OAO Kolomna Plant. Kolomna Diesel Locomotive Plant Holding Company Kolomna Plant

Copper iron foundry and mechanical, K. machine-building plant(former Struve and Co.) 3 versts from the city of Kolomna, at the very station of Staraya Kolomna, Moscow-Kazan Railway. Built in 1862 by engineer G. E. Struve. FROM… … Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

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Kolomna Institute of Moscow State Open University (KI MGOU) Parent organization Moscow State Open University Year of foundation 1955 Director ... Wikipedia

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OJSC Kolomensky Zavod Founded in 1863 Founders A. E. Struve Key figures Vladimir Karpov (general director) ... Wikipedia

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Books

• Passenger diesel locomotive TEP 70, V. G. Bykov. The book discusses design features diesel locomotive TEP 70, its units and diesel generator systems 2 A-9 DG, electrical equipment, undercarriage. Designed for drivers...

The plant was founded in 1863 near the city of Kolomna by military engineer A.E. Struve under the name "Mechanical and Foundry Plant of Engineers of the Struve Brothers". The first products of the plant were bridge structures for railways. In the second half of the 19th century, the plant produced steam locomotives, wagons, river boats, locomobiles. From 1871 he moved to Joint-stock company Kolomna Machine-Building Plant.

The enterprise is an active participant in the implementation of the Comprehensive program for the modernization and renewal of traction and rolling stock, implemented by Russian Railways OJSC as part of the transport strategy of Russia.

As part of the implementation of the federal target program for Diesel Engineering, the Kolomna Plant, with the participation of Transmashholding and the Sinara Group, developed five promising heavy engines. The Ministry of Industry and Trade is preparing to place a special investment contract (SPIC) for several tens of billions of rubles for the serial production of these units for transport engineering. In this connection, a decision was made at the Kolomna plant to modernize production through the implementation of an investment program. The total investment program for the period from 2018 to 2022 will amount to 15.5 billion rubles. The Investment Program is aimed at improving the quality of manufactured products, their competitiveness, reducing production costs, developing priority products, such as diesel engines of the new generation D300, D500, created at the enterprise under the Federal Target Program.

To organize mass production of new engines, the Kolomna plant will undergo modernization and large-scale re-equipment of the plant. During the implementation of the program, it is planned to reconstruct several workshops for diesel production, an engineering center, and create a test site diesel engines, purchase and installation of about 200 units of modern high-tech metalworking equipment, renewal of the lifting equipment fleet, introduction of energy-saving technologies at the facilities of the energy complex.

The modernization of production will allow the plant in 2020 to become one of the leaders in the implementation of the plan of Russian Railways to acquire new diesel locomotives and electric locomotives, and to provide Russian Railways with new diesel and electric locomotives for 30% of the total traction stock modernization program for 2020. The planned volume of purchases of new locomotives in 2020 is 105 billion rubles. Accordingly, it is rational to believe that the revenue of Kolomensky Zavod OJSC in 2020 from the sale of electric and diesel locomotives will be more than 30 billion rubles, which exceeds today's production volumes by more than 100%.

Struve Brothers Engineering Plant (Kolomensky Zavod)

Kolomna Plant was founded in 1863 by military engineer Amand Egorovich Struve (1835-1898), who received a contract to build a railway bridge across the Oka River in Kolomna.

Initially, the plant specialized in the construction of bridges from its own metal structures, which were previously purchased abroad. The Struve plant was the first in Russia to start building large iron bridges and put this specialization on a high level. From factory structures, bridges were built for both railways and pedestrians and crews in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kyiv, Tver, Smolensk, Murom and other cities.

Due to the constant need to be at the construction sites of bridges, Amand Struve invited the military engineer Gustav Yegorovich (1834-1882) as a partner to manage production at the Kolomna Plant, after which in 1866 the enterprise was named the Struve Brothers Engineers Plant.

At the same time, Anton Ivanovich Lessing (1840-1915), a Bavarian subject, a Moscow merchant of the first guild, joined the brothers' business.

Quite quickly, the plant turned into a diversified machine-building enterprise. Already in 1867, in terms of production volume (2 million rubles) and the number of workers (1800 people), the Struve plant occupied the second position in European Russia, second only to the N.I. Putilov in Petersburg.

On January 1, 1872, the plant was transformed into the "Joint Stock Company of the Kolomna Machine-Building Plant" with a fixed capital of 2.8 million rubles. By this time, its activities had reached colossal proportions: it was the first enterprise in Russia to build iron bridges, the third car building plant in the history of Russia (the production of cars began in 1865), the largest domestic manufacturer steam locomotives (the first steam locomotive was built in 1869).

In the first five years from the beginning of the creation of cars, the share of the production of the Kolomna Plant in the domestic car building was almost a third, but then, with the advent of new plants, it gradually began to decline. In the period from 1865 to 1871, 3,313 wagons were built at the Kolomna Plant (19% of all wagons), 67 steam locomotives were manufactured (57% of domestically produced steam locomotives).

On March 18, 1873, a solemn holiday was organized at the plant on the occasion of the release of the 100th steam locomotive (1-2-0, type 6), which was given the name "Kolomna". During the celebrations, it was announced to everyone that the 100th Kolomna steam locomotive would be sent to the World's Fair in May in Vienna, the capital of Austria-Hungary. Its organizers were major bankers and industrialists, including the Rothschilds and Krupps. The exposition attracted many entrepreneurs from all over the world to Vienna, however, despite such serious competition, the Kolomna steam locomotive received the highest award - an Honorary Diploma. Subsequently, the locomotive was operated on the Moscow-Ryazan railway.

According to the established tradition, the jubilee steam locomotives of the Kolomna Plant were called by proper names: the 100th steam locomotive - "Kolomna" (1873), the 200th - "G.E. Struve" (1874), the 500th - "M.Kh. Reitern "(1879).

In 1870, at a commercial and industrial fair in St. Petersburg, the Kolomna Plant was awarded the highest award - the State Emblem; after - two more State Emblems: at trade and industrial fairs in Moscow in 1882 and Nizhny Novgorod in 1896. It was a unique case in the history of the industry. In general, the expositions of the Kolomna Plant have always amazed with their scope. For example, from the exhibits presented at the All-Russian Art and Industrial Exhibition of 1882, a commercial four-axle steam locomotive, type No. 24, worth 30,000 rubles, was especially noteworthy. silver, as well as a steam-powered model in 1/5 of the natural size of a goods-passenger steam locomotive, type No. 20.

In addition, extremely elegant and richly decorated carriages were presented: a passenger carriage of the 1st and 2nd classes, with water heating, a government-type boxcar.

The production, growing year after year, experienced a shortage of metal, so in 1873 the Kulebaksky steel plant near Murom was acquired. In 1878, the Kolomna people built a shallow-draft river steamer "Kulebaki" to deliver metal. Orders for ships of this type, "falling down" on the plant, prompted the board to establish a shipbuilding industry, during which 128 steamships were built.

In 1882, during a difficult period of economic crisis and unemployment, Amand Yegorovich was forced to take direct control of the plant due to the death of his brother Gustav. The plant withstood the general unemployment that shook many other mechanical enterprises, and it was soon decided to move on to new branches of mechanical production. So, since 1882, the construction of locomobiles began, since 1883 - agricultural machines and implements (steam and horse threshers, seeders, straw cutters, winnowing machines, horse drives, etc.), in 1884 - passenger cars and peat machines.

In addition to all this, Amand Struve successfully implemented a project to equip the city railway in Kyiv with a new type of transport - an electric tram, which subsequently became widespread. By 1886, this type of transport was used only in England, Germany, the USA, and France.

Amand Egorovich not only tested on the streets of Kyiv all the species that existed at that time public transport(horse car, locomobile, electric tram), but also supplied them with wagons and rails manufactured at the Kolomensky and Kulebaksky iron-rolling plants. The regular passenger movement of the electric tram was launched on June 1, 1892: in the presence of hundreds of citizens, the first electric tram in the empire drove from Tsarskaya Square to Aleksandrovskaya Square. The tram service connected suburban areas with the center, showing its advantages on steep city streets. In the future, Kolomna trams worked in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Odessa, Voronezh.

In 1895, the Kolomna Plant completed an interesting order for the Ryazan-Ural Railway - it produced a special service train equipped with electric lighting and consisting of salon, director, service, dining cars and a power station car. On the next year a saloon car was built for Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich.

In 1900, at the World Exhibition in Paris, the Kolomna Plant was awarded the highest Grand Prix award for a five-axle passenger steam locomotive "Compound" with three twin axles, adapted for heating with oil; commodity 4-axle narrow-gauge steam locomotive for sidings, 1st class passenger car, 2/3 class passenger car, peat press.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the territory of the Kolomna Plant was 60 hectares. The number of workers - 7460 people, 400 employees. Up to 220 steam locomotives, up to 150 passenger cars, about 1800 freight cars and 200 tank cars were produced annually, the production of metal structures for bridges, steamships, icebreakers, dredgers, locomobiles, peat presses, etc. continued.

At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, society faced an energy problem, since steam engines, which were previously used as energy sources, could no longer fully provide the required volumes of energy consumption. In 1899, in St. Petersburg, at the Russian Diesel plant of the Nobel brothers, a prototype diesel engine was built, running on crude oil.

Realizing the promise of a new type of heat engine, the owners of the Kolomna plant, headed by the chairman of the board Anton Ivanovich Lessing, also decided to organize the production of diesel engines at the enterprise. In 1903, the first diesel engine was manufactured, and after a while the Kolomna plant became largest enterprise in the country for their production. Its engineers found a way to adapt diesel as a power plant for river and sea ​​vessels. In 1907, the world's first motor ship "Kolomensky diesel" was built here, after which the plant became the leading Russian enterprise in thermal ship building, starting to supply diesel engines for navy. In 1909-1913, under the guidance of the famous engineer F. Meinecke, diesel locomotive projects were developed, which have not yet been implemented. The construction of locomotives with diesel engines began only in the early 1930s.

In 1916, the plant celebrated the release of the 5000th steam locomotive (type 86), built by order of the Ministry of War and sent to the front to service military field roads. In a telegram to the Minister of Railways, the management of the plant emphasized that the Kolomna plant was the first in the Russian Empire to reach the production of the 5000th steam locomotive. In honor of recognition of the merits of the enterprise with the highest permission, this steam locomotive was decorated with the image of the imperial monogram.

After the Civil War, the plant quickly restored production. Along with the manufacture of new steam locomotives, small and medium repairs of rolling stock began to be carried out here, and diesel and thermal ship building was resumed. In the 1920s, in addition to the development of railway transport, the plant mastered the production of various agricultural machinery, tram motor cars, snow plows, trolleys, etc.

Since the beginning of the 1930s, without stopping the production of steam locomotives and diesel engines, the factory workers set about developing machines that were qualitatively new for the country - diesel locomotives and electric locomotives. The first diesel locomotive with a capacity of 600 liters. With. was built in 1930.

Equipped with an electric transmission, it was intended for shunting work at large stations. In 1932, together with the Dynamo plant, the first Soviet freight electric locomotive VL19 was produced, in 1933 the plant was the first in the country to master the mass production of mainline diesel locomotives, and in 1934 a passenger electric locomotive of the PB series was built. For the creation and development of new machines in 1939, the plant was awarded the Order of Lenin.

In the first months of the Great Patriotic War, the main part of the plant was evacuated to Kirov, where the production of military equipment was launched in a short time: tanks, Katyusha mortars, self-propelled guns. The workers who remained in Kolomna repaired military equipment, mastered the construction of mobile platforms for anti-aircraft guns, built 2 armored trains, set up production various kinds ammunition and equipment.

During the war years, the plant fulfilled large orders for metallurgical plants: it produced coke pushers, equipment for blast furnaces, iron carriers, mine hoisting machines, and converters. For restoration work in the liberated territories, diesel hammers and spare parts for power plants were manufactured. In 1943, steam locomotive building and diesel engine building were resumed at the enterprise. For the successful completion of important tasks for the production of ammunition and metallurgical equipment during the war years in 1945, the plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

After the war, the superstructure of the railway tracks was weakened and could no longer support heavy vehicles. A light, simple and economical freight locomotive was needed, so in 1945 such a locomotive was built, called Pobeda. In honor of the chief designer of the plant, Lev Lebedyansky, this steam locomotive was assigned the L series.

In addition to the Kolomna plant, the Voroshilovgrad and Bryansk plants built the L steam locomotives in a large series. With a power of 2,200 hp. these machines developed speeds up to 80 km / h and were more economical than all operated freight locomotives. Appearance on railways locomotives "L" made it possible to significantly increase the speed of trains, increase throughput railways. The locomotive-monument of the "L" series is installed in Kolomna on Lebedyansky Boulevard.

The volume of production of steam locomotives grew rapidly, but transport could not cope with the transportation of an increasing cargo flow - mainly because its main technical base - steam locomotives - had exhausted its capabilities. For 88 years of steam locomotive building, the enterprise has created about 200 types of steam locomotives in the amount of 10420 pieces.

In 1956, by decision of the government, the production of steam locomotives was stopped, and the plant was instructed to switch to the production of diesel locomotives. And in the same year, a diesel locomotive TEZ, built according to the drawings of the Kharkiv plant named after I.I. Malyshev, and in 1958 in Kolomna a freight diesel locomotive TE50 of its own design was built with a diesel engine of its own design. Further development locomotive building at the Kolomna plant was based on the development and production of new types of diesel engines and diesel locomotives of only their own design. At the same time, the first gas turbine locomotives in the country were built, and work was underway to create mobile diesel power plants.

In 1959, the Kolomna Plant was designated as the head enterprise for the development and production of passenger diesel locomotives. In 1960, a passenger diesel locomotive TEP60 was built here. When creating this first domestic high-speed locomotive, all the latest achievements in the field of locomotive building were taken into account. New diesel locomotive with a diesel generator 11D45 with a capacity of 3000 hp was intended for driving passenger trains weighing 600-1000 tons at speeds up to 160 km/h.

In the mid-1960s, the management of the plant decided to create a power range of medium-speed four-stroke diesel engines D49 of a modular design for locomotive building, shipbuilding, power plants, heavy dump trucks, etc. In the global and domestic diesel industry, the solution to the problem of modularity and unification has become a significant achievement for engines of this class .

The development and development of the production of a promising range of D49 diesel engines became the basis for the creation of a new generation of domestic diesel locomotives. In the early 1970s, a passenger diesel locomotive TEP70 with a capacity of 4000 hp was built. in one section. Diesel locomotives TEP70, mass-produced from 1988 to 2006, have become a kind of calling card enterprises, they are still operated on non-electrified sections of railways in Russia and neighboring countries.

In 1975-1977, two prototypes of the passenger diesel locomotive TEP75 with a capacity of 6000 hp were built. in one section, in 1988-1989, experimental eight-axle diesel locomotives TEP80 appeared with the same power in one section and the original design of a four-axle bogie. In 1993, during experimental trips of the diesel locomotive TEP80, for the first time in world practice, a speed of 271 km/h was reached.

Work on new technology She did not stop at the plant during the economic crisis in the late 1990s. In accordance with the federal program "Development and production of a new generation of passenger rolling stock at Russian enterprises" in 1997, the plant manufactured two prototypes of an EP200 passenger AC electric locomotive with a capacity of 8000 kW and a speed of 200 km/h, which became the first high-speed passenger electric locomotives of domestic production.

At the same time, at the initiative of the plant, the diesel locomotive fleet was re-engineered with the replacement of physically and morally obsolete engines with more economical and reliable D49 engines, extending the service life of diesel locomotives by 15-20 years.

As part of the implementation of the Comprehensive Program for the Modernization and Renovation of Traction and Rolling Stock of Russian Railways, the enterprise supplies locomotives and diesel engines to the country's railways. The main customer of OAO Kolomensky Zavod is traditionally OAO Russian Railways, supplies to which amount to about 50-60% of sales volumes. Over the past few years, the enterprise has mastered the production of new locomotives, including passenger diesel locomotives TEP70U and TEP70BS, Russia's first mainline freight diesel locomotive 2TE70, and the first domestic passenger DC electric locomotive EP2K.

Since 2005, the plant has been part of CJSC Transmashholding. Serial medium-speed engines of type D49 (CHN26/26) are produced in V-shaped design (8, 12 and 16 cylinders), cover the power range from 588 to 4412 kW and type D42 (CHNZO/38) (in-line, 4-stroke, 6 -, 8-cylinder version) from 1000 to 2200 kW, designed for the navy. The engines are based on a modular design, which allows them to be adapted to a specific purpose. In total, more than 37,000 diesel engines of various modifications were built at the Kolomna Plant.

Simultaneously with the release of serial products, work continues on the creation of new and improvement of promising modifications of diesel engines. Work is underway to create a new D500K diesel engine, which should become the basis of a new standard and size range of general-purpose engines.

JSC "Kolomensky Zavod" has been participating in the implementation of the Federal Target Program "National Technological Base" since 2011

The industrialization of the country began with the advent of railway communication. And the first domestic steam locomotives were assembled in the locomotive building plant named after. V. V. Kuibyshev - one of oldest enterprises Russia. The history of the company has more than 150 years, and during this time the main direction of production has not changed.

History of creation

Kolomna Diesel Locomotive Plant named after V.I. began its history with the construction of bridges. By 1862, the laying of the railway communication Moscow - Saratov was suspended, the reason for this was the need to build a bridge across the Oka River. Amand Egorovich, an engineer and head of the construction of the Struve branch, was called to help. Previously, he had already built a bridge for the Moscow-Kazan section of the road. Having taken a contract for the construction of an iron bridge, in order to ensure production processes in 1863, he rented a land plot from the peasants of the village of Bobrovo. A small production was organized on the site. foundry produced up to 300 pounds of casting per day, a forge, a machine shop and sheds for assembling bridge trusses and wooden parts of the bridge were immediately equipped.

With the initial task of building a bridge across the Oka, Struve successfully coped. After that, he received orders for the construction of many bridge structures. So, they built all the bridges along the lines Kolomna - Voronezh, Serpukhov - Kursk - Kyiv. The bridge across the Dnieper near the Ukrainian capital became the most famous building in Struve. At that time, the bridge was the longest in Europe and exceeded the length of 1 kilometer. There were more than enough orders, so Moscow bridges were built - Borodinsky, Moskvoretsky, Krasnokholmsky and others. Petersburg built in 1879 is still in service and impresses with its beauty and grace. The Palace Bridge in St. Petersburg, built in 1915, is considered the last bridge of the Kolomna Plant.

New tasks for the factory

In 1865, Struve decided to master one more specialty - it was overdue pressing need in railway transport Russian-made, the purchase of foreign cars and wagons was very expensive. The factory for the production of bridges was reoriented to the production of commodity platforms, wagons, circles for turning railway transport. Additionally, equipment for water supply on the railway was produced - tanks for water towers, collapsible columns. The plans included the organization of the production of steam locomotives. So, on the basis of the bridge-building factory, the Kolomna Plant appeared ( locomotive building).

Companions were supposed to ensure the implementation of the main potential direction of steam locomotive building. Amand Struve invited his brother Gustav as director, who had the experience and fame of a specialist in the construction of military facilities and had an appropriate engineering education. Financial support for the project was provided by another member of the team - the merchant of the first guild A. I. Lessing, whose main trump card was extensive connections on the stock exchanges and in the banking system. The factory received a new name - "Mechanical and Foundry Plant of Struve Engineers". The administrative staff consisted of foreign specialists. The first steam locomotive was assembled according to French drawings and saw the light in 1869.

Until the revolution of 1917, the Comenius plant ( locomotive building) was a leading enterprise in the construction and development of new types of locomotives (139 new projects). Since 1987, the plant has been building river boats, the first of which was the Kulebaki steamship.

During the formation of Soviet power, the Kolomna Plant ( locomotive building) produced a limited volume of products in the main areas - trams, steam locomotives, wagons. Since 1932, the enterprise has launched the first serial production of diesel locomotives of the E series and electric locomotives with the marking VL19. This product was a joint production with the Dynamo plant. In 1934, the enterprise mastered the production of submarines of the "Pike" type, which in 1937 were redirected by towing to the Nizhny Novgorod plant "Krasnoye Sormovo".

In the future, before the start of World War II, the Kolomna Plant ( locomotive building) increased the pace of production, produced tubing for the subway, diesel engines, steam locomotives, electric locomotives and much more.

The period of hostilities made significant adjustments to the work of the enterprise. Production facilities were focused on helping the front. Tanks were repaired in the workshops, armored trains were built, and ammunition was produced. The main production resumed from 1943. The 10,000th anniversary steam locomotive left the plant in the autumn of 1953.

Since 1956, the Kolomna Diesel Locomotive Plant named after Kuibyshev has been producing diesel engines for power plants, diesel locomotives, ships and submarines. Serial diesel locomotives produced at the enterprise successfully operate on Ukrainian, Belarusian, Kazakh railways. The plant produced the world's fastest diesel locomotives TEP80, unique passenger electric locomotives EP200 and many other products.

To date, the Kolomna Plant ( locomotive building) is part of the Transmashholding holding.

Production structure

The production complex consists of 28 shops, where the main facilities are located, and 15 auxiliary productions. The whole structure of the plant is closed for a full production cycle, the enterprise occupies an area of ​​about 124 hectares.

Main productions:

• Mechanical assembly.
• Assembly and welding.
• Metallurgical.
• Design and technological shop.

To ensure the activities and development of new technology, the enterprise has design and technological and experimental research services. There is also a design bureau with extensive experience, which allows the plant not to involve third-party institutions to organize research, design, testing and production of prototypes new products which the Kolomna Diesel Locomotive Plant is proud of.

Products

Kolomna Diesel Locomotive Plant produces:

• Diesel engines (design, manufacture, maintenance). Designed for ships, power plants, etc.
• Diesel locomotives (passenger - freight - 2TE70).
• Electric locomotives (main direct current EP2K).
• Diesel generator sets for nuclear power plants (medium-speed engines, type - D49 (ChN26/26)).
• Marine diesel units.
• Power stations and autonomous electric units.
• Spare parts for all products manufactured by the company.

Traditions

Machine Builder's Day is a holiday when guests are invited and doors open for everyone to look at the production facilities that are part of such an enterprise as the Kolomna Diesel Locomotive Plant. took place on 29 September. The program of the holiday included a skill contest, in which young workers took part, the winners received certificates and valuable gifts.

Visitors to the plant had the opportunity to go to the workshops where production processes. The administration invited inquisitive sightseers to get acquainted with the history of the plant in the museum, where models of steam locomotives and diesel locomotives are exhibited, to learn more about the founders of the enterprise and its best employees. On the territory of the plant, everyone could climb inside the locomotive and feel like a driver.

Museum

One of the oldest enterprises in Russia and the Moscow region is the Kolomna Diesel Locomotive Plant. The museum created at the enterprise has been operating since 1923. The first exposition showed historical documents, a collection of photographs and reports on achievements. He worked for a short time, the second time the opening took place in 1963. The event was timed to coincide with the anniversary of the plant, which turned 100 years old.

The modern exposition consists of models of products manufactured in different years, which include diesel locomotives, motor ships, tractors, power plants and much more. Documents and photographs reflecting the history of the plant's development are shown on the stands in a historical perspective. A visit to the museum requires prior arrangement and registration.