Learn more about the work of livestock breeders. Lapbook "All about the profession of a livestock breeder" methodological development on the world around (preparatory group) on the topic. Major subjects of the school curriculum and additional education

Crop production is one of the most important branches of the Russian economy, generating about 2% of GDP and providing more than half of the food on the tables and in refrigerators of Russians. In addition, crop production is a key supplier of livestock feed and raw materials for some industries. Finally, cultivation of cultivated plants is a huge sector in the labor market with great importance in the countryside.

Labor resources in crop production in Russia

The number of persons employed in agriculture in Russia has steadily declined over the past two decades and has now reached less than 6 million people. Of these, only about half work directly at agricultural enterprises, the rest are engaged in the processing of agricultural products.

Accurate statistics on exactly how many workers are employed directly in crop production probably do not exist, since many farms combine plant growing with animal breeding. At the same time, part of the personnel is involved in both segments, that is, the professions in animal husbandry and crop production intersect. In addition, the calculations are complicated by the fact that in crop production, some types of work (for example, harvesting) are often entrusted to seasonal workers who are not employed by the enterprise.

However, the stubborn decline in the number of people employed in agriculture in Russia has been largely at the expense of crop production professions. This industry was actively modernized, during which manual labor was increasingly replaced by mechanical one. Even the picking of fruits and berries is gradually being transferred from manual harvesting to harvesting with the help of special combines. Also, the decrease in the number of workers in crop production was significantly affected by the decrease in sown areas in Russia.

It is important to note that all of the above does not apply to small farms (including illegal ones), which today provide a significant part of vegetables, fruits and berries grown in Russia. According to the most rough estimates, about 700 thousand - 1 million people are employed in this segment

Structure of employment in crop production

All professions related to crop production can be divided into production and administrative support staff. As it is not difficult to guess, production personnel are those people who are directly involved in the production of products or services. production processes. These are tractor drivers, combine operators, agronomists, etc. Management and support personnel include all those who are engaged in the general management of the enterprise and other non-production tasks. In addition to directors and purchasing / sales managers, this includes secretaries, accountants, drivers, canteen workers, cleaners, etc.

Also in crop production, the practice of using temporary or seasonal workers is quite common, which at certain production stages can make up a significant part of the labor resource of the enterprise. On the seasonal work(usually harvesting) employ unskilled personnel, so they do not have an agricultural profession as such. It is quite another thing - permanent workers who are on the staff of the enterprise all year round and have certain qualifications that allow them to perform more complex and responsible types of work. This includes all the main professions of crop production - agronomists, tractor drivers, combine operators, etc.

Structure labor resources enterprises are very dependent on various factors (specialization and size of the farm, climatic conditions in which they operate, the technological level of the enterprise, etc.) However, with rough calculations, we can say that the production staff in crop farms is about 85% , of which 75% are permanent workers.

As for farms, the structure of their labor resources is rather peculiar. First, their staff is rarely strictly divided into positions and professions. As a rule, employees do a little bit of everything, depending on what needs to be done at the moment. Second, very often farming is a family business in which members of the same family are employed, which makes it pointless to build classic labor relations in the format " administrative staff- Ordinary workers. Accordingly, the professions of people who are engaged in crop production according to this scheme also do not lend themselves to the usual classification.

Brief overview of the main professions

In crop production, there are a huge number of different professions and specialties, so it is not possible to list them all within the framework of this article. We will consider only the most popular professions in Russia:

• agronomist,
• seed grower,
• tractor/combine driver
• agricultural machinery repairman
• reclamation engineer,
• soil scientist,
• agrochemist.

An agronomist is the main person at an agricultural enterprise in matters of plant growing technology. He is responsible for organizing the production of all crops, developing a system of crop rotation, fertilization and the use of other agricultural practices. His responsibilities include drawing up crop cultivation maps, work plans. In other words, it is the agronomist who manages the entire production process, therefore, he is required to have knowledge of general biological disciplines, agriculture, crop production, agrochemistry, land reclamation, the basics of breeding and seed production, and the general economy of the industry. Agronomists are graduated from higher educational institutions of agricultural profile.

The seed grower is also one of the the most important professions people in crop production. He works under the guidance of an agronomist and prepares seeds for sowing, treating them with special chemicals to fight diseases and insects. Also, the duties of a seed grower include caring for plants, supervising the work of threshing, cleaning and drying seeds. It is also entrusted with the functions of preparing storages and containers for storing seeds. For the profession of a seed grower, as well as for an agronomist, knowledge of general biological disciplines, agriculture, crop production, agrochemistry, land reclamation, the basics of selection and seed production is necessary. Professions of a seed grower are taught in higher educational institutions of an agrarian profile.

Tractor drivers perform a significant part of the field work in modern crop production, driving wheeled and tracked tractors with attachments. In a circle official duties tractor driver includes plowing and cultivating fields, sowing, fertilizing, spraying pesticides, and performing other work in the field. A tractor driver must not only be able to operate a tractor and attachments, but also be able to carry out locksmith and repair work to quickly eliminate minor breakdowns of equipment in field conditions. Although the harvester is very different in design and purpose from the tractor, at many enterprises harvesting with the help of the combine is also done by ordinary tractor operators. Specialists of this profession are trained in vocational schools, colleges and other educational institutions of this level. At the same time, the practice of training directly at the enterprise is widespread.

A mechanic for the repair of agricultural machinery and machines is not directly involved in the production of crop products. However, no serious crop farm can do without one or more of these specialists. The locksmith is engaged in repair and current maintenance agricultural machinery and equipment (tractors, combines, plows, cultivators, seeders, etc.) To perform this work, you need to be well versed in modern agricultural machinery, including electronics. Such specialists are trained at vocational schools, as well as at agricultural universities.

Slightly less popular in Russia are such professions of people engaged in crop production as an reclamation engineer, a soil scientist and an agrochemist.

The reclamation engineer is responsible for preparing the fields for irrigation, under his supervision the maintenance of sprinkler installations is carried out. In order to properly organize the irrigation system, it is necessary to know geodesy, the ability to read relief topographic maps, and determine the slopes of the terrain. Land reclamation engineers are trained in engineering and agricultural universities.

A soil scientist examines the characteristics of soils in crop fields, determines the natural processes that affect the state of the soil, prepares recommendations regarding the use of certain parts of the field (which crops are better to grow, how to increase fertility, how best to combat erosion, etc.) Soil scientists are trained in agricultural universities.

The agrochemist directs the implementation of measures to increase crop yields, under his supervision the agrochemical laboratory of the farm determines the optimal plant varieties for the area and the fertilizer application system. It requires knowledge of general biological disciplines, chemistry, the basics of breeding and seed production. Universities graduate agricultural chemists.

Love for cats, horses, dogs, fish, parrots is rooted in childhood. Many guys who imagined themselves in childhood as Aibolit, having matured, choose only the profession of working with animals. And today we have prepared a list of professions related to animals that you will definitely like!

Zoologist

Animals: any.
Average salary: 40000 rub.
Required education: higher.
Who suits: for women and men of all ages.

Zoologists are specialists who know everything about animals and even more. They are well acquainted with the physiology, anatomy, psychology of wild and domestic representatives of the fauna. The work is not boring, because zoologists travel all over the world with expeditions studying rare species of animals. They use photo and video equipment, design textbooks, and write scientific papers. A prominent representative of the profession - Alfred Brehm, who is the creator of the book "Animal Life"

Veterinarian

Animals: any.
Average salary: 65000 rub.
Required education: higher.
Who suits: for women and men, it is better to start training immediately after the end of grade 11.

Veterinarian is a calling! The doctor deals with the treatment of domestic and various exotic animals. The profession is difficult, because if a gastroenterologist mainly specializes in gastrointestinal problems, then a veterinarian must know ophthalmology, oncology, andrology, gynecology and other disciplines. Veterinarians will always be in demand. According to statistics, more than 12.5 million dogs, 17.8 million cats, 2.5 million birds live in Russian families, who need preventive vaccinations, treatment and other procedures.

Important! The work is complicated by the fact that animals cannot talk about their problems. But they often protest against the treatment by biting the doctor, growling or hissing at him.

zoopsychologists

Animals: any.
Average salary: 60000 rub.
Required education: higher professional, science belongs to the section of psychology.
Who suits: men, women.

Zoopsychology was formed at the beginning of the 20th century, science helped to learn a lot about the intelligence of animals, to reveal new abilities in them. For example, the American doctor, professor of zoopsychology Stanley Coren made a discovery indicating that dogs have the ability to do arithmetic. They are able to memorize more than 150 "human" words. And a group of European scientists during the experiment found that cockatoo parrots are excellent lockpickers. Right, the bird is not interested in material values, she opened a complex lock to gain access to a delicacy - a walnut.

Interesting research is an unfounded part of the work of animal psychologists. They are mainly engaged in the study of changes in the behavior of pets: aggressiveness, excessive affection, isolation, a decrease in the amount of milk yield, when it comes to farm animals. They also build a communicative contact in the chain animal-owner-other family members, helping people and pets to coexist peacefully with each other.

ornithologists

Animals: birds.
Average salary: 35000 rub.
Required education: higher education.
Who suits: men, women of any age who love birds.

Bird watching brings true aesthetic pleasure. Charles Darwin believed that every gentleman should be fond of ornithology. People who study birds are making amazing discoveries that give new impetus to world science.

For example, it has been scientifically proven that the intelligence of crows is not inferior to the intellectual level of chimpanzees. And chirping, croaking and other sounds made by birds are nothing more than a way of communication. In addition to research, ornithologists draw up maps of bird habitation, record and protect species that are subject to extinction due to warming and globalization.

pet protection agent

Animals: mostly pets.
Average salary: 55000 rub.
Required education: courses.
Who suits: girls, boys after 9-11 grade.

Agents are applicants who want not only to treat, but also radically change the lives of dogs, cats, birds suffering from human violence. In the CIS countries, this direction is poorly developed, so the service market needs fearless, altruistic people who are ready to help our smaller brothers.

Agents are not afraid of animals, more often they suffer from attacks by aggressive people who offend pet, but categorically do not want to part with him. These specialists work closely with zoopsychologists, veterinarians, and police officers. They control the entire rescue process - from removal and treatment to transfer to another family, a good shelter.

Groomer

Animals: mostly dogs and cats.
Average salary: 60000 rub.
Required education: courses at veterinary academies, universities.
Who suits: people of any age.

Hairdresser, stylist, pedicure master - the groomer knows all these professions, but he does not work with people, but with animals. Most often, cats and dogs are brought to the salon. The specialist polishes the coat, tidies up the claws, makes hairstyles and haircuts, and often prepares thoroughbred pets for exhibitions. Four-legged clients, which distinguishes them from people, are not happy with SPA procedures, so the groomer must have not only golden hands, but also a quick reaction. Otherwise, he risks injury left by sharp teeth or claws.

In the most difficult situations, the master uses leashes, special fixation devices, and muzzles to reduce the risk of injury. In general, the work is interesting, most often groomers open beauty salons at home.

Specialist canistherapist

Animals: dogs.
Average salary: 40000 rub.
Required education: courses, secondary vocational or higher medical education (depending on the category).
Who suits: women, men with experience working with animals or in the field of medicine.

The profession is on the border of medicine, cynology, psychology, because the canistherapist is engaged in the treatment, rehabilitation of people using specially trained dogs:

• terriers,
• husky,
• Malamutes
• Groenendael,
• sheltie,
• Labrador retrievers and others.

Therapy reduces the feeling of anxiety, insecurity, self-doubt. In Finland, this method is used to treat speech problems, in the UK - to detect biological hazards, as well as oncological diseases.

There are 4 categories of canistherapists: volunteers and trainees who receive the first practical knowledge, methodologists and specialists authorized to conduct therapy, classes. Pass the professional retraining can be in PSPBGMU them. Pavlova.

Important! Kanis-therapists interact with people suffering from problems with the psyche, speech, and the musculoskeletal system. Psychologist Maria Maltseva, who is an associate professor at the university of the St. Petersburg State Medical University named after. Pavlova, recommends sitting quietly for several hours in the emergency department of a regular hospital before training. If there are no negative feelings, then you are simply created for this profession!

dog handler

Animals: dogs.
Average salary: 50000 rub.
Required education: courses, college.
Who suits: graduates of grades 9-11.

For search operations, dogs began to be used more than 300 years ago. Initially, four-legged pets were attracted to the search for people by monks living in monasteries located in the Swiss Alps. Today dogs different breeds"work" in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, at customs, and cynologists are engaged in their training and education.

Cynologists take care of the pets, choose the best individuals that match the breed, and then bring them up in the same way as small children, instilling in them the necessary skills. Dogs are taught to get people out of the rubble, to work as guide dogs, to look for prohibited substances in cargo, to treat people, to hunt.

According to experts, the efficiency of dogs exceeds the efficiency of labor of 20-30 people. The work of a cynologist is very interesting, it involves establishing close psycho-emotional contact with animals.

Interesting to know! During the tragedy that occurred on September 11 in the United States in 2001, a guide dog led his blind owner from the 78th floor of a collapsing skyscraper. A brave Labrador retriever found an escape staircase, the skyscraper collapsed seconds after Rosella and Michael left the building.

Felinologist

Animals: cats.
Average salary: 60000 rub.
Required education: courses, veterinary college or university.
Who suits: men and women of any age. Love for four-legged friends is very important.

If you adore cats and do not suffer from an allergy to wool, then this profession will be a real find. Felinologists are engaged in both professional and amateur study, breeding, maintenance of cats. The profession includes people who work as experts at exhibitions, keep nurseries, and simply own one or more thoroughbred beauties.

Felinologists successfully monetize their hobby. Breeding purebred animals brings a stable profit, some specialists initially buy a beautiful cat with a pedigree, try their hand at the field in question, and then receive a secondary or higher education related to veterinary medicine.

Trainer

Animals: wild, exotic, domestic animals.
Average salary: 30000 rub.
Required education: schooling, many years of internship.
Who suits: young graduates, graduates of grades 9-11.

trainers teach different types animals to perform tricks, interact with people, preventing aggressiveness, disobedience. Mostly trainers work in the circus, sometimes they conduct private practice, dealing with cats, dogs and other types of animals that can be kept in a house or apartment.

The profession is quite dangerous, because we all remember the tricks during which the trainer puts his head in the mouth of a lion or enters the cage where the angry lioness is. In fact, there are tricks here, because the animal is well fed before the performance, so he has no desire to attack his trainer. However, the trainer is not immune from light scratches, bites.

If in doubt, you can choose a simpler direction. good example is the legend of the circus Yuri Kuklachev, who trains cats. His show is widely known all over the world. Russian trainer Tofig Akhundov works with hippos, Sarvat Begbudi - with horses.

hippologist

Animals: horses.
Average salary: depends on the region of residence, experience, skills.
Required education: higher education.
Who suits: the profession is dynastic, suitable for men and women over the age of 18.

Hippologists study the physiology, behavior, breeds, nutrition, breeding and care of horses. They work in the field of horse breeding, they should not be confused with jockeys, trainers, veterinary paramedics. A hippologist is a theoretician, a scientist, this profession is chosen by people who have interacted with horses since childhood. The field of science is highly demanded, but it is experiencing a shortage of personnel, which is associated with a limited amount of professional literature and low popularity of the profession.

Veterinary assistant

Animals: predominantly agricultural and domestic.
Average salary: 30000 rub.
Required education: secondary vocational.
Who suits: profession for women and men of any age.

Veterinary assistant trained in college. He is authorized to diagnose the condition of animals, prescribe treatment, and perform simple procedures. The work is difficult, because often the paramedic works under open sky, provides assistance to animals directly in the enclosure, from which they cannot leave due to their state of health.

Interesting! There are rare offers for veterinarians and paramedics, such vacancies must be constantly monitored. For example, in early 2018, a shelter located in Greece needed a caretaker for cats. More than 50 fluffy beauties live on the territory of the institution. For his work, the caretaker will receive 500 euros, as well as free accommodation in good home, from the windows of which a gorgeous view of the Aegean Sea opens.

Milkmaid

Animals: small and large cattle.
Average salary: 20000 rub.
Required education: college courses.
Who suits: girls after 9th grade.

A difficult profession associated with physical labor, because milkmaids wake up every day before sunrise to milk cows and goats. At many enterprises and farms, the milking process is automated. The milkmaid is responsible for the hygiene of animals, performs an initial examination that helps to identify diseases, controls the operation of equipment, and washes it.

Need to know! The profession is predominantly female and dangerous. Often, cows and goats beat the milkmaids with their tails and hooves, causing serious injuries to the girls.

Aquarist

Animals: fish, animals, plants that exist in fresh and salt water.
Average salary: from 35000 rub.
Required education: higher, secondary professional education(depending on the line of business).
Who suits: people of any age.

Aquarists are engaged in breeding, maintaining, creating full-fledged ecosystems in aquariums. They study fish, aquatic animals and plants that are concentrated in one or more artificial pools. People who choose this direction can work at home, they unite in clubs, there are 3 types of activities:

• scientific, during which research is carried out, selection methods, genetics are used;
• commercial, implying the creation of ecosystems, the breeding and cultivation of fish, plants for sale;
• amateur, in this case, the fish are bred for the sake of a hobby.

This direction should include aqua designers who are engaged in the creation of landscapes and general design aquariums!

livestock specialist

Animals: farm animals and poultry.
Average salary: 45000 rub.
Required education: secondary vocational.
Who suits: for women, men.

Livestock specialists are experts in the field of animal husbandry. They are responsible for the proper feeding, maintenance, breeding and health of the animals. The profitability of the farm directly depends on their work. The profession combines the features of veterinary medicine, as well as disciplines belonging to the technical group.

These specialists increase the efficiency of the farm by creating conditions in which animals will produce more products with minimal physical and material costs. Do not confuse livestock specialists with zooengineers, because the former study in colleges, the latter in universities. There are general zootechnicians and those who are engaged in specific types animals, birds, insects, fish.

Interesting to know! One of the most famous livestock specialists is Professor Pavel Nikolaevich Kuleshov, who developed unique methods for assessing and classifying the type of constitution of farm animals. He became the first corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the field of zootechnical science.

Popular Questions About Animal Careers

What are the highest paid animal care jobs?

Veterinarians receive the highest wages in this segment. In Moscow, the salary of this specialist can exceed 150,000 rubles, which is equivalent to the salary of a good programmer.

Second line ranking highly paid professions felinologists, cynologists, groomers, protection agents, canistherapists, ornithologists, and zoologists work with animals. The size of their salary ranges from 40,000-70,000 rubles, but here everything depends on experience and talent. The more animals they work with, the higher the income.

The worst paid labor is milkmaids, veterinary paramedics, who can claim a salary not exceeding 20,000-30,000 rubles.

Are there professions related to animals and travel at the same time?

Ornithologists and zoologists are often sent on business trips abroad. Aquarists and felinologists often travel both in their native country and abroad, searching for and studying interesting individuals. Trainers working in circus troupes travel the world while on tour.

If you want to not only work with animals, but also travel the world, then you can become a naturalist. Naturalists (naturalists) study nature as it is. They visit different countries to show the world rare animals. The profession is suitable for women and men of any age who are ready to take risks.

Important! Naturalists can host their own shows, over the years of their career they manage to visit many exotic countries, but this profession is dangerous. For example, in the early 2000s, famous naturalist Steve Irwin was killed by a stingray.

Another one interesting profession for work with animals, which implies travel and a good salary, is a dolphin trainer. Specialists have the opportunity to take a job in well-known museums dedicated to the sea, dolphinariums. Coaches are constantly in contact with their wards, teaching them to interact with people, sing, draw. They take care of adult and small dolphins. To work in this field, you must have a higher education in biology or ecology.

What other professions work with animals?

People who love animals are in constant contact with them, working as photographers. Yes, owners of purebred cats, dogs and other representatives of the fauna often order photo shoots for their pets.

Animal photographers can work both in the studio and travel the world taking pictures for famous magazines such as national geographic. The profession is suitable for people of any age who know how to handle a camera. A quick reaction is important, because a beautiful monkey or bird will not patiently pose until you create a good shot.

You can also choose one of the following professions:

• ecologist dealing with the problems of global warming, the extinction of populations of animals, fish, birds, insects;
• handler, specializing in the professional demonstration of dogs during exhibitions;
• ichthyologist, professionally engaged in the study of the characteristics and evolution of fish;
• jockey working as a rider during the races;
• bereytor specializing in horse training. He also helps people learn the basics of riding.

Another interesting dynastic profession was called a taxidermist. These specialists are engaged in the creation of stuffed animals and birds. In the CIS countries, the profession can only be mastered in private, at the moment there is no faculty for taxidermists in universities and colleges!

Agriculture is a separate branch of the economy, aimed primarily at providing people with food. The importance of this industry cannot be overestimated. There are many in-demand professions related to agriculture. And, of course, they all require certain knowledge and skills.

What are the professions of agriculture: a list

The most demanded specialties in this area are:

• agronomist;
• machine operator;
• machine milking operator;
• breeder;
• poultry house;
• veterinarian.

To the question of what professions are related to agriculture, there is another answer - a beekeeper and fur farmer. They are not as common as, for example, a machine milking operator or a livestock breeder, but they are also quite in demand.

Features of the agronomist profession

Technologies for agricultural work are constantly being improved and changed. The responsibilities of an agronomist include proper organization production processes, growing crops, harvesting and transporting crops in these conditions. Also, people of this specialty are engaged in the preparation of various kinds of reporting and scientific documentation. Veterinarians usually have higher education. To date, the profession of an agronomist is on the list of the most demanded in Russia.

machine operator

This is one of the main specialties of such a sector of the economy as agriculture. The combine and tractor driver professions have always been one of the main ones in the countryside. A machine operator is a specialist who is able to manage all types of agricultural machinery. In addition, the duties of these workers include knowledge of the design features of the machines, as well as the implementation of their scheduled maintenance and repair.

The profession of a machine operator is considered one of the most difficult in the countryside. People in this specialty often work in extremely adverse conditions- in heat, rain and cold. In addition, they usually have to work overtime during the planting and harvesting season. Fortunately, recently the design of tractors and combines has begun to be subject to increased requirements in terms of convenience specifically for machine operators. Cabins of new models are insulated, equipped with air conditioners and heaters. But all the same, the work of a machine operator will always remain difficult, and therefore honorable.

Machine milking operator

There are many answers to the question of which professions in agriculture are the most common. But the most famous is still the operator of machine milking. About the people of this specialty in Soviet times many films have been made and written great amount poems and songs. The profession of a milkmaid was then unusually honorable. Women of this specialty appeared on blue screens in the form of healthy, cheerful, ruddy girls in headscarves. However, of course, the profession of a machine milking operator is actually very difficult, and there is not so much romance in it.

Milkmaids have to get up before dawn - at five o'clock in the morning. Their duties include rubbing the udder of the cow, feeding it. But the main occupation of the representatives of this profession is, of course, milking animals. This operation is performed three times a day. Like a machine operator, the profession of a milkmaid is very important in agriculture.

breeder

It is also a very common profession in the countryside. Agricultural occupations may belong to animal husbandry or crop production. The main activity of zootechnics is, as the name suggests, the breeding and rearing of various kinds of farm animals. Workers in this specialty should provide them with the most comfortable conditions for keeping and breeding. In addition, the duties of the breeder include monitoring the health of the “wards” and maintaining the purity of the breed. Also, people of this specialty make sure that all the necessary components are present in the diet of cows, pigs, sheep, horses and goats: vitamins, minerals, proteins, etc.

Among other things, livestock breeders clean and disinfect cowsheds and pigsties, take part in preventive measures to prevent the spread of epidemics. They also monitor the procedure for grazing animals in the summer, as well as the process of preparing food for them for the winter.

poultry house

The duties of representatives of this profession are almost the same as those of a livestock breeder. The only difference is that the poultry house takes care of representatives of birds: chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys, etc. This is also one of the most common specialties in such a sector of the country's economy as agriculture. Professions related to bird care are very complex and responsible.

Veterinarian

Man began to grow and breed animals thousands of years ago. The profession of a veterinarian has existed for about the same amount of time. In ancient times, people of this specialty accompanied caravans and armies, monitoring the health of horses and camels, and in the Middle Ages, professional veterinary schools were opened. In our country, this specialty appeared on the initiative of Peter the Great. It was this emperor who once brought highly qualified veterinarians from Europe to Russia.

Today, as in the past, the main task of the worker Agriculture this profession is the treatment of animals. It is also responsible for the implementation of preventive measures. Veterinarians give birth to animals, vaccinate, sterilize or inseminate. Representatives of this profession also control the use of various kinds of chemicals in the cultivation of crops intended for feeding animals.

Currently, there is a veterinary station in almost every locality. Even in the cities there are similar clinics. True, they treat not agricultural, but ordinary domestic animals - cats and dogs.

Beekeeper

There are different professions in agriculture. On the modern enterprises this industry not only breed animals and grow plants. Beekeeping also belongs to this sphere of the national economy. The profession of a beekeeper is quite rare in our country. However, this does not mean that it is uninteresting or unclaimed. The profession is fascinating, but, like any other agricultural profession, it is quite difficult and very responsible.

The duties of the beekeeper include the formation of new colonies of bees, ensuring their wintering and collecting honey. Also, people of this profession fight diseases of insects entrusted to them, repair hives and equipment. Despite the relative rarity, the profession of a beekeeper will always exist, because many people love honey. In addition, the product is very useful.

Animal breeder

Breeding rabbits, nutrias, arctic foxes is also one of the specializations of such an industry as agriculture. Professions related to the care of such animals are also quite in demand. Fur breeders are responsible for keeping and breeding rabbits and nutria. Their duties include overseeing the conservation of livestock, the purity of the breed, procedures such as feeding, disease prevention and care.

Agroecologist

This profession appeared in agriculture not so long ago. However, today it is almost impossible to imagine crop and livestock production without it. First of all, the agroecologist controls the use of fertilizers and various chemicals in the fields when growing agricultural plants. The task of this specialist is mainly to develop recommendations for minimizing the harm from them. Also, agroecologists in agricultural enterprises deal with the restoration of depleted and eroded soils.

Where can I get an agricultural specialty

Today in our country there are many educational institutions different levels whose tasks include training workers in such an industry as agriculture. Professions of this orientation can be obtained in many cities of our country. Agronomists and veterinarians usually graduate from universities and technical schools. Machine operators are trained in technical schools and colleges. The same goes for milkmaids and poultry maids.

The most famous higher educational institutions where you can get the profession of agricultural workers in our country are agricultural universities:

• Orenburg.
• Kuban.
• St. Petersburg.
• Altaic.
• Voronezh, etc.

Also, highly qualified specialists are trained by the NSHA them. Timiryazev. Of course, the success of the development of such an industry as agriculture directly depends on the quality of training of young specialists. Professions (examples of them were given above) of this group require a person to have quick wits, dexterity, quick thinking, and often physical endurance. In any case, the process of training future veterinarians, agronomists, milkmaids and machine operators should be approached with all responsibility.

1. Complete tasks for group work.

1) Breeding of cattle and small cattle
Write down what cattle and small cattle are bred in your area. (If possible, name the breeds of animals.) cows: dairy (Yaroslavl breed, Kholmogory, Holstein, black-and-white, red steppe, Aishir) and meat and dairy (Kostroma, Swiss, Simmental); sheep(Altai sheep, Caucasian sheep, Kyrgyz, Soviet Mernos, Grozny, Karakul sheep, Askani, Romanov, Merino, Volosh, Edilbay, East Frisian); goats (Russian White, Angora, Don, Alpine, Saanen, Bital, Kiko, Gorno-Altai, Oberhazli, Czech).

2) Pig breeding
Write down what breeds of pigs are bred in your area.

A significant part of the livestock in Russia today falls on large white pigs. This is one of the oldest varieties of farm animals. Other breeds: North Caucasian, Landrace, Northern Siberian, Kemerovo, Ukrainian, Mirgorod pig, Duroc, bacon.

3) horse breeding

Write down what breeds of horses are bred in your area:

riding (domestic breeds, Don, Terek, Russian riding, Budenovskaya)
yarn (domestic breeds Russian and Oryol trotter)
heavy trucks (domestic breeds include Vladimir and Soviet heavy trucks).

4) rabbit breeding

Write down what breeds of rabbits are bred in your area.

russian ermine, hiplus, downy angora, ober, california, new zealand white, french ram, pygmy fox, white giant, gray giant.

5) poultry farming

Write down what kind of poultry are bred in your area. (If possible, name the breeds of birds.)

chickens(brama, Moscow black, velzumer, orlington, adler silver, hungarian giant); geese(Kuban geese, Lindovskiye, Kholmogory, large gray geese, Tula, Toulouse, Governor's geese), turkeys(bronze turkey, North Caucasian silver, North Caucasian white, white Moscow, bronze broad-breasted, Moscow bronze, Uzbek fawn, black Tikhoretskaya,)

6) Fish farming.
Write down what kind of fish are bred in fish farms in your area.

carp, crucian carp, trout, tench, kaluga, beluga, spike, stellate sturgeon, sterlet and a number of hybrids, for example, bester

7) Beekeeping.
Are bees bred in your area? If yes, write down what products are produced by beekeepers in your area.

breeds: yellow Caucasian, Carpathian, Central Russian breed, Buckfast, mountain gray Caucasian, Karnika.
products: honey, propolis, perga, zabrus, royal jelly, wax

2. Dog Ginger is a good friend of many pets. Here's what he came up with. Consider the photographs. Under each photo write the name of the relevant livestock industry

3. As instructed by the textbook (p. 203), observe the work of livestock breeders. Write a short report of your observations. You can draw or paste a photo.

.Raising chickens
We visited a poultry farm where chickens are bred. I was taken to the most interesting places: they showed me a workshop with poultry, told me about the secrets of the high egg production of chickens. They showed not only adult chickens, but also hatched chickens. I learned that in order for chickens to lay a lot of eggs, silence is necessary, uninterrupted feed supply, that is, make sure that the chicken teaches the amount of feed that she needs, that is, 14 - 15 grams per day, so that there is always fresh water. This tour was very interesting and informative.

Report on the observation of the work of livestock breeders.Raising cows
I want to talk about how I was on a farm where cows are raised. A cow is a very useful animal for humans. Meat, milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, butter - all this is given to us by a cow. A cow gives us 25 liters of milk a day, that's almost three big buckets! Milk is very good for health: it contains a lot of vitamins.
There are many cows on the farm, they all live in the barn. Cows sleep in it, and in winter they save themselves from frost and blizzards. Cowsheds are large warm sheds with thick walls, floors and ceilings. The light is always on in them. In the barn, each cow has its own separate “room”. There is a drinking bowl for water and a feeder for food. In summer, cows are taken out to meadows (pastures) where they eat fresh grass.

Report on the observation of the work of livestock breeders.Raising rabbits
Once I was on a mini-farm where rabbits are bred and watched how these furry animals are fed. A farm worker used to fill them with ground fresh grass in special feeders. She said that this was a summer ration and care must be taken that poisonous herbs did not get into the rabbits. In winter, they are fed with hay and a special "mash" of boiled potatoes, vegetables, bran and all kinds of grains. In addition, in winter, rabbits really like sprigs of spruce, birch, pine, apple and maple harvested from summer.

The farm worker said that it is very important to provide the rabbits with enough clean water at room temperature. For each rabbit per day, you need no less than half a liter of water. Otherwise, the food they eat will not be digested. And it is also very important to monitor the cleanliness of the drinkers and feeders of animals, because if they eat from dirty dishes, they will quickly get sick.

During the development of mankind, approximately 27 species of animals were domesticated. They were kept to help with the housework, the manufacture of a wide variety of products, including medicines.

At the same time, over the millennia of cattle breeding, serious selection work has been carried out, breed standards have been approved and adopted. Some animals (for example, dogs) have completely changed beyond recognition.

In agriculture, a whole branch of animal husbandry is devoted to breeding and breeding. Despite the seeming simplicity of working with animals, this profession needs a long and serious study, so it is best for qualified specialists to work in it. One of them is just a livestock breeder.

Animal husbandry - profession or vocation?

A livestock breeder is a specialist in breeding and keeping animals. Depending on their type, narrower directions can be distinguished. Here are some examples:

poultry farming;

beekeeping;

fish farming;

fur farming.

There are also narrower areas - by types of animals: pig breeding, horse breeding, cattle breeding, etc. Of course, this is where you need to be really good at what you do. Understand the characteristics of different breeds, their right conditions maintenance, feeding.

However, knowledge and skills alone are not enough for a livestock breeder - you also need a great desire to work with animals. good specialist in this industry you can name someone who knows how to find mutual language with his wards, sincerely strives to create the most comfortable conditions for them. A specialist in this field should show respect for his "wards", understand the significance of their life for society as a whole, and not treat them consumerly or with disdain.

So it turns out that a livestock breeder is not so much a profession as a vocation.

Responsibilities of the breeder

The main place of work of this specialist is a farm, where he has to perform many different tasks. An example list includes the following:

comprehensive animal care - feeding, cleaning, health monitoring;

selection of individuals for mating, slaughter, sale;

work with young animals (nurturing cubs);

provision of necessary veterinary care, including assistance during childbirth;

monitoring compliance with breed standards;

quality control of feed, conditions of detention;

creation and repair of cages or other premises where animals are kept;

walking animals.

In order to perform all these functions, a specialist must be savvy in the following matters:

basics of veterinary business - determining the first signs of the most common diseases in various kinds, first aid skills for an injured animal;

accepted standards of various breeds;

features of reproduction of various species, rules for their maintenance;

basics of agriculture in a cut modern market;

general zoology.

In addition, representatives of this profession often work in various nurseries. For example, in kennels for dogs of various breeds. In this case, the duties of the breeder will also include the preparation of "wards" for various exhibitions.

Requirements for livestock breeders

Only an adult who has completed special education can work as a livestock breeder. Also, a person without a medical book and a certificate of the absence of contraindications to work cannot be allowed to work. For example, having an allergy to animal hair becomes a serious reason for refusing employment.

Also, such work requires endurance and physical strength, since a worker needs to do a lot on his own, without the help of any machines. For example, delivering food, cleaning pens.

Where to learn the profession of livestock farmer?

Of course, you can get a job on a farm without a specialized education. But in this case, the specialist will be entrusted with only the most simple work- cleaning, feeding. Such a specialist will not be able to engage in selection, select animals for the competition.

Therefore, it is best to get a secondary specialized or higher education in the field of animal husbandry or agriculture. educational institutions, which offer such directions quite a lot, so you can choose the most suitable option according to the conditions of training, form and location.

In addition, quite often large farms or nurseries take on their staff veterinarians, as well as those who have an incomplete education in this field. But in this case, the specialist, of course, will not be a livestock breeder in the full sense of the word.

Ranks of the livestock breeder profession

The skill level of a specialist determines his area of ​​responsibility.

Livestock breeder 3 category

Engaged in auxiliary work on care and maintenance.

Livestock breeder 4 category

Works with cattle most often.

Livestock breeder 5 category

She takes care of pregnant animals, as well as cubs. Must be able to take delivery and assist in the treatment.

Animal breeder 6th category

Most often works with sires. Provides comprehensive care.

Personal qualities of the livestock breeder profession

Of course, the most important quality for a representative of this profession is love for animals. But no less important will be the absence of disgust, a calm attitude to various biological waste, as well as the conduct of certain specific veterinary procedures.

You can also include the following in the list of qualities:

diligence;

a responsibility;

emotional stability;

patience;

attentiveness.

The salary level of the livestock breeder profession

Let the work of a livestock breeder be both responsible and important for the entire agricultural sector, but the level wages of these specialists is quite low. So, on average, representatives of this profession receive about 20,000 rubles.

Pros and cons of being a livestock breeder

The positive aspects of the profession include the following:

the opportunity to work with animals;

demand;

relevance.

The disadvantages of the profession include:

heavy physical labor;

stressful situations;

low wages.