How to mine modern cryptocurrencies on a do-it-yourself mining farm: numbers, tips, problems and their solutions. Animal family farms. Family Farm Projects

Family farms are establishments that are exclusively in private use, as well as wholly owned by the farm. They can be based in accordance with the current legislation of the country. It is worth noting that all members of the farm should be relatives and take the fullest possible part in its development.

How to organize a family farm?

The family farm has every right to hire about five workers to help care for the animals and grow the crops. To properly organize family farms, you need to perform a number of planned actions, as well as collect documents. Today, it is necessary to have a large number of documents in order to obtain permission to open such a business. The list of documentation that will need to be prepared depends entirely on the future farm.

An example can be given when a family decides to open its own livestock organization, where the main activity is cattle breeding and its further maintenance. In this case, it is necessary to take care of acquiring a land plot and obtain a farmer's certificate. If a family farm is opened for the breeding and keeping of small animals or pigs, then the owner will need to purchase the appropriate farmland in countryside. In this case, obtaining a farmer's certificate is not a prerequisite.

You should always remember that in order to get the maximum profit and benefit from farming, you need to organize the cultivation of animal feed, because it is not profitable to buy it.

How to start a family farm?

In addition to the availability of land on the farm, there must be spacious and most reliable premises. Then it will be possible to breed animals for a whole calendar year. Some farmers are faced with the issue of renting or purchasing additional land for the construction of buildings. In the respective government bodies you need to get facilities.

Coordinate everything construction issues necessary in architectural public institutions and local administrations. In some cases, farms can be planned on a large scale, in which case the owner needs to go through the registration procedure as legal entity and get a certificate.

Documentation and permission to open a farm

In order for the farm to function and make a profit, participants must draw up a business plan and engage in careful preparation of project documentation. After the farmer has prepared the main list of documents, and completed all the necessary construction works, you need to obtain permission from various government agencies.

Need to contact:

• In the sanitary epidemiological station.
• To the labor inspector.
• to fire departments.

All documents and permits received are referred to the administration, which will issue a decree to open family farms. After completing all the above points, you can hire service staff. To work on the farm, workers will be required who will carefully take care of the animals. You need to hire accountants, veterinarians, livestock specialists, agronomists, as well as specialists in sowing the right crops.

Why do I need a grant when opening a family-type farm?

Many people do not understand the importance and necessity of getting a grant. Now family farms can issue it for the establishment and development of the institution. To date, the grant is issued in the amount of 60 percent, which are calculated from the amount of all costs. They must be indicated without fail during the preparation of a business plan, as well as in plans for expenses.

But it is worth noting that no more than 10 million rubles can be allocated for one farm. in this case will not be taken into account and taken into account.

The farmer must have a 40 percent share of his own Money. Current legislature allows farm owners to take loans for development own business. But in this case, the amount cannot exceed more than ten percent of your own money.

Restrictions and requirements for farmers to receive a grant

There are several main restrictions that apply to all applicants for a grant:

Family Farm Projects

Today, cows on the farm are considered a guarantee of profit and incredible prosperity. Family dairy farms have a large number of advantages and benefits, even despite the ever-changing way of life in society. Animal farms are a useful and even profitable business. This is explained by the following points:

• By raising cattle, you can get fresh meat and dairy products. The family will be constantly provided exclusively natural products which are necessary for a healthy and proper diet.
• Meat and dairy products that are produced on farms are in demand and in demand.
• Such an organization can become a wonderful family business.

Family farm projects include the following technical and economic indicators:

1. Production capacity is the total amount of milk and the average annual production of dairy products.
2. Calculation of needs for energy resources. Farmers must take care of water supply, electricity and heating.
3. Feed, straw and other costs expendable materials for a whole year.
4. The amount of manure output.
5. Calculation of material investments.
6. The total area of ​​the farm and land.

Family dairy farms

The construction of a dairy farm must be carried out in full compliance with all technical solutions. Each farmer is obliged to clearly understand the costs of maintaining the creation of a feeding, watering and milking system. Projects of family dairy farms should include information, which will indicate such indicators as design features, type of foundation, number of walls, ceilings, material for insulation of the foundation, windows and doors. The development of family livestock farms requires large financial investments and a well-planned plan.

One of the most promising directions small business is currently agribusiness. Now in this area appears great amount new technologies, means and methods. So all you need is a good business idea.

Breeding rabbits

Properly organized mini farm will allow you to achieve good profits through rabbit breeding. Compared to other farm animals, rabbits have a huge number of important advantages. First of all, it is important to note that these cute animals are distinguished by excellent fertility. Supermarkets and restaurants are ready to buy rabbit meat. You will definitely not have problems with the sale of products. Rabbits never accumulate poisons in their bodies. That is why their meat is so highly valued.

This production is one hundred percent profitable. If everything is organized correctly, then you can turn rabbit breeding into a very profitable business. The area of ​​one cage for rabbits must be at least 1.5 square meters. m. On one hundred square meters of land, you can place up to 15 such cells. The floor is made in the form of a lattice. The walls on the north side will need to be insulated. Sunlight and warmth should come from the south side.

For one mini-farm you will need 300 kg of hay and 500 kg of combined feed per year. Highly great importance for start-up capital has a selected breed of rabbits. For divorce, several males and twice as many females are acquired. For starters, you can limit yourself to 16 females.

Growing greenery

Today in Russia, the hydroponic method of growing greens is very widespread. With it, you all year round you can grow onions, lettuce, parsley, dill, etc. The approximate dimensions of the mini-farm are: height - 2.3 m, length - 4 m, width - 1.5 m. At the same time, the hydroponic plantation is placed on five tray shelves. Permanent cultivation of greenery will be realized in them.

On each shelf, air temperature adjustment and lighting should be provided. Shelves are divided into beds with cells. You only need to provide plants with food and sow new seeds. Such mini farms are ideal for restaurants and other establishments. Catering. The only drawback of such a business is that you will have to seriously fork out for start-up capital.

quail farm

Raising quails is very popular in modern conditions. Unlike, both quail eggs and meat are in demand. Quail mini farm can consist of 500 individuals. Only two people can serve such a farm. You will be able to receive the first profit in five months.

The ideal food for quails are wheat, barley, fishmeal, sunflower cake and corn. At the first stage, you will need to purchase cell batteries and an incubator. Remember that quails are very sensitive to temperature changes. They love fresh air, but drafts for quails are dangerous. On an area of ​​20 sq. m. can easily accommodate 700 individuals. In just a year, this number can grow tenfold at once. The profitability of quail breeding is really very high. However, you should always remember that you will have to forget about vacations, weekends and holidays.

Goose mini-farm

First of all, think about official registration. You can open a farm or register as an individual entrepreneur. All details are best checked with local accountants or lawyers. Registration will be useful for obtaining benefits, as well as for wholesale trade. If you expect to cope with a small number of geese, then the ideal option would, of course, be registering an individual entrepreneur.

To keep geese, you will need open-air cages and insulated indoor areas. Try to find some abandoned farm and buy it. Such territories, originally adapted for breeding geese, exist in many villages. You can buy goslings at bird farms, at the zoo market or via the Internet. One of the most popular schemes for making money on raising geese is as follows:

– Birds are grown for sale within 4 months;

- The last 3-4 weeks they should be fed in accordance with a special methodology (maize should be included in the diet). So the geese short time will be able to gain maximum weight;

- Some of the geese are slaughtered after intensive fattening and then sold. For the production of offspring, the most viable specimens are left.

In most cases, a mini goose farm pays for itself in the first year. One carcass can be sold for 500-700 rubles. At the same time, the number of geese is constantly increasing, since new goslings appear from the eggs. When investing for each goose 1000 r. per year (this includes the payment of staff, food, etc.), it will be able to bring you a profit of 5-10 thousand rubles.

Fish breeding

Today, this industry is developing at a rapid pace around the world. National economy like farming. In almost any city or village there is a person involved in this business. Until recently, farming has declined significantly, but in recent years it has flourished again and brings huge profits to its owners.

It should be noted that farming makes it possible to sell such valuable products on the market as, for example, meat (pork, beef, poultry), milk and dairy products (sour cream, cottage cheese, cream), eggs, offal (liver, kidneys), animal hair, fluff Meat and milk are indispensable components of food, in this regard, they will always be in demand, and this, in turn, guarantees profit for private entrepreneurs.

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Required documents and permits

Before you start work, you need to decide for yourself what exactly you need to do and what is most profitable. Currently, there are several types of farms: livestock, poultry, dairy, crop farms, bee farms and others. Each of them is profitable in some way. So, the first step towards opening a farm is choosing a location. It can be a large farming settlement or a small house with a designated area.

It is unprofitable to build a farm from scratch, as there are many abandoned lands that are not used by anyone. The easiest way would be to buy them with the land. It will cost much less.

Secondly, you need to decide on the type, that is, what or who you will contain. Thirdly, it is important to clearly define the scale of the economy. If this is crop production, here you need to correctly calculate the required area for planting. If this is animal husbandry, then the number of possible livestock, the necessary equipment and the size of the premises are calculated. If it is planned in the future to sell products in various retail chains, then you need to collect a whole list of important documents, such as a lease or purchase agreement for land, permission from the Rospotrebnadzor authorities, the fire inspectorate for housekeeping. You also need to register as individual entrepreneur. All products must be issued quality and safety certificates, as well as a veterinary examination of meat products.

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Planning and procurement of equipment

One of the most expensive, along with the purchase of feed (if it is a livestock farm), will be the purchase of equipment. If this is a large farm, then the costs can reach up to 2-3 million rubles. Equipment can be found by asking nearby farmers for information. The fact that it can take several months in time is also very important, because after the purchase it must also be rationally arranged and installed. Next important point It's the layout of the room. As mentioned above, the areas can be very different. If this is livestock or poultry farming, then the organization of stalls for livestock or cages for poultry will be mandatory. Individual feeders and devices for cleaning manure and debris are also installed here.

The room should be warm both in winter and in summer. The temperature during the cold period should not be lower than 17 degrees. For this purpose, it applies gas system heating, other options are possible. In addition, the humidity must be maintained at a constant level. The presence of drafts reduces the productivity of animals, especially egg production. But, nevertheless, the room must be constantly ventilated. Lighting should be uniform.

Let's take a closer look at how to organize some types of farms.

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pig farm

Pig farming is one of the most widespread and profitable farming areas. An interesting fact is that pork is the second most popular meat after poultry, as it is cheaper than beef and has good taste. Its consumption is 30% of all meat products. Pig-breeding farms are divided into 3 groups according to their size. The first of them is large pig-breeding complexes, where the number of livestock is more than 12,000. The second is from 100 to 12,000 and the third is private land, where there are less than 100 animals.

The advantage of raising pigs is that they grow very fast, about 10 times faster than cattle. This makes them irreplaceable and very valuable in the market. In addition, they also gain their mass quickly. By 6 months of age, well-fed pigs can weigh 100 kg and are ready for slaughter. Another advantage is that these animals fully use and absorb all the nutrients from the feed. Pigs are unpretentious in food and maintenance. They breed well. If there are 300-350 heads of sows, there should be 15-10 boars, the rest are fattened for slaughter.

Equipment for this kind of premises should be special. In most cases, pigs are fed dry food, so you need to purchase machines for feeding it. The equipment includes: a bunker, feed lines, dispensers. If there is a place to be individual nutrition, then feeders are provided. It is very important to purchase drinkers for pigs and feeders, machine tools.

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Purchase of animals and necessary feed

You can buy piglets or pigs at the nearest livestock market. It is worth starting with 300-350 individuals, and the queens and boars should be purchased from different buyers in order to avoid inbreeding and reduce the productivity of livestock. Such a number of pigs will require a huge amount of feed. Up to 35 tons of feed will be required per year, as well as approximately 300 kg of special additives. The latter is mandatory, since top dressing contains vitamins and minerals necessary for the body of pigs, which may be scarce in the daily diet. Proper balanced nutrition will contribute to the rapid growth and proper development of young and adult individuals. Seriously, it is worth considering the points of purchase of feed. It is important that the supplier sells quality products, otherwise the profit may be zero.

As for the cost, the purchase of equipment will take about 2-3 million rubles. Payable every month wages staff will need: 10-15 thousand pigs and 20-25 veterinarians. But the most expensive will, of course, be food. Indeed, for the purchase, for example, 15 kg of compound feed, you need to spend 120 rubles. The profitability of the project will be about 25%. Payback periods are very different, on average 2-3 years.

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poultry farm

Poultry has been the main product of the meat industry in recent years. The reasons for this are the low cost of meat on the market, the high demand, and the ease of breeding poultry. Poultry, and mainly chicken, ranks first in terms of consumption, leaving pork and beef behind. Consider how to open a poultry farm from scratch. Unlike pig breeding, such a business does not require expensive equipment and large areas for premises. A business from scratch for growing chickens is considered very profitable, while the profitability is 100%. Chickens are the main supplier of eggs and meat. The conditions of detention for them are especially simple: they require constant care and supervision, which takes from 2 to 4 hours a day.

The bird is kept in chicken coops with individual or collective feeders, while observing certain rule: all birds are fed at about the same time. Dry coma, chopped grass, cereals, bread, and so on are introduced into the diet. Chickens should be fed well. Finely chopped shells or gravel must be poured into the feeders so that the birds can make up for the calcium deficiency. It is very important that the room where the animals are kept is well heated and ventilated, but without drafts. You can buy chickens on the market, they are inexpensive. To make a deal, you will need documents on vaccinations, information about age, previous diseases, the name of the breed, that is, the so-called passport.

Eggs are one of the most sought after foods in the diet. modern man. Yes, and chicken meat is popular among people who monitor their health and prefer proper nutrition. Dietary, protein-rich, chicken egg meat enjoys in great demand which, in turn, encourages many aspiring entrepreneurs to build a business around it. Chicken farm: how profitable is it and where to start?

The relevance of this idea determines, first of all, the great demand for eggs and dietary meat. Recently, with the emergence of a trend towards healthy sports nutrition, the demand for protein foods has increased significantly, which indicates great prospects for the development of this area.

The advantage of breeding chickens is also the simplicity of the process. You can engage in a small poultry farm even in the city, having a small plot of land.

All that is needed for a business is to build a chicken coop, study the technology of breeding birds, purchase equipment and feed. Armed with the necessary knowledge and simple skills, proceed to the implementation this business Any budding entrepreneur can.

Chicken breeding

1. High demand for products. In spite of more competition supply in this industry does not exceed demand. Eggs are bought at any time of the year.
2. Minimum investment. The project does not require large capital investments. Subsequently, it is possible to increase the number of birds by expanding production and investing the money already earned on breeding birds.
3. Low maintenance costs. The price of feed is small, and the sale of eggs will more than cover the cost of maintaining laying hens.
4. Ease of content. Unlike other pets and birds, chickens are the most unpretentious in keeping, so anyone can implement such a business, having the simplest skills and knowledge.
5. Productivity. This business is good because you can sell eggs, meat, feathers, chickens.

The downside is the high competition. Due to the simplicity in keeping and unpretentiousness of chickens, many novice businessmen prefer this particular area of ​​agricultural activity. Therefore, for the successful implementation of the project, it will be necessary to immediately think over the distribution channels.

After analyzing all the advantages and disadvantages, we can conclude that this business is perfect for a novice entrepreneur and as a family business. It will be possible to equip a chicken coop in a small area, and you can earn income from the very first days.

In order to clearly demonstrate the attractiveness of the chicken breeding business idea, let's analyze the statistics.

In Russia, one adult eats about 280 eggs a year on average. Considering that about 100 million people belong to the adult part, we can talk about a fairly large market for the sale of products.

In addition, the trend towards healthy eating generates demand for ecological products. Therefore, for small farms today begins the era of promising development. Even with a small investment, you can start with a small poultry house, gradually developing it to the level of a small poultry farm.

Where to start raising chickens?

But, before you start making money on breeding chickens, you need to clearly define the format and business model for yourself. This will allow you to choose the right premises, equipment, staff and form sales channels.

The direction of this business can be implemented in two directions:

• breeding laying hens for the sale of eggs;
• maintenance of broilers for meat marketing;
• breeding thoroughbred chickens for incubation.

The versatility of this business lies in the fact that you can work in several directions at once. This will avoid a seasonal downturn and reduce external risks that affect the profitability and profitability of the business. But in order to work in several directions at once, it is necessary to have serious investments.

But breeding laying hens solely for the sale of eggs does not require large investments and can be implemented by anyone.

The first stage in this business is connected with the choice of a land plot and the equipment of a poultry house in which birds will be kept.

The second stage is the creation necessary conditions, purchase of feed and equipment.

The third stage is the marketing of products and further development business.

With proper business organization and proper bird care, a home farm will not cause great difficulties.

In order for the chickens not to fly out of the box, you need to think over the cover, at this age the chicks are already quite frisky. Growing up, the bird will require more space. By this time, it will already be necessary to build a small poultry house from an old barn or re-build a mini farm.

Before the onset of cold weather, it is necessary to take care of walking the young for good development, but for the winter it is not necessary to release them. By the third month of life, the chicks can be distinguished by gender - this will allow you to correctly distribute the livestock into sections.

An excellent option would be to develop a business in two directions: breeding laying hens next to broilers. While the young broilers are growing up, the businessman will already receive income from the sale of eggs daily. Thus, laying hens will be able to contain all other broilers.

For small farm, breeding laying hens is the most viable option from a business point of view. A healthy young laying hen, on average, begins to lay at the age of 5-6 months. There are special breeds, crosses, which are distinguished by increased productivity and begin to rush already from 4-4.5 months.

The average egg production of one chicken is 270 eggs per year. But the weight of such birds is small, about 1.5 kg, so the sale of "waste" material will not allow you to earn a lot of money.

The best time to start this business is early spring. The day goes to profit and the bird will have the opportunity to spend the maximum amount of time outside, which has a positive effect on its development, health and productivity. In addition, maintenance costs will be minimized from May to September. With the onset of autumn, it will be necessary to leave lamps in the chicken coop for 4-5 hours in order to extend the "light" day of the bird, and this will entail the cost of paying utility bills.

Despite the unpretentiousness of chickens in terms of keeping, there are certain norms that should not be deviated from when breeding these birds.

So, for example, keeping more than four individuals in one cage is unacceptable. Otherwise, it will negatively affect the health of layers and performance.

In order to keep the house clean it was easier, it is necessary to equip each cage with a tray in which feathered waste, feathers, and leftover food will be collected. This will allow you to quickly and effortlessly adhere to sanitary standards.
In order to properly equip the chicken coop and pick up optimal conditions content, it is important to determine the purpose of breeding.

In total, there are three main types of chickens:

• egg breed;
• meat (broiler);
• universal.

There are also fighting, decorative, valuable breeds of chickens, but this is a more difficult option for business and we will not focus on them in this article.

By focusing on one of the bird species, it will be easy to properly equip the conditions of detention and food. It is important to consider the size of the site, climate.

The egg type lives for about 3-4 years, with proper care they can be carried for 3 years. The meat of the egg breed is not distinguished by high palatability, therefore this breed is bred solely for the sale of eggs and incubation.

The most common breeds among egg hens are Loman Brown, Pushkinskaya, Kuchinsky Yubileinaya and Leggorn.

To get meat and make money on this particular product, it will be necessary to purchase meat broiler chickens. The advantage of this type of bird is a quick weight gain. But for full development and rapid weight gain, you need to choose a special diet.

Broilers consume 50-60% more feed than laying hens and this fact should be taken into account when calculating maintenance costs. From the slightest hypothermia, broilers can get sick, so you need to exclude strong drafts in the chicken coop, leaving only natural or forced ventilation.

Speaking of simple conditions keeping these birds, it should be understood that they are also subject to a sharp temperature drop, hypothermia. Yes, and some types of diseases do not bypass them, therefore, to maintain sanitation in the chicken coop, from time to time you can involve a veterinarian to inspect the livestock. This is especially true for those entrepreneurs who breed birds over 200-300 heads.

The optimum temperature for chicken is about 20-22 degrees Celsius. It is under such conditions that laying hens are most productive, and broilers gain weight well.

For a large poultry farm, it is advisable to purchase special equipment that will maintain this optimal temperature regime. For a small “at home” farm, the population of which does not exceed 20-30 pieces, it is important to simply ensure that the bird does not overheat in the sun in the heat and does not overcool in the winter.

Breeders need to take care not only of the permanent habitat of living creatures, but also of the walking area. To do this, you need to install small containers with water, especially in the hot summer period, in which the bird can clean its feathers and take a bath. This allows the birds to cool down and clean their feathers from insects and pests on their own.

Equipping the chicken coop, you should consider a good flooring. It should not be made of concrete. The ideal option is wood or clay. In this case, the top layer should be covered with sawdust. This forms a dry, warm mound that will maintain optimal temperature conditions in the poultry house.

Chicken care and feeding

Each breed of chicken has its own recommendations for care and feeding. A deviation in the diet can cause illness and reduce the performance of chickens. Therefore, the diet should be selected in accordance with the breed of the bird.

Having focused in your activities on breeding and keeping chickens, consider the following points:

• for the health of chickens, the sanitary condition of the cages is of great importance, so you need to carefully monitor the condition of the house;
• the cell must have a fine mesh;
• in no case should hypothermia be allowed for small birds - this is detrimental to chicks. If the chicks hatch in winter period, you need to equip the nursery with a special lamp and heater;
• for feeding, you should select a special feed intended for chickens. Vitamins, minerals, useful trace elements must be present in the diet;
• Drinking plenty of water is also very important for chickens. In addition to water, you can add glucose, yogurt to the diet. The main rule is that the liquid should not be cold in order to prevent hypothermia;
• when the chicks reach 20-22 days old, the chicks can be taken outside for a short time. If outside the window low temperature, you should refrain from walking.

In winter, the cost of keeping and feeding chickens will be higher than in summer, because special vitamins and minerals will need to be added to the diet. You do not need to feed the bird with only specialized food. This is unreasonably expensive and will have a bad effect on the profitability of the business. It is enough to include special additives three times a week in the bird's diet.

On average, one chicken should receive about 100 grams of special compound feed per week.

The main food of birds will remain grain (barley, millet, wheat, corn). You can make mixtures in the ratio 60/20/20, the basis of which will be wheat. To increase productivity and improve health, fodder yeast, bone meal can be added to the feed.

Chicks at the feeder

In a chicken coop or cage, in addition to food, there should always be fresh drinking water. For this purpose, special drinkers for chickens are great, which you can make yourself or buy in a store. In our article in detail about the varieties of drinkers, as well as step by step instructions for manufacturing.

For growing young, sprouted grain is a good food, especially in winter, when the bird does not have the opportunity to peck grass. To do this, wheat should be soaked in a bucket of water, covered with polyethylene, and a day later put on burlap in one layer. Left for 2-3 days in a warm place, wheat will soon give the first shoots. For chickens, this will be a kind of delicacy, which, moreover, fills the daily need for minerals and vitamins.

Adding small shells to the diet has a beneficial effect on the musculoskeletal system. This moment is especially important when keeping a huge livestock and the inability to provide the bird with full walks around the yard.

Writing a business plan: why?

Any business venture is always preceded by a long stage of planning. After all, it is necessary to carefully weigh everything, calculate the cost estimate, correctly determine the premises, analyze the market and outline distribution channels.

Without proper planning, it is impossible to implement any project. Without careful analysis competitive environment, studying supply and demand, it is impossible not only to correctly formulate a pricing policy, but also to find strengths project.

A business plan is an important document in the hands of a novice entrepreneur that will help to successfully implement a project and avoid serious mistakes. A kind of desktop manual will tell you how to act step by step, rationally distributing your forces and resources.

The role of writing a business plan is especially important if a novice entrepreneur plans to attract investors to the project. In this case, you can write two documents: for external and internal use. And if internal document will clearly reflect weak sides project, focusing on which you can avoid serious errors, then the document for external use is intended for investors and business partners.

It should not distort data and financial calculations, but at the same time, it can focus on the prospects of businesses, on its strengths. This will convince investors to invest the money needed to implement the project.

Planning is the key to business success

Business plan for breeding chickens: step by step instructions

Regardless of the field of activity, scale and development, a business plan has a clearly defined structure that allows you to correctly adjust activities and rationally allocate resources.

1. organizational part. This chapter describes in detail the stage of business registration, search for premises, recruitment of personnel and purchase of equipment.
2. Production part.
3. Financial part. One of the most important and complex chapters of the document. This part reflects the calculation of the costs associated with the implementation of the business. It is important to calculate the income, payback, profitability of the business. Incorrectly made calculations can jeopardize the entire business, reduce efficiency and productivity.

organizational plan

Register entrepreneurial activity and bear the cost of paying taxes only if the farm population exceeds 100 pieces. Otherwise, it is inappropriate to do so.

To legalize a business, you can choose the form of an individual entrepreneur or LLC. The choice determines the scale and prospects of production. For a novice farmer, whose number of livestock will not exceed 100-150 chickens, the best option is to register an individual entrepreneur and select the Single Tax form.

In addition to registering the activity itself, it is necessary to obtain permission from the veterinary service, without which it will not be possible to sell products. Not a single store or cafe will buy meat and eggs without proper documents.

Arrangement of a chicken coop

The advantage of this business is that you can build a chicken coop with your own hands, minimizing costs.

To equip the house, you will need slate, cinder block, old boards, bricks. Even without serious skills in the field of construction, it is not at all difficult to build a small barn that will contain laying hens.

The simplest and most budgetary option would be to convert an old barn into a chicken coop. It is necessary to insulate the walls and floor so that the bird does not freeze in the winter. To save money, you can use straw, dry leaves, needles as a heater. To prevent rodents from starting on the bird farm, the walls should be well treated with lime.

The main task will be its insulation and protection from external precipitation. Good insulation will avoid a decline in performance in the winter. Mineral wool is suitable as a heater.

For climatic zones, where in winter the temperature drops below 25-30 degrees Celsius, it is necessary to equip the chicken coop with a simple potbelly stove.

When building a poultry house, the following points must be considered:

1. Floor and wall insulation. This is to ensure round-the-clock productivity of chickens.
2. Do not make ceilings higher than two meters. Even if a large production is planned, it is better to build a wider chicken coop than a tall one.
3. The poultry house should immediately be divided into several sections, which will facilitate its maintenance.
4. Be sure to consider the natural ventilation of the room and direct access to daylight. Without these factors, chickens will not lay eggs. Keep in mind that the average light day for a chicken starts at 6 am and lasts until 7 pm. In winter, this must be compensated by supplying white eclectic light, otherwise you should not count on a good toe of chickens.
5. Maintaining the poultry house in a hygienic condition. Complete disinfection should be carried out periodically to minimize the risk of spreading viruses and bacteria.
6. Experts recommend that the entrance to the house be located on the east side - this increases the performance of layers.
7. Whatever type of keeping chickens you choose: cellular or outdoor, you should equip a separate area for walking. This area should be adjacent to the poultry house.

The implementation of the chicken coop itself can have a floor format or a cellular one. With cage keeping, the purchase of special cages for keeping birds is required. This option is most preferable for large livestock and for keeping meat breeds.

With small volumes of production and the content of laying hens, it is better to choose the floor type of chicken coop arrangement. In this case, the chickens move freely on the ground.

Production plan

Search and selection of personnel

When the premises and the bird walking area are ready, it is necessary to start recruiting staff. For a small farm of 100-150 heads, it is enough to hire 2-3 people whose functional responsibilities will be universal.

Ready chicken coop

Of course, you can independently clean the cages, feed the chickens. But for large scale production additional workers not enough.

We need a worker who will clean the cages, maintain the sanitary condition of the chicken coop, feed, buy feed, transport products to the market or breed for wholesale customers.

For the incubation process, a separate person is needed who will monitor the condition of the unit, select eggs, etc.

For a poultry farm of 100-150 heads, it is enough to hire two people:

• chicken care worker;
• courier / driver who will additionally purchase feed and negotiate with suppliers.

It is better to invite a veterinarian from outside, and not to keep a permanent staff unit.

Purchase of chickens

After the land plot for the poultry farm is selected and the chicken coop is built, the milestone from which the farmer's business begins. This is the purchase of the chickens themselves.

This is perhaps the most important stage in the entire project, on which the profitability and profitability of the business depends.

Many farmers go the simplest way and purchase adult laying hens, believing that they will start generating income literally from the first day. Ideally, of course, this will allow you to quickly start making money, but it can also have a downside.

Lack of experience can serve as a bait for unscrupulous sellers who, instead of productive laying hens, will sell adult already used material from large poultry farms. As a result, there will be no talk of any profit here.

Buying a bird

The purchase of young animals in the form of daily chicks can also cause many difficulties. They need to provide competent care, which inexperienced breeders cannot always do.

The best option is to buy grown up young animals at the age of 10-14 days. Very strong, they are not so whimsical to temperature regime and conditions of detention. The main task is to maintain cleanliness, natural ventilation in the poultry house and good nutrition with the addition of vitamins and trace elements. In this case, you will be able to minimize mistakes and allow you to start getting a good income from selling eggs.

Purchase of equipment

To start a business, you can not buy expensive equipment in the form of special lamps, an incubator, cells. You can reach this level after 2-3 years of doing business.

If the farmer immediately focuses on large production, then the following equipment will be required to keep laying hens:

So, to start a small poultry farm, you need to purchase:

• incubator - 12 thousand rubles
• cages or perches - 5 thousand rubles.
• brooder - 5 thousand rubles.

Incubators do an excellent job of laying hens, increasing productivity and reducing your labor costs by several times. Types of incubator General characteristics, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the incubator.

For large-scale production of eggs and meat, experts advise paying attention to additional industrial equipment:

• mill for feed production;
• refrigerator and freezer for product storage;
• automatic machine for plucking chicken feathers.

Marketing plan

This chapter of business planning allows you to focus on finding and expanding distribution channels, which, in turn, increases production efficiency.

When searching for channels, it is important to correctly analyze the market, identify the main competitors, identify their strengths, set a price for products that will allow you to effectively expand your business and at the same time quickly sell products.

Sales channels

One of the advantages of this type of business is the high demand and ease of sale of eggs and meat. With proper planning, it will not be difficult for a novice farmer to establish reliable marketing channels for products.

Distribution channels can be fairs, farmers' markets, catering establishments, supermarkets, restaurants, canteens educational institutions etc.

With a large scale of production, some farmers open their own points of sale, but this requires careful preparation and additional investment.

For those new to farming, the marketing phase of products is one of the most difficult.

However, in order to properly organize the marketing of meat and eggs, it is important to perform the following steps.

1. Analyze the market and major major players. This will allow you to focus on their success.
2. Identify their strengths and draw a parallel with your business.
3. To study the forms of marketing of competitors, their prices.
4. Build your own business position. Keep in mind that prices should not be too low. This will not allow the expansion of production.

Financial plan

To determine the prospects and benefits of a business, it is enough to make simple calculations of expenses and income.

The bulk of the costs will be for the construction of the poultry house itself, the purchase of equipment and materials. When pricing, it is important to take into account the cost of production, which includes such costs as feed, utility bills, salaries, transport, etc.

When calculating the payback, the initial investment in construction, repair, and the purchase of equipment is mainly taken into account. But when calculating profitability, one should take into account monthly expenses in the form of buying feed, transportation costs, and employee salaries.

In this article, we determine the average payback of a business. For example, let's take an average poultry farm with a population of 100 birds.

Expenses

The item of all expenses for breeding chickens can be divided into two types:

• capital (one-time);
• monthly.

Table. capital spending.

Among the monthly costs, the bulk will be for the purchase of feed and payment of workers.

On average, one laying hen eats about 42 kg of feed, about 3.5 kg per month. The cost of feed per month for one laying hen is 30 rubles.

To minimize costs, it is advisable to make compound feed with your own hands. This will positively affect the profitability of the business.

Table. Monthly expenses.

How profitable is a domestic poultry farm: summing up

To calculate the payback period, it is important to calculate the income from the sale of eggs and meat. To do this, we will divide the products into 2 parts and separately calculate each item of income.

The laying hen begins to lay at the age of 4.5-5 months, on average producing about 25 eggs every month. On average per year, one cross produces about 250 eggs.

The cost of 1 egg is 5 rubles.

Income from the sale of eggs:

1 laying hen per month will bring about 125 rubles (25 * 5).

But you need to understand that, even with a livestock of 100 pieces, not all eggs will be sold. About 20% must be set aside for incubation so as not to purchase young animals from other farms.

Thus, only 160 laying hens will produce eggs for sale.

Let's calculate the income:

160 * 125r = 20 thousand rubles a month can be earned from the sale of eggs.

Add to this income from the sale of meat.

1 chicken weighing 3 kg costs 300 rubles.

On average, selling about 30 chickens every month, you can get an income of 9 thousand rubles.

In addition to these main income items, you can profit from the sale of feathers, manure, etc. Such by-products are also in demand in the market.

So, the total income of the farm per month will be about 30 thousand rubles. The average payback period for a farm is approximately 6 months.

Chicken business review

Summing up and speaking about the profitability of this type of business, we can conclude that even with a small livestock of 200 chickens, you can reach a stable monthly income of 30-35 thousand rubles.

Chickens are a source of income

Farmers who successfully occupy this niche, over time, turn their attention to related services, investing in additional equipment.

With the right approach, average profitability poultry farms is about 200%. Thus, the money invested will quickly pay off and allow the farmer to receive a stable income without spending much effort on advertising and searching for distribution channels.

Video - Business idea for breeding chickens

Mini farms for cattle (cattle) are created for the production of meat and dairy products. Keeping cattle is a profitable and profitable business that requires a certain approach and a set of knowledge.

Grazing for a cow is more convenient than keeping in a stall

Preparatory work

The creation of a cattle farm begins with the creation of a business plan that provides for the main stages of implementing the idea:

• Select a site with the necessary communications or with the possibility of their implementation.
• Determine the number of livestock.
• Choose the type of mini-farm direction and the type of animal keeping.
• Decide on the technical premises, equipment.

Farm project for 10 cows

When building a mini farm for 50 heads, a frame or frameless method is used. In the first version, the barn is built taking into account the wishes of the farmer from bricks, cinder blocks, concrete slabs. The frameless method is the construction of a hangar from metal structures. This is a more economical option, but the lack of windows in the hangar deprives the barn of natural ventilation.

Schematic diagram of farm ventilation

The cowsheds provide for ventilation, water supply, lighting, sewerage.

When building or buying a barn, they proceed from the planned number of animals and the norms for their maintenance. When keeping cows, it is important to take into account for each of them from six square meters of area, and for a cow with a calf - from ten square meters.

Area per cow

Keeping cows in stalls has its advantages: the animal has a place where it is fed, watered and milked. With the free movement of cows on the farm, they allocate places for rest, feeding and milking, separate separate pens for calves and bulls. Behind the stalls, a meter-wide passage is arranged for a chute with manure and slurry. The gutter is taken out of the barn through a specially provided window. The floor is made with a slope for the drainage of liquids; an adobe floor with boards rammed into it is practical. In addition to the barn, the farmer will need a room for feed, a place to store manure, a place for walking / grazing animals.

Winter walk at the farm

In cowsheds, it is necessary to maintain a certain microclimate. The table shows the requirements necessary for the comfortable keeping of young animals and cows older than one year.

Options	room
		loose content
Temperature	10 0 C (8 0 C -12 0 C)	6 0 C (5 0 C -8 0 C)
Humidity
Permissible carbon dioxide content

Cow barn with calf

Equipment

Keeping cows in a mini farm is impossible without necessary equipment: you will need feeders, drinkers, a milk pipeline (to a large farm), milking machines and systems. Farms for cows must be equipped with feeders. by the most simple view The feeder is a wooden chute, which is made in one piece or with folding sides for easy cleaning. For a large herd of cattle, group feeders are used.

Several cows can be milked by hand, but for milking a large number cows, portable milking machines with buckets or Herringbone-type systems are used.

For hardware milking, it is necessary to provide a stall for milking

Scales for cattle are used to check the weight gain of animals, cows are weighed before sale. Scales represent a platform with a protection for fixing of an animal.

If it is not possible to buy scales in small private farms, the weight of cows is determined by measuring the oblique body length and chest girth. To calculate the weight, the Trukhanovsky formula is used. The result obtained is increased by 5% - 10% with a high fatness of the animal, and reduced by the same percentages with a fatness below the average level.

Drawing how to make wood feeders

Metal feeder for hay

Drinkers for cattle

In free-range farms it is possible to install a group drinker or individual automatic drinkers for each cow. Group drinkers are divided into stationary and mobile. Stationary use in a barn, mobile on pastures.

If cows are kept in stalls, individual automatic drinkers or level-type drinkers are installed.

Metal drinker in the barn

In small mini farms, buckets are often used. Drinkers for cattle are bought in a store or made on their own, but drinkers industrial production more hygienic. Without harm to the health of cows, metal, cast iron or plastic drinkers are used. Drinking bowls with water heating are also produced. Experts recommend the use of individual automatic drinking bowls, their use helps to avoid mass infection.

Feeding the calves in the barn

paddock

To create a farm and walk animals, a land plot is bought or rented. The main thing is that it should be in a high place, without lowlands, the best option is former farmland, abandoned collective farm or state farm land, no further than a kilometer from the barn. According to experts, during the grazing season, the cost of medicines is reduced, including the need for fewer drugs for insemination.