A tree of goals for a specific age group of students. Organization of the management system of a preschool educational institution. Criteria for goals
4 Developing a goal tree
In a broad sense, the mission is the philosophy and purpose, the meaning of the existence of the organization. In a narrow sense, a mission is a stated statement about why or for what reason an organization exists, i.e. The mission is understood as a statement that reveals the meaning of the existence of the organization, in which the difference between this organization and similar ones is manifested. Mission formation is a common occurrence for highly developed business. It is preferable to combine a short slogan that defines the main direction of the organization, with a well-developed mission statement. The components (points) of the mission text are presented in Table 3.
Table 3
| Component | Content |
| Products or services that the company produces | What are the products or services produced by the company? At the same time, companies often achieve strategic advantages not just by selling a tangible product, but by achieving market advantages through synergy by integrating the competitiveness of the tangible product itself with intangible strategic advantages, such as having a large market share, a developed distribution network, and a positive consumer image. |
| Categories of target consumers | Who are the company's target customers? The activities of the company may be targeted at government agencies, industrial consumers, a narrow segment of the population with high incomes, or the general population. |
| Target Markets | What geographic regions does the company serve? It can be a local region, an entire country, individual foreign countries or entire global regions such as Western Europe and Southeast Asia. |
| Technology | Does the company focus on the use of the latest, traditional technologies? |
| Priorities for Survival, Growth and Profitability | Is the company focused on survival/maintaining its current level of profitability, or is it focused on growth, high profitability and aggressive competition? |
| Philosophy | What are the most important values, aspirations and ethical principles of the company? A company's philosophy can manifest itself, for example, in whether it prioritizes the interests of its employees, shareholders, or customers, or, say, in where its strategy lies in the “gray” allowable space between the letter of the law and the spirit of ethical requirements. |
| Competitive advantages | What do they consist of distinctive features and strategic advantages of the company in comparison with competitors? Such benefits may include unique product, technology, reputation among consumers or geographic location |
| public image | To what extent, along with the pursuit of profitability and efficiency, the company is involved in solving non-economic problems, such as nature conservation, social development programs |
| Attitude towards employees in the company | Does the company view its employees as assets with their own human value, providing opportunities for education, professional growth and self-development, or simply refers to them as a replaceable economic resource |
The mission forms the foundation for goal setting tourism organization in general, as well as for its divisions, functional subsystems (marketing, production, finance, personnel), since each of them sets its own specific goals arising from the overall goal of the organization.
Goals are a specific state of individual characteristics of the organization, the achievement of which is desirable for it and to which its activities are directed.
The activities of the organization are objectively very diverse, so it cannot be focused on a single goal, but must determine several of the most significant guidelines for action. The most common areas in which business organizations goals are set as follows:
Profitability reflected in indicators such as profit margin, profitability, earnings per share, etc.;
Position in the market, described by such indicators as market share, sales volume, relative market share in relation to a competitor, share of individual products in total volume sales, etc.;
Productivity, expressed in costs per unit of production, material consumption, return per unit of production capacity, volume of products produced per unit of time, etc.;
Financial resources, described by indicators characterizing the structure of capital, the movement of money in the organization, the amount of working capital, etc.;
The capacity of the organization, expressed in target indicators regarding the size of the occupied space, the number of pieces of equipment, etc.;
Product development and technology upgrades, described in terms of such indicators as the amount of costs for the implementation of research projects, the timing of the introduction of new equipment, the timing and volume of product production, the timing of the introduction of a new product, the quality of the product
etc.;
Changes in the organization and management, reflected in indicators that set targets for the timing of organizational changes, etc.;
Human resources, described using indicators reflecting the number of absenteeism, staff turnover, advanced training of employees, etc.;
Work with buyers, expressed in such indicators as the speed of customer service, the number of complaints from customers, etc.;
Providing assistance to society, described by such indicators as the amount of charity, the timing of charity events, etc.
As a tool for systematizing goals, a graphical model is used in the form of a tree graph - a tree of goals.
A goal tree is a graph, a diagram showing the division of general (general) goals into subgoals, the latter into subgoals of the next level, etc. (a tree is a connected graph expressing the subordination and interconnections of elements; in this case, such elements are goals and subgoals ).
When building a goal tree, certain techniques have been developed:
First, at least verbally, the general goal must be formulated;
For the general goal, a quantitative description of the goal should be prepared;
Expand the process of achieving the goal in time;
Formulate the goals of the next levels, that is, the goals of the 1st level, 2nd level, etc.;
For all developed goals, determine the coefficients of importance, priorities;
Consider alternative goals;
Exclude unimportant goals, that is, goals that have insignificant coefficients of importance and priority;
Eliminate goals that have little effect, leading to insignificant results;
Eliminate competing goals, in other words, goals that are not supported by the resource necessary to achieve them.
The presentation of goals begins with the upper tier, then they are sequentially disaggregated. Moreover, the main rule for disaggregating goals is completeness: each top-level goal must be represented in the form of subgoals of the next level in an exhaustive way, that is, in such a way that the union of the concepts of subgoals completely determines the concept of the original goal.
In figure No. 2, we present the tree of goals for preschool educational institution No. 30
Rice. #2 Goal Tree
Conclusion: The development of a goal tree will allow more precise coordination of work.
New models: preschool groups based educational institutions, preschool groups based on institutions additional education as well as the systematic education of children preschool age in a family upbringing. Introduction. The practice of the emergency department social assistance citizens in need The first instance where people turn for help is the emergency department ...
And "contribution". Each member labor process must be able to link his participation in the common cause with the contribution of other members of the team. Management by results can also be a direction for improving the management of the activities of a preschool institution. Strategic thinking at a higher level assumes that the leader and subordinate determine the result, and then the performer himself ...
...) subject to the normative financing of budgetary services, it is attractive for organically developing preschool educational institutions and is very beneficial for the development of the preschool education system as a whole. In addition, to improve the management system of preschool education in the city of Irkutsk, it is considered possible to introduce an independent quality assessment system. Functions of the municipal system independent evaluation qualities: 1. ...
All activity on modeling, construction and development of the system of work begins with the setting of a goal and the definition of tasks through which the achievement of the goal is planned. The constructed system of work is aimed at creating conditions for the individual self-expression of each child and the development of each personality, preserving the originality and revealing his potential abilities, protecting the interests of childhood.
The system of work contains effective forms and methods that allow creating conditions for the development of the child's personality at each age stage of education and upbringing.
To create a system of work, the teacher spent preliminary work: the study regulatory framework, modern techniques, methods, techniques, forms, principles and models of work.
Having studied the model "Tree of goals" by Ch. Churchman and R. Ackoff, the teacher used it in his pedagogical work. The goal tree is a graphical diagram that shows the breakdown of general goals into sub-goals. The top of the scheme is interpreted as goals, edges or arcs - as connections between goals. The goal tree method is the main universal method system analysis. This method allows the teacher to put in order own plans(personal or professional), see your goals in the team.
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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Education management
administration municipality"city of Buguruslan"
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution
Municipal Formation "Buguruslan City"
"Kindergarten of the combined type No. 18"
Description of the operating system
educator
Borisova Irina Nikolaevna
Buguruslan, 2013
Explanatory note
To ensure the optimal development of each child, based on the uniqueness of his individuality, MBDOU "D / s No. 18" organized efficient system educational work. Changes in preschool education have influenced the construction of the system of work both in general and on the teacher himself.
All activity on modeling, construction and development of the system of work begins with the setting of a goal and the definition of tasks through which the achievement of the goal is planned. The constructed system of work of Borisova I.N. is aimed at creating conditions for the individual self-expression of each child and the development of each personality, preserving the uniqueness and disclosure of his potential abilities, protecting the interests of childhood.
The system of work contains effective forms and methods that allow creating conditions for the development of the child's personality at each age stage of education and upbringing.
To create a system of work, the teacher carried out preliminary work: the study of the legal framework, modern methods, methods, techniques, forms, principles and models of work.
Having studied the model "Tree of goals" by Ch. Churchman and R. Ackoff, the teacher used it in his pedagogical work. The goal tree is a graphical diagram that shows the breakdown of general goals into sub-goals. The top of the scheme is interpreted as goals, edges or arcs - as connections between goals. The goal tree method is the main universal method of system analysis. This method allows the teacher to put their own plans (personal or professional) in order, to see their goals in the team.
When building a system of work, Borisov I. takes into account the patterns of goal formation and uses the principles of the formation of hierarchical structures. The system of work is built in stages, from top to bottom, by successive transition from a higher level to a lower, adjacent level. The principle is based on the coordination of goals among themselves. The specification of goals from top to bottom is growing: the higher the level, the better the goal is formulated.
The compiled goal tree has a decision system on paper. That is, a plan to achieve the main goal of Fig.1. The goal tree is for a yearly goal. The principle of splitting a common goal into subgoals and tasks is illustrated by the diagram shown in the figure.
Building a model of the system of work of the educator
I.N. Borisova in modern conditions preschool education
(based on the Goal Tree model)Ch. Churchman and R. Ackoff)
Description of the system of work based on the model "Tree of goals"
1. Development of a project for educational work in educational areas
Borisova I.N builds the system of the educational process in accordance with normative documents: Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", resolution "On sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the content and organization of the regime in preschool organizations", the main educational program institutions. The general educational program of MBDOU "D / s No. 18" provides a versatile development of children aged from birth to 7 years, taking into account their age and individual characteristics in 4 educational areas: physical, social and personal, cognitive and speech and artistic and aesthetic. The program ensures that pupils achieve school readiness. It is given in accordance with the FGT and is based on the program "From Birth to School" ed. NOT. Veraksy, T.S. Komarova, M.A. Vasilyeva.
In order to ensure an individually differentiated approach to each child, the pedagogical process is organized taking into account the health of children, a flexible daily routine, and the interests of each child. When designing independent activities of children, he takes into account psychological relief, discusses matters during the day with the entire children's team.
At the organizational stage, a work plan was drawn up - a project of educational work with the children's team. The main objective of the project is to organize independent activity children's team, so that pupils voluntarily, with great desire, participate in various activities kindergarten, learned to be independent, would be able to assess their capabilities and constantly strive to know themselves. This goal is realized in the second part of the program "In the wake of the mood."
In accordance with the kindergarten program, annual and curricula works by Borisov I.N. developed a comprehensive thematic, thematic work plans in accordance with the FGT.
Educational areas | |||
Communicative and personal development | Cognitive speech development | Artistic and aesthetic development | Physical development |
Aimed at gaining experience in the following activities: | |||
|
In order to compose the 2nd part of the program, the teacher determined the time for the main part of the program
2. Develop a project for working with the teaching staff
Borisova I.N. is a member of the creative group of teachers for the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard in preschool educational institutions. The creative group of teachers made up the second part of the program, formed by the participants in the educational process. Irina Nikolaevna developed and implemented in educational process program "In the footsteps of mood."
The time required for the implementation of the second part of the Program, formed by the participants of the educational process
The program is designed to develop creativity in children of primary preschool age through non-traditional methods of drawing. The content of the subject of the program contributes to the understanding of the properties of children different materials, their expressive possibilities, forms creative skills. The visual type of activity allows you to make the work of children more interesting, expressive, colorful, as well as develop children's independence and thinking. Also valuable in the program is the possibility of integration different types visual activity (drawing, modeling, applications); in process interesting image, perhaps a combination of visual techniques and materials (“drawing with plasticine”, collage, splashing).
Teaching children non-traditional ways of drawing activates cognitive interest, forms an emotionally positive attitude towards the process of artistic activity, promotes effective development children's creativity. The result of the developed program is the participation of children in competitions. Her pupil Baryshnikova Dasha won first place in the city competition of children's creativity on the fire-fighting theme "Stop the fire".
At the methodological association for the leaders of preschool educational institutions and educators in 2013, an open display of directly educational activities was held in the second junior group"Following the Mood" Directly educational activities was highly rated.
A system of specific measures has been organized for the development of preschool educational institutions and education of parents on the development and upbringing of children: the creation of a column in the print media of the city, the preparation of a video for display in local news, as well as on electronic media, the distribution of leaflets, booklets, magazines, newspapers and other printed publications on the basis of DOW with their further distribution.
The performance indicators of Irina Nikolaevna's work for 2013 are high, this is evidenced by the participation of the teacher in the competitive direction:
- winner of the regional photo contest among voters of the Orenburg region "Life is a series of elections";
- All-Russian diploma of the III degree "Best modern lesson. Physical Culture";
- All-Russian diploma for providing their pedagogical experience in the nomination "Pedagogical ideas and technologies: preschool education" ;
- certificate of publication of materials of the NOD "In the wake of mood";
- participation in the regional competition according to the rules traffic Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims (results unknown);
- participation in the online competition forum methodological developments in the pre-school educational institution "Educational activity in the pre-school educational institution".
3. Develop a project to work with parents
In order to study the family, to find out the educational needs of parents, to establish contact with its members, to harmonize educational influences on the child, the teacher began work with the questionnaire "Cooperation between the kindergarten and the family." Having received a real picture, based on the collected data, he analyzed the features of the structure of family ties of each child, the specifics of the family and family education of a preschooler, and developed tactics for his communication with each parent. This helped to better navigate the pedagogical needs of each family, to take into account its individual characteristics.
Irina Nikolaevna developed criteria for the "involvement" of parents in the educational process. At first, this criterion reflected the quantitative indicators of the presence of parents at group events: attendance parent meetings and consultations; the presence of parents at children's holidays, the participation of parents in the preparation and conduct of excursions, thematic classes; participation in exhibitions, opening days; publication of magazines and books; visiting the "Open Day"; help of parents in equipping the pedagogical process.
Later, she singled out qualitative indicators: initiative, responsibility, the attitude of parents to the products of joint activities of children and adults.
4. Develop a project to work on self-education
Borisova I.N. improves his professional level through coursework, methodological associations, is engaged in self-education. In 2013, at the methodological association for heads of preschool educational institutions and educators, an open demonstration of directly educational activities was held in the second junior group “In the wake of mood”. Directly educational activities were evaluated at a high level.
Irina Nikolaevna is a member of the creative team for the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard in preschool educational institutions. In 2013, she successfully completed distance training courses for teachers of preschool education: advanced training courses for employees of preschool educational institutions on the topic Legal, psychological and organizational support of the Federal State Educational Standard in the system of preschool education "(72 hours).
The teacher independently works on the topic “Systematization and generalization of work experience”. initial stage The solution to this problem is the passage of a distance course on the topic "Professional design of a teacher's portfolio in in electronic format". With the help of a portfolio, you can clearly characterize the activities of a teacher, prepare for certification. The methodological portfolio of Irina Nikolaevna connects certain aspects its activities into a more complete picture, allows you to record, accumulate and evaluate individual achievements personality in a certain period of his activity. An electronic portfolio creates in various Windows applications: PowerPoint, Word, Excel, as a Web page, PDF portfolio using Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro. Puts there what you can’t show on paper. These are multimedia products created for classes or leisure activities: presentations, graphic objects, video materials, etc.
Pudovkina Natalya Mikhailovna
Job title: teacher
Educational institution: MAOU secondary school No. 54
Locality: Tomsk
Material name: Spiritual and moral development
Topic: Building a "tree of goals" for a certain age group of students.
Publication date: 06.12.2018
Chapter: secondary education
Building a "tree
certain
age
students.
program
basic
successively
continues
develops
program
spiritual and moral
development
education
students at the level of primary general education.
Since by the time this program was launched, the school had already
several
purposeful
moral development and education of Russian citizens, achieved
the results are considered as a launching pad for the implementation of its
next stage.
Obviously,
comparison
results,
satisfying
requirements of spiritual and moral development and education in primary
being
through,
moral development and education, the results of such activities in
basic
substantially
grounds. These bases lie in different areas, but are centered on
teenager
experiencing
age
deepest
hormonal
perestroika,
influencing
vital activity
organism
substantially
changing
character
social
psychological connections and relationships with external environment. Right at the start
age
account for
indicators
delinquency and crime, the use of tobacco, alcohol, and a few
later - drugs.
main
education,
accepts
maturing person at the dramatic moment of the transition of many latent
processes of its formation into explicit ones. It is at this level that
completion
active
socialization
student
"self-presentation" as a young adult. Therefore, the emphasis of this
programs are made for the socialization of a teenager, educating him from the position
right choice, self-realization, independence of action.
All structural elements of this Program determine approaches to
organizational
mechanisms
implementation,
reflecting national, regional and ethno-cultural characteristics
region. It follows from this that the spiritual and moral development of students
main
education
isolated
activities artificially introduced into the educational process. She is
carried out everywhere - both in the development of academic disciplines, and in
development
students
universal
competencies,
own behavior in various extracurricular activities.
development
teenagers ability to reflect
grounds
own
activities
own
relations
reality a critical point is fixed as their socialization in
in general, and the most important criteria for evaluating its effectiveness. Many of them
determined precisely by the maturity of the spiritual and moral sphere.
program
provide
intrinsic value
age lived by adolescents and timely socialization, between
internal
requirements
challenges about which they have a very vague idea; help
teenagers
to avoid
socio-psychological
stress
opportunities, to heal those already received), and on the other hand, to prepare them for
conflict-free, constructive interaction
with other people,
implement
decide
priorities
outline
life path.
Goals
tasks
spiritual and moral
development,
education
socialization.
aim
is
socio-pedagogical
socio-cultural
support for the adolescent's own efforts related to the development of his
civil
individual
personality;
socio-pedagogical
socio-cultural
escort
process
cultural and moral
comprehension
teenager
spiritual
cultural
heritage
property
humanity
national, regional and ethno-cultural features of the region.
Tasks of spiritual and moral development, socialization and education
students at the level of basic general education:
conscious
Adoption
pupils
spiritual and moral
human
individuality
quality
the most important
vital
values; subjective attitude to self-education and development
creative
capacity
areas
socially
socioculturally
oriented activity;
operational
mastery
pupils
programs
activities
behavior,
characteristic
relevant
cultural
traditions (cultural traditions), as well as the assimilation of knowledge expressing them,
values and norms.
pedagogical
sense upbringing- the process is not spontaneous, but
purposeful, realized by both the teacher and the students. Consequently,
educational
development
certain
human
personality, reflecting a peculiar moral portrait of a teenager.
receiving
moral
portrait
teenager
present in the form of a diagram:
Moral portrait of a educated person
teenager
Core Values
Desired personality traits
Introduction
With the help of system analysis, you can explore various socio-economic processes and systems in order to better understand the problem and find measures to resolve it. In this settlement work using the methods of system analysis, we will consider the educational problem in order to develop a physically and morally healthy person at the level of modern education. Because Since this problem has many aspects, suggesting various options for their solution, it can be considered quite complex and controversial. To select the most suitable options for solving this problem, as well as to create an action plan for the implementation of the entire range of works that ensure its solution, we will build a tree of goals and trees of activities, calculate the coefficients of relative importance and build network diagram performance of work.
Thus, it is possible to define the target this study like creation optimal plan actions to improve modern education in Russia.
Based on the purpose of the study, the following tasks were set:
identify a problematic situation;
Detail the problem;
Solve the problem using system analysis methods.
The object of research is how to develop a physically and morally healthy person.
The subject of the study is the process of developing the education of children and youth.
Goal Tree
The theoretical basis for writing the work was the lectures and educational and methodological complex of Krichevsky A.I.
Building a goal tree
Calculation of coefficients of relative importance
Calculation of coefficients of relative importance (RC) of subgoals (1st level of the goal tree):
Expert Survey Matrix:
Here, experts assign ranks (places) to subgoals, performing the following task: "Place the subgoals in their places based on their importance for achieving the main goal."
Our task is to determine the COP of subgoals, i.e. their share in the composition of the main goal.
This means that the more important sub-goal should have a larger number (as opposed to the rank assignment in the original survey matrix), so we need to calculate the rank transformation using the formula: (max rank - expert rank).
Conclusion based on the calculation of KOV at the first level:
When detailing, the main goal "Modern education is the development of a physically, morally healthy person" was divided into 4 unequal subgoals:
Develop a state strategy for the upbringing of children and youth - 38.7%;
Scientific and methodological provision - 12.9%;
Raise the qualifications of employees of educational institutions - 22.5%;
Diversity and availability of children's leisure infrastructure - 25.9%.
Based on the analysis of the KOV, we see that the experts identified the development of the state as the most important sub-goal in achieving the main goal. strategies in the education of children and youth (0.387). It follows from this that experts believe that it is the development of state strategies that should be given the most attention. The second place was taken by the sub-objective "Diversity and accessibility of the infrastructure of educational institutions" - 0.259. It is also important because children's leisure means fewer children loitering on the streets. In third place is professional development for employees of educational institutions - 0.225 means that professionalism is necessary for employees in this field of activity. And the last subgoal in terms of weight - scientific and methodological security - 0.129, which is necessary for improvement in education.
All of these sub-goals, in detail, represent our main single goal, and therefore, by effectively developing programs to achieve all these sub-goals and achieving them, we also achieve the main goal.
Calculation of the KOV of the tree of goals of the second level.
Expert survey matrix.
When determining the COP of subgoals of the 2nd level, we use the same methodology as at the first level, considering the sequence of splitting the subgoals of the 1st level into component parts. At the same time, we first determine the proportion in which this subgoal is divided into its component parts, and then we divide the COP of the higher subgoal in the same proportion. This will ensure that the following necessary requirements for the calculation of KOV are met.
The sum of the KOV of subgoals is equal to the KOV of the higher subgoal (goal);
The sum of the KOV of all subgoals of one level of the tree of goals is equal to 1.
Matrix of Transformed Ranks:
Expert Survey Matrix:
Matrix of Transformed Ranks:
Expert Survey Matrix:
Rank conversion matrix:
Expert Survey Matrix:
Rank transformation matrix.
