Plan for profiling unemployed citizens by groups. On approval of the technology (procedure) of the work of specialists in organizing and conducting special events for profiling unemployed citizens. Profile group settings

G. A. Zavodovsky, S. I. Matveeva

Office of the Federal State Employment Service
in the Republic of Karelia, Petrozavodsk
depzan @ onego . en

The introduction of the profiling procedure for unemployed citizens in Karelia began in December 2003, when the republican employment service developed and approved the “Temporary procedure for the work of specialists of the employment center in organizing and conducting profiling of unemployed citizens”, four “pilot” employment centers were identified (Petrozavodsk, Kondopozhsky and Sortavalsky city, as well as Pryazhinskiy district), which began its practical implementation in 2004.

Taking into account the positive work experience, as well as the automation of the procedure for profiling unemployed citizens in software complex"Catharsis" from the IV quarter of 2004, the technology of profiling was introduced in other centers of employment of the population of the republic.

During 2005, profiling in the republic covered 32,265 people, which amounted to 99.2% of all citizens recognized as unemployed in this period.

The main reason for the fairly rapid introduction of profiling technology into the practice of the republican employment service was the growing difficulties in finding a significant part of the unemployed, due, on the one hand, to the growing requirements for the quality of the labor force in the labor market, and on the other hand, the inability of the employment service to quickly and efficiently investigate the main object of its activity - unemployed citizens.

In this regard, it should be recalled that the most important principles of organizing work in employment centers to promote employment are an individual approach to unemployed citizens and minimizing the time for their employment.

At the same time, the centers have a number of areas of work aimed at accelerated psychological, social, professional and labor rehabilitation of the unemployed, namely: psychological support and professional orientation; training, retraining and advanced training; organization of public works; organization of temporary employment of citizens experiencing difficulties in finding work; social adaptation; promotion of self-employment.

The process of profiling unemployed citizens has become the technological basic link, uniting the above principles of organization and direction of work of the centers into a single whole. The Law of the Russian Federation "On Employment of the Population in Russian Federation» the term «profiling» is defined as «the distribution of unemployed citizens into groups depending on the profile of their previous professional activity level of education, gender, age and other socio-demographic characteristics in order to provide them with the most effective assistance in facilitating employment, taking into account the current situation in the labor market.

In practical terms, the profiling procedure represents a technology for identifying the position of an unemployed citizen in the labor market (by questioning) and choosing the most suitable program for the further work of the center for his social, professional and labor rehabilitation.

The distribution of unemployed citizens by profile groups is carried out taking into account individual characteristics that reflect their potential and motivation for employment. In the integrated view, profile groups look like this:

group "A"- the most active in job search citizens with a high level of professional demand and motivation to work;

group "BP"- citizens with high motivation to work, but limited professional demand;

group "BM"- citizens with high professional demand, but weak motivation to work;

group "B"- very passive unemployed, unclaimed in the labor market.

Profiling conducted in 2005 in the Republic of Karelia showed that the vast majority of the unemployed belong to the “BP” and “B” groups (79.5%) and need the employment service to implement additional measures to adapt them to the requirements of the labor market . The distribution of unemployed citizens by profile groups in 2005 is shown in Figure 1.

Rice. 1. Distribution of unemployed citizens by profile groups

In the context of districts, the distribution of unemployed citizens by profile groups for 2005 is presented in Table 1.

The presented distribution of unemployed citizens clearly shows the presence of significant territorial differences profile composition of unemployed citizens. This is especially noticeable in the proportion of unemployed citizens with a profile group "B". In relatively prosperous regions of the republic (the cities of Petrozavodsk, Kostomuksha, Sortavala), this share did not exceed a quarter of unemployed citizens. An increase in the share of the unemployed of group "B" by two or more times was observed in areas where unemployment took on a long-term, stagnant character, which, of course, affected the growth in the share of passive unemployed citizens (Kalevalsky, Loukhsky, Belomorsky, Muezersky districts), or in areas where where there are jobs at the leading city-forming enterprises that are inaccessible for various reasons for a significant part of the unemployed citizens (Suoyarvsky, Segezhsky, Kondopozhsky districts).
Table 1

GU CZN	Recognized as unemployed
	Total, people	of which a profile group has been assigned
		Total		including by groups
		people	%*	BUT		BP		bm		AT
				people	%**	people	%**	people	%**	people	%**
Belomorsky district	2637	2633	99,8	48	1,8	1000	38,0	405	15,4	1180	44,8
Kalevalsky national district	1255	1200	95,6	16	1,3	410	34,2	154	12,8	620	51,7
Kemsky district	1387	1367	98,6	42	3,1	766	56,0	275	20,1	284	20,8
Kondopoga district	2696	2696	100,0	129	4,8	1008	37,4	314	11,6	1245	46,2
Kostomuksha	810	782	96,5	36	4,6	417	53,3	163	20,8	166	21,2
Lahdenpohsky district	425	411	96,7	9	2,2	173	42,1	97	23,6	132	32,1
Loukhsky district	1657	1595	96,3	18	1,1	655	41,1	205	12,9	717	45,0
Medvezhyegorsk district	2233	2224	99,6	39	1,8	1280	57,6	322	14,5	583	26,2
Muezersky district	947	946	99,9	4	0,4	193	20,4	244	25,8	505	53,4
Olonetsky district	1361	1359	99,9	45	3,3	687	50,6	139	10,2	488	35,9
Petrozavodsk	5726	5726	100,0	123	2,1	2528	44,1	1729	30,2	1346	23,5
Pitkyarantsky district	1692	1692	100,0	30	1,8	744	44,0	303	17,9	615	36,3
Prionezhsky district	1306	1306	100,0	101	7,7	667	51,1	173	13,2	365	27,9
Pryazhinsky district	887	887	100,0	11	1,2	376	42,4	127	14,3	373	42,1
Pudozhsky district	3423	3400	99,3	26	0,8	1728	50,8	521	15,3	1125	33,1
Segezhsky district	2494	2480	99,4	31	1,3	608	24,5	404	16,3	1437	57,9
Sortavala	1047	1047	100,0	12	1,1	537	51,3	253	24,2	245	23,4
Suojärvi district	532	514	96,6	7	1,4	149	29,0	34	6,6	324	63,0
Republic of Karelia	32515	32265	99,2	727	2,3	13926	43,1	5862	18,2	11750	36,4

* The share of recognized unemployed, having a profile group, of the total number of recognized unemployed in the reporting period in the region.

** The share of the unemployed with a specific profile group out of the total number of recognized unemployed with a profile group in the reporting period in the district.

The heterogeneity of regional labor markets emphasizes the state of the republican bank of vacancies. During 2005, the authorities public service employment of the population, employers announced 36,943 vacancies, of which 11,057 units (29.9%) - as part of the implementation of active employment programs. In a number of districts with a high level of unemployment (Belomorsky, Kalevalsky, Muezersky, Pudozhsky), the share of such temporary vacancies exceeded 50%. Information about the vacancies declared to the bodies of the republican employment service in 2005 is presented in Figure 2.

Rice. 2. Information about vacancies declared to the bodies of the republican
employment services in 2005

Human Resources in the registered labor market, taking into account the fundamental features of profile groups, can be represented as two generalized groups.

The first has a professional potential and does not require additional costs for assistance in finding employment (profile groups "A" + "BM"). Mostly (about 70%) they are urban dwellers. In the registered labor market, the share of unemployed citizens representing a professional human resource, on average in the republic, amounted to 20.5% in 2005 (Kostomuksha - 25.4%, Petrozavodsk - 32.3%, Sortavala - 25, 3%).

727 people, or 2.3% of the number of those recognized as unemployed (in the context of districts - from 0.4 to 7.7%) were classified as the most active and in demand in the labor market citizens (group "A"). The small number of this group is natural, since the probability of employment of competitive citizens in the first ten days from the moment of applying to the employment service (before being assigned the status of unemployed) is quite high. So, in 2005, it was recognized as unemployed from the number of people who applied to the employment service (excluding minors, participants in the Labor Adaptation program) in the cities: Petrozavodsk - 65.2%, Sortavala - 58.6%, Kostomuksha - 70.7% , in Lakhdenpokh district - 63.1%. These indicators indirectly confirm that 30-40% job seekers citizens found a job in the first ten days from the date of applying to the service. In areas with a high level of unemployment, the proportion of citizens recognized as unemployed is much higher: in the Kalevalsky national region - 92.9%, in the Belomorsky region - 93%, in the Pudozh region - 88.9%. It can be assumed that in these areas, only 7-12% of job-seekers found work in the first ten days from the moment they applied to the service. In this regard, it would be logical to see a larger group "A" among the unemployed in these areas, but the profiling results do not reveal this. Thus, we can conclude that either active citizens who are in demand on the labor market in areas with a high level of unemployment and a limited number of vacancies look for work on their own, without contacting the employment center for assistance, or working citizens are more cautious about changing jobs. and do not go out open market labor.

5,862 people, or 18.2%, were classified as unemployed citizens with professional potential, but a weakened motivation to work (BM group) (from 6.6 to 30.2% in the context of districts). It should be noted that the share of citizens who have professional skills, but are in no hurry to resume their labor activity, is significantly higher than the national average in regions with a favorable situation on the labor market. For example, in the city of Petrozavodsk (36% of all vacancies declared in the republic), the share of the unemployed of the “BM” group reached 30.2%, in the border areas with an established border business, it was 24.2% in the city of Sortavala, in the city of Kostomuksha - 20.8%, in Lakhdenpokh region - 23.6%.

The second generalized group is the unemployed, who are not in demand on the labor market due to their low professional potential and who require significant expenses from the employment authorities (profile groups “BP” + “V”). Of these, those wishing to find a job (“BP” group) made up the largest group - 43.1% (13,926 people), including 51.9% (7,230 people) aged 16-29 years. Those with low motivation to work (group "B") - 36.4% (11750 people), of which aged 16-29 years - 37.0% (4348 people). As a result, in all centers, unemployed citizens with low professional potential made up the absolute majority of the number of registered unemployed. The task of the employment service is to bring the employment potential of such clients as close as possible to the level of those who successfully look for work on their own through an active policy.

The distribution of unemployed citizens, united by the presence or absence of professional potential, by regions is shown in Figure 3.

Rice. 3. Distribution of unemployed citizens by generalized groups
in 2005

The presented data clearly shows that the share of unemployed citizens with a fairly high professional potential, although higher in areas with a favorable situation than in areas with a difficult situation on the labor market, but this difference is insignificant. The main clients of the employment service in all districts are unemployed citizens who are not in demand on the labor market due to their low professional level.

The research results show that profiling is not only a technology for "sorting" unemployed citizens for the purpose of organizing further work with them, but also a procedure that underlies the formation of an information base for analyzing the real state of affairs in the labor market and, accordingly, at the heart of the development and implementation of optimal measures aimed at stabilizing the situation with unemployment. At the same time, it should be noted that the assignment of unemployed citizens to one or another socio-psychological group, of course, has some error, the value of which is determined by subjective factors (experience of specialists, behavior of clients, etc.). As practice shows, this error decreases with the accumulation of experience in the work of employment centers and the improvement of the methodological support of the program by the Office.

The degree of impact of any technology on a particular process is characterized by the changes that it has on the final result. In our situation, when the profiling technology worked for one year, it is very difficult to fully assess the degree of impact of the profiling process on improving the quality indicators of the work of the employment service. However, if we take as a criterion for assessing changes over the period 2004-2005. a number of indicators characterizing the quality of intermediary services, the following dynamics is obtained:

• 
  the average duration of registered unemployment in 2005 was 4.08 months, which is 0.16 months. less than for the corresponding period of 2004 (4.24 months);
• 
  in 2005, the proportion of unemployed citizens who were employed within 1 to 4 months from the date they were granted the status of unemployed (% of the total number of unemployed citizens who found work in a year) increased compared to 2004 in regions of the republic with more favorable market conditions labor:

• 
  in Petrozavodsk – by 0.5%;
• 
  in Kostomuksha – by 5.8%;
• 
  in the Kemsky district - by 3.7%;
• 
  in Lakhdenpokh district - by 1.5%;
• 
  in Olonetsky district - by 0.9%;
• 
  in Pitkyaranta district - by 5.8%;
• 
  in the Prionezhsky district - by 4.8%;
• 
  in the Pryazha district - by 6.3%;

• 
  in 2005, the share of unemployed citizens who were employed within 4 to 8 months from the date they were assigned the status of unemployed (% of the total number of unemployed citizens who found work in a year) increased by 5.8% on average in the republic compared to 2004 .

The positive impact of the application of the profiling procedure on the organization of work to assist in the employment of unemployed citizens indirectly confirms the fact that with the help of the employment service, despite the continuing problems in the regional labor market, in 2005 14,215 unemployed citizens found a profitable job, which is almost 12% higher than in 2004 (12,766 people), when profiling technology was used only in four centers, and 17% higher than in 2003 (11,815 people).

R
The results of work with unemployed citizens in 2005 in the context of profile groups are shown in Figures 4-7.

Rice. 4. Results of the work 5. Results of the work

with the unemployed group "A" with the unemployed group "BM"

Rice. 6. Results of the work 7. Results of the work

with the unemployed of the "BP" group with the unemployed of the "B" group
As can be seen from the above data, for all groups, with the exception of group "B", it was possible to provide assistance in employment (employment and vocational training and retraining) to over 55% of unemployed citizens, which in itself is a good result.

In conclusion, it should be noted that in addition to improving the quality of intermediary services, the introduction of profiling technology in the Republic of Karelia has created the basis of an analytical base for the development of regional and republican programs to promote employment of the population for 2007-2010. A tool has been tested that makes it possible to identify the most vulnerable categories of the unemployed at a fairly early date, with whom active labor market policy should primarily be aimed.

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2.4. Organization and holding of special events for the profiling of unemployed citizens

In order to improve the efficiency of the work of the bodies of the employment service to assist in finding employment, unemployed citizens are divided into profile groups. When distributing by profile groups, the demand on the labor market for the profession and qualifications that the unemployed have, the degree of motivation for labor activity, socio-demographic and other characteristics.

Profiling of the unemployed is carried out in accordance with the developed methodological recommendations for its organization and conduct. The profiling methodology provides for procedures for identifying problem categories with a high risk of long-term unemployment at an early stage, involving them in special programs that are selected taking into account the individual characteristics of the unemployed and are designed to focus the efforts of the unemployed and employees of public employment services on increasing its competitiveness in the labor market.

As a rule, distribution is carried out according to four profile groups (in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation - into 3-9 groups). Group A includes unemployed citizens who are highly motivated to work, are in demand on the labor market and are ready to start working as soon as possible.

Group B includes unemployed citizens who are highly motivated to work, who are ready to start working as soon as possible, but who are in low demand in the labor market, because they have low qualifications or an unclaimed profession.

Unemployed citizens included in group "B" have a high employment potential (in demand in the labor market) and low motivation to work. As a rule, citizens of this group are not ready to start work in the shortest possible time.
Profiling groups for unemployed citizens

Group	Motivation to work	Ready to get started	in demand n awn in the labor market
BUT	+	+	+
B	+	+	-
AT	-	-	+
G	-	-	-

Group "G" includes citizens with low motivation to work and unclaimed in the labor market. In most cases, unemployed citizens of the “G” group do not want to work, but are interested in a long-term stay in the status of the unemployed in order to receive social benefits.

The distribution of citizens by profile groups, analysis of the composition of these groups makes it possible to identify the causes of their unemployment and plan a set of measures to promote employment for each category of the unemployed, especially for those who are in the most vulnerable position in the labor market, apply an individual approach to recipients of public services in the field of employment.

In order to improve the effectiveness of work to assist in finding employment for the unemployed included in group "A", as a rule, the following are offered: public services: selection of a suitable job, participation in job fairs, informing about the possibility of starting your own business, services to promote self-employment, etc.

Taking into account, as a rule, the low qualifications of unemployed citizens included in group “B”, in addition to the above listed services, they are offered vocational training and advanced training services.

Unemployed citizens included in group "B" are offered, first of all, services for social adaptation, measures for psychological support in order to correct motivation for work, group vocational counseling, participation in active employment policy programs, an individual job search plan is developed, etc.

Unemployed citizens included in the “G” group are offered informational consultations on legal protection, the choice of the sphere of professional activity, the development of an employment strategy, participation in paid public works, psychological support, etc.

It should be noted that this work conducted in most subjects of the Russian Federation quite actively.

Thus, for example, an analysis of measures for profiling unemployed citizens showed that in the first half of 2010, in Tomsk region all citizens who were duly recognized as unemployed underwent the profiling procedure. Highest value the indicator of coverage by the profiling procedure of unemployed citizens in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is noted in Republics of Karelia, Mari El Republic,Udmurtia,Arkhangelsk,Bryansk,Kaliningrad,Orlovskaya,Chelyabinsk regions.

The Republic of Mordovia, Kurgan, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Smolensk regions etc.) activities for profiling unemployed citizens became organizationally more streamlined with the introduction of a single Technology for all employment centers (Regulations, Temporary Order, methodological recommendations, etc.).

In the subjects of the Russian Federation ( The Republic of Khakassia,Stavropol region,Irkutsk,Omskareas, etc.) profiling of unemployed citizens is carried out in two stages. At the same time, if at the first stage (primary profiling) the procedure for assessing the risk of long-term unemployment is carried out on the basis of determining the employment potential, motivation for employment and determining the profile group most suitable for this unemployed citizen, then at the second stage (secondary profiling) the profile group of the unemployed person is clarified citizen, development of an individual strategy to promote his employment, formation individual plan events. So, for example, in Omsk region secondary profiling is carried out at least once every three months.

The optimization of time spent on profiling was facilitated by the automation of this process. So, for example, in Astrakhan and Volgograd regions a computer system for profiling unemployed citizens has been introduced. AT Kurgan and Tomsk regions a computerized version of the survey is used to determine the profile group. AT Rostov region The results of the survey are entered into a computer.

It is of interest to automate part of the profiling procedures in Voronezh region.The result of each profiling stage is noted in the citizen's electronic record card. Software and technical the complex allows you to control the work of specialists of employment centers for profiling unemployed citizens.

In a number of subjects of the Russian Federation ( Perm region and Moscow city) work is underway to introduce an automated profiling option.

The work on profiling unemployed citizens has a positive effect on increasing the efficiency of the employment service - the level of employment is growing, measures of an active employment policy and programs to reduce tension in the labor market are selected taking into account the individual characteristics of an unemployed citizen and, accordingly, employment problems are solved more effectively. So, for example, in the first half of 2010, among those who underwent profiling, the proportion of citizens who found work increased and amounted to Novosibirsk region-84.7%, in Republic of Mari El – 51,0 %.

Profiling the unemployed and taking timely measures for their speedy employment reduces the risk of long-term unemployment, optimizes costs and improves the efficiency of the employment service.

Experience of Russian regions: Moscow, Saratov, YaroslavlOn profiling the unemployed by groups in current legislation about employment

At present, when the duration of the period of unemployment tends to increase, and the quality and quantity of vacancies in local labor markets leave much to be desired, employment services are experiencing difficulties in finding employment certain categories unemployed citizens. In this regard, the task of constructing individual work with each unemployed citizen, taking into account his professional demand in the labor market and the degree of motivation for work, i.e., the organization of the work of employment centers for profiling the unemployed by groups.

Background

Working in the state employment service since its inception, I have the opportunity to personally observe all stages of its activities, directly related to changes in the national and regional labor market. The beginning of the 1990s was characterized by a relatively small number of unemployed, a significant part of which were laid-off engineering and technical workers and employees. The mid-1990s were distinguished by approximately the same number of people laid off own will and dismissed in connection with the liquidation of the enterprise, downsizing or staff. Citizens who had not worked for a long time began to apply to the employment service. Having heard about the existence of such a service, where unemployment benefits are paid along with additional payments for dependents and at the same time seniority is maintained, citizens who have not worked for years poured into employment agencies. At the same time, the situation on the labor market continued to worsen. The end of the decade was marked by a sharp decline in production, a significant reduction in the total number of jobs, rising unemployment, and exacerbation of social tension. The main goals of the state employment service were to assist in finding employment for citizens applying for help in finding a job, and social support especially needy categories of the population. Starting from 1999, when economic growth began, the number of vacancies in many regions of Russia began to increase. This has led to the fact that people have the opportunity to choose a place of work. As a result, the number of citizens applying to the employment services has decreased, and the number of registered unemployment by the end of 2000 has sharply decreased. These phenomena were not long in affecting the structure of unemployed citizens and the qualitative composition of job seekers. The most mobile, trained part of them quickly found employment and was removed from the register, those who either could not or were in no hurry to start work remained. It was in 2000 that we, specialists from the Samara Regional Employment Service, first heard about profiling programs. In July of the same year, the Action Plan and the main measures of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of social policy and modernization of the economy for 2000–2001 were approved. (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 26.07.00 No. 1072-r “On Approval of the Action Plan of the Government of the Russian Federation in the Field of Social Policy and Modernization of the Economy for 2000–2001”). In the sections on labor relations and employment of the population, new approaches to the work of the employment service with citizens who turn to it for help are defined, in particular, concerning “the introduction of effective mechanisms for conducting an active policy of employment of the population, including profiling the unemployed”. Relevant items have been included as mandatory in the federal and regional programs to promote employment of the population for 2002-2005. In the context of the labor shortage that has arisen, the quality and speed of assistance provided to job seekers by the employment service have become increasingly important.

In March 2001, an article by specialists from the St. Petersburg Employment Service A. Solovyov and I. Sholokhov “Profiling the unemployed” was published in the journal “Chelovek i Trud”. based on the potential for employment and the degree of motivation of labor activity), providing for each of them specific types of assistance. When profiling the unemployed, service specialists already in the process of initial admission, re-registration, vocational counseling, career guidance and other procedures need to determine their professional demand in the labor market, the degree of motivation to work and include in the appropriate socio-psychological group. A task next stage- selection of activities that are most effective for working with each of these groups. As a result of primary profiling, each of those who applied to the employment service falls into one of three socio-psychological groups: “A” - those with high employment potential, ready to start working in sufficient short term. The duration of their unemployment usually does not exceed one month. The assistance of the employment service to citizens from group “A” consists primarily in the priority provision of a set of necessary services to assist in finding a job (employment in existing vacancies, career guidance services, vocational training, subsidies for starting one’s own business, creating additional ones, including (specialised, jobs, etc.). “B” – persons with an average employment potential, generally ready for work, but experiencing difficulties in finding a job. The duration of their unemployment is not more than four months. For people with a weakened motivation to work (group “B”), other measures are needed: on the one hand, they increase motivation to work, and on the other hand, increase the potential for employment (psychological support, information about the state of the labor market, about available vacancies, inclusion in programs for social adaptation “ New start”, “Club of job seekers”, referral to quota jobs, attraction to guaranteed job interviews and job fairs and training places). “B” - all the rest with low employment potential, not ready to start working immediately. These are, as a rule, future long-term unemployed (registered for more than four months). For citizens from group “B”, with low employment potential and motivation to work, first of all, psychological support, involvement in social adaptation programs “New Start”, “Job Seekers Club”, referral to public Works, or, as an alternative, - registration of an early pension. Unfortunately, the authors of the article did not consider any proposals regarding additions and changes to the current employment legislation in terms of profiling programs.

Experience of Russian regions: Moscow, Saratov, Yaroslavl

Employment Assistance Program for the City of Moscow for 2002–2005 (Decree of the Government of Moscow dated July 16, 2002 No. 548-PP “On the Program for the Promotion of Employment of the Population of the City of Moscow for 2002–2005”) provides for the introduction of new technologies into the practice of career guidance; improvement of services for psychological support and social adaptation of citizens; participation in the development and implementation of effective mechanisms for profiling unemployed citizens; orientation of employment programs and material support to the most vulnerable categories of unemployed citizens (according to the results of profiling).

Terms and stages of the implementation of the program to promote employment of the population
Moscow for 2002–2005:
the first stage - 2002–2003,
second stage - 2004–2005

To increase the effectiveness of state programs to promote employment of the population, it is planned to carry out phased measures to introduce effective mechanisms for profiling unemployed citizens.

In the medium term, it is planned to introduce new methodologies for the payment of unemployment benefits in order to achieve a closer link between the payment of benefits and profiling results.

Over the past two years, the Saratov region has managed to significantly increase the number of applications to the employment service, including the unemployed. This was facilitated by the expansion of public awareness, the creation of independent job search centers, and a variety of programs that increase the possibility of employment of the unemployed population. The specialists of the service had serious concerns that with the abolition of some of them and a significant reduction in funding from federal budget certain results achieved in 2001 will fall sharply, which could lead to an increase in unemployment.

In this regard, the employment centers were tasked with increasing the number of citizens who will be assisted in finding employment by increasing the efficiency of their work. To this end, the Department identified three main centers of employment for the development of technologies for profiling unemployed citizens prone to long-term unemployment, strengthening interaction with employers. After testing in the head centers, these technologies will be introduced in other centers of the region, depending on the structure of registered unemployed and the situation on the labor market.

In 2003, the specialists of the Federal State Social Protection Fund for the Yaroslavl Region developed a methodological manual “Technology of the work of employment service specialists in organizing and conducting profiling of unemployed citizens”. As it is clear from this manual, the technology was developed in accordance with the current legislation on employment and contains forms of questionnaires, the structure of the analysis of motivation for employment, signs of determining profile groups, the main methods of working on them, as well as areas of interaction with a citizen.

On profiling the unemployed by groups in the current employment legislation

It should be noted that the Action Plan of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of social policy and modernization of the economy for 2000-2001, approved. By order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1072-r dated July 26, 2000, the Ministry of Labor of Russia was instructed to develop effective mechanisms for implementing an active employment policy, including profiling unemployed citizens. In this regard, in April 2001, the Ministry of Labor of Russia turned to the territorial employment agencies with a request to submit their proposals aimed at determining methods and forms of work with citizens with various opportunities to return to employment, and developing technologies for the work of the employment service with these citizens.

The proposals were to contain:

1) a list of groups of citizens seeking work, depending on the opportunities they have to return to employment, and the criteria for classifying these citizens as different groups;

2) list of services ( special programs) upon return to work and the conditions for their provision for various groups of citizens seeking work;

3) technologies for working with various groups of citizens;

4) proposals for introducing amendments and additions to the legislation on employment, providing for the profiling of the unemployed by groups.

By the way, to say...

In many Western countries, the profiling system is quite well developed. It is fundamental at the first stages of work with people who have lost their jobs, and is widely used to quickly find work for citizens who are striving to get it, and to separate them from those who are psychologically inclined to receive the status of “long-term” unemployed and have little prospects in terms of employment. .In the US, employment functions are performed by the Worker Profiling and Return Service (WPRS). The unemployed, who often lose their jobs and are eligible for unemployment benefits, are profiled when they first register for benefits. Profiling is based on a statistical model that estimates the likelihood that a job seeker will exhaust eligibility. The model contains the following variables: level of education, length of service, changes in past employment, and local unemployment rate. The profiled are eligible to receive services for them in job search assistance programs, but this does not give any advantage in retraining programs, as they are more expensive.

In Belgium, action planning is done for clients with 10 months of unemployment. The plan helps them stay in touch with the labor market at a critical point in their unemployment and is mandatory. Refusal to participate in the preparation of the plan entails the application of sanctions in the form of deprivation of benefits. Initially, the situation in which the unemployed person found himself is determined and an assessment is made of his opportunities for reintegration into the labor market. Then a specific action plan is prepared, taking into account age, professional competence and other factors. The plan has a list of measures: participation in job search consultations, vocational training, employment subsidies. The UK Employment Service has approved a standard set of regular interventions during the period of unemployment. During the initial job interview, the job seeker and counselor agree on a “back to work” plan that contains many activities that improve job prospects. The conclusion of such an agreement is a sine qua non condition for receiving the “job seeker's allowance”. After 13 weeks of unemployment, the action plan may be revised. After 6 months, the unemployed person is required to take part in an interview under the "New Start" program with further repetitions every 6 months. During the interview, job search strategies and training opportunities are considered. After the period of unemployment has exceeded 2 years, the unemployed person is required to attend a two-week “New Start” course.

In addition, it was supposed to present methodological recommendations developed and used in the work of employment centers for working with various categories of citizens, technologies for the work of employment centers and other teaching materials that could be used to improve legislative framework and regulatory framework in the field of employment.

The Department of the Federal State Social Protection Fund for the Samara Region, in response to the above letter from the Ministry of Labor, submitted its proposals. So, specialists of the employment service of the Samara region considered it expedient to carry out profiling of the unemployed in the following groups:

group 1 - citizens who can and want to start working if there are vacancies. These citizens have specialties or professions that are competitive in the labor market, they are psychologically ready to start working, and for their employment only the selection of appropriate vacancies is required;

group 2 - citizens who can and want to start working, but their employment requires an internship at the workplace or the organization of a short training;

group 3 - citizens who can only be employed after serious training and psychological support measures to adapt to labor market conditions;

group 4 - citizens who are not psychologically ready to start working, and whose education does not meet the real requirements of the labor market.

To provide effective assistance to citizens upon their return to work, it is necessary, first of all, to build an appropriate work technology. According to the specialists of the Samara Employment Service, this technology should provide:

- individual approach to each unemployed person, based on his psychological and professional features;

– organizing the reception of the unemployed according to professional and qualification categories, age groups, belonging to the category of citizens in need of social protection(especially the disabled);

- organizing special training for employees who receive the unemployed;

– access for the unemployed who want to work to operational information as vacancies become available, and not as the deadline for control appearances (dates of re-registration) comes.

Only in 2003, Russian legislators made additions to Art. 14 of the Law of the Russian Federation of April 19, 1991 No. 1032-1 “On Employment in the Russian Federation” (hereinafter referred to as the Law on Employment), expanding the activities of the state aimed at promoting “full, productive and freely chosen employment of the population”, such a position as “ introduction of effective mechanisms for conducting an active policy of employment of the population, including the organization and conduct of special events for the profiling of unemployed citizens”. Here is a brief definition of profiling as the distribution of unemployed citizens into groups depending on the profile of their previous professional activity, level of education, gender, age and other socio-demographic characteristics in order to provide them with the most effective assistance in facilitating employment, taking into account the current situation in the labor market .

And again, we have to regret that we, specialists of the state employment service, have nothing constructive, normatively fixed in relation to the profiling of unemployed citizens, in new edition They did not receive the Employment Law. Nevertheless, this fact should not be regarded as a reason for despondency. On the contrary, I believe that we should sum up intermediate results and formulate our proposals.

Summing up, we can say with confidence that the work on organizing the profiling of categories of the unemployed in Russia is slowly but surely progressing. In many territorial employment agencies, specialists are trying to introduce certain elements of profiling into their work. There are certain attempts to build their own system, including the basic procedures for the initial application of a citizen to the registration service as unemployed, etc. However, all this, in my opinion, is superficial, fragmented, since today the specialists of the state employment service do not have the most important thing - regulatory framework for profiling unemployed citizens. I foresee surprise, indignation and others negative emotions related to the denial of my statement, because here the already formed stereotype is triggered that profiling is the lot of only professional consultants. I believe that determining which group our client belongs to is only the first step in this direction. Behind the definition of the group is the determination of the scope of services for each individual citizen who applied to the employment service. This is directly related to the choice of the active employment policy program, and to the measure of material support during the period of unemployment.

It is necessary to fix the deadlines for conducting a mandatory in-depth interview of each unemployed citizen in order to choose a job search strategy - upon registration, after 3 months of unemployment, after 6 months, etc. In addition, it is extremely important when and under what conditions the results of the interview can serve as the basis for determining the scope of services provided by the employment service. These positions are directly related to the rights, duties and responsibilities of both unemployed citizens and employment service specialists. By and large, it is necessary to decide on what conditions an unemployed citizen will take part in the profiling program - optional or mandatory, and based on this, build further relations with the employment service.

The first registration of job seekers at the employment service is a highlight for the potential unemployed person and the center's specialist. For all categories of Russian citizens, regardless of whether they become long-term unemployed or not, the full range of services offered by the employment service is provided. But the role of the employment service is not only to provide relevant services as such, but also to play a major role in maintaining and developing links between all elements of labor market policy.

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Profiling the unemployed - the basis for the implementation of an active employment policy

labor law

Profiling the unemployed - the basis for the implementation of an active employment policy

The priority direction of state policy in the labor market is the development and implementation of active programs to assist the unemployed in finding work and assistance in finding employment, in increasing the competitiveness of the unemployed in the local labor market. For the constant growth of the effectiveness of this assistance, the development and use of modern methods of working with the unemployed is required. As international experience and practice of employment services in some Russian regions show, profiling of the unemployed is one of the promising directions activities of the employment service. Profiling is a system of dividing the unemployed into categories, or groups, according to possible risk long-term unemployment. It is assessed on the basis of the individual characteristics of the unemployed, which reflect the potential for employment and motivation to work. In order to increase this potential for those groups of citizens whose assistance from the employment service is cost-effective under given resource constraints, the most preferable active employment programs are determined. The Center for Economic and Financial Research and Development of the Russian Federation conducted a selective analysis of the technologies used in the employment authorities of the pilot regions for working with unemployed citizens and the accepted procedure for including the unemployed in active employment programs. The pilot regions include the Republic of Karelia, Chelyabinsk, Moscow, Omsk and Voronezh regions. The staff of the center conducted a series of interviews with specialists from employment centers in these regions, studied the methods and information materials that reveal the technologies used. A special questionnaire was also prepared, the questions of which are aimed at identifying the practice of working with unemployed citizens, and in particular, the criteria for their selection for participation in active employment programs. The results of the conducted research became the subject of discussion at a seminar-meeting in the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation, held on September 10. The seminar was opened and moderated by the Deputy Minister of Labor and social development RF M. A. Topilin and deputy CEO Russian fund social reforms VV Trubin. Presentations were made by the leading researchers Center for Economic and Financial Research and Development, project manager I. A. Denisova and deputy head S. M. Guriev. M. V. Annenkov, Head of the Department of the Federal State Social Protection Fund for the Republic of Karelia, took part in the work of the seminar-meeting and spoke. A discussion was held to discuss the draft methodology for profiling the unemployed as a basis for planning active programs to promote employment of the population. It was attended by representatives of the Committee on Labor and Social Policy of the State Duma, the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation, Departments of the State Social Protection Fund of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the representative office of the World Bank in Moscow, and the scientific community. According to the general opinion of the participants of the seminar-meeting, the profiling methods developed by specialists of regional employment services, the dissemination and use of systematized and generalized experience in this direction, are designed, according to the project developers, to increase the efficiency of employment centers. In the fourth quarter of this year, it is planned to conduct an experiment on practical application developed automated methods, including in the employment service of Karelia.

Self-employment of the unemployed on the basis of entrepreneurial activity

Back in the first half of the 90s, the republican employment service began to help citizens who were left without work in organizing entrepreneurial activities. At the same time, the fundamental features of promoting self-employment of the unemployed were determined. The subsidy, which compensated for part of the costs of organizing one's own business, was issued once, and its size was not affected by either the amount of unemployment benefits paid earlier, or the cost of training or retraining. The applicant had to submit a feasibility study (business plan) for future activities, which would confirm the seriousness of his intentions and the effectiveness of the use of funds. The employment service assisted in organizing their own business only to those unemployed who could not be found suitable job. All relations between the employment service and the citizen were formalized in the form of a contract. Since 1996, insurance contributions to the employment fund have decreased, debts on benefits to unemployed citizens have increased. As a result, a number of active labor market programs, including subsidized self-employment, have been phased out. In 1998, positive changes began, primarily due to the experience of the employment service in a shortage of Money, offsets with enterprises that owe money to the State Employment Fund, and with the unemployed. The technology of mutual offsets was based on the principle of movement not of real money, but of commodity and material resources in kind. During 1998, specialists from the Republican Health Service studied the experience of organizing self-employment of the population living in countryside, in the Penza, Yaroslavl and Tver regions. All recent years biggest problems caused the employment of this particular category of the unemployed, since the usual system state support agricultural enterprises was practically destroyed. This led them into extremely difficult financial and economic situation, caused a sharp decline in the production of meat and dairy products, crop production, fur production and, as a result, mass unemployment in the countryside. Based on the experience of colleagues in other regions of the Russian Federation, methodological and regulatory materials, analysis of the situation in the republican labor market, the Ministry of Labor and Employment of the Republic of Kazakhstan developed and approved in May 1999 the Procedure for working with unemployed citizens permanently residing in rural areas and wishing to start their own business for the production of agricultural products. Unfortunately, in 1999 no significant results were achieved in the sphere of self-employment of unemployed citizens. Only 9 people started their own business. In the Olonetsky district, 24 people were imprisoned labor agreements with agricultural enterprises about growing vegetables on a leased plot of land. The main reason for the low results is that it was not possible to overcome the distrust of the unemployed in a new form of employment, to prepare them organizationally and psychologically. Those who showed interest in individual entrepreneurial activity faced a problem: they lacked knowledge of even the elementary foundations of entrepreneurship. Then the Department thought out a model of practical assistance: traveling one-two-day seminars at the place of residence of citizens. The purpose of the express study was psychological preparation and orientation of unemployed citizens for self-employment, as well as teaching the basics of entrepreneurial activity. Seminars for employment service specialists and the unemployed, who wish to provide themselves with work, were held in Pudozh, Olonet, Medvezhyegorsk, Louh, Suoyarvi, Lahdenpokh, Belomorsk, Pitkyaranta districts, as well as the city of Sortavala. The problems of rural self-employment were discussed with specialists from local self-government administrations dealing with agricultural issues. Experts were involved in the training tax office, Pension fund, administrations of local self-government. In the classroom covered at an accessible level general issues entrepreneurship, recommendations were given on the preparation of business plans, legal and methodological advice. During 2000, more than 600 unemployed citizens received informational and methodological assistance on entrepreneurship issues and practical assistance in drawing up business plans. Financial assistance (a subsidy for starting one's own business) was provided to 216 unemployed citizens. In total, in 2000, 1,096 thousand rubles were allocated from the State Employment Fund for subsidies to support entrepreneurial activities. This allowed 184 people. engage in animal husbandry, 7 - crop production, 4 - fishing and 2 - beekeeping. 19 people started working in other industries not related to agriculture(household service, transport services, production activities). The largest number unemployed citizens were employed on the basis of self-employment by the Pudozh (72 people), Olonetsky (53 people), Medvezhyegorsk (36 people) employment departments. The "Program for promoting the employment of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2001" provided for the provision of financial assistance to 200 unemployed citizens who register entrepreneurial activities without education legal entity. At the same time, they had to work in new conditions - budget financing and legal independence of employment centers. As before, assistance to self-employment was provided mainly to unemployed citizens living in rural areas. However, now the emphasis was shifted to the organization of their own business in the field of consumer services. In this regard, the Department has developed a sample business plan for a mini-barber shop. In 2001, seminars on the problems of organizing self-employment of the unemployed were held in Prionezhsky, Pryazha and Medvezhyegorsk districts, in the cities of Sortavala and Kostomuksha. In the context of the transition to budget financing pre-existing normative base stopped working and new normative document"Regulations on the implementation of measures to promote employment of the population and directions for spending federal budget funds" was approved by order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation only on February 16, 2001. 2 months were lost. In 2001, 306 people took up individual entrepreneurial activity without registration of a legal entity, of which 279 people. (83.2% - in rural areas) received financial assistance in the form of subsidies from the federal budget for a total of 2,566.6 thousand rubles, which is 2.3 times more than in 2000. conclusion of an agreement on the minimum subsistence level in the region. Over 80% of the unemployed are engaged in animal husbandry and poultry farming, the rest are mainly in crop production and household services. In 2001, the Pudozhsky (53 people), Medvezhyegorsky (42 people), Olonetsky (31 people), Suoyarvsky (34 people), Pryazhinsky (20 people), Prionezhsky (19 people) organizations most actively helped the organization of self-employment of unemployed citizens. ), Pitkyarat (19 people) employment centers. Thus, the Department, employment centers for 1999-2001. quite a lot of experience has been accumulated in the field of supporting the entrepreneurial activity of unemployed citizens. More than 2,000 unemployed citizens received consulting and educational services, 504 of them engaged in entrepreneurial activities, having received subsidies, 75 were employed by renting land. G. ZAVODOVSKY, Deputy Head of the Department of the State Social Protection Fund for the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Item Description: Labor Law

Labor law is a branch of law that regulates the labor of employees in enterprises, institutions and organizations, regulates the relationship of workers and employees with the employer regarding the direct application there, the administration with labor collective regarding the participation of employees in the management of production, the establishment and application of working conditions; on consideration of labor disputes; on labor protection, etc.

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