Average profitability indicators by industry. What is the most profitable business in Russia? What indicators are considered acceptable

Profitability by type economic activity(by industry)— profitability by type of economic activity (by industry) is determined annually by the federal tax service Russian Federation(FTS RF).

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Dzhaarbekov Stanislav, tax consultant, lawyer. Website: Taxd.ru

In the same file and the tax burden by type of economic activity (in Excel format).

Profitability by type of economic activity is calculated by the Federal Tax Service of Russia on the basis of and is indicated in Appendix No. 4 to this document.

The Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation calculates two indicators of profitability:

Profitability of sold goods (products, works, services)- the ratio between the value of the balanced financial result (profit minus loss) from the sale of goods (products, works, services) and the cost of goods sold (products, works, services), taking into account commercial and management expenses. In the event that a loss is received from the sale of goods (products, works, services), there is a loss.

Profitability of goods sold (products, works, services) \u003d Profit from sales (p. 2200): (Cost of goods (works, services) sold (p. 2120) + Cost of commercial expenses (p. 2210) + Cost of management expenses (p. 2220 ))

Return on assets- the ratio of the balanced financial result (profit minus loss) and the value of the assets of organizations. If the balanced financial results(profit minus loss) negative - there is a loss.

Return on assets = Profit from sales (p. 2200) : Value of assets.

The value of assets (non-current and current) is determined based on the data of the accounting (financial) statements and is equal to the Assets indicator of the Balance Sheet.

Profitability by type of economic activity (by industry) for 2018

	Annex No. 4 to the order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated 30.05.07 No. MM-3-06 / [email protected]
Profitability of sold goods, products, works, services and profitability of assets of organizations by type of economic activity, in percent
Type of economic activity (according to OKVED-2)	2018
	Profitability of sold goods, products (works, services), %*	Return on assets, %**
Total	12,3	6,4
agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming	20,2	7,1
crop and animal husbandry, hunting and provision of relevant services in these areas	17,0	5,8
forestry and logging	11,1	1,7
fishing and fish farming	54,0	20,8
mining	33,6	17,3
coal mining	31,4	11,6
extraction of crude oil and natural gas	35,3	20,4
mining of metal ores	57,3	17,6
extraction of other minerals	50,9	7,6
manufacturing industries	12,8	6,0
production food products	9,2	7,1
beverage production	12,4	7,1
production tobacco products	30,2	14,1
production of textiles	8,7	4,3
manufacture of wearing apparel	9,2	8,4
manufacture of leather and leather products	6,0	3,5
woodworking and manufacture of wood and cork products, except furniture, manufacture of products from straw and plaiting materials	13,8	2,2
manufacture of paper and paper products	28,1	17,3
printing and copying of information media	13,9	11,0
production of coke and petroleum products	9,0	4,5
production chemical substances and chemical products	26,5	6,1
production medicines and materials used for medical purposes	26,9	10,1
production of rubber and plastic products	8,1	7,4
production of other non-metallic mineral products	12,7	4,5
metallurgical production	26,0	13,3
production of finished metal products except for machinery and equipment	11,7	5,4
production of machinery and equipment not included in other groups	4,8	neg.
manufacture of computers, electronic and optical products	14,0	5,9
production of electrical equipment,	8,4	7,2
auto production Vehicle, trailers and semi-trailers	2,6	2,8
manufacture of other vehicles and equipment	12,0	2,0
production of other finished products	5,8	3,5
provision of electricity, gas and steam; air conditioning	8,8	4,2
production, transmission and distribution of electricity	12,5	5,0
production and distribution of gaseous fuels	2,8	1,4
production, transmission and distribution of steam and hot water; air conditioning	neg.	neg.
water supply; water disposal, organization of collection and disposal of waste, pollution control activities	4,5	2,7
construction	6,1	1,7
wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	7,3	5,4
wholesale and retail trade in motor vehicles and motorcycles and their repair	3,1	9,0
wholesale trade, except wholesale trade motor vehicles and motorcycles	10,0	5,6
retail trade, except for motor vehicles and motorcycles	2,6	3,6
activities of hotels and enterprises Catering	7,1	2,6
transportation and storage	8,8	4,1
activity railway transport: intercity and international Passenger Transportation	7,6	1,1
rail transport activities: freight transportation	18,5	20,2
activities of other land passenger transport	neg.	neg.
activities of road freight transport and transportation services	5,2	5,0
pipeline transport activities	12,2	4,0
water transport activity	6,2	3,4
air and space transport activities	neg.	2,7
postal and courier activities	5,8	2,4
activities in the field of information and communication	14,6	7,4
financial and insurance activities	11,2	1,9
operations with real estate	15,9	3,8
research and development	10,3	6,5
public administration and ensuring military security; social Security	2,4	1,5
education	4,2	2,8
health and social services	10,4	6,4
activities in the field of culture, sports, organization of leisure and entertainment	1,7	2,8
* Profitability of goods sold (products, works, services) - the ratio between the value of the net financial result (profit minus loss) from the sale of goods (products, works, services) and the cost of goods sold (products, works, services), taking into account commercial and managerial expenses. In the event that a loss is received from the sale of goods (products, works, services), there is a loss
** Return on assets - the ratio of the balanced financial result (profit minus loss) and the value of the assets of organizations. If the balanced financial result (profit minus loss) is negative, there is a loss.

Determination of profitability using the Tax Burden Calculator

The profitability of sales by type of economic activity can also be determined using another service of the Federal Tax Service - the Tax Burden Calculator. Moreover, this service allows you to more accurately take into account the type of activity (taking into account subtypes of economic activity) and the region.

Example

1) 2018, Type of activity 41 "Construction of buildings", Moscow:

Return on sales: 1.86%

2) 2018, Type of activity 41 "Construction of buildings", St. Petersburg:

Return on sales: 1.63%

Globally, profitability is a set of indicators that characterize the overall performance of a business, or rather its profitability. Profitability is always the ratio of profit to the object, the effect of which is required to be known. In fact, this is the share of profit per unit of the analyzed object.

With the help of profitability indicators, you can find out how effectively equity or company assets see "Determining the return on assets (balance sheet formula)" ), whether its production is profitable. But in this article we will focus directly on the profitability of sales.

Return on sales is the ratio of profit to revenue

Profitability of sales gives an idea of ​​what is the share of profit in the company's revenue. In the analysis, it is customary to designate it as ROS (short for English return on sales).

The general formula for return on sales is as follows:

ROS = Pr / Op × 100%,

where: ROS - profitability of sales;

Pr - profit;

Op - sales volume or revenue.

Return on sales is a relative indicator, it is expressed as a percentage.

How to calculate return on sales by balance sheet

To calculate the profitability of sales, information from the income statement (Form 2) is used.

Read the article about form 2 "Filling out form 2 of the balance sheet (sample)" .

At the same time, the formula for profitability of sales by balance depends on what profitability the user is interested in:

1. Gross profit margin. In this case, the formula for calculating the return on sales will be as follows:

ROS = line 2100 / line 2110 × 100.

1. Operating profit margin:

ROS = (line 2300 + line 2330) / line 2110 × 100.

1. Net profit margin:

ROS = line 2400 / line 2110 × 100.

What is the normative value of return on sales

There are no special standards for the profitability of sales. The average statistical values ​​of profitability by industry are calculated. For each type of activity, its own coefficient is considered normal.

In general, a coefficient ranging from 1 to 5% indicates that the enterprise is low-profitable, from 5 to 20% - medium-profitable, from 20 to 30% - highly profitable. Over 30% is already super profitability.

Consider the profitability ratio of sales(ROS). This indicator reflects the efficiency of the enterprise and shows the share (in percent) of net profit in the total revenue of the enterprise. In Western sources, the profitability ratio of sales is called - ROS ( return on sales). Below I will consider the formula for calculating this coefficient, give an example with its calculation for a domestic enterprise, describe the standard and its economic meaning.

Profitability of sales. Economic meaning of the indicator

It is advisable to start the study of any coefficient with its economic meaning. What is this ratio for? It reflects business activity enterprise and determines how effectively the enterprise operates. The return on sales ratio shows how much Money from the sold products is the profit of the enterprise. What is important is not how many products the company sold, but how much net profit it earned net money from these sales.

The profitability ratio of sales describes the effectiveness of the sale of the main products of the enterprise, and also allows you to determine the share of the cost in sales.

Return on sales ratio. How is profitability calculated? Calculation formula according to balance sheet and IFRS

The formula for return on sales by Russian system accounting statement looks like this:

Return on sales ratio = Net profit / Revenue = line 2400 / line 2110

It should be clarified that when calculating the ratio, instead of net profit, the numerator can be used: gross profit, profit before taxes and interest (EBIT), profit before taxes (EBI). Accordingly, the following coefficients will appear:

Gross profit margin on sales = Gross profit/Revenue
Operating profit ratio =EBIT/Revenue
Return on sales ratio for profit before taxes =EBI/Revenue

To avoid confusion, I recommend using the formula, where the numerator is net income (NI, Net Income), because. EBIT is calculated incorrectly based on domestic reporting. It turns out the following formula for Russian reporting:

In foreign sources, the profitability ratio of sales - ROS is calculated by the following formula:

Video lesson: “Sales profitability: calculation formula, example and analysis”

Profitability of sales. An example of a balance sheet calculation for JSC Aeroflot

Let's calculate the return on sales for Russian company OJSC Aeroflot. To do this, I will use the InvestFunds service, which allows you to get financial statements businesses by quarter. Below is the import of data from the service.

Profit and Loss Statement of JSC “Aeroflot”. Calculation of the profitability ratio of sales

So, let's calculate the profitability of sales for four periods.

Return on sales ratio 2013-4 =11096946/206277137= 0.05 (5%)
Return on sales ratio 2014-1 = 3029468/46103337 = 0.06 (6%)
Return on sales ratio 2014-2 = 3390710/105675771 = 0.03 (3%)

As you can see, the return on sales slightly increased to 6% in the first quarter of 2014, and in the second quarter it doubled to 3%. However, the profitability is greater than zero.

Let's calculate this coefficient according to IFRS. To do this, we take data on financial statements from the official website of the company.

Aeroflot IFRS report. Calculation of the profitability ratio of sales

For the nine months of 2014, the return on sales ratio of JSC Aeroflot was equal to: ROS=3563/236698=0.01 (1%).

Let's calculate ROS for 9 months of 2013.
ROS=17237/222353=0.07 (7%)

As can be seen, over the year, the ratio deteriorated by 6% from 7% in 2013 to 1% in 2014.

Return on sales ratio. standard

The value of the standard value for this coefficient Kp>0. If the return on sales is less than zero, then it is worth seriously thinking about the effectiveness of enterprise management.

What level of sales profitability ratio is acceptable for Russia?

– mining – 26%
– agriculture – 11%
– construction – 7%
– wholesale and retail trade – 8%

If you have a low value of the coefficient, then you should improve the efficiency of enterprise management by increasing client base, growth in the turnover of goods, reduction in the cost of goods / services from subcontractors.

Rosstat monthly evaluates the profitability (unprofitability) of companies in various industries. It is calculated as the ratio of the balanced financial result (profit minus loss) to the cost of goods sold and services rendered. Simply put, it turns out the percentage of profit or loss from each ruble of invested costs.

On average in Russia, the department recorded the highest profitability rates from 2005 to 2008. During this period, the economy was on the rise, there was an increase in investment, real incomes of the population, and oil prices rose steadily. Russian business I also felt great - the cost of raw materials, including imported ones, paid off much faster. In the summer of 2008, the profitability of the business reached its highest level of 16.27%. After the crisis of 2008-2009, it could not even come close to such indicators - the depreciation of the ruble, increased administrative pressure on business and a drop in the effective demand of the population affected.

As of April 2016, the most recent estimate for Russia is 8.97%. At the same time, traditionally, entrepreneurs of the Far Eastern Federal District (26.19%), where large resource-producing companies are concentrated, feel the best. In turn, profitability in the Central and Northwestern federal districts is only 6.68% and 7.86% - there are much more small enterprises in various fields of activity.

Profitability (unprofitability) of sold goods, products, works, services -% (EMISS)

Among individual sectors of the economy, fishing and fish farming shows surprisingly positive results - in April, the profitability was 90.6%, mainly due to companies Murmansk region and the Far East. It is possible to achieve such indicators due to the high difference between the price of raw materials and the prices of finished products sold - frozen and chilled fish or fillets, which are several times more expensive. Similar indicators are shown by the agriculture and forestry sector, where the profitability is 19.9%.

High performance is also demonstrated by the extraction of minerals: oil, ferrous and non-ferrous metals. In April, the industry averaged 26.3% profit margins, driven by low raw material costs, steady demand, and relatively low corporate-wide taxes and costs.

Some areas of business managed to achieve particularly positive results. For example, the profitability of the wholesale trade in fuel, ores and non-ferrous metals has exceeded 240% due to the growth of domestic prices for these products at low costs for raw materials. Separate areas of the transport and cargo sector also turned out to be in a big plus. Thanks to the growth in the cargo turnover of ports and the increase in shipments of goods for export, the profitability of auxiliary types of business increased - berthing and mooring of ships (225.1%), operation of ports, marinas, locks (150.4%) and transport handling of containers (129.2% ).

The worsening financial situation of citizens positively affected the benefit of other entrepreneurs - the profitability of issuing consumer loans is 177.7%.

Many areas of activity, on the contrary, showed losses. In particular, these include public administration, national security (-7.1%), provision of public utilities and social services (-9.9%) - these industries do not pursue profit and are financed from budget revenues. However, some business areas have also become unprofitable. Thus, the profitability of gas production amounted to (-100%) due to the strongest drop in its prices on the world market. The sad results for several years in a row shows the activity of inland water transport (-86.8%) due to low profits, high costs of ship maintenance and the seasonal nature of work. The production of glass products for industry and agriculture (-81.8%), the collection and processing of cartographic and space information (-78.3%) also turned out to be in a record minus.

The share of unprofitable organizations in Russia in the first half of the year decreased to 30.8%

The share of unprofitable organizations in the Russian Federation in January-June 2016 decreased by 0.4 percentage points compared to the same period last year - up to 30.8%, Rosstat reported.

For six months of the current year, according to the latest data of the statistical office, the balanced financial result (profit minus loss) of organizations in current prices amounted to 5.688 trillion rubles. Profit totaling 6.68 trillion rubles was received by 35.3 thousand organizations, a loss in the amount of 922.2 billion rubles was suffered by 15.8 thousand organizations.

The share of unprofitable enterprises in the field of mining in January-June in annual terms decreased to 36.8% from 40.4%, in the extraction of fuel and energy minerals - up to 28.4% from 32.9%, in manufacturing - to 28% from 28.8%. The share of unprofitable organizations in the field of production and distribution of electricity, gas and water decreased to 48.8% from 50.7%.

In the field retail, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, household goods and personal items in January-June suffered losses of 20.7% of companies against 19.8% a year earlier. Among organizations involved in real estate transactions, rent and provision of services, 34% were unprofitable, as in the previous year.

AT agriculture, hunting and forestry, the share of unprofitable enterprises in January-June decreased to 17.2% from 17.7% a year earlier, in fishing and fish farming - to 19.1% from 19.8%.

In construction, 29.7% of companies turned out to be unprofitable against 30.8% for the same period last year.

Stanislav Dzhaarbekov, Deputy Director, Chairman of the Expert Council
Institute for the Development of Modern Educational Technologies (IRSOT),
lawyer, certified auditor, member of the Moscow Audit Chamber

Let's talk about new data provided by the Federal Tax Service of Russia. These are data on tax burden and profitability for 2016.

Let me remind you that by Order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated May 30, 2007 No. MM-3-06 / [email protected]“On Approval of the Concept for the Planning System for Field Tax Audits” defines the criteria for self-assessment of risks for taxpayers. What is the essence of these criteria? In this important document, the tax service revealed the mechanism, the algorithm of how it chooses - to whom to come with an on-site tax audit. The document lists 12 criteria by which the tax authority makes this choice. If you are significant in your tax, you will most likely be checked, regardless of these criteria. But, if you are in the "golden mean", and you do not have anything suspicious by all criteria, you may not be checked. If something suspicious has appeared, then you will most likely be checked for those pain points that the tax office finds, guided by these 12 criteria.

Among these 12 criteria, one is devoted to the tax burden, the other to profitability.

The tax burden is the number one criterion. It is specified in paragraph 4 of Appendix 1, and Appendix 2 contains data on the tax burden by industry. That is, for each industry, the prevailing data on the tax burden are indicated.

How is this criterion used? If the taxpayer's tax burden is below the industry average, then the Federal Tax Service considers this as a suspicious sign. The deviation bar is taken as 10%. That is, if the tax burden in your industry is 10%, and yours, for example, is 10.5% -9.5%, then this is within the normal range. And if the tax burden is 9% or lower, then this is already a fact that can tax office interest. Therefore, it is important to monitor the tax burden of the enterprise and compare it in time with the tax burden prevailing in the industry.

These data are indicated in Appendix 2 to this Order, and recently, in May, tax office published data for 2016 for the first time. I recommend that you study these data, calculate the tax burden for your company, find data on the current tax burden in your industry in the order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, which I just gave you, and see if your tax burden differs from the industry. If it is significantly below the industry, you should be prepared to be asked about the reasons for this deviation. And you will have to explain this deviation. Situations when the tax burden of an enterprise is below the industry average, and there are no violations on the part of the enterprise, are very frequent. For some reason, you may have unprofitable activities, irrational business organization, investment expenses. I repeat, there are many such situations when your workload is lower than the industry one, but you must identify the reasons for yourself and be ready to explain them.

If you go to the official text of the Order, you will not see these data for 2016 there. Because the disclosure mechanism is usually the following. Until May 5, the Federal Tax Service uploads data to the website of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, in the form of a table in Excel. On the site nalog.ru you need to find this order. You can enter the query “self-assessment of tax risks, nalog.ru” in a search engine. Applications are marked at the bottom of the page in the form of squares. Accordingly, Appendix 2 will indicate the tax burden for each industry (for OKVED data). The file can be saved to your computer.

In 2016, the tax burden decreased, but very insignificantly. On the website, the Tax Service provides data on this burden for the whole country and separately for each industry. So, in the country it decreased to 9.6% from 9.7%. That is, for the year, from 2015 to 2016, the tax burden in the country decreased by 0.1%. The difference is insignificant, almost imperceptible.

I would like to draw your attention to the industries where the tax burden increased the most over the year:

production of leather, leather goods and footwear - 7.3% in 2016 (6.2% in 2015),

production of pulp, wood pulp, cardboard, paper and products from them - 4.3% in 2016 (3.5% in 2015),

production of coke and petroleum products - 4.7% in 2016 (2.6% in 2015).

The tax burden decreased the most in the following sectors:

extraction of fuel and energy minerals - 35.6% (41.5% in 2015),

publishing and printing activities - 11.6% (13.4 in 2015),

chemical production - 3.5% (4.2% in 2015),

construction - 10.9% (12.7% in 2015).

transactions with real estate, rent and provision of services - 15.4% (17.2% in 2015).

That is, in some industries, the tax burden has increased, in others it has decreased. Therefore, once again I recommend to find out your tax burden, compare it with the industry average and be ready to explain this difference (if it is significant) to the tax authorities.

Also in this document, the Tax Service calculates profitability and also by industry. Let me remind you that in total there are 12 criteria by which you can be subjected to tax audit, and just the 11th criterion - these are significant discrepancies between the level of profitability of the company and the level of profitability in the industry. By "significant difference" is meant "substantially lower". If the profitability of your enterprise is significantly higher than the industry average, it is unlikely that someone will check and punish you. For example: let's say that in your area the average profitability is 10%, and taxes come from this profit, and the profitability of your enterprise is 3%. That's the difference the tax may be interested in.

During the year (from 2015 to 2016) profitability has changed, but it has changed somehow in different directions. The fact is that the Tax Service considers profitability of two types: profitability of sales and profitability of assets. For each industry, two types of profitability are calculated: a) - sales and b) - assets.

Interestingly, in 2016, on average, return on sales declined, while return on assets increased. That is, in general, the return on sales on average decreased to 8.1% (against 9.3% in 2015), and the return on assets increased to 6.4% (against 5.0% in 2015).

Such is the strangeness. I did not choose by industry, where profitability has fallen, where it has grown. But due to the multidirectional nature of profitability, I urge you to take data from the Order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia for 2016, calculate the profitability for your industry, calculate the profitability of sales and assets for your enterprise, compare the data, and with a significant difference, ask yourself the question - why did this happen? And be prepared to answer this question if the IRS asks your company.