Functions of social security and their characteristics. The concept of social security, its functions and format The functions of social security in society include

1. The concept of social security

Social Security- a form of expression of the social policy of the state, aimed at providing material support for certain categories of citizens from the state budget and special extra-budgetary state funds in the event of the occurrence of events recognized by the state at this stage of its development as socially significant, in order to equalize social status these citizens compared to other members of society.

Social security directly depends on the development of the economy. It is directly related to politics and the social well-being of both working and non-working segments of the population.

In science, there are two main concepts of the content of this concept - economic and legal.

Proponents of the economic concept included in social security all types of assistance to members of society at the expense of public consumption funds (including free secondary, secondary specialized and higher education, free housing (or housing subsidies), free physical education and sports, services provided by cultural institutions, all types of pensions, benefits, social services, health care and treatment, as well as various benefits for certain categories citizens). The basis of this concept was the method of distribution of goods through public consumption funds.

Representatives of the legal concept believed that the provision should concern only certain citizens who enjoy special protection from the state. Among the subjects that enjoyed the special care of society at certain stages of its development were various categories of citizens (in tsarist Russia - at first only officials and military personnel, then - hired workers in heavy industry and members of their families).

Under the Soviet regime, social security first extended to all persons of wage labor, and then to members of the collective farm, children, large families, and single mothers. The current legislation on social security in Russia already applies to the unemployed, internally displaced persons and refugees, persons who are not entitled to a labor pension.

2. Basic modern criteria for social security

The main features that can be called social security include:

Sources of financing. Social security should be provided at the expense of special funds formed by the state. Currently, social security is financed through special off-budget funds: social insurance, the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, the State Employment Fund of the Russian Federation, as well as funds from the state budget, republican and territorial funds for social support of the population.

The circle of persons to be secured. To date, these are: disabled (due to old age, disability, length of service); persons who have lost their breadwinner; pregnant women; children; families with children; unemployed; persons with the status of refugees and internally displaced persons; war and labor veterans; persons affected by exposure to radiation; persons awarded orders of military and labor glory; Heroes Soviet Union and Russia; residents of besieged Leningrad; persons awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad"; former prisoners of concentration camps, ghettos; persons subjected to repressions and subsequently rehabilitated. The circle of these persons is established in relation to specific types security.

Conditions for the provision of collateral. The right to one or another type of security is established for certain groups of the above citizens only upon the occurrence of the relevant circumstances specified in the law (reaching a certain age, disability, death, birth of a citizen, etc.).

The purpose of providing security. Today, social security is financed at the expense of special funds, state budget funds, republican and territorial funds for social support of the population. By providing citizens with one or another type of security, the state pursues certain goals. They can be conditionally subdivided into nearest, intermediate, final.

3. Social security functions

There are several main functions of social security, including economic, political, demographic, social rehabilitation, and protection.

economic function expressed in the provision of material support to citizens in difficult life situations, in promoting the development of social production in general and individual sectors National economy, economic recovery of priority development zones, etc.

political function is aimed at bringing together the social level of various segments of the population, creating conditions that ensure a decent life for every person. It is designed to stabilize public relations in the field of social protection of the population.

Demographic function contributes to stimulating the growth of the country's population, the reproduction of a healthy generation, the growth of life expectancy of citizens, etc.

Social rehabilitation function related to meeting the specific needs of the elderly and disabled citizens. It is expressed in the creation of conditions conducive to the preservation of their legal status and the protection of the health of all citizens.

Protective function is aimed at protecting citizens in a difficult life situation, helping to solve various problems (material, physical, psychological, age, etc.). This is the main purpose of social security. It is necessary to provide society and the state with the necessary and sufficient level of social protection for both the population as a whole and each of its social groups.

Another function of social policy is to provide society and the state with the necessary and sufficient level of environmental safety.

Socio-political relations do not exist in society in isolation, they represent the social form of all economic, cultural, consumer processes without exception. Social policy introduces into these processes their connection with the diversity of interests of classes, social groups, and communities.

4. Social security and social protection

During the period of transition to market relations in our country, with the advent of economic instability, inflation, impoverishment, increased stratification of society, an increase in the number of unemployed, refugees, internally displaced persons, persons without a fixed place of residence, the problem of social security of citizens became very acute.

It is impossible to solve it within the framework of social security law, since it simultaneously affects several branches of law.

labor law- these are the problems of unemployment, employment and employment of various segments of the population, stability labor relations, raise social guarantees in the field of wages (a certain level wages, including the establishment of a minimum wage, guarantees of compliance with the principles of remuneration established by law, payment of district coefficients, etc.); problems of reproduction of the labor force, including issues of working hours and rest periods, labor protection, guarantees for persons combining work with education, guarantees for employees when considering labor disputes (individual and collective).

Civil law – governmental support, protection and protection of private property, support for individual private entrepreneurship, etc.

Housing law– issues related to the provision of housing, improvement of living conditions.

Family law- these are issues of state support for the institution of marriage and the family, the establishment of the rights and obligations of parents, children and spouses, etc.

environmental law- these are problems associated with the creation of a favorable ecological environment for the normal life of members of society, etc.

The main issues of social protection of Russian citizens relate to the law of social security. All institutions of this legal branch are aimed at protecting various segments of the population from social cataclysms.

The concept of "social protection" is much broader than the concept of "social security", since the latter is included in the category of the former.

5. Subject matter of social security law

Social security law emerged as an independent industry relatively recently (in the mid-1970s). Until that time, social security relations were considered within the framework of administrative, civil, labor, and collective farm law.

During the formation of the USSR (1922), social security was considered an integral part of the law of social culture and was part of the branch of administrative law. In the 1950s, with the advent of new pension legislation, the social security of workers and employees began to be considered within the scope of labor law, and the social security of collective farmers - within the scope of collective farm law.

For the first time, the issue of the independence of social security law was raised and discussed at an international symposium in Prague in 1966.

The founder of Soviet social security law as an independent branch of law was Professor V. S. Andreev, an honored worker of science. For the first time in our country, he developed a doctrine on the subject and method of this legal branch, substantiated the system of its norms, and formulated the principles of social security.

The concept of the subject of social security law is inextricably linked with the essence of the very concept of social security, its capacious content.

Subject of social security law constitute today several groups of public relations:

1) relations on social security of citizens in monetary form (pensions, allowances, compensation payments);

2) relationship to provide various social services(social services for the elderly, disabled, children, families with children, refugees and internally displaced persons, medical care, benefits for certain categories of citizens);

3) procedural and procedural relations associated with the establishment legal facts, as well as the implementation and protection of the right to a particular type of social security. These relations, as a rule, precede (procedural), accompany (procedural and procedural) or follow (procedural) from the relations included in the first two groups.

6. The system of relations for the social security of citizens

Relations on social security of citizens in cash and in the provision of various social services constitute the "core" of the subject of social security law. Procedural and procedural relations are derived from them.

AT system of pension relations Currently, the following types of pensions are included: old-age, disability, survivor's, seniority, social pensions.

AT system of relations for the provision of benefits allocate benefits: for temporary disability, for pregnancy and childbirth; women registered in the early stages of pregnancy; on the occasion of the birth of a child; caring for a child up to one and a half years; for children under 16; unemployment; for burial; military wives, etc.

The system of relations for providing compensation payments includes: compensation to persons caring for a minor child until they reach the age of 3 years; compensation payments to persons caring for a person who has reached the age of 80, a disabled person of group I, the elderly who, according to a doctor's opinion, need constant outside care; compensation payments to non-working wives (husbands) of military personnel living with their spouses in areas where they cannot work due to the lack of employment opportunities; compensation payments for food for children studying in state, municipal educational institutions, as well as in institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education; compensation payments to students and graduate students who are on academic leave for medical reasons; compensation payments to refugees and forced migrants; compensation payments to persons on forced leave without pay; compensation payments for children under guardianship and guardianship in a foster family.

Social security has certain functions, the presence of which allows answering the questions: what is the significance and purpose of social security in the life of society and the state?

In the special legal literature, economic, political, industrial, rehabilitation demographic, spiritual and ideological, protective functions of social security are distinguished.

economic function social security should consist mainly of the following:

♦ in replacement of earnings or income related to labor (or maintenance) to those persons who have lost it due to various life circumstances - due to age, disability, loss of a breadwinner, illness, unemployment, etc.;

♦ in partial reimbursement of additional expenses to citizens caused by various objective reasons, - the birth and maintenance of a child, the care of young children and the elderly, the disabled, etc.;

♦ in providing assistance and support to citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation - poverty, orphanhood, forced resettlement, etc.

The source of financing for the implementation of this function is the funds accumulated in target sources: in specialized social insurance funds (PFR, Social Insurance Fund Russian Federation(FSS of Russia), compulsory medical insurance funds FFOMS, FOMS); in the federal budget, in which there are special items of expenditure for social needs; in the regional budget (in the budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation); in other funds of social support of the population. In the future, the possibility of such funds appearing in the budgets of local governments is not ruled out.

The economic function consists in the redistribution of financial resources and in practice is expressed in the types of social security provided to citizens - pensions, allowances, compensations, etc.

Without a doubt, the sufficiency of funds in these sources and their constant maintenance is the main goal of the state. The economic basis of social security, the development of its future depends on their volume - the more funds are available in these sources, the higher the amount social payments. However, at present their level in Russia does not meet the requirements of many international standards, such as the 1952 ILO Convention on Minimum Standards for Social Security.

This implies the main task of the state - the creation of conditions under which society would be interested in replenishing the above sources. This can be achieved by various methods used by the state, for example, the creation of an optimal general taxation regime in conjunction with social insurance payments for all participants in market relations, regardless of their organizational and legal forms (large and medium-sized businesses, individual entrepreneurs).

Social security is associated with social production, affects it. This influence constitutes its production function. Outwardly, it is expressed in the fact that the right of citizens to many types of social security is conditioned by labor or official activity, and the level of security often depends (and should depend) on its nature and the amount of remuneration for work. World experience also shows that as the principles of compulsory social insurance are increasingly implemented, for example, this influence increases, as the stimulating value of social security for increasing labor productivity and the professional level of workers increases.

Social security also contributes to the timely withdrawal from social production of the aging workforce and those who have lost the ability to work. How does this function of social security manifest itself in real life? Consider the example of an old-age labor pension. The labor (insurance) old-age pension, based on its essence, is a cash payment earned by labor through the payment of mandatory insurance payments at the expense of the employee's wages. In the very name of the pension, a connection with labor is visible. It is the duration of work, expressed in the length of service of the employee, and, accordingly, the amount of insurance payments made, that should ultimately determine the right to a labor pension and its amount (based on the principle of solidarity of this pension insurance). In other words, the right to a labor pension should directly depend on the participation of citizens in social production, from their socially useful activities and compliance with other conditions established in legal norms. Therefore, the total length of service is understood as the total duration of labor and other socially useful activities, other periods of time recognized as socially significant, taking into account which an old-age labor pension is established, and, in appropriate cases, other types of labor pensions. In this case, the features of the length of service should be taken into account: firstly, the duration of the length of service is measured quantitatively; secondly, the length of service has a qualitative characteristic, reflecting the conditions and nature in which labor activity proceeded; thirdly, in cases provided for by law, the length of service of an employee includes the time when he did not work, but his place of work or position was retained; fourthly, the length of service includes both paid socially useful activity and the time of some unpaid activity; fifthly, the length of service includes periods of time when a citizen did not work and was not engaged in any activity, but subject to certain conditions.

In 1998, a new concept was introduced into business circulation - insurance experience. Its appearance is due to the ongoing pension reform. Its main task is to create an effective mechanism that would ensure that the conditions for granting and the size of labor pensions correspond to the volume (share) of participation in compulsory pension insurance of each individual. In other words, the size of the labor pension should depend on the duration of the insurance period, i.e., the period of payment by each insured person of insurance premiums from their labor income, earnings and the amount of insurance premiums to the Pension Fund.

The Federal Law of December 17, 2001 “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation” (2001 Law on Labor Pensions) states that insurance experience - this is the total duration of periods of work and (or) activity during which insurance premiums were paid to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, as well as other periods counted as insurance experience. From this definition it can be seen that the new pension legislation has retained some continuity in accounting for the types of socially useful activities and some other periods in the life of citizens counted in the insurance period when they did not work and did not engage in any social activities.

At first glance, in principle, nothing has changed here. However, an analysis of the content of the norms relating to other periods of time counted in the length of service indicates otherwise. So, paragraph 1 of Art. 11 of the 2001 Law on labor pensions does not contain, for example, any mention of periods of preparation for professional activity in the form of training in educational institutions of various types. The question arises: will not the exclusion from the insurance period of these and other periods of socially useful activity entail a decrease in the quality of labor, and ultimately the impact of the production function of social security itself? After all, the right to many types of social security (for example, labor pensions, insurance benefits, benefits) may no longer be conditioned by the labor activity itself and its duration. In turn, the level of social security will depend to a lesser extent on the labor itself, its nature and the amount of remuneration for it, etc. In this regard, another question logically arises: will the employee be interested in the quality of his work, in the presence of a permanent place of work , in steadily increasing earnings? Will this have a positive effect on the state of the efficiency of the national economy of the country, and especially in those sectors and industries where there has been and remains an insufficiently high level of wages?

The previously operating principle of determining the level of pension provision could be schematically presented as follows: long service - high earnings(earned income) – high pension. It must be admitted that a different principle is now in force, established by the new legislation on labor pensions. Currently, the following formula is in effect: higher earnings (income) - large deductions of insurance premiums (for a future labor pension) in the Pension Fund - length of service - a larger pension. The following short story can serve as confirmation of this. According to paragraph 2 of Art. 6 and 29 federal law"On Compulsory Pension Insurance in the Russian Federation", provides for the voluntary entry of persons into legal relations under the same name pension insurance- both for yourself and for others individual. The motives here are clear - the involvement of additional financial resources in the Pension Fund and a decrease in the number of people applying for a social pension. It is paid to those who, for whatever reason, are not entitled to a labor pension, i.e., have not worked out a five-year minimum insurance period. For such persons, insurance premiums are established in the form of a fixed payment. In fact, the following might happen. Public sector employees with 30–35 years of insurance experience, but low earnings, will receive a much smaller pension than those who have 5 years of service, but for them (or themselves) paid the maximum fixed payment. How fair is this in the social aspect? In our opinion, such innovations testify to the embodiment in the Russian pension provision of the principle of a liberal economy - the freedom to choose work and future pension provision. To what extent does this fit in with the basic functions and principles of Russia as a social state, written down in the 1993 Constitution? Isn't there a contradiction in this? Therefore, the state should take a comprehensive and balanced approach to making legal decisions related to the sphere of social security.

political function allows the state to implement the main directions of social policy by means specific to social security. It is designed to purposefully influence the living conditions of people in order to implement constitutional provisions, it is carried out through social protection measures and mainly through social security. So, in 1999, the Federal Law “On the State social assistance» a new basis for providing social security in the form of state social assistance has been introduced – poverty. Although the legislator calls citizens who are in poverty, the poor. A new subject of social security has appeared - citizens with an average per capita income below the subsistence level. Such in Russia, according to various estimates, there are from 2/3 to 3/25 of the total population. The number of persons seeking such assistance is no more than 1/4 of those in need. This indicates the inefficiency this method fight against poverty. There are many reasons. The main one, in our opinion, is the lack of a state system for effectively providing income, regardless of the status of citizens.

Social stability in society depends on the degree of effectiveness of the performance of the political function, social security. The social tension that exists in Russian society in present stage, indicates that the state Russian system social security still does not fully meet the needs of the majority of the population.

Demographic function implemented through the impact of the social security system on many demographic processes - life expectancy, population reproduction, birth rate stimulation, etc. Thus, the extremely low level of pension provision, which led to a sharp reduction in the consumption of pensioners, caused high mortality among the elderly and the disabled. The lack of an effective state system of social assistance to families with children, ignoring the positive past experience, entails a significant decrease in the birth rate in the country. How does it work in practice? Let's take an example of work experience. The previous Federal Law of November 20, 1990 “On State Pensions in the Russian Federation” provided for the inclusion in the total length of service of the period of care of a non-working mother (or other relative) for each child under the age of three years (and 70 days for a mother), but not more than nine years in total.

When fixing such a rule, they were guided by the following. The direct biological connection between the child and the mother is preserved most closely during the first two or three years of the child's life; the physical and moral health of the child is laid precisely in these years. The stay of a child in a family does not require the cost of building new and maintaining existing preschool institutions, etc. Thus, the state, including the period of caring for a child in the total length of service, recognized the special role of this approach in solving the problem of simple reproduction of the population in Russia. The presence of three children in the family was encouraged through the legal institutions of seniority and labor pensions. The period of caring for children under the age of three (but not more than nine years in total) was included in the length of service when assigning a labor pension. This was reinforced by the then higher levels of benefits related to maternity, paternity and childhood.

It's different now. From January 1, 2002, when assigning labor pensions, the period of care of one of the parents for each child until he reaches the age of one and a half years, but not more than three years in total, is taken into account. The consequences of such a decision by the state are obvious. The effectiveness of this pension norm is questionable, given the current demographic situation in Russia. In addition, it is obvious that the current state system of social assistance to families with children is not sufficiently developed and does not meet modern requirements. At the same time, a maternity capital project is being introduced in the country, which can be regarded as a temporary measure of the state. This social program is aimed at solving an acute problem current moment. From the point of view of sustainable demographic growth, reproduction of the population against the backdrop of unfavorable environmental situation and the state of domestic medicine, it cannot be recognized as an effective method. There is a decrease in the role of the demographic function of social security and an underestimation possible consequences in future.

Social (social rehabilitation) function social security helps to maintain social status citizens in the event of various social risks (illness, disability, old age, death of the breadwinner, unemployment, poverty) by providing various kinds material security, social services, benefits in order to maintain a decent standard of living and prevent impoverishment. In practice, it should be expressed, for example, in the following way. As you know, it is difficult for people with disabilities to get a job due to various restrictions. Consequently, the state is obliged to create all kinds of conditions for the realization of their limited ability to work. Such measures can be not only legislatively established job quotas for the disabled and the elderly, but also the creation of special jobs for them, etc.

Through this function, the rehabilitation direction of social security is also carried out, the purpose of which is to restore (full or partial) the full-fledged life of a person, allowing him to study, work, communicate with other people, serve himself independently, etc.

Along with the above functions of social security, there are protective function. It manifests itself in the fact that, by providing social security to its citizens, society sets the task of protecting them in a difficult life situation, assisting in solving various problems (material, physical, psychological, age, etc.).

In recent years, they began to allocate spiritual and ideological function social security with ideological, moral and socio-psychological sub-functions. In our opinion, the moral and ethical function of social security should be added to the listed functions. After all, moral (moral) principles are the basis for the existence of a social state. At their core, they are included in the content of the principles that permeate all relations in the field of social security. Social security in a welfare state puts into practice its moral principles, embodies its principles. This gives grounds to define and single out such a function of social security.

We believe that such a function of social security has the right to exist, as a prophylactic (preventive). Prevention in a generalized form is a system of measures to prevent diseases, maintain health and prolong human life. In the Soviet period, particular importance was attached to individual and social prevention. Individual prophylaxis developed a rational regime and hygienic behavior in everyday life and at work, public - as a system of state, public and medical measures in work groups - was the basis for protecting the health of citizens. From the end of the 80s. 20th century about this important area social activities states have been forgotten.

At present, it manifests itself only within the framework of labor relations - through the labor protection system, and even then in a truncated form.

In the field of social security, the weak mechanism of action of this function is evident in the compulsory social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases and cases of temporary incapacity for work. A certain manifestation of the preventive function can also be seen in the one-time allowance provided to women who are registered in medical institutions in the early stages of pregnancy.

Recognition of the existence of the preventive function of social security, its methodological justification and development for practical purposes, its legislative consolidation will ultimately lead to savings in financial resources and resources allocated to social security.

Using the example of social security functions, it can be seen that the more the state takes into account their presence and recognizes their impact on society, the more effective are the social reforms and social security system carried out in the country.

"Social Security Functions"

Introduction

The Constitution of the Russian Federation determines that the Russian Federation is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person. In the Russian Federation, labor and health of people are protected, a guaranteed minimum wage is established, state support is provided for the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, disabled and elderly citizens, a system of social services is being developed, state pensions, benefits and other guarantees of social protection are being established. This norm generally reflects the goals and objectives, the solution of which is associated with the provision of decent living conditions for all members of society and the creation of equal and fair opportunities for the development of each individual.

Achieving these goals is the content of the social function of the state, implemented within the framework of its social policy on the basis of regulatory and organizational mechanisms. The law of social security, as a formation of the system of Russian law, is a complex industry. The emergence and development of complex industries is due to the need legal regulation public relations that combine public law and private law principles. The main distinguishing feature of a complex branch of law is the inclusion in its system of norms originally related to other branches. The functions of law are the main directions of its influence on social relations, on people's behavior. The function of law in literature is also understood as its social purpose. Through the functions, the tasks that are set before law as a social institution are carried out.

1. The concept of social security functions

Social security is a form of expression of the social policy of the state, aimed at providing material support to a certain category of citizens from the state budget and special off-budget funds in the event of the occurrence of events recognized by the state as socially significant (at this stage of its development) in order to equalize the social status of citizens compared to the rest members of society. The role and place of social security in the life of society is determined by what functions it performs, what main problems of society it allows to solve. The most important function of social security is the payment of pensions to citizens - monthly cash payments to disabled citizens in connection with their past labor or other socially useful activities.

Pension relations in our country are regulated by the Law "On State Pensions in the RSFSR" dated November 20, 1990, subject to amendments and additions made by subsequent laws of the Russian Federation and others. regulations. The significance of social security in the life of society is determined by what functions it performs, what basic problems of society it allows to solve. The purpose of the social security system is manifested in its functions. There are no significant differences in the views of scientists regarding the classification of social security functions, however, there are differences in the wording of the functions themselves and in their number. Of course, one of the main functions is the economic function of social security. Its essence lies in the fact that the state uses social security as one of the ways to distribute part of the gross domestic product, thereby exerting a certain impact on the equalization of personal incomes of citizens by providing material benefits (pensions, allowances, compensations, social services, etc.) instead of lost earnings or along with it in the event of the occurrence of social risks specified in the laws.

The social (social rehabilitation) function of social security contributes to maintaining the social status of citizens in the event of various social risks (illness, disability, old age, death of the breadwinner, unemployment, poverty) by providing various types of material support, social services, benefits in order to maintain a decent standard of living and prevention of impoverishment. With the help of the social function, the rehabilitation direction of social security is also carried out, the purpose of which is to restore (in whole or in part) the full-fledged life of a person, allowing him to study, work, communicate with other people, serve himself independently, etc. The political function allows the state to be specific to the social providing the means to implement the main directions of social policy. The Constitution of the Russian Federation enshrines the provision that Russia is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person.

social policy as targeted impact state on people's living conditions in order to implement the constitutional provisions is carried out mainly through the social security system. Thus, in 1999, the Federal Law introduced a new basis for the provision of social security in the form of state social assistance - poverty. Consequently, a new subject of social security appeared - citizens with a per capita income below the subsistence level. Social tension in society at the present stage indicates that the state of the Russian social security system does not meet the needs of the population. The demographic function is implemented through the impact of the social security system on many demographic processes - life expectancy, population reproduction, birth rate stimulation, etc. Thus, the extremely low level of pension provision, which led to a sharp reduction in the consumption of pensioners, caused high mortality among the elderly. Absence effective system social assistance to families with children will certainly lead to a significant decrease in the birth rate in the country, etc.

1.1 Types of social security functions

In the legal literature, two types of functions of social security law are distinguished: proper legal and social. Actually legal functions consist of basic functions (regulatory and protective) and non-basic (compensatory, remedial and restrictive). Social features are subdivided into five main functions of social security: economic, political, demographic, socially rehabilitating and preventive. The economic function consists in partial compensation of earnings or other labor income lost due to unemployment, disability, as well as intra-family support in connection with the loss of a breadwinner; in partial compensation of additional expenses caused by the onset of certain life circumstances (for example, the presence of children); in the provision of minimal monetary, in-kind and other assistance to the unemployed, low-income individuals and families; in the provision of free medical and social services for the consumer within the state minimum standards (for example, drug care).

The sources of social security financing are the unified social tax (UST), funds from budgets of various levels, insurance premiums, as well as other revenues established by law. Part of the UST is transferred in the form of insurance premiums to off-budget funds: the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (PFR), the Federal and Territorial Compulsory Medical Insurance Funds (FOMS), the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation (FSS). Funds are federal property. The political function of social security contributes to the easing of social tension in society, generated by excessive differences in the standard of living of various segments of the population. The political function allows the state to implement the main directions of social policy by means specific to social security. The Constitution of the Russian Federation enshrines the provision that Russia is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person. Everyone is guaranteed social security for old age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, for the upbringing of children and in other cases established by law. State pensions and social benefits are established by law. Voluntary social insurance, the creation of additional forms of social security and charity are encouraged. The demographic function is implemented through the impact of the social security system on many demographic processes: life expectancy, population reproduction, birth rate stimulation, etc. Thus, the extremely low level of pension provision, which led to a sharp reduction in the consumption of pensioners, caused high mortality among the elderly. The absence of an effective system of social assistance to large families, of course, entails a significant decrease in the birth rate in the country, and so on.

The protective or protective function of social security involves both economic measures on the part of the subjects of social security, and legal ones. The protective function of social security is implemented by industries that are both public and private.

There are two different protective phenomena in social security:

Security social rights;

Protection of social rights.

At the same time, the protection of social rights is a set of various interrelated measures carried out by bodies state power, local self-government bodies and public associations, and aimed at preventing violations of social human rights or removing obstacles that are not offenses in the way of exercising his rights. Protection is understood as a legal way of restoring a violated human right, enforced against an obligated person, either by the authorized person himself or by the competent authorities.

2. The procedure for exercising the functions of the Pension Fund in the field of social security

social security pension fund

The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (PFR) was established in connection with the adoption of the Law of the Russian Federation "On State Pensions in the Russian Federation" dated November 20, 1990. Article 8 of the said Law provides that the financing of the payment of pensions assigned in accordance with this Law is carried out by the Pension Fund RF at the expense of insurance premiums of employers, citizens and appropriations from the federal budget. The Pension Fund of Russia is an independent financial and credit institution operating in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The funds accumulated in the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation are state-owned by the Russian Federation, are not included in budgets, other funds and are not subject to withdrawal.

Target collection and accumulation of insurance premiums, as well as financing of expenses provided for by the Regulations;

Organization of work to recover from employers and citizens guilty of causing harm to the health of workers and other citizens, the amount of state disability pensions due to industrial injury, occupational disease or on the occasion of the loss of a breadwinner;

Capitalization of PFR funds, as well as attraction of voluntary contributions to it from individuals and legal entities;

Control, with the participation of tax authorities, over the timely and complete receipt of insurance premiums by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, as well as control over the correct and rational use of its funds;

Organization and maintenance of individual (personalized) records of insured persons.

Functions of the department of social protection of the population in the field of pension provision:

Carries out control over the spending of funds intended for pension provision;

Reception of citizens, representatives of enterprises, institutions and public organizations on issues of pension legislation, gives the necessary advice, provides legal assistance in the preparation of documents;

Considers complaints, applications and proposals of citizens and organizations on pension issues and prepares responses to them; analyzes the causes of complaints and applications and takes measures to eliminate them; etc.

In accordance with the Federal Law "On Non-State Pension Funds", non-state pension funds are a special organizational and legal form non-profit organization social security, the exclusive activities of which are:

Activities for non-state pension provision of fund participants in accordance with non-state pension provision agreements;

Activities as an insurer for compulsory pension insurance in accordance with the Federal Law of December 15, 2001 N 167-FZ "On Compulsory Pension Insurance in the Russian Federation" and agreements on compulsory pension insurance;

Activities as an insurer for professional pension insurance in accordance with federal law and agreements on the creation of professional pension systems.

The amount, conditions and procedure for making contributions and making payments are determined by an agreement between the non-state pension fund and the insured.

2.1 The procedure for the implementation of functions by the social protection body in the field of social security

Social protection of the population in the broadest sense of this concept is a set of socio-economic measures carried out by the state and aimed at providing disabled citizens of the Russian Federation with labor pensions for old age, disability, survivors, for long service, social pensions, temporary disability benefits, for pregnancy and childbirth, for the maintenance of children, for unemployment, for burial, the provision of targeted assistance to the poor, assistance to citizens who find themselves in extreme situations, including refugees and migrants, for sanatorium treatment, maintenance in homes for the elderly and disabled , providing disabled people with vehicles, prosthetic and orthopedic products, vocational training and retraining of disabled people, their employment, to create a complex of new social services - social service centers for the population, social assistance at home, social shelters for children, social hotels, etc. .

The sources of financing of social protection of the population are the state off-budget social funds: the Social Insurance Fund, the Pension Fund, the State Employment Fund, the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund. The Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation is a specialized financial and credit institution under the Government of the Russian Federation. The main task of the Social Insurance Fund is to provide state-guaranteed benefits for temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth, at the birth of a child, for caring for a child up to one and a half years old, for burial, for sanatorium treatment and rehabilitation of employees and their families.

The funds of the Funds for Social Support of the Population are spent on additional (above the budget) financing of activities in the following areas:

Providing in-kind assistance in the form of basic necessities (food, clothing, footwear) free of charge or at subsidized prices;

Providing subsidies for the purchase of medicines, prosthetic and orthopedic products;

Management is created, reorganized and liquidated by the decision of local governments. Management in its activities is guided by the laws of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, resolutions and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation and the territory, region, head of the administration of the region and city or district, orders and instructions, decisions of the higher body of social protection of the population of the region, region and others regulations.

In the field of pensions:

Ensures the correct and timely appointment, recalculation and payment of pensions, allowances and other compensation payments in accordance with applicable law;

Controls the spending of funds intended for pensions, etc.

In the field of social services:

Taking into account the socio-demographic characteristics of the city and the needs of various categories and groups of the population, makes proposals for the creation of municipal institutions of social service and social assistance for the disabled, the elderly, low-income families and children left without parental care as legal entities;

Draws up documents for the placement of elderly citizens, the disabled, disabled children in the relevant state boarding houses;

Provides assistance to ensure social protection of citizens who find themselves in extreme situations, including persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation, refugees, internally displaced persons;

In the field of rehabilitation of the disabled:

Carries out the implementation of programs for the social support of the disabled;

Prepares documents for providing disabled people with special vehicles;

Provides assistance public associations disabled people in their activities, in matters of improving the social status of disabled people, internationalist soldiers and veterans;

In the field of social support for the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood:

Carries out the implementation of regional and city programs to improve the situation of the family, women and children, aimed primarily at providing support to those most in need of it;

Carries out, within its competence, control over the implementation of social guarantees established for the family, women and children by the current legislation;

Assigns and pays monthly allowances for children;

Carries out measures aimed at creating conditions for social adaptation and integration into society of children with disabilities;

Implements social support graduates of boarding schools who do not have parents or are left without care, initial stage their independent life;

Provides, together with executive authorities, non-governmental organizations and associations, recreation and rehabilitation of children during school holidays.

This paper briefly outlines the functioning of the system of social security and protection of the population of the Russian Federation, which implements the functions of the social state on the basis of the established legislative framework and a whole range of tools for regulating economic, legal, social issues emerging in society. Signs of a welfare state are: a high level of economic development of the country, which allows redistributing the income of the population without infringing on large owners; socially oriented structure of the economy; formation of civil society; development by the state of various social programs; developed social legislation; approval of the goals of the state, providing everyone with decent living conditions, social security and equal starting conditions for self-realization of the individual; social responsibility to citizens.

The functions of the welfare state are to support the socially unprotected segments of the population (the unemployed, pensioners, the disabled); labor protection and human health; family support, motherhood, childhood; elimination of social inequality through the redistribution of income; encouragement of charitable activities; financial support for educational and cultural programs; fight against unemployment. Timely response to changes in society, by adjusting regulations, improving the methods and directions of work of social protection institutions contributes to maintaining and further improving the standard of living of citizens, the socio-psychological climate in society.

In connection with the foregoing, it becomes obvious that the social security system is the most important area of ​​activity of the state, the clear and well-coordinated work of which is the basis for the further successful development of the Russian state and society.

Literature

1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation: adopted on 12 Dec. 1993 (with amendments). - M.: PRIOR, 2009. - P.32.

Federal Law No. 75-FZ of 07.05.1998 “On Non-State Pension Funds”

Federal Law of November 20, 1990 N 340-1 "On State Pensions in the Russian Federation"

Federal Law of December 15, 2001 N 167-FZ "On Compulsory Pension Insurance in the Russian Federation"

Federal Law of October 24, 1997 N 134-FZ "On the subsistence minimum in the Russian Federation"

Batygin, K.S. Social security law, textbook / K.S. Batygin.//M.: Lawyer, 2011.

Buyanova, M.O. Social security law / M.O. Buyanova, Z.A. Kondratiev, S.I. Kobzeva // M: Lawyer, 2001.

Galaganov, V.P. Social security law: a textbook for spo / V.P. Galaganov. - M.: KNORUS, 2010.

Gracheva, E.Yu. Financial law./Second edition, corrected and supplemented, Moscow publishing house "Jurisprudence", 2000.

Zabelin L.V. Theory of social security./L.V.Zabelin// M., 1997.

Zaikin, A.D. Social security law: / A.D. Zaykin / / Uchebn. allowance. M., 1990.

Zakharov, M.L. Russian social security law./M.L.Zakharov, E.G. Tuchkova//2nd edition, revised and revised Moscow Publishing house "BEK", 2005.

Zakharov M. L., Tuchkova E. G. Practical and scientific commentary on the Law of the Russian Federation “On state pensions in the Russian Federation”. M., 1997.

Dolzhenkova, G. V. Social security law: lecture notes./G.V.Dolzhenkova//M. : Yurayt-Izdat, 2007.

Social security has its own functions. They are usually understood as the external manifestation of the properties of an object. The presence of functions allows answering the question: what is the significance and purpose of social security in the life of society and the state?

In the legal literature, economic and production, political, demographic and social (social rehabilitation), protective, spiritual and ideological and moral and ethical functions of social security are distinguished.

The economic function of social security is:

• a) in replacing earnings or income related to labor (or maintenance), to those persons who have lost it due to various life circumstances - due to age, disability, loss of a breadwinner, illness, unemployment, etc .;
• b) in partial reimbursement of additional expenses caused by various objective reasons - the birth and maintenance of a child, care for young children and elderly citizens, the disabled, etc.;
• c) in providing assistance and support to citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation (poverty, orphanhood, forced migration, etc.).

Funding sources for the implementation of the economic function are funds that are specifically intended for social security. They are accumulated (concentrated): in specialized off-budget social insurance funds. (Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund); in the federal budget, which has special items of expenditure for social needs; in the regional budget (in the budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation); in the funds of social support of the population. In the future, the possibility of the appearance of similar, specially allocated funds in the budgets of local self-government bodies is not ruled out.

The economic function is realized during the redistribution of funds from the above sources. In real life, these funds are provided to citizens in the relevant types of social security - in pensions, benefits, compensations, etc.

There is no doubt that the sufficiency of funds in these sources and their constant maintenance is the main goal of the state. The economic basis of social security, the development of its future depends on the state of the volume of such funds. It is logical to assume that the more funds are available in these sources, the higher the amount of social payments will be. Unfortunately, their level currently does not meet the requirements of many international standards, such as the 1952 ILO Convention on Minimum Standards of Social Security.

From here follows the main task of the state - the creation of conditions under which society would be interested in replenishing the above sources. This can be achieved by various methods used by the state. Thus, one of the ways in which this problem is solved is the creation of an optimal taxation regime for all participants in market relations, regardless of their organizational and legal forms (organizations, individual entrepreneurs, etc.).

Social security is associated with social production, affects it. This influence constitutes its production function. It is expressed in the fact that the right to many types of social security is conditioned by labor activity, and the level of security often depends on its nature and remuneration for work. World experience also shows that as the principles of compulsory social insurance are increasingly implemented, for example, this influence increases, as the stimulating value of social security for increasing labor productivity and professional skills of workers increases.

Social security also contributes to the timely withdrawal from social production of the aging labor force and persons who have lost the ability to work. How does this function of social security manifest itself in real life? Consider the example of an old-age labor pension. The insurance (labor) old-age pension, based on its essence, is a cash payment earned by labor, payment of mandatory insurance payments at the expense of the employee. In its very name, we see a connection with labor. It is the duration of labor that is expressed in the length of service of the employee, and, accordingly, the payment of insurance premiums should ultimately determine the right to a labor pension and its amount.

In other words, the right to a pension directly depends on the participation of citizens in social production, on their socially useful activities and compliance with other conditions established by legal norms. But sometimes employees of the PFR, social protection authorities (etc.) do not fulfill their duties in full, as required. Consider an example: Khabibullin R.T. sued the above statement of claim, indicating that according to work book he worked for 16 years 3 months 11 days in the regions of the Far North. When applying for the appointment of an early labor old-age pension to him, the decision denied him an early pension, excluding periods of work from the special length of service (7l.6m.20dn.). In connection with the refusal, he was forced to apply to the court with a statement to establish a fact of legal significance. decision of the Meleuzovsky District Court of the Republic of Belarus. (Appendix A).

The Birsky District Court, composed of the presiding judge Rodionova S.R., with the secretary Polyudova M.A., having considered in open court with the participation of the plaintiff Knyazeva N.A., the representative of the defendant Iskandarov I.S., the case on the claim of Knyazeva N.A. . to the Office of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in the city of Birsk and the Birsk District on challenging the decision to refuse to grant an early pension and on the obligation to grant an early old-age labor pension.

The court found:

Knyazeva N.A. applied to the court, pointing out that she DD.MM.YYYY applied to the Office of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in the city of Birsk and the Birsky District (hereinafter referred to as UPF) for the appointment of an early retirement old-age pension for her in connection with twenty-five years of teaching experience.

However, the decision of the UPF from DD.MM.YYYYg. she was denied a pension. The period of her work from DD.MM.YYYY to DD.MM.YYYY in the Birsk orphanage (childhood home) as an educator was not included in the teaching experience.

She does not agree with this decision of the UPF, therefore she asks the court to cancel the decision of the UPF, oblige the UPF to include the specified period of work in the preferential period, and oblige the UPF to grant her an early old-age pension from DD.MM.YYYY. (Appendix B).

In 1998, a new concept was introduced into business circulation - "insurance experience". Its appearance is due to the ongoing pension reform. Its main task is to create an effective mechanism that would ensure compliance with the conditions for granting and the size of labor pensions, taking into account the volume (share) of participation in compulsory pension insurance of each individual. In other words, the size of the labor pension should depend on the duration of the insurance period, that is, the payment by each insured person of insurance premiums from their labor income, earnings and the amount of insurance premiums to the Pension Fund.

The Federal Law of December 17, 2001 “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation” (hereinafter referred to as the Law on Labor Pensions.) states that the length of service is the total duration of periods of work and (or) activity during which insurance premiums were paid in Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, as well as other periods counted in seniority. From this definition it can be seen that the new pension legislation has retained some continuity in accounting for the types of socially useful activities and some other periods in the life of citizens counted in the length of service when they did not work and did not engage in any social activity.

At first glance, in principle, nothing has changed here. However, an analysis of the content of the norms relating to other periods of time counted in the length of service shows something else. So, paragraph 1 of Art. 11 of the Law on Labor Pensions does not contain, for example, a mention of periods of preparation for professional activity in the form of training in educational institutions of various types. The exclusion of these and other periods of socially useful activity from the insurance period can lead to a decrease in the quality of labor, and ultimately a decrease in the impact of this social security function on production. After all, the right to many types of social security (for example, labor pensions, insurance benefits, benefits) may no longer be conditioned by the labor activity itself and its duration. In turn, the level of social security will depend to a lesser extent on the labor itself, its nature and the amount of remuneration for it, etc. In this regard, the following questions logically arise: will the employee be interested in the quality of his work, in the presence of a permanent place work, in steadily increasing earnings? Will this generally have a positive effect on the state of the efficiency of the national economy of the country, and especially in those sectors and industries where there has been and remains an insufficiently high level of wages? The previous principle of determining the level of pension provision could be schematically represented as follows: long service - high earnings (labor income) - high pension. Today there is a different principle established by the legislation on labor pensions: more earnings (income) - more insurance contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - PRF) - insurance experience - a larger pension.

The following short story can serve as confirmation of this. According to paragraph 2 of Art. 6 and Art. 29 of the Federal Law "On Compulsory Pension Insurance in the Russian Federation". (Hereinafter referred to as the Law on Pension Insurance) provides for the voluntary entry of persons into legal relations under the pension insurance of the same name - both for themselves and for another individual. The motives here are clear - the involvement of additional financial resources in the Pension Fund and a decrease in the number of persons applying for a social pension, which is paid to those who, for some reason, are not entitled to a labor pension, that is, they have not worked out a five-year minimum insurance period. For such persons, in this case, insurance premiums are established in the form of a fixed payment made by another person.

In our opinion, such innovations testify to the embodiment in the Russian pension provision of the principle of a liberal economy - the freedom to choose work and the freedom to choose the future pension provision. How does all this fit in with the basic functions and principles in Russia as a social state, as written in the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation? Isn't there a contradiction in this? Therefore, the state should take a comprehensive and balanced approach to making legal decisions related to the sphere of social security.

A person's life is long and unpredictable, at any moment everyone can find themselves in a difficult life situation, after which their health may deteriorate, resulting in the loss of the main source of income. AT modern Russia under the current principle of humanism, every citizen has the right to social support from the state.

Guided by the main trends in the socio-economic development of society, all the variety of acceptable risks was concentrated in a single dominant social risk - the loss of labor income.

Characteristic features that make it possible to call certain events a social risk:

The conditionality of a particular economic system and social organization labor;

Property consequences in the form of lack of income from any labor activity, additional expenses for disabled family members;

The interest of society and the state in mitigating and overcoming the consequences of the onset of these events.

Taking into account the objective nature and impact on a person's ability to work, social risks can be grouped into four main groups (Fig. 1 Types of social risks).

Demographic and economic risks do not directly affect the ability to work of a capable person. But of course, a long absence of work, no doubt, leads to a general decline in the standard of living of the family members of the unemployed and his family members, as well as, over time, the loss of professional skills. Also, additional costs associated with having many children can lead to a sharp decrease in the standard of living of the family, deterioration in health, and deterioration in the quality of nutrition.

So, social risk is a probable event, upon the occurrence of which there is a lack of material support due to the loss of income from work or intra-family support.

In a modern market economy, there are no automatic mechanisms for protecting the population from social risks, since these mechanisms require significant material costs and does not make a profit. That's why this task performs the state, which has reached a certain place in the niche of socio-economic development and awareness of the importance for normal functioning society. A state that provides for its citizens, foreigners, stateless persons - located on the territory of a country, on legal grounds, a decent standard of living and free development can be called "social".

Rice. one

A welfare state is a state whose political orientation is the redistribution of material wealth in accordance with the principle of social justice. The welfare state creates a social security system, takes a direct part in the financing of pensions, compensations, benefits, medical and social services (Fig. 2 Social security).

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation - a person, his rights and freedoms are the highest value. The main duty of the state is the recognition, observance and protection of human rights and freedoms. In Article 7, Article 37-41 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights to social security are disclosed.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that: social security is a manifestation of the state's concern for its citizens, the provision of material and social assistance to those who are unable to work for reasons beyond its control, losing their livelihood.

Rice. 2

Due to the vastness of the field of activity of social security, it has a number of functions that deserve attention. Social security and society are connected by invisible threads. Society and all its components definitely influence social security. For effective interaction, feedback takes place in this system: due to its functions, social security affects the determining factors.

As you know, modern society is divided into five main areas of activity: social, economic, political, spiritual and ideological, family and household. There are also five functions of social security: social, economic, political, spiritual and ideological, demographic functions. Let's consider each of the functions in more detail.

1. Social function.

The social function reflects the relationship between the social subsystem of society and social security. Social security is primarily aimed at preventing, mitigating and eliminating the consequences of the onset of various difficult life situations. Depending on the specific situation, four sub-functions can be distinguished:

protective subfunction,

rehabilitation subfunction,

compensation subfunction,

political sub-function.

The protective sub-function covers: protecting citizens from the adverse consequences of the onset of a life situation (old age, disability, illness, unemployment). This function is carried out with the help of pensions, benefits, material assistance, etc.

The rehabilitation sub-function is aimed at the implementation of a system of medical, psychological, pedagogical, socio-economic measures performed in order to eliminate or possibly fully compensate for the restrictions on the life of citizens associated with a violation of human health and a disorder of body functions.

The main task of rehabilitation is the revival of the social status of a citizen, the achievement of material independence and his social adaptation.

The rehabilitation subfunction consists in restoring the physical and other abilities of disability, adapting them to work. This subfunction is translated into reality through the payment of disability pensions, temporary disability benefits, pregnancy and childbirth benefits, employment and vocational training for disabled people, providing them with prosthetic and orthopedic products and vehicles, etc.

A compensatory sub-function is a compensation for lost earnings or income, including an increase in expenses in the event of loss of earnings or income, a decrease in the level of material security due to retirement due to old age, disability, loss of a breadwinner, in the event of the birth of a child, with an increase in retail prices for basic necessities, unemployment, etc.

2. Economic function.

The economic function of social security is to have a positive impact on the economy as a whole, on the needs and interests of people as the main participants in the production process. The economic function contributes to ensuring the availability of all social services, as well as economic growth. This function has a complex internal structure and includes 3 sub-functions: production, distribution and provision.

With the help of the production subfunction, citizens are motivated to work, as well as labor productivity increases, labor resources are freed from elderly and disabled employees, which allows young specialists to acquire jobs. In this way, social security contributes to the creation of strong market relations and economic reforms.

Thanks to the distributive subfunction, special material goods and services are brought to consumers in special ways. The distributive sub-function includes ways of accumulating funds in special funds and distributing them for various purposes - these are the actions of local governments, organizations for the transfer of funds to funds aimed at social security, but the appointment of these funds for the payment of pensions, benefits and services to pensioners .

The security sub-function is responsible for maintaining a sufficient level of well-being of persons for whom social security funds are the main source of subsistence.

3. Political function.

The political function carries out the relationship of social security and politics, first of all, it is social policy. Social services are the means by which the goals of social policy are realized. The institutions and institutions of social policy contribute to the practical implementation of all socio-political measures planned by the state. Social Security plays an essential role in addressing a large number general tasks of social policy at the moment: improving the material well-being of various segments of the population, lowering the risk of social tension, preventing a deterioration in the standard of living of the population.

4. Spiritual and ideological function

The spiritual and ideological function is due to the connection between social security and the spiritual sphere of society. Social Security interacts with social sphere in general, and with its components - all kinds of forms and levels of social consciousness, primarily with morality, ideology, social psychology. Therefore, as part of the spiritual and ideological function, three subfunctions can be conditionally distinguished: ideological, moral and socio-psychological subfunctions.

The ideological subfunction defines the relationship between ideology and welfare. Ideology reflects the views of all segments of the population on various aspects of life, including social security, which actively affects its essence and character. Effective social security has a positive effect on the subconscious of people, thereby strengthening a trusting relationship with the state.

The moral sub-function covers the relationship between ethical belief and social security that exists in modern society. In this case, the ethical views of society on the attitude towards the poor, the poor, children, the elderly, and the disabled are of great importance. Social security includes the provision of material assistance to economically inactive citizens, the provision of families who have lost their breadwinner, assistance in raising children, etc. In addition, due to the moral sub-function, social security contributes to the strengthening of morality in modern society.

The socio-psychological subfunction specializes in the organization of the relationship social psychology and social security. For every person great importance has confidence in a bright future, thanks to social security, the implementation of this subfunction gives people confidence in the future, in social security, which has a positive impact on the development of social psychology.

5. Demographic function.

The last, but also very important demographic function, it includes the impact of social security on all demographic processes taking place in society. The state of the general level of social security directly depends on the demographic structure of the population and characteristic demographic processes. Social security through social programs has a positive impact on demographic processes. The basis of the demographic function is the creation of social incentives, support and development of families, an increase in the birth rate, as well as a decrease in the death rate of the population.

The functions of social security are determined by its nature and intended purpose of the direction of impact on society.

There is a chain of links between social security and society as a system and its elements. Society and its components affect social security. This impact is primary and decisive. At the same time there is feedback: social security, through its functions, influences the factors that determine it. In fulfilling these functions, social security is an active factor in the development of society.