Society's assessment of the social significance of the situation. What are social problems, what are they, and how are they related? What is the prescribed status?
Test on the topic " Social sphere»
Option 1.
A 1. Evaluation by society social significance of one status or another, enshrined in culture and public opinion, is called
1) value 2) adaptation 3) prestige 4) sanction
A 2. In history there is great amount examples of commoners becoming generals. In this case, the army acts as
1) social adaptation 3) social determinants
2) social elevator 4) social control
A 3. After graduation, K. got a job as a manager in a small private company. After some time, he moved to work as a top manager in the largest in the South of Russia holding company. This situation can be seen as an example
1) horizontal social mobility 2) vertical social mobility
3) social stratification 4) professional differentiation
A 4. Relations between people (or groups of people), which are carried out in accordance with the laws of the social organization of society, are called
1) social relations 2) social structures
3) social integration 4) social differentiation
A 5. The distribution of social groups in a hierarchically ordered sequence is called
1) adaptation 2) stratification 3) mobility 4) socialization
A 6. A democratic (partner) family, in contrast to a patriarchal (traditional) family, is characterized by
1) cohabitation of at least three generations
2) a fair division of household duties
3) the economic dependence of women on men
4) the dominant role of men in the family
A 7. The functions of the family are
1) education of law-abiding behavior in children
2) determination of the amount of utility bills
3) setting standards school education
4) determination of the minimum wage
A 8. Social control is a special mechanism for maintaining public order and includes two main elements:
1) power and actions 2) norms and sanctions
3) expectations and motives 4) statuses and roles
A 9. There are rules for ending telephone conversation:
The caller hangs up first. The man who called the woman is waiting for the woman to hang up first.
If the boss called his subordinate, then the latter is waiting for the boss to hang up. What type of social norms can they be attributed to?
1) norms of etiquette 2) customs 3) norms of law 4) traditions
A 10. Social conditions under which people have different access to social benefits are called
1) social mobility 3) social inequality
2) social status 4) social relations
A 11. Which statement is correct?
A. R. and P. got married, formed a family, began to live separately from their parents - this is an example of horizontal mobility.
B. An example of horizontal social mobility is the receipt of workers leadership position at the enterprise in connection with the graduation from the university.
A 12. Which judgment is correct?
A. Behavior that deviates from the values, norms, attitudes and expectations of society or a social group is called deviant.
B. Any manifestation of deviant behavior is a crime.
1) only A is true 3) both judgments are true
2) only B is correct 4) both judgments are wrong
IN 1. Analyze the data given in the social survey table reflecting the answer to the question "What is success?" What conclusion can be drawn from these data?
Age
To be the very best
Respect for others
Financial independence, independence
Career
Family Children
14~18 years old
24%
25%
26%
18%
18-25 years old
11%
19%
45%
28%
25-30 years old
10%
44%
32%
11%
1) young people in all age groups the main criterion for success was economic, independence, independence from others
2) young people under the age of 25 consider the creation of a strong family to be the most important thing in life
3) to be the best - a criterion characteristic of young people aged 18 to 25 years. This is due to their characteristic teenage maximalism.
4) the number of people who believe that the most important thing in life is career, decreases with age
B 2. Read the text below, with each position marked with a letter.
A. The development of interethnic relations in the modern world is associated with two trends - interethnic integration and national differentiation. B. In our opinion, they act constantly, but not without conflict. C. The aggravation of the national question is connected with the contradictions between the growing scientific and technological revolution, which requires maximum cooperation, the international division of labor, and the national identity of states and peoples. D. Contradictions arise between the nation-states themselves due to the presence of specific interests: the use of natural resources, transport communications. E. The reasons for the escalation of conflicts are political, economic, and demographic.
Determine what positions are
1) factual nature 2) nature of value judgments
Write under the letter of the position a number indicating its nature.
B 3. Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words to be inserted in place of spaces.
Social inequality characterizes the relative position of individuals and social ***(A). Specific group or individual ***(B) are recognized as members of society and in public opinion a certain significance is attributed to them. Social inequality in modern society most often understood as *** (B) - the distribution of social groups in a hierarchical order. The concept of "middle class" describes such a socially comfortable position as economic well-being, the availability of property valued in society *** (D), civil rights. Social inequality is determined primarily by the significance and *** (D) of the functions performed for society. In modern society, the profession becomes the defining criterion of social *** (E)
The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used once. Choose the words sequentially one by one, filling in each gap. Note that there are more words on the list than you need to fill in the gaps.
1) status 2) group 3) criterion
4) stratification 5) profession 6) prestige
Part 3 (level C tasks)
1. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social mobility"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the factors affecting social mobility
Additional task for the profile level:
2. To perform at seminar you need to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "International Relations". Make a plan according to which you will perform.
3. Text. Modern migration processes in Russia
External migration processes in Russia are characterized by qualitative features in relation to the emigrating contingent. Recall that over the past 15 years the country has lost at least 100 thousand people annually. Russia is leaving the most educated, professionally trained people, for whose training huge capital has been spent. "Brain drain" is an indicator that characterizes the socio-economic and political situation of the country. First of all, scientists, doctors, technical and creative intelligentsia, highly skilled workers are leaving Russia. Our citizens, leaving the country, significantly contribute to the growth of the scientific, technical and intellectual potential of Germany, Israel, the USA and a number of other countries.
"Brain drain" has a pronounced perspective character. According to the results of surveys of graduates of leading natural-technical universities (Moscow State University, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow Aviation Institute, etc.), more than 50% of them would like to emigrate, and 10-12% already have specific proposals for working abroad. Today, every fifth emigrant has a higher education, including among those who left for Israel - 30%, in the USA - more than 40% (the share of people with higher education in Russia is only 13.3%). The departure of a highly qualified specialist is equivalent to the loss of 300 thousand dollars a year for Russia. The damage caused by the departure of one specialist with a Ph.D. degree in some cases reaches $2 million. According to the most conservative estimates of experts on population migration, in the coming years Russia will suffer losses in the amount of $30-35 billion annually due to the departure of specialists with a high level of training.
The paradoxical nature of the qualitative side of the immigration-emigration balance is determined by the fact that, giving a number of countries its most highly qualified personnel, Russia acquires very low-skilled personnel from part of the excess labor potential of neighboring and even distant countries. There is no exact definition of the number of immigrants to Russia, according to many experts, illegal immigrants are at least 1 million people. In a number of regions of the country, illegal immigration has the most significant impact on the socio-economic, and often even on the state-political situation. For example, people from countries South-East Asia(mainly from China) focus on the Far East. Taking into account the growing outflow of the Russian-speaking population from the regions of the Far East, the increase in the proportion of Chinese in the total population creates not only ethnic and cultural problems, but also far-reaching economic, military-strategic and political difficulties.
Illegal immigrants occupy the most unprestigious jobs for the local population. A significant part of them agree to work outside their specialty and without formalizing their labor relations with the employer. This situation creates special social and economic consequences. Employers become less interested in improving working conditions and introducing new, more advanced technology; favorable conditions are created for the development of the shadow economy; the level of injuries and morbidity among migrants is growing.
Russia is unable today to avoid both legal and illegal immigration. Its inevitability is predetermined by the demographic situation in the country. For the sake of preserving the territory, the state will have to open the doors wide for immigrants. It is already extremely difficult to curb illegal migration today; we will have to respond by expanding legal opportunities for immigration. It is necessary, without delay, to develop a new migration legislation that takes into account today's and tomorrow's interests of Russia. But just changing the laws is not enough. Different attitudes towards nation and citizenship are urgently needed, it is necessary to control the structure of immigration. At the same time, new management schemes and aspirations should be aimed at optimizing the demographic situation of the people of Russia, it is necessary not tomorrow, but today, in reality, to take care of their well-being and health.
P. D. Pavlenok, L. I. Savinov. "Sociology"
C1. What is a "brain drain"? Why does the author consider it an indicator that characterizes the socio-economic situation in the country?
C2. Name at least three consequences of the brain drain.
SZ. What is the qualitative characteristic of illegal immigration? What social and economic problems arise in connection with it? (Name at least three.)
Answers to tasks:
Option 1.
Part A
Part B.
AT 11
IN 2.
AT 3.
Part 3 (C).
C 1. Social mobility - a change in the place occupied by a person or a group of people in social structure.
Suggestions reflecting factors: subjective - a person's awareness of his social origin, state policy.
Test "Man and Society" Profile
Option number 1
1. Definition: “The totality of ideas, views, theories, as well as feelings, habits and mores of a particular social community or group” refers to the concept
A) public consciousness B) society
C) ordinary consciousness D) ideology
2. Ivan - tall, thin, with beautiful features, courageous, prudent, slow and cautious. All this characterizes Ivan as
A) personality B) citizen C) personality D) professional
3. Automation of production is widespread in R.'s society, and computerization is being successfully carried out. Which Additional Information will allow us to conclude that R.'s society is post-industrial?
A) the main product of production - industrial products
B) the main factor of production - knowledge
AT) wide application mechanisms, technologies
D) class division of society
4. What sign characterizes a traditional society?
A) intensive urbanization B) the predominance of assigned social status
C) high social mobility D) growth in consumption
5. Meaningful drivers of human activity include
A) habits B) drives C) motives D) emotions
6. Are they true the following judgments about the similarities and differences between humans and animals?
A. Ants and other "social" animals work just like humans.
B. All animal individuals, unlike humans, always act according to the genetic program.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
7. The basis of human existence is
A) friendship B) love C) consumerism D) activity
8. Write down the missing word in the diagram.
Types ……………………….
traditional
industrial
post-industrial
9. Which characteristic is not suitable for a traditional society:
A) low level of social mobility
B) the dominance of religion, customs and traditions
C) the agrarian nature of the economy
D) globalization of life
10. A person's need for anything is:
A) abilities B) activities C) needs D) interest E) values
11. A characteristic feature of a post-industrial society is:
A) extension industrial production
B) slowdown in development
C) the creation of mass culture
D) use of computer technology
12. The emergence of transnational corporations in modern society, development international trade serve as a manifestation of the trend:
A) modernization B) globalization C) democratization D) informatization
13. The transition to a post-industrial society is characterized by:
A) the formation market economy
B) limited social mobility
C) the development of mass media
D) the organization of factory production
14. Are the following judgments about the process of globalization correct?
A) the development of mass communications makes modern world more holistic
B) all global problems are a consequence economic integration
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
15. Social progress is expressed in:
A) progressive development of society B) links between society and nature
C) stability of forms public life D) the systemic structure of society
16. In the transition from a traditional society to an industrial one:
A) increased dominance Agriculture over industry
B) the importance of science and education has increased
B) increased class differences
D) the importance of collectivist values has increased as opposed to the values of individual freedom
17. Which of the following characterizes modern Western society?
A) an agrarian type of society
B) underdevelopment of private property institutions
C) the special value of human individuality
D) the predominance of collective forms of consciousness
18. At the heart of the civilizational approach to the study of society:
A) highlighting the general B) highlighting the special
C) the development of the mind D) the development of morality.
19. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the industrial society. Find two terms that fall out of the general row, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1. Mass culture, 2. Technology, 3. Community, 4. Private property, 5 . castes , 6. Law, 7. Classes, 8. Ecological crisis, 9. Human rights and freedoms.
KEY to the Test "Man and Society" Grade 10. Profile
Option number 1
1- A 2- C 3- B 4- B 5- C 6- 2 7- D 8- Companies 9- D 10- C
11- D 12- B 13- C 14- 1 15- A 16- B 17- C 18- B 19- 3.5
PHILOSOPHY Ed. V.P. Kokhanovsky
"Phoenix" 1995.
PHILOSOPHY Ed. N.I. Zhukov
Minsk STC "API" 1998
PHILOSOPHY Ed. B.S. Tribuleva
Minsk BSPA 1994.
BASICS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC KNOWLEDGE
Minsk BSPA 1994.
PHILOSOPHY Ed. I.P. Mamykina
Minsk IP "Ekoperspektiva" 1997.
E.V. ZOLOTUKHINA-ABOLINA "COUNTRY PHILOSOPHY"
"Phoenix" 1995.
PHILOSOPHY Ed. Yu.A. Harina
Minsk "Higher School" 1993.
MOGILEV SCHOOL OF POLICE
MIA OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
CYCLE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DISCIPLINES
COURSE "FOUNDATIONS OF PHILOSOPHICAL KNOWLEDGE"
LECTURE ON THE TOPIC N 10
" INDIVIDUAL. FREEDOM. VALUES. "
TIME: 2 HOURS
PREPARED: HEAD
CYCLE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DISCIPLINES
POLICE LIEUTENANT COLONEL
GODUN A.N.
THE LECTURE IS DISCUSSED AND APPROVED AT THE SESSION OF THE CYCLE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DISCIPLINES ON OCTOBER 24, 1999. PROTOCOL N 3
MOGILEV, 1999.
LECTURE PLAN
INTRODUCTION
INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY.
THE ROLE OF THE PERSON IN THE PROGRESS OF SOCIETY.
INCREASE IN INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM AS
CRITERION OF PUBLIC PROGRESS.
INTRODUCTION
Considering the previous topic of the course "Man as a Philosophical Problem", we found out that, unlike other biological species living on planet Earth, man is a unique being.
At the same time, it combines both biological and social principles. That is, he can become a person, a person only by living in a society, among his own kind.
Purpose of the lecture: find out what place a person occupies in society, how relations are built in the system a person - society, what influence a person can have on social progress.
I. INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY.
When we talk about a person - "he is a person", we mean that he is a mentally normal person, able to independently think and act sensibly. But each of us can become a person only in society, in the process of life, activity and communication with other people.
In society, each person occupies a certain position, which depends on the functions performed by him - the president, a member of the government, an officer, a doctor, a teacher, an engineer, a worker. In other words, each of us has our own social status.
Social status is an assessment by society of a person's position in it.
The formation of social status is influenced by both objective and subjective reasons.
Objective reasons- do not depend on the person himself. This is his social origin, nationality, gender.
Subjective reasons are the personal qualities of a person, his qualifications, education.
It is thanks to these subjective factors that a person has the opportunity to significantly change his social status. Today, subjective factors play a major role in determining social status.
I'll give you an example. Let's take two young people - your peers. But one of them was born in Mexico, in a simple peasant family, and the other - in the family of a British lord.
Do you think they will have the same starting positions?
Of course not. Moreover, not only in those countries where they were born.
So, admission to any prestigious university in the world - Harvard, Cambridge, Oxford, Sarbon for a descendant of a British lord will not be big problem- there would be money available for tuition fees. And for a Mexican, even legal entry into any developed country in the world can be a serious problem.
Recently, however, among the well-known names of scientists, businessmen, Chinese, Korean, Latin American are increasingly common. That is, representatives of various social groups were able to overcome the inequality of starting social positions and, thanks to work, perseverance, and intellectual activity, significantly change their social status.
I will give examples. In 1949, two young Americans, whose entire capital was $50, decided to start their own business. The amount that they had was scanty, but they had a great desire, passion and a favorite thing to which they wanted to devote their whole lives. Having rented an old garage and repaired it, they create a radio equipment repair workshop here. They worked 12 hours a day and gradually accumulated the necessary amount to expand the business. They were among the first who began to create a prototype of such a familiar personal computer today. The young men's names were Hulerd and Packard. Currently, it is one of the most prosperous companies in the production of computer peripherals.
time he is CEO largest computer
corporations Microsoft producing the latest software
And his name is Bill Gates.
The opportunity to change the social status is greater, the higher the level of civilized society.
Was it possible for a commoner to become a nobleman in pre-Petrine times in Russia?
Now, in the civilized countries of the world, every person has rights that make it possible to freely move up the social ladder, from a farmer to a president.
For example, the President of the Republic of Belarus is Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko. Born into a simple peasant family, and thanks to his abilities, diligence and other qualities, he became the first President of the Republic of Belarus.
Or the former President of the United States of America - Ronald Reagan. He was also born into a farmer's family and later became the head of state. Moreover, he showed outstanding abilities in government and was re-elected for a second term - a very rare phenomenon for the United States of America.
At the same time, it should be remembered that a person can realize himself as a person within the framework of any social status. It is no coincidence that the well-known Russian proverb says: "It is not the place that makes the man, but the man the place!" Therefore, the best realization of the abilities of the individual is possible with its harmony with the activity that it performs.
It often happens that an excellent practical worker becomes a bad administrator, after an appropriate appointment. Therefore, in your future service, think and weigh before agreeing to a tempting offer. And if you are not interested in the activity that you will be doing, it is better to stay at your previous job. Otherwise, disappointment awaits both you and those people with whom you will work.
The concept of social status is closely related to the concept prestige. Prestige- this is an assessment by the people themselves of the significance of their position in society.
In a civilized society, social status and prestige usually coincide.
For example, the social status of a doctor, a scientist, a policeman, a teacher, and a skilled worker is very high. At the same time, these professions are very prestigious in developed countries.
The lower the level of civilized society, the more social status and prestige do not match.
So, in the early 90s in the former republics of the Union it was very prestigious to be a "shuttle", a director commercial bank, a private entrepreneur. At the same time, many were simply embarrassed to admit that they work as engineers, teachers, doctors - these professions were so unprestigious at that time. But without them, that society cannot exist!
Do you think this situation still exists in our Republic?
Individual and society are in active relationship with each other. Society forms a person, develops and educates him.
And the more society gives to a person, the more it can expect from him.
At the same time, a person is also responsible to society.
When establishing mutual relations between a person and society, the most complete realization of the abilities of the individual is possible, and how
consequence - the whole society.
An example is the Swedish society.
For a long time, the state encouraged the production of material values here, stimulated market relations under the control of the state, regulated uniform distribution income among the population. By the way, Sweden ranks first in the world in terms of even distribution of income among the country's population. The country has one of the highest living standards in the world.
The state covers the rent if it unnecessarily burdens the budget of a Swedish family.
Each child under 16 years old is charged up to 5000 kroons if there is one parent in the family.
The state largely bears the cost of medical care for each citizen.
Excellent conditions for work and rest are created.
But every inhabitant of Sweden has comprehended the truth: well-being does not arise from nothing, it cannot be personal, isolated from society.
Swedes give more than 50% of their income to the state in the form of taxes. They are distinguished by a very high level of citizenship. Sweden is one of the most law-abiding countries.
As we can see, very harmonious relations between society and the individual are really developing here.
The realization of a person's abilities is also connected with ensuring the guarantees of the rights of the individual.
And it depends on the political regime that is taking shape in society. The mode can be of three types: democratic, authoritarian and totalitarian.
Democratic regime- this is the most progressive political order, as it creates conditions for the true freedom of the individual, his creativity and self-expression in all spheres of activity.
(we show slide N 1)
In a democratic regime, the individual has the opportunity to influence the process of making and implementing the most important political decisions.
(we show slide N 2)
Totalitarian regime - represents the violent political domination of a group of "chosen" headed by a leader.
(we show slide N 3)
Under the conditions of a totalitarian regime, the individual is completely suppressed and is in complete subordination to the ruling group.
CONCLUSION:
Thus, each of us can realize himself as a person only by living in society, occupying a certain social status.
The social status of a person is determined by both objective and subjective reasons. The individual and society are closely interconnected. With the establishment of harmonious relations between them, the most complete realization of the individual, and as a result, of the whole society, is possible.
2. Personal and social status of a person. Social roles
Status - it is a certain position in the social structure of a group or society, connected with other positions through a system of rights and obligations.
Sociologists distinguish two types of status: personal and acquired. Personal status is the position of a person that he occupies in the so-called small, or primary, group, depending on how his individual qualities are evaluated in it. On the other hand, in the process of interaction with other individuals, each person performs certain social functions that determine his social status.
The social status is general position individual or social group in society, associated with a certain set of rights and obligations. Social statuses are prescribed and acquired (achieved). The first category includes nationality, place of birth, social origin, etc., the second - profession, education, etc.
In any society, there is a certain hierarchy of statuses, which is the basis of its stratification. Certain statuses are prestigious, others are vice versa. Prestige is an assessment by society of the social significance of a particular status, enshrined in culture and public opinion. This hierarchy is formed under the influence of two factors:
a) the real usefulness of those social functions that a person performs;
b) the system of values characteristic of a given society.
If the prestige of any statuses is unreasonably high or, conversely, underestimated, it is usually said that there is a loss of status balance. A society in which there is a similar tendency to lose this balance is unable to ensure its normal functioning. Authority must be distinguished from prestige. Authority is the degree to which society recognizes the dignity of an individual, a particular person.
The social status of a person primarily affects her behavior. Knowing the social status of a person, one can easily determine most of the qualities that he possesses, as well as predict the actions that he will carry out. Such expected behavior of a person, associated with the status that he has, is commonly called social role. A social role is actually a certain pattern of behavior that is recognized as appropriate for people of a given status in a given society. In fact, the role provides a model showing exactly how an individual should act in a given situation. Roles vary in their degree of formalization: some are very clearly defined, such as in military organizations, others are very vague. A social role can be assigned to a person both formally (for example, in a legislative act), or be informal.
Every individual is a reflection of the totality public relations of his era. Therefore, each person has not one but a whole set of social roles that he plays in society. Their combination is called the role system. Such a variety of social roles can cause an internal conflict of the individual (in the event that some of the social roles contradict each other).
Scientists suggest various classifications social roles. Among the latter, as a rule, the so-called basic (basic) social roles are distinguished. These include:
a) the role of the worker;
b) the role of the owner;
c) the role of the consumer;
d) the role of a citizen;
e) the role of a family member.
However, despite the fact that the behavior of an individual is largely determined by the status that it occupies and the roles it plays in society, it (the individual) nevertheless retains its autonomy and has a certain freedom of choice. And although in modern society there is a tendency towards the unification and standardization of the individual, fortunately, its complete leveling does not occur. The individual has the opportunity to choose from a variety of social statuses and the roles offered to him by society, those that allow him to better realize his plans, to use his abilities as efficiently as possible. The acceptance of a particular social role by a person is influenced by both social conditions and his biological and personal characteristics (health, gender, age, temperament, etc.). Any role prescription outlines only general scheme human behavior, offering to make a choice of ways of its execution by the personality itself.
SOCIAL ASSESSMENT
- English evaluation, social; German Bewertung, soziale. Approval or disapproval, to-rye show a group, organization or society in relation to its members in response to the fulfillment or non-fulfillment of the requirements imposed on them.
Antinazi. Encyclopedia of Sociology, 2009
See what "SOCIAL ASSESSMENT" is in other dictionaries:
SOCIAL ASSESSMENT- English. evaluation, social; German Bewertung, soziale. The approval or disapproval that a group, organization or society shows towards its members in response to the fulfillment or non-fulfillment of the requirements placed on them ... Dictionary in sociology
Or an analysis of the regulatory impact (influence), RIA / RIA (English Impact Assessment, Regulatory Impact Assessment, Regulatory Impact Analysis, RIA, German Gesetzesfolgenabschätzung, GFA, French l évaluation des politiques publiques et aux ... ... Wikipedia
Social policy area policy social development and social security; a system of activities carried out by a business entity (usually the state) aimed at improving the quality and standard of living of certain social ... ... Wikipedia
Social engineering is a set of applied social science approaches that are focused on purposeful change. organizational structures that determine human behavior and provide control over it. On becoming and ... ... Wikipedia
SOCIAL HYGIENE- SOCIAL HYGIENE, the science of the laws of society. health and healthcare. Unlike medical biol. and clinical disciplines that study the body of a healthy and sick individual, this year arose and developed in the process of differentiation of honey. and… … Demographic Encyclopedic Dictionary
social epistemology- SOCIAL EPISTEMOLOGY (English social epistemology, German soziale Erkenntnistheorie) is one of the modern areas of research at the intersection of philosophy, history and sociology of science, science of science. Over the past 30 years, it has been actively developing, ... ... Encyclopedia of Epistemology and Philosophy of Science
MORAL ASSESSMENT one of the types of assessment, the act of identifying and justifying moral value certain phenomena (actions, intentions, etc.) that make up conscious human activity; judgment (statement) expressing ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia
SOCIAL EXPERTISE- a comprehensive assessment of the state of social, including labor, relations in an organization (organizations located in the same administrative territorial unit) and the development practical advice parties social partnership;… … Russian encyclopedia of labor protection
Social technology is a set of methods and techniques that allow achieving results in the tasks of interaction between people, that is, in fact, social technology is a structure of communicative influences that change social ... ... Wikipedia
social perception- Author. J. Bruner (1947). Category. The phenomenon of perception. Specificity. Influence on the process of perception of social or personal factors, which may include motivation, attitudes, expectations, group influence, etc. Literature. (Ed.) Andreeva G ... Great Psychological Encyclopedia
Books
- Social qualimetry, quality assessment and standardization of social services, Shimorina E.F. Tutorial prepared in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of the 3rd generation in the field of study Social work. The guide covers the main…
- Social qualimetry, quality assessment and standardization of social services. Textbook, Shimorina E.F.. The textbook was prepared in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of the 3rd generation in the direction of training "Social work". The guide covers the main…
in psychology) (social understanding), a method by which people evaluate their own behavior and the behavior of others. devoted to the work of the Austrian on origin. Fritz Heider (1896-1988) Psychology interpersonal relationships(1958). He believed that people often attach meaning to not always explainable facts of their lives, linking them to non-obvious causal factors, for example, moods (in such cases great importance has a sense of self). Hyder also paid great attention to biases in assessing the behavior of other people. For example, we clearly fall into prejudice when we believe that another person fully shares our opinion. We also exaggerate the role of such factors as ability, character, intentions, and underestimate the role of many others. ext. factors such as societies, pressures, and the difficulty of accomplishing the task facing the individual. There is disagreement among psychologists about the reasons for such prejudices. According to ongoing research, people have developed def. representations (scenarios) regarding the consequences of behavior. They do not need a special causal analysis, because Scenarios provide ready-made predictions and explanations. Psychologists draw on Haider's ideas to understand how the evaluation people give to success and failure affects motivation and predisposition to depression (interpersonal perception, social identity theory).
