dear Alexander, I want to grow mushrooms. Please help me. Write where to get mycelium. Thanks a lot.
Hello, Alexander. I have been trying to grow mushrooms for 2 years. I don’t have a tunnel, so I don’t steam it. Productivity is 10-11 kg. Is it possible to get a crop of 20 kg without a tunnel? And how to achieve this?
Dear Alexander! When producing compost, is sawdust allowed in chicken manure and does it greatly affect the quality of the compost?
Hello, Alexander. Thank you for letting me know about this activity. I read a lot for mushrooms, but I still have questions. And if you don't mind, I'll ask you. Thanks
Question. Need for fresh air: up to 20 m? for 1 m? cultivation area. This is per hour and constantly or can be periods.
Alexander, the Dutch take 450,000 USD for work. is this a normal price? or Expensive!?
How much do your services cost?
Hello, dear Tsarev Alexander Vladimirovich, I have a question, is it possible to grow champignons on compost prepared from cattle manure?
Hello, dear Tsarev Alexander Vladimirovich, I have a question: please tell me, when harvesting, what needs to be done, that is, do I need to fill it with mycelium again ..... and one more question if it doesn’t bother you, please tell me if you need to change it yourself compost, if so how long
I'm interested - the mycelium is intended for one-time sowing or it grows, the ratio of mycelium and the finished product
Assalom alaikum Aleksadr Vladimirovich I wish you even more success and give you your goals in the future, please answer how much money it will take to build a mission like yours, but only ten acres for mushrooms, thank you in advance.
Hello, dear Alexander Vladimirovich, I'm interested in what square
it is possible to organize a continuous production cycle
champignons did not grow, is it possible to use compost again
Hello, I would like to grow champignons, is it possible to ventilate the room with fresh air or just air conditioning,
what is the maximum yield from 1 m? for 1.5-2 months of cultivation???
And where else can you buy mycelium and compost in Ukraine, somewhere near the Volyn region?
Thank you in advance!!!
Sincerely, Peter!
Hello Alexander Vladimirovich! I am interested in what area is needed for the construction of a compost plant? Thank you!
Tell me please, we are engaged in vegetable growing, we have 20 sq m of usable area prepared for growing champignons, an equipped room. We plan for ourselves and to get acquainted with the growing conditions. How much compost is required for this?
- Approximately 2 tons

How to start all this, from a clean slate, who will tell you. [email protected]

One thing is not clear, what is the need for fresh air in the process of mushroom growth, the table indicates up to 20 cubic meters per square meter, in what unit of time? An hour, a day? Who knows, tell me

Good afternoon! Tell me please. Are the fruiting figures indicated for a month?

Good afternoon!
In the compost formula, you specified chicken manure. I'm going to use horse manure. Tell me which is better?

Kind!
Not exactly a good idea to contrast horse manure with chicken manure. Of course, compost can be made from horse manure (or horse manure), but to increase nitrogen, you will have to add some amount of chicken manure. Or an additive containing the missing organic nitrogen.

How can I contact you?

If you, Mikhail, send feedback at least some of my contacts, I will contact you as soon as possible.

Hello, Alexander Vladimirovich, your compost preparation layout lists only four ingredients (straw, manure, gypsum, water)
Other sources recommend adding to the above ingredients (urea, superphosphate, saltpeter). Which option is better to choose? And if you add it in what proportions per 10 tons.
@mail.ru

Hello.
In any case, you will have to choose what you will make compost from. I can only say one thing, the fewer components, the easier it is to choose a compost formula. The formula is calculated based on the results of the analysis of raw materials. I wrote about this many times in my answers. I hope by "manure" you mean chicken manure.
Good evening!!! May I have your contacts? With uv!!

Hello Alexander Vladimirovich! my name is Nurdan, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
please tell me what is the need for steam for pasteurization per 10 tons of compost?
pasteurization chamber with a size of 10 sq.m. or 30 cubic meters, sandwich panel walls. kg/h.? THANKS!

Hello Nurdan! I don't use steam to pasteurize compost. If the tunnel is done correctly, then the heat generated by the compost itself is enough. You also have to remove some of this heat with fresh air.
As for the steam consumption rates for compost heating, in the old literature I met the figure of 5 kg of steam per hour per 1 ton of compost. Although the compost will begin to warm up at a rate of up to 2 degrees per hour from 2.5 kg of steam per hour per ton of compost. More accurate figures depend on the thermal conductivity characteristics of the pasteurization tunnel and the steam temperature.

Good day! I want to start growing champignons, buying sown compost, growing them in ready-made climatic chambers. The question is one, how much does one m2 give per month ?? Does the compost need to be changed once a month? I will be very grateful to you for the answer. If it's not difficult, send the answer to @mail.ru

Hello.
If you read carefully this article, then without special work you can calculate, then on 1 m2 you can grow up to 25 - 30 kg of mushrooms on average. Why before, because nothing can grow if you treat this topic superficially. And the growing cycle lasts not a month, but usually 9 weeks, when using phase 2 compost. And compost replacement is done (you guessed it) every 9 weeks too.

Good afternoon! My name is Timur and after reading your articles, I have questions, or rather two of them:
First: I have... well, let's say 300 thousand rubles, what are my prospects?
Second: tell us about sales, how to break into the network, which ones are preferable and what are their requirements, and what volumes is it realistic to sell to a novice farmer without a reputation?
Thank you for your attention and for your interesting site. And God grant you prosperity, God sees a good deed you are doing, enlightening people.

Hello Timur.
If we are talking about industrial volumes (judging by your interest in networks), then at 300 thousand rubles, the prospects are close to zero. And, to be honest, for non-industrial ones too. With a big stretch, you can think of some kind of amateur cultivation in very small volumes.
As for sales issues, usually, with my participation in the creation of new productions, the customer completely takes over the topic of sales. Although, according to the reputation of a novice mushroom grower, I can safely say that it (reputation) is made up of the quality of mushrooms, their prices, the regularity of supplies, and the ability to communicate with buyers. And I would put volumes at the very end of this list. And you can sell mushrooms not only through large retail chains...
And separately I want to say that I am glad that you found something useful for yourself on the site.

Hello! I have a desire to do this! How to contact you?

Hello. Please send me some of your contact information and I will contact you.

Hello how can I contact you or how can I buy compos ready

Hello Aibek.
Please send your contact details and I will contact you. As for the sale of compost, then I can not help you. It is a long way to bring it from Russia, but I have no information about the production of compost for sale near Kyrgyzstan.
Hello Alexander Vladimirovich. We have a 30 sq. m. (garage) and a height of about 3.5 m. Approximately how many kg of champignons can be collected from this area, and will it be cost-effective?
Hello Alexander Vladimirovich. We have a 47 sq. m, and a height of 3 m (garage) (I made a mistake in the previous post). How many kg of champignons can be harvested from this area per year, and will it be profitable?
Hello Jan.
According to an approximate calculation in your premises, you can collect from 1 ton of champignons per turn. With a very successful outcome of events up to 1.5 tons. This is provided that the garage will be used solely as a grow room. Everything else will be somewhere outside the garage. As for profitability, it is difficult to say without studying the issue. But the fact that you will not be bored to live is 100%. In addition, long breaks in picking mushrooms between rotations are also not in favor of your idea.

Good afternoon
What is the minimum volume of your compost plant in tons and investments?
On used equipment with a briquette machine.

Good afternoon Alexander, I have a room of about 1000 sq.m, on the 3rd floor of the house, I wanted to start growing mushrooms, how can I get your advice?

Hello.
Of course, the 3rd floor does not inspire enthusiasm, but if you send your contacts via feedback and introduce yourself, then I will contact you and we will talk about this topic.

Hello! Your site is very good and very interesting! I would like to ask you! My friend and I have a room of 250 squares, 20 tons of compost are placed there, the greenhouse is fully equipped for growing mushrooms, sales points have already been developed and there is some kind of incomprehensible technologist, hence the question is whether we should take on this business, whether it will make sense and profit, especially since the business is planned to be divided in half, and, accordingly, profit! Do we have any prospects?

20 tons of compost is 4 tons of mushrooms, if there is a place to sell them, then you yourself understand what it is worth. Sales Issue - Most main question, in my opinion .. You need to study the technology yourself, otherwise your whole business will depend on one person, which will necessarily lead to disastrous results .. Again - my opinion ..
Hello Ivan!
On the one hand, with 20 tons of good compost, you can get even more than 4 tons, which the previous comrade writes about. But on the other hand, the presence of only 1 growing chamber can complicate the sale of mushrooms. Since there will be large time intervals in the harvest. Chamber turnover on phase 2 compost is typically 9 weeks, with 8 weeks of caking. And the mushroom picking takes 3.5 weeks. You can calculate how much you will be without mushrooms. Of course, there is a way out, to sell the mushrooms ourselves, without selling them in bulk somewhere. Therefore, in my understanding, the prospect is rather doubtful in terms of the economy. But if this topic warms your soul, why not practice. But get ready that at least the first time, training will be paid.
Good afternoon, Alexander Vladimirovich! I would like to talk to you about growing mushrooms. You have extensive experience in this enterprise, Your advice and opinion will be very important to me! If not difficult, please contact me
tel. 8 988 (viber, whatsapp) or 8 962

There is an opportunity to grow champignons. But there is a problem - how to make compost yourself, how to determine its main indicators, where to find equipment for composting.

I want to grow champignon mushrooms. How many kg per 1m2. grown
About? I want to understand the profitability of growing

Hello Alexander Vladimirovich. I have a building with a gas block of 120 m2 divided into halves of 60m2. the height is 3m.

Hello. The potential yield of a tonne of standard quality phase 2 compost per growing cycle starts from 20% and above. There is enough information about this on my website and in other sources. The maximum can reach above 35%. From 6 tons it turns out from 1200 kg of mushrooms and above. But this is exactly potential and from normal compost. How much you will collect in your particular case - the answer can only be obtained in practice.

We are planning the construction of a compost plant, the need is 1200 tons per year with the prospect of increasing the volume. There is a broiler poultry farm with floor straw content within a radius of 100 km. Railway road motorway. There is a desire for cooperation in training, etc. Sincerely, Anatoly.

Hello Anatoly.
I think that I can be useful to you in the implementation of your plans. In the near future I will contact you at the specified numbers, and we will discuss possible cooperation.
Sincerely, Alexander Vladimirovich
Good afternoon, I want to start my production of champignons, I'm afraid of small things, such as nutrient additives to water, and the power of equipment for supplying air and pumping out carbon dioxide, so I want to take a small room, I understand quite a trifle for you, but I want to start with this, 300-600m2 and I have about 2.5 million investments, the compost will be purchased, if there is a possibility of cooperation in terms of organization or advice, I will be grateful, my mail is @mail.ru
Hello.
My opinion is that it is best for you to start seeing everything "live". I will send the contacts of the production in Kirov to your mail, try to talk to them about visiting their production. True, their priorities regarding training have changed a little, but I think there is a chance to agree. As for cooperation with me, it would be more expedient to talk about this after visiting the mushroom production in the Kirov region.

Good afternoon, Alexander Vladimirovich! Thank you very much for this useful site. I am from Kazakhstan, I have long dreamed of working with champignons. There is a room of 100 sq.m. height 3.8 m. Please tell me about the needs of the ventilation and refrigeration system for this room? At this stage, I stood up a bit. I do not know what to put the coner and ventilation. We are planning for 190-200 km.m. prepare racks for about 19 tons of compost. Compost plan purchased. Can you suggest or recommend companies that sell cover soils, phase 2 composts. my email address:

Hello!
Unfortunately, you didn't introduce yourself, but in any case, I thank you for your kind words about my site and I'm glad that you found it useful.
As for your questions, in fact there are many more of them both in terms of climate and technology.
I offer you this option. Now I am closely cooperating with Uzbekistan. On the outskirts of Tashkent, we are creating a center for practical training in mushroom growing. At the moment we produce compost for ourselves and some for sale. The first batches showed good results, a little more than 20% per ton of phase 2 compost. Considering things like 45 degrees outside, local mycelium, and very cheap options for growing chambers and climate equipment, everyone is happy with this result. Compost buyers are also happy, and this has led to the fact that there is not enough compost for everyone. In August, we begin the construction of a new compost plant using my technology. And almost the whole of August I will be in Tashkent. It would be very helpful for you to meet me in Uzbekistan and discuss your future production in detail, not only on paper and in conversation, but also in practice. But for this you need to contact my partners and discuss your possible arrival. It's not just about money, it's also about time. Quite a lot of Uzbek mushroom growers want to talk with me during this visit. And I'll have to find time for you.
If you are interested in this option, please let me know by feedback on the site, and I will give you the contacts of my partners in Uzbekistan.

I thought about growing champignons, I calculated 2 phases, it takes about a month, during that time we collect 500 kg from 2 tons of compost, we sell in bulk at 50 rubles per kg, it turns out 25.000 rubles per month, something is wrong here) I swim somewhere in that issue

Is there a forum on this topic?

What do you advise beginners to buy ready-sown compost or immediately try to cook your own and sow it yourself?

If the compost is of decent quality and at a reasonable price, then it makes sense to start with growing mushrooms.

HELLO Alexander Vladimirovich God bless you, I would like to study at the training center and also buy compost in Tashkent, with which you cooperate

Hello Alisher! Thank you for the kind words. You will be contacted shortly and you will discuss everything.
Alisher, send your contacts to contact you.

Do you want to start a profitable business that does not require large investments? Growing champignons as a business promises a good and stable income.

You can make money on the sale of the most popular type of mushrooms all year round. The demand for champignons in Russia is constant.

With a fairly simple growing technology, after two months you can get the first profit.

Growing champignons is a promising and profitable direction. Benefits of this business:

the ability to quickly recoup the first investment;
stable income at any time of the year;
simple business system;
the possibility of deducting a single tax of 6%, instead of a number of other taxes;
organization of a mini-farm in your own basement, garage, poultry house or other outbuilding;
available ways to acquire mycelium;
establishment of reliable trade routes.

Where to begin?

First, you should start purchasing soil with mycelium, or purchase mycelium and soil separately. These are fundamental factors, the level of which will affect the degree of profitability of the whole business, so you should not save on them. It is better to buy blanks from trusted companies or mushroom farms.

In order to organize a farm that can freely accommodate 30 tons of land, you will need several rooms with a total area of about 180 - 190 square meters. m.

Secondly, you need to find the right place. There are no strict requirements here: you can rent an empty vegetable base or another building with large dimensions. Sometimes even abandoned mines are used for these purposes, but this option is acceptable for large firms. For a small business, at first, your own cellar will do. Being engaged in its arrangement, it is necessary to provide for constant lighting, thermoregulation, a ventilation and irrigation network.

What can be used as soil?

Experienced farmers are engaged in the preparation of multi-component compost on their own, while having the equipment for crushing, mixing and heat treatment components. As a rule, it includes chopped straw, chicken manure, soil, as well as some mineral additives. Novice businessmen are advised to purchase a finished product, since due to a violation of manufacturing technology, the growth of mushrooms will be sluggish and slow, from which production will be unprofitable.

Popular growing technologies

If you do not know how to grow champignons at home, choose a more convenient and suitable technique from those suggested below.

On the ridges. An ancient and relatively inexpensive way. You only need a film and the actual compost, which is poured onto it in an even layer. The whole process needs manual labor. Therefore, savings on equipment are offset by the cost of staff salaries. The disadvantage is the high risk of infection of fungi with bacteria and infections due to the impossibility of high-quality cleaning between rows.
In briquettes. A more modern technique, during which the mixture is placed in briquettes, compressing it a little at the same time. The blocks prepared in this way are easily moved and transported. The process of care is slightly simplified.
In containers. A favorite technique of Canadian and American farmers is to place mycelial soil in prepared containers. They can be both plastic and natural, for example, wooden boards treated with an anti-mold compound. In this case, the probability of infection of champignons decreases, the yield of the finished product increases, and the whole process is simplified. The disadvantage is a large amount of investment in the purchase of containers.
On shelves . The Dutch prefer to place compost on multi-storey shelves. At the same time, workers have good access to growing mushrooms, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises is also significantly saved.
In bags. If you are familiar with the technology of breeding oyster mushrooms in bags, then this technique will seem familiar to you. The substrate is placed in bags, holes are made for mycelium and hung or placed around the perimeter of the cellar. It is worth noting that the purchase of bags will cost less than containers. Again, the space is used rationally, the risk of infection is minimal.
On automated lines. When planning a large-scale enterprise, one can pay attention to a modern, completely automated method that eliminates the need for manual labor. Expensive equipment independently controls lighting, humidity and temperature, the growth process of champignons.

What initial investment is needed?

Growing champignons as a business will require some initial investment. The volume of investments directly depends on the chosen technology.

You can make approximate calculations based on the materials used in each of them. For growing mushrooms living conditions it is better to refuse to purchase equipment and rent premises, this will significantly reduce the expenditure side.

From the moment the soil is filled with mycelium to the end of the harvest, an average of 8-10 weeks pass. This period is called one cycle. Approximate costs for this period for a farm with manual labor and briquette breeding technology will be about 120 thousand rubles:

30 tons of compost - 30 thousand rubles;
payments to personnel - 15 thousand rubles. based on 4 employees;
rent payment and utilities- a rather individual indicator, which varies depending on the geography of the location.

Estimated Profit Calculation

If we imagine ideal conditions that make it possible to obtain 20% of the harvest from the mass of the purchased material, and also to sell it in full at 100 rubles / kg, then the result will be approximately 600 thousand rubles. for 1 cycle.

That is, 30 tons of raw materials will produce 6 tons of champignons worth 100 rubles per 1 kg and will give the specified income without tax deductions, salaries to employees and payments to utilities.

What are the distribution channels?

The success of the enterprise depends on 50% of the well-established methods of selling the goods produced. These are the most common distribution routes.

Independent trade turnover in the agricultural market. Thus, it is possible to ensure high cost per kg, but at the same time there will be costs for renting a place, a salary for the seller or own time costs.
Sales to wholesalers. You will get the opportunity to sell large quantities, but the price will be below the market.
Sale to supermarkets and restaurants. There is also a possibility of selling a large volume here, but it may be necessary to have a staff unit responsible for interacting with the store administration.

What is needed to complete the activity?

If you decide to engage in the cultivation of champignons for sale on an ongoing basis, it is worth considering that the activity must be formalized properly. The most suitable form of individual entrepreneurship.

For the sale of the manufactured product, the following documents will be required:

special certificate of sanitary service;
declaration of conformity;
protocol of radiological examinations;
Guidelines for the storage and transportation of fresh mushroom products.

The profitability of this idea is undeniable. To acquire special knowledge and skills, information from the Internet will be enough. The payback of a small enterprise is possible in the first cycle, a large automated firm will pay off during the first years of continuous operation. But still, it is better for novice business executives to try their hand at a small form, and with the acquisition of experience and the accumulation of funds, it will be possible to think about expanding.

Or a quick payback is the dream of many people. For those who love to plant and harvest their gardens, there is a great opportunity to "grow" a profitable enterprise that provides a steady income. This is the cultivation of champignons as a business (at home).

Year round business

Mushrooms are a year-round product in demand. From them they prepare delicious dishes and housewives in their kitchens, and chefs in restaurants of any level. For most people, mushrooms are a tasty and healthy product for which they are willing to pay money. For others, growing mushrooms as a business is a source of income.

The process of running a mushroom business is not burdensome, and you can start making profit in two months. The main thing is to decide on the place and volume of the enterprise.

Conditions for doing mushroom business

Like any profitable business, growing champignon mushrooms as a business requires preparation. certain conditions and calculations.

The choice of location can be determined by the following criteria:

For year-round business, you can equip a greenhouse.
If there is a cellar, barn or basement, they can be equipped for a mushroom enterprise.
Seasonal cultivation of champignons - as a business for the spring-summer period: under fruit trees in the open field.

The simplest of them is seasonal cultivation, as it does not require special equipment.

The benefits of mushroom business

The launch of any enterprise should begin with calculations for investment, payback periods and profits. The acquisition of mycelium today is not difficult, as is the search for a market for mushrooms, so the clear advantages of this business are obvious:

Getting the first profit in the third month after laying the mycelium.
Possibility of receiving a constant year-round income.
A simple activity, accessible even to a beginner.
Use of any utility rooms.

The business plan "Cultivation of champignons" should begin with finding and equipping a suitable place.

Greenhouse business

Many gardeners choose to use their greenhouses for a double benefit. They collect mushrooms in them from September to February, and then proceed to plant early vegetables. This approach gives maximum profit, since a higher demand for mushrooms is observed in the autumn-winter period, and for early vegetables - in the spring.

Growing champignons as a business, the reviews of entrepreneurs confirm this, it is better to do it from autumn to spring, since with the advent of vegetables, the demand for mushrooms drops somewhat.

Greenhouse arrangement

For champignons, you can adapt an ordinary film greenhouse or tinker and build it according to the Grachev principle. Glass covers are also suitable. The main thing is that in such rooms it will not be difficult to create the required temperature and humidity, the conditions so necessary for mushrooms.

A greenhouse made of film or polycarbonate is the easiest option for a room so that growing champignons as a business brings less hassle and brings more money.

Stages of arranging a greenhouse:

First of all, you should provide the room with heat. It can be heating with gas or electricity. It is also important to provide good ventilation, as the compost on which mushrooms grow releases carbon dioxide, which must be removed regularly. Enterprising farmers have adapted to plant cucumbers, zucchini and pumpkins in mushroom greenhouses. This makes it possible to spend less time on maintaining the microclimate, as the plants complement each other and coexist perfectly side by side.
Growing champignons as a business gives profitability quickly through the use of shelves. This Dutch method makes the most of the space, leaving room so that the crop can be harvested conveniently and quickly. If it is possible to invest in containers, this will make it easier to care for mushrooms. Containers can be plastic or wooden boxes that are treated with an anti-mould agent.
Soil preparation.

You should invest in the arrangement of a greenhouse if you organize a year-round business. If you correctly draw up and implement a business plan, growing champignon mushrooms in specialized premises provides a quick return on investment and a steady income.

Mushrooms in the cellar

To keep investments in the business minimal, if there is a basement or cellar, you can use their area. Suitable room criteria:

The best option would be a well-cemented floor to make it easier to keep clean and not expose the mycelium to mold infestation.
In order for the cultivation of champignons as a business (reviews, photos of those who are already making a profit confirm this) to give a high income and a bountiful harvest, it is better to equip the room with shelving. They save space and allow planting myceliums with different maturation periods on each tier, which puts the process on stream.
Mushrooms do not need lighting, so it is possible to equip light sufficient for the convenience of those who care for them and harvest them.

Basement equipment for a mushroom farm

Ventilation should be of high quality, not letting in insects, for which a fine mesh is used. At the same time, it is important that there are no drafts, therefore, in addition to hoods, it is appropriate to use fans above the beds or air filters.
Growing champignons as a business also requires constant regulation of humidity and air temperature. It is necessary to equip the room with a hygrometer and a thermometer. To increase the humidity, it is enough to spray the beds and the floor, and to lower it, ventilate or turn on the heating.
If the room is large enough, then it can be divided into a zone for growing mycelium and a department for growing champignons, which will significantly increase productivity and, consequently, profit.
Disinfection of the premises is mandatory before starting work. This can be whitewashing with lime mixed with blue vitriol, spraying with a 4% formalin solution, or fumigation. Mushrooms are sensitive to mold and pathogens, so the crop should be checked, and diseased specimens should be put in a separate container and destroyed.

Growing champignons as a business (reviews on how to grow from other gardeners is confirmation of this) is a matter in which it is recommended to use any room, even one that is not quite suitable at first glance. The main thing is to protect it from drafts, heat, ventilate and protect it from pests and mold. Plants will thank you with a high yield.

Compost preparation

The purchase of mycelium and the preparation of a nutrient medium included in the business plan "Cultivation of champignons" are the most important points in it. The highest yield is obtained if applied to compost. But if this is not possible, then cow or bird droppings will do.

Substrate Ingredients:

horse dung;
straw;
urea;
ammonium sulfate;
superphosphate, chalk or alabaster.

To make good compost, everything should be laid in layers. The straw soaked during the day is laid with the bottom layer, then manure, again swollen straw and manure. There should be 6-8 such layers. When laying, each layer must be watered with warm water.

After 3-4 days, all layers must be mixed, urea and superphosphate should be added to them. After another 3-4 days, mix again and add the remaining ingredients, and so 4-5 times, and only in the last batch, gypsum is added to the nutrient medium.

Planting mycelium

After the compost is “ripe”, it is necessary to add the “seeds” of champignons to it in order to get a mycelium. For 1 m 2 of the nutrient medium, there are 500 g of compost mycelium or 400 g of grain spores.

They sow the substrate, for which they make indentations with a finger at a distance of 20-25 cm, the seed is placed in them. If spores are used for sowing, then it is enough to sprinkle the nutrient medium with them.

The air temperature for the incubation of the mycelium should be +20 ... +27 degrees. When, after 10-12 days, the mycelium begins to actively grow, it should be sprinkled with a mixture of peat, earth and limestone in proportions of 5: 4: 1 and periodically sprayed, preventing the nutrient medium from drying out.

Harvesting

The "mushroom" farmer will be able to harvest his first crop in 35-50 days, given that the compost ripening is 20-25 days. Depending on where the ripening takes place and how well the medium has been prepared, the yield can be either very high or mediocre.

Growing champignons as a business, reviews of experienced "mushroom pickers" confirm this, is a very profitable business, since the fruiting cycle can be made year-round.

The air temperature before the ripening of mushrooms should be +22 ... +26 degrees. If it is hotter, then the champignons will climb up very quickly and will have a small hat on a long stem. Such a product will not be sold. At a temperature of +12 degrees, the mycelium will cease to bear fruit. Therefore, as soon as hats appear and a mushroom smell is felt, the temperature must be reduced to +15 ... +16 degrees.

Collect mushrooms carefully so as not to damage their base. To do this, you need to hold the bottom of the legs and the ground with the fingers of one hand, and separate it from the mycelium with the other with a slight turn. It is necessary to remove all the fruits, even small ones, because if you cut only large mushrooms, the rest stop growing and begin to rot.

It should be borne in mind that with the right approach, you can collect from 5 kg of champignons from 1 m 2 for several cycles. Therefore, when calculating the scale of the business, you should immediately think about how much space to use for it.

Harvest storage

To save harvested crop from a large plantation, when it is difficult to manage in one day, you need to think about refrigerators in advance. Their capacity is calculated from the amount of a kilogram of the finished product from 1 m 2. So, in a room of 30 m 2, it will be an average of 150 kg per day.

Picking mushrooms is a delicate process, and it does not tolerate haste. In addition, the harvested crop should be sorted by quality and size.

Before placing the mushrooms in the refrigerator, they should be slightly cooled in a room with an artificially low temperature.

If for some reason the champignon cap is covered with brown or gray spots, and the leg is twisted, then you need to urgently remove the diseased fungus from the mycelium along with its nearby "relatives". The affected area should be sprinkled with table salt. If these measures are not carried out, then you can infect the entire plantation, and you will have to start the business all over again.

When a disease is detected, it is required to find the source and neutralize it. This can be caused by mold, which is easily fixed. It is advisable to burn rotten mushrooms, and then thoroughly disinfect clothes and hands.

In no case should you use chemicals or poisons from pests. After their use, champignons will become hazardous to health and must be destroyed. It is better to lose a mycelium or several than to risk someone's life.

Mushrooms are not too capricious, so it is enough to be careful about the absence of mold and insects in order to get a prosperous and profitable business.

The finer points of harvesting
Sales of products

Growing champignons - interesting business which many farmers are interested in. This product is highly valued and always in demand among the population. And how fast it grows. From one square meter, with strict observance of technology, up to 20 kilograms of mushrooms are obtained! The mushroom business is superior in profitability to many types of agricultural activities.

Step-by-step plan for starting a mushroom growing business. Where to begin.

It is difficult to oversaturate the mushroom market. According to some reports, middle city with a million inhabitants eats about 20 tons of mushrooms per month (2 tons for every 100 thousand people). It turns out that in the conditions of one city at least two or three very large mushroom enterprises can easily get along. It should be noted that not every major city has a similar production. As a rule, mushrooms are brought from neighboring regions.

"Pitfalls" in cultivation technology

With all the attractiveness of the business, the mushroom business is by no means an easy task. The mountains of gold promised to farmers by suppliers of equipment and mushroom mycelium are mostly an illusion. There are so many examples of how novice farmers went bust in this business. There are too many nuances to consider in order to produce a mushroom. They made a small misfire in something - and there will be no harvest. When growing champignons, a lot is important, from the microclimate to harvesting. In the mycelium, it is necessary to create conditions close to real ones. For example, watering champignons is carried out by spraying, thereby simulating rain. If you simply pour water, the mushroom will not sprout. The temperature and humidity in the room is also extremely important. The optimum temperature for the growth of champignon is 24 degrees with a humidity of the cover layer of 75 - 80%. As a substrate for growing the fungus, horse manure, wheat straw, lime and urea are most often used. Some farmers do not invent anything, but simply buy ready-made soil intended for growing flowers. A big difficulty in growing mushrooms is getting mycelium. The same mother liquor from which mushrooms grow. Unfortunately, it is not possible to grow mushroom mycelium at home, only in the laboratory. A lot of conditions must be met in terms of sterility. Naturally, mycelium needs to be purchased on the side, from specialized companies. And here you need to be a good economist, so as not to miscalculate with the calculations. Approximately 1 kg of mycelium and 6 kg of compost are required per 1 square meter. Buying mycelium will cost 200 rubles, and compost 50 - 100 rubles. If everything is done “according to Feng Shui”, then no more than 4 weeks will pass from the moment of planting the mycelium to harvesting. From one square meter it is realistic to get up to 15 kilograms in 2 - 4 months. For a year, a small farm of 100 square meters can produce up to 6 tons of champignons.

The finer points of harvesting

The main thing is to harvest correctly - the mushroom must be twisted, and not pulled out and not cut with a knife. As a container, it is better to use containers with a capacity of 3 - 4 kg. Store the crop should be at a temperature of 0 - 4 gr. So mushrooms can stay absolutely fresh for up to 12 days.

Sales of products

Mushrooms are in the greatest demand in the winter and spring seasons. But in summer and early autumn, demand drops sharply. The reason for this is the appearance of a forest mushroom, which, of course, is tastier than artificially grown products. There may be problems with the implementation, any farmer will confirm this. The main buyers are food retail chains, which, alas, are reluctant to cooperate, or require exorbitant fees for “shelf space”. Another way of marketing is selling mushrooms to processors, cafes and restaurants or wholesale dealers. Without a special sales department, most likely, you can not do it.

How much money do you need to start and how much can you earn growing champignons

Let's briefly calculate the main income and expenses for growing our mushrooms. I think this is the most interesting point for beginner businessmen. We warn you in advance that the calculations are approximate and cannot accurately reflect the real picture of things. Because too many factors can affect the final profitability indicators (cost of raw materials, heating, selling price, force majeure, etc.). Input data:

Sowing area - 1 chamber per 200 m2
Type of property - own heated premises
Number of permanent employees - 4 people.

Estimated initial investment:

Growing equipment (racks, boxes, watering) - 200,000 rubles.
Installation of an air conditioning and ventilation system - 250,000 rubles.
Lighting - 30 000 rubles.
Refrigerators - 100,000 rubles.
Purchase of mycelium and compost (for a year) - 200,000 rubles.
Other expenses - 50,000 rubles.

Total - 830,000 rubles. Fixed monthly expenses:

Utility payments - 12,000 rubles.
Salary and insurance contributions - 100,000 rubles.
Pesticides, film, paper - 15,000 rubles.
Other expenses - 10,000 rubles.

Total for 12 months - 1,644,000 rubles. Income:

With an output of 15 kg / m2 from 200 squares, we collect 36,000 kg of mushrooms per year.
The wholesale selling price is 150 rubles/kg.
Annual revenue - 5,400,000 rubles.
Net profit for the year - 3,756,000 rubles. (excluding taxes)

As can be seen from the calculations, investments pay off actually from the first harvest. However, this is a very optimistic forecast, which does not take into account possible crop losses (for example, due to errors in cultivation technology). Experienced farmers can get a high yield, but beginners - not a fact. Another reason for monetary losses may be the banal lack of distribution channels for products. This happens when the target goes to several large buyers, and as a result, they refuse to take the products. In addition, in the initial investment, we did not include the cost of arranging the premises and its repair. That is, we got the sown areas ready. In practice, this happens very rarely. A novice farmer will most likely have to place production either in a rented room or build his own building, which will significantly increase the initial investment (up to 5-6 million rubles). In this case, the optimal payback can be considered 1.5 - 2 years, with strict observance of the mushroom cultivation technology.

What equipment to choose for growing champignons

enough to open profitable business associated with the cultivation of champignons, first of all, you need to take care of the equipment that is required for this process. This may be a ready-made room in which everything you need is located. If you do not have the opportunity to purchase an already equipped place, then you should place the following equipment in it for growing champignons:

air conditioning and ventilation system (for temperature control);
refrigerating chambers (used for further cooling of products);
steam generators and water heating boilers (to generate required amount thermal energy);
lighting systems.