The production factor whose impact on the employee can. Industrial (working) environment, its dangers and harmfulness. Occupational disease disease caused by a number of occupational factors

Which is carried out in a space called the production environment.

In the production environment, objectively add up, negatively affecting a person in the process of his life

Harmful production factor- a production factor, the impact of which on an employee can lead to his illness (unfavorable microclimate, elevated level, poor lighting, unfavorable aeroionic composition of the air).

Hazardous production factor- a production factor, the impact of which on an employee can lead to his injury (height, fire, electric current, moving objects, explosion).

Harmful and dangerous factors are divided into physical, chemical, biological and psychophysiological.

Physical factors- moving machines and mechanisms, increased levels of noise and vibration, electromagnetic and ionizing radiation, insufficient illumination, increased level static electricity, increased voltage in the electrical circuit, etc.

Chemical Factors- substances and compounds that are different in their state of aggregation and have toxic, irritant, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on the human body and affect it reproductive function.

Biological factors- pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, spirochetes) and their metabolic products, as well as animals and plants.

Psychophysiological factors— factors labor process. These include physical (static and dynamic overloads) and neuropsychic overloads (mental overstrain, overstrain of analyzers, monotony of work, emotional overloads).

Harmful production factors can lead to a decrease in working capacity and occupational diseases, dangerous factors - to industrial injuries and industrial accidents.

Ensuring labor protection— the basis of highly productive and creative activity of employees of enterprises various forms property. The problems of labor protection are versatile and multifaceted, affecting many aspects of life and work labor collectives, organization of production and labor, organization of production management, etc.

In order to ensure compliance with labor protection requirements, to monitor their implementation, each employer carrying out production activities, the number of employees of which exceeds 50 people, creates a labor protection service or introduces the position of a labor protection specialist with appropriate training or experience in this field.

The employer, the number of employees of which does not exceed 50 people, decides to create a labor protection service or introduce the position of a labor protection specialist, taking into account the specifics of his production activities.

If the employer does not have a labor protection service, a full-time labor protection specialist, their functions are carried out by the employer - individual entrepreneur(personally), the head of the organization, another employee authorized by the employer, or an organization or specialist providing services in the field of labor protection, attracted by the employer under a civil law contract. Organizations providing services in the field of labor protection are subject to mandatory accreditation. The list of services for the provision of which accreditation is required, and the rules for accreditation are established by the federal body executive power executing the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the sphere of labor.

The structure of the labor protection service in the organization and the number of employees of the labor protection service are determined by the employer, taking into account the recommendations of the federal executive body that performs the functions of legal regulation in the field of labor.

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health— a system for preserving the life and health of workers in the process labor activity, which includes legal, socio-economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, rehabilitation and other measures.

Legal measures- consist in the creation of a system of legal norms that establish standards for safe and healthy working conditions and legal means to ensure their observance, i.e. protected by the state under pain of sanctions. This system of legal norms is based on and includes: federal laws, laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation, by-laws of the executive authorities of the Russian Federation and subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as local regulations adopted at specific enterprises and organizations.

Socio-economic activities include: measures of state incentives for employers to improve the level of labor protection; the establishment of compensations and benefits for the performance of hard work, as well as for work in harmful and dangerous working conditions; protection of certain, least socially protected categories of workers; obligatory social insurance and payment of compensation in the event of occupational diseases and industrial injuries etc.

Organizational and technical measures consist in the organization of labor protection services and commissions at enterprises and organizations in order to plan work on labor protection, as well as to ensure control over compliance with labor protection rules; organizing training for managers and staff; informing employees about the presence (absence) of harmful and dangerous factors; certification of workplaces, as well as in order to eliminate or reduce the degree of impact negative factors carrying out activities for the introduction of new safe technologies, the use of safe machines, mechanisms and materials; improving labor discipline and technological discipline, etc.

Sanitary and hygienic measures consist in carrying out work aimed at reducing industrial hazards in order to prevent occupational diseases.

Therapeutic and preventive measures include the organization of primary and periodic medical examinations, organization of therapeutic and preventive nutrition, etc.

Rehabilitation activities imply the obligation of the administration (employer) to transfer the employee to a more light work in accordance with medical indications, etc.

Purpose of labor protection- to minimize the probability of injury or illness of working personnel while maximizing labor productivity.

Working conditions- a set of factors of the working environment and the labor process that affect the performance and health of a person.

Safe working conditions- working conditions under which the impact on workers of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors is excluded or the levels of their impact do not exceed the established standards.

Orientation legal regulation labor protection is defined by Art. 37 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which establishes that everyone has the right to work in conditions that meet the requirements of safety and hygiene.

In order to improve legislative framework on labor protection On December 30, 2001, the Labor Code was adopted Russian Federation(as amended June 30, 2006).

According to Art. 212, dedicated to the obligations of the employer to ensure safe conditions and labor protection, the employer is obliged to ensure:

• corresponding to the requirements of labor protection;
• training in safe methods and techniques for performing work on labor protection, briefing on labor protection;
• certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions, followed by certification of the organization of work on labor protection;
• informing employees about the conditions and labor protection at the workplace, about the risk of damage to health and the compensation and funds due to them personal protection;
• investigation and recording of accidents at work and occupational diseases;
• compulsory social insurance of workers against industrial accidents and occupational diseases;
• familiarization of employees with the requirements of labor protection, etc.

C indicates the rights of the employee to work in conditions that meet the requirements of labor protection (Article 219), as well as the obligations of the employee in the field of labor protection (Article 214).

In case of violation of labor protection Labor Code responsibility is provided: disciplinary (remark, reprimand, dismissal); administrative (fine from 5 to 50 minimum wages, for a repeated violation, disqualification through the court); criminal (fine from 200 to 500 minimum wages, or corrective labor up to 2 years, or imprisonment for two years, in case of death of an employee, imprisonment up to 5 years).

In accordance with the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and social development of Russia “On the certification of workplaces for working conditions” dated March 14, 1997 No. 12, all enterprises, regardless of their form of ownership, are required to certify workplaces for working conditions.

Currently, public policy and legal regulation in the field of conditions and labor protection is carried out by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation. A program for attestation of workplaces in terms of working conditions for 2005-2008 has been developed, which is designed to assess the working conditions of each employee and take timely measures to eliminate the identified inconsistencies with the requirements of the regulatory legal framework on labor protection.

Certification of workplaces according to working conditions— assessment of working conditions at workplaces in order to identify harmful and (or) dangerous production factors and take measures to bring working conditions in line with state regulatory requirements for labor protection.

All workplaces available in the organization are subject to certification in terms of working conditions, certification is carried out at least once every 5 years. Jobs after replacement are subject to mandatory recertification production equipment, changes in the technological process, as well as at the request of the certification bodies of the working conditions of the Russian Federation, which revealed violations during the certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions.

Based on the results of the certification, an action plan is developed to improve and improve working conditions in the organization. After the certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions, it is planned to carry out certification of work on labor protection with the issuance of a safety certificate (SSOT) for five years, which is carried out in accordance with the decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia “On the creation of a system for certification of work on labor protection in organizations” dated April 24, 2002 G.

Certificate of conformity of the organization of work on labor protection- a document certifying the compliance of the work carried out by the employer on labor protection with state regulatory requirements for labor protection.

The results of attestation of workplaces and certification of work on labor protection directly affect the protection of the employee's rights to safe working conditions and compensation for work in harmful and difficult working conditions. In Art. 146 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it is established that workers employed in hard work, work with harmful, dangerous and other special conditions labor is produced at an increased rate. The mechanism for establishing discounts and premiums to insurance rates for compulsory social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases is also directly dependent on the certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions. A prerequisite calculation of the amount of the discount to the insurance rate is the certification by the employer for working conditions of at least 30% of jobs.

Work in chemical plants is also dangerous for people, because it can develop various ailments. Medical examinations can reveal a decrease in working capacity, hearing impairment. The constant presence of a person at the source of adverse effects leads to an occupational disease. Most often, accidents occur due to physical factors, as well as from electric current. Electrical safety Hazardous production factor is characterized by the following concept - electrical safety. Electric current is a hidden danger because it is difficult to detect in various parts of the equipment. The most dangerous is considered to be above 0.05A, and the safest is up to 0.05A. To prevent damage, work with current should be performed only by a specialist. Based on the rules in back office the electrical wiring must be constantly monitored.

Occupational Safety and Health. harmful and dangerous production factors. part v

Labor protection - basic concepts and explanations

• PART III. PART THREE

• Section X. LABOR SAFETY
  • Chapter 33

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Occupational safety is a system for preserving the life and health of workers in the course of their work, including legal, socio-economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, rehabilitation and other measures. Important Working conditions - a set of factors of the working environment and the labor process that affect the performance and health of the employee.
Harmful production factor - a production factor, the impact of which on an employee can lead to his illness.

The production factor of labor. harmful and dangerous production factors

State management of labor protection in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out by federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of labor protection within their powers. - a system for preserving the life and health of workers in the course of labor activity, including legal, socio-economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, rehabilitation and other measures. Working conditions - a combination of factors of the working environment and the labor process that have impact on worker performance and health.

A production factor whose impact can lead to a disease

The production factor that can lead to injury "dangerous and harmful are divided by the nature of the action into the following groups: Obviously, harmful and dangerous radiation by the nature of the action belong to the group -" A hazardous production factor (HPF) is such a production factor, the impact of which on a worker in certain conditions leads to injury or other sudden, severe deterioration in health. The production factor, the impact of which on an employee can lead to his illness, is biological (pathogenic microorganisms); neuro-emotional (intellectual and emotional stress, shift work, often with a lack of time and in extreme situations); ergonomic (work in a forced position and when operating ergonomically inadequate equipment).

3.

Medical examinations.

Physiological factors This group includes:

• working machines, mechanisms, equipment;
• accumulation a large number dust and gases;
• high or low temperature equipment;
• pressure drops in the working part of the equipment;
• high or low humidity levels;
• air ionization;
• ionizing radiation;
• high voltage in the mains;
• increase in static electricity.

Other types of factors The chemical production factor is toxic, irritating, carcinogenic, mutagenic. They have an effect on reproductive function. The biological production factor is presented in the form of microorganisms and their metabolic products.
There are also psychological factors. It can be physical and neuropsychic overload.

Production factor, the impact of which on an employee can lead to his illness

Psychophysiological factors of the labor process - the severity of the labor process - the main effect on the musculoskeletal system. labor intensity is the main effect on the central nervous system. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation defines: a hazardous production factor is a production factor, the impact of which on an employee can lead to his injury or death.
Hazardous production factors are: · moving rolling stock; Rotating parts of machines and mechanisms; lifting and moving loads; objects falling from a height · electricity; Sharp edges of objects Insufficient lighting in the workplace dark time days; (should be at least 20 lux).

The production factor, the impact of which on an employee can lead to his injury is called

Acquisition, storage, washing, cleaning, repair, disinfection and neutralization of personal protective equipment for employees is carried out at the expense of the employer. Occupational safety Occupational safety requirements - state regulatory requirements for labor protection, including labor safety standards, as well as labor protection requirements established by rules and instructions for labor protection.

Life safety (bzhd): tutorial Attention If the authorized representative does not participate in the investigation, the employer or his authorized representative or the chairman of the commission is obliged, at the request of the authorized representative, to familiarize him with the materials of the investigation. In case of acute poisoning or radiation exposure exceeding established norms, the commission also includes a representative of the sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation.

A production factor whose impact on an employee can lead to illness

Important

In pursuit of big money, people try to ignore the risk, in the end it can kill. Download documents

Harmful production factors are unfavorable factors of the labor process or conditions environment which may have a detrimental effect on human health and performance. Prolonged exposure to a harmful production factor leads to disease.

In accordance with the standard "GOST 12.1.0.003-74 SSBT.

Korea Morea

Ensuring labor protection is the basis of highly productive and creative activity of employees of enterprises of various forms of ownership.

Sanitary and hygienic measures consist in carrying out work aimed at reducing hazards in order to prevent occupational diseases. Therapeutic and preventive measures include the organization of primary and periodic medical examinations, the organization of therapeutic and preventive nutrition, etc.

The direction of the legal regulation of labor protection is defined by Art.

Occupational disease disease caused by a number of occupational factors

Occupational disease a disease caused nearby professional factors Occupational Illness - separate view diseases that can be caused by the action of unfavorable professional, as well as diseases in the development of which a connection was established between the influence of a factor of an industrial and professional nature. Occupational diseases are noted in the lists that were approved by the USSR Ministry of Health, this is the main document, the use of which allows you to establish a diagnosis of an occupational disease in relation to a specific job or profession.

A production factor that can lead to injury At enterprises during the operation of equipment and the performance technological processes workers may be in hazardous areas. Hazardous production is such a factor, the impact of which on an employee under certain conditions leads to injury or a sharp deterioration in health. factors (moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts of equipment, etc.)

A special case of occupational disease is poisoning.

Production factor For the convenience of studying the material, the article is divided into topics: - thermal: temperature (high, low), humidity, air velocity, thermal radiation; — electromagnetic fields and radiation; - industrial noise, ultrasound, infrasound; - lighting - natural (absence or insufficiency), artificial (insufficient illumination, direct and reflected glare, pulsation of illumination)

Hazardous and harmful production A hazardous factor (HPF) is such a production factor, the impact of which on a worker under certain conditions leads to injury or to another sudden sharp deterioration in health.

Injury is damage to the tissues of the body and a violation of its functions by external influences.

an injury is the result of an accident at work, which is understood as cases of the impact of the OPF on the worker when he performs job duties or assignments of the supervisor.

The production factor, the impact of which on an employee can lead to an occupational disease is called

/ 2 course / BC / Production factors 2. Medical workers in their activities are exposed to a complex of various adverse factors, in particular physical (ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, ultrasound, laser radiation, noise, vibration, etc.); chemical (highly active drugs, chemicals and disinfectants); biological (pathogenic microorganisms); neuro-emotional (intellectual and emotional stress, shift work, often with a lack of time and in extreme situations); ergonomic (work in a forced position and when operating ergonomically inadequate equipment).

Definition of the terms "hazardous production factor", "harmful production factor", "safe working conditions"

. Harmful production (HPF) is such a production factor, the impact of which on a worker under certain conditions leads to illness or reduced ability to work.

Diseases that occur under the influence of harmful factors are called occupational diseases.

New edition Art. 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation

Occupational safety is a system for preserving the life and health of workers in the course of their work, including legal, socio-economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, rehabilitation and other measures.

Harmful production factor - a production factor, the impact of which on an employee can lead to his illness.

A hazardous production factor is a production factor, the impact of which on an employee can lead to his injury.

Safe working conditions - working conditions under which the impact on workers of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors is excluded or the levels of their impact do not exceed the established standards.

Workplace - the place where the employee must be or where he needs to arrive in connection with his work and which is directly or indirectly under the control of the employer.

Means of individual and collective defense workers - technical means used to prevent or reduce exposure of workers to harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, as well as to protect against pollution.

The labor protection management system is a complex of interrelated and interacting elements that establish the policy and goals in the field of labor protection for a particular employer and procedures for achieving these goals. The model regulation on the labor protection management system is approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of labor, taking into account the opinion of the Russian tripartite commission for the regulation of social and labor relations.

Production activity - a set of actions of workers using the means of labor necessary to turn resources into finished products including production and processing various kinds raw materials, construction, provision of various types of services.

Labor protection requirements - state regulatory requirements for labor protection, including labor safety standards, as well as labor protection requirements established by the rules and instructions for labor protection.

Occupational safety standards - rules, procedures, criteria and standards aimed at preserving the life and health of workers in the course of work and regulating the implementation of socio-economic, organizational, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, rehabilitation measures in the field of labor protection.

Occupational risk - the likelihood of harm to health as a result of exposure to harmful and (or) hazardous production factors in the performance of duties by an employee employment contract or in other cases established by this Code, other federal laws. The procedure for assessing the level of occupational risk is established by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the sphere of labor, taking into account the opinion of the Russian tripartite commission for the regulation of social and labor relations.

Control professional risks- a set of interrelated measures that are elements of the labor protection management system and include measures to identify, assess and reduce the levels of occupational risks.

Commentary on Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation

Section X "Labor protection" is devoted to labor protection. The basic concepts of labor protection are given in the commented article.

According to Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to carry out sanitary, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, rehabilitation and other measures in accordance with the requirements of labor protection.

Working conditions - a set of factors of the working environment and the labor process that affect the performance and health of the employee.

Working conditions are classified as follows: normal, difficult, harmful, dangerous and other special (for example, underground). On my own in labor law they also distinguish working conditions that deviate from normal (Article 149 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). These are jobs of various qualifications, combination of professions, work outside the normal working hours, at night, weekends and non-working hours. holidays etc.

To normal conditions labor refers to the production environment (mode of production), in which there are:

Serviceable condition of premises, structures, machines, technological equipment, equipment, etc. means (including tools) of labor;

Timely provision of the employee with technical and other documentation necessary for work, etc.;

Timely provision of proper quality with materials, tools, other means and items necessary for the performance of work, their timely provision to the employee;

Taking measures by the employer to ensure labor protection and production safety.

Further in the commented article, the concept of harmful and dangerous production factors is given. Harmful is the factor that affects the worker and can lead to his illness. A hazardous production factor can lead to his injury.

Hence the definition of safe working conditions. Such work is considered to be such work in which the impact on employees of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors is excluded or the level of exposure does not exceed the established standards.

The workplace is the place where the employee must be or where he needs to arrive in connection with his work and which is directly or indirectly under the control of the employer. Please note that the workplace in this case is understood not only workplace, assigned to the employee, but also the one on which he is obliged to be by virtue of the instructions of the head.

Let's say at shift method the place of work are objects (sites) where direct labor activity is carried out (see clause 1.1 of the Basic Provisions on the rotational method of organizing work, approved by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Labor, the Secretariat of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and the USSR Ministry of Health of December 31, 1987 N 794 / 33-82 ).

The next definition given by the commented article is the means of individual and collective protection of workers - technical means used to prevent or reduce the impact on workers of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, as well as to protect against pollution. Let's say it's workwear. It is issued to employees engaged in work with harmful and (or) hazardous conditions work, as well as in work performed in special temperature conditions or associated with pollution.

Certificate of conformity of the organization of work on labor protection - a document certifying the compliance of the work carried out by the employer on labor protection with state regulatory requirements for labor protection. The form of such a certificate is given in Appendix No. 5 to the Rules for the certification of work on labor protection, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia of April 24, 2002 No. 28.

Under production activities is understood as a set of actions of people (workers) with the use of tools (means) of labor necessary to turn resources into finished products, including the production and processing of various types of raw materials, construction, and the provision of various types of services. In a broader sense, "activities" refers to the performance of any action aimed at acquiring and exercising the rights, as well as fulfilling the obligations of the organization.

The following definitions were introduced into the Labor Code by Federal Law No. 90-FZ of June 30, 2006.

Occupational safety requirements are requirements that are established by state regulations and internal rules and instructions for labor protection.

State examination of working conditions - assessment of the compliance of the object of examination with state regulatory requirements for labor protection.

Certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions - assessment of working conditions at workplaces in order to identify harmful and (or) dangerous production factors and take measures to bring working conditions in line with state regulatory requirements for labor protection. Certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions is carried out in the manner established by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia. However, while this department new order not approved, one should be guided by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated March 14, 1997 N 12 "On the certification of workplaces for working conditions."

Another commentary on Art. 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation

1. Institute of labor protection is one of the fundamental institutions labor law. The functional orientation of labor protection standards is to ensure safe working conditions.

2. The norms related to labor protection are contained not only in sec. X TC, but also in Ch. 41 and 42, devoted to the peculiarities of the regulation of the labor of women, persons with family responsibilities and minors. Labor protection rules are also included in the sections on the employment contract, working time, rest time. In this way, Special attention the legislator gives to workers with reduced ability to work or working in conditions that deviate from normal.

In addition to the basic concepts given in Art. 209 of the Labor Code, other terms and definitions are also used in labor protection regulations, mainly related to working conditions and certification of workplaces ().

Security - the absence of unacceptable risk associated with the possibility of causing damage (GOST R 1.0-92).

Occupational safety - the state of working conditions, in which the impact on workers of dangerous and harmful production factors is excluded (GOST 12.0.002-80).

Harmful working conditions - working conditions characterized by the presence of harmful production factors that exceed hygienic standards and have an adverse effect on the body of the worker and (or) his offspring.

Occupational hygiene is a system for ensuring the health of workers in the course of their work, including legal, socio-economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, rehabilitation and other measures.

Hygienic standards of working conditions - the levels of harmful production factors during daily (except weekends) work, but not more than 40 hours a week during the entire length of service, should not cause diseases or deviations in the state of health detected modern methods research in the process of work or in certain periods of life of the present and subsequent generations. Compliance with hygienic standards of working conditions does not exclude health problems in hypersensitive people.

Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, severity and intensity of the labor process were approved by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia on July 12, 1994.

Permissible working conditions - working conditions characterized by such levels of environmental factors and the labor process that do not exceed the levels established by hygienic standards for workplaces, and possible changes in the functional state of the body are restored during regulated rest or by the beginning of the next shift and should not have an adverse effect in the near and long term on the health of workers and their offspring.

Dangerous (extreme) working conditions - working conditions characterized by such levels of production factors, the impact of which during the work shift (or part of it) poses a threat to life, a high risk of severe forms of acute occupational injuries.

Optimal working conditions are such conditions under which not only the health of workers is preserved, but also prerequisites are created for maintaining a high level of efficiency.

Permanent workplace - a place where the employee is most of his working time (more than 50% or more than 2 hours continuously). If at the same time work is carried out in various points of the working area, the entire working area is considered a permanent workplace (GOST 12.1.005-88).

Working area - a space limited by a height of 2 m above the floor or platform, on which there are places of permanent or non-permanent (temporary) stay of workers (GOST 12.1.005-88).

Injury safety - compliance of the state of workplaces with labor safety requirements, excluding injury to workers under the conditions established by regulatory legal acts on labor protection.

Heavy work - work that reflects the predominant load on the musculoskeletal system and functional systems organism, the implementation of which is associated with the involvement of more than 2/3 of the human muscle mass.