Low temperature gear lubricant. We choose grease for low and extremely low temperatures. Packing of greases

Bearings are widely used in modern machines and units, in transport and electrical equipment, operating both at very low and at high temperatures. Their service life and lubrication regime directly determine the continuity and durability of an individual mechanism and the entire aggregate complex as a whole. Accordingly, high-quality and correctly selected bearing grease is the best solution to the issue of equipment maintenance and the ability to increase the profitability of production or transportation.

Features of bearing operation at low temperatures

The key purpose of bearings is to provide stable and uniform rotation. The use of low-grade or unsuitable lubricants for the specified operating temperature conditions for rolling and plain bearings can:

• provoke the locking of rotating elements;
• affect the observance of technology and the quality of the final product;
• cause premature failure of equipment and individual components;
• increase downtime and operating costs and production maintenance costs.

Considering that at low temperatures it is economically and technologically important to ensure the maximum relubrication interval, bearing greases capable of ensuring their stable operation at temperatures down to -50°C and below should not only have a high antifriction ability and a long service life, but also and improved anti-corrosion, anti-oxidation and extreme pressure properties, as well as high mechanical and colloidal stability.

The choice of lubricants for bearings is influenced not only by the minimum allowable operating temperature. Design features friction unit and technical and operational conditions, such as speed, power, torque, static and dynamic loads also regulate them physiochemical properties. Therefore, each bearing grease is carefully selected for specific operating conditions.

Features of the composition of low-temperature greases for bearings

To provide the most efficient work bearing range low temperatures and in conditions of medium and high speeds, it is advisable to use grease lubricants. This is due to the fact that they are well resistant to extrusion and centrifugal forces, are resistant to increased loads and vibrations, work at low temperatures, while some lubricants can be used in centralized systems.

Modern greases for bearings materials of a wide temperature range. They are based on low viscosity petroleum distillate oils (mineral oil) with low operating temperature and frost resistant synthetic oils. Polyethylsiloxanes and polymethylsiloxanes are also used as a dispersed medium, ensuring the performance of lubricants at temperatures in the range of -60 ÷ +200˚С. Polyhalogenorganosiloxanes and polymethylphenylsiloscanes, which have improved anti-seize and anti-wear characteristics, are used for the manufacture of lubricants in a wider temperature range - from -60 to 300 ˚С.

Lubricants based on esters can be used in the range of -60 ÷ +150˚С. They have excellent lubricity and adhesion to metal surfaces, but are characterized by low water resistance.

For thickening into the composition greases can add ordinary and complex soaps, solid hydrocarbons and various additive complexes. The most widespread today are lubricants in accordance with the type of thickener, classified into large groups:

• with the addition of lithium soap, capable of ensuring the operation of the bearing at temperatures from -50 to +130 ˚С;
• polymers that have a drop point above +300°C and are most effective for very high rotational speeds.
• lubricants based on organic thickeners are inherent in such important qualities both mechanical stability and good anti-friction properties.

The addition of additives optimizes and significantly improves performance and properties low temperature lubricants allows them to withstand high loads. The most widely used are anti-friction, anti-seize, anti-wear, adhesive, protective, anti-corrosion and antioxidant additives, as well as additives with multifunctional properties.

Parameters by which low-temperature grease is selected

The use of multi-purpose lubricants or the first frost-resistant lubricant that comes across is not always justified and in most cases is simply unacceptable. Lubricants for bearings should be chosen with an objective margin for the temperature range (especially important for railway rolling stock and special vehicles) and for:

• bearing type and speed factor;
• type of thickener and channeling;
• the protective properties of the lubricant are important - it must protect against corrosion;
• NLGI grade and base oil viscosity.

Low-temperature frost-resistant greases of the Polyus and IPF series from Interauto Lubricating Company

The company's line includes a number of materials for low and cryogenic temperatures, for example, consider the universal lubricant "Pole", which can be used for bearings and other highly loaded friction units, can be produced in a modified state - with the addition of molybdenum disulfide. She is:

• designed for heavy and extreme conditions;
• guarantees an ultra-high lubrication interval;
• characterized by increased performance indicators;
• has high chemical stability;
• can be used instead of traditional lubricants for low temperatures TsIATIM-203 and Zimol - the service life exceeds these lubricants by 4-5 times.

"Pole" is an effective protection against corrosion. The original additive package gives it excellent antioxidant and extreme pressure properties.

Our experience, intellectual and production potential allows us to develop and manufacture frost-resistant lubricants with various performance properties, including lubricants with food tolerance and designed to work in vacuum.

For use in bearings operating at low temperatures, specialized lubricants are produced compared to lubricants operating at normal temperatures, they have a lower viscosity and a special component composition, including an additive package, by the way, this combines frost-resistant lubricants with lubricants used on high-speed bearings - their base the oil must have a sufficiently low viscosity: in the first case, so as not to freeze, in the second, to avoid self-heating (low-viscosity oil lubrication for high-speed bearings is less prone to heat than high-viscosity oils).

It should also be remembered that the higher the speed of the bearing, the less material should be placed.

Universal grease for operation of friction units in a wide temperature range - IPF-250 grease - is also used for elevated temperatures from -55 to +250 degrees - an excellent solution for conveyor lines, refrigeration trolleys and other equipment subject to different temperature effects.

Based on synthetic polyalphaolefin oil (PAOM), IPF-250 grease provides low friction and noise levels, while it is very resistant to thermal oxidation, steam and water, carefully selected viscosity of the material allows this grease to be used at temperatures down to -55C.

IPF-250 - grease ensures stable operation of equipment, is successfully used for processing bearings, instrumentation, low-power electric motors, printing equipment, withstands shock loads, a wide range of operating temperatures.

On request, we are ready to develop a lubricant for cryogenic temperatures operating at temperatures up to -90 degrees, including for small-sized electric motors with high rotation speeds. Heavy ultra-stable liquids are used as base oils, which are essential oils with unique thermostable characteristics.

Pasta "Buran" is another product of our company capable of operating in a wide temperature range. Due to the fact that it is made in synthetic oil with a pour point of -55 degrees, the paste can be used at ultra-low temperatures. The high content of molybdenum disulphide results in an excellent load-bearing capacity and the lubricant can also be used in loaded friction units. When it is supplied by centralized systems, the effect of solid particles on the precision parts of the supply system should be taken into account.

Production of low temperature lubricants based on phosphorus and organofluorine compounds allows us to offer our partners unique products operable at temperatures down to minus 100 degrees, resistant to oxidation, to the effects of friction forces, including centrifugal friction at ultra-high speeds. The use of unique additive packages increases the service life of small-sized micro-assembly rolling bearings and, accordingly, the service life of instruments and mechanisms in especially critical units and equipment. To date, the Interauto company produces a wide range of frost-resistant lubricants operating in a wide range of temperatures, including at high speeds - such materials are in demand in domestic civil and military industry for laying in cryogenic equipment, devices exposed to low temperatures and requiring a minimum start-up torque. We are ready to produce low-temperature lubricants for a specific technical task any customer.

Bearings provide movement in mechanisms. With their help, the elements of the system slide. For a long and high-quality functioning of the parts, they must be properly cared for. Lubrication for bearings is one of the main elements that ensure their movement. How to choose the right sliding substance should be studied before servicing the elements of the mechanism.

Bearing lubrication functions

Lubrication is used for a specific purpose. The main functions of the substance can be called the following:

• reduction of friction between the constituent parts of the part;
• an increase in the sliding of surfaces as a result of their deformations when a load occurs;
• forming a layer, grease for bearings reduces the impact of parts of the part during operation, prolonging their durability;
• allows you to evenly distribute the heat generated by the friction of the constituent elements against each other;
• performs the function of a coolant at elevated operating temperatures;
• corrosion protection;
• Prevents dust and dirt from getting inside the part.

In order for grease for bicycle, automotive bearings, as well as in electric motors and other systems to perform all of the listed functions, it is necessary to take into account the conditions for using the part.

Temperature regime

At low temperatures, high-temperature bearing grease crystallizes and thickens. A substance not designed for operation with high heating will coke and dry out.

Therefore, when using an agent for a motor, such as an electric motor, it is necessary to use paste-like agents. They will ensure the normal operation of the system at temperatures from +200 to +1000 degrees. Before raising this indicator to the line of +280 degrees, high-temperature lubricants, like a paste, act as an anti-seize coating. This protects the part from jamming.

For part operation in the range from -30 to +120 degrees, the best bearing grease will have a mineral base.

At temperatures from -40 to -70 degrees, silicone products should be used to slide the elements of parts. In everyday life, they are used less frequently than the two previous options.

Temperature is far from the only factor that is taken into account when choosing a sliding agent. Which one is better to choose will tell you the speed of the part, the type of medium and the load acting on the system.

Rotation, loads and bearing environment

When the speed limit for which the lubricant is designed is reached, it will spread to the edges. Inside, the part begins to dry out.

The speed limit is set individually for a medium such as bearing grease. Which is better should be determined based on this indicator. Synthetic agents are used for high-speed mechanisms.

Negative factors affecting the sliding substance should be considered when choosing the best bearing grease. Water, dust, acid or steam will affect it.

For maintenance of equipment used under the influence of acids, solvents, preference should be given to products that are resistant to such influences.

For example, bicycle bearing grease must be resistant to a lot of moisture and dust.

The load is also taken into account when choosing a part care product. The higher it is, the more the substance is squeezed out of the contact point. Having solid substances (graphite, molybdenum) in its composition, the lubricant will ensure reliable operation of the system. There are even completely dry means of sliding.

Wheel bearing lubrication

The hub bearing is one of the integral parts of the running car. When it breaks, a knock occurs during the control of the machine.

The functions assigned to the sliding means of the presented part are as follows:

• reduction of friction of the constituent parts of the hub;
• protection against corrosion, pollution;
• create resistance to temperature increase;
• have sealing properties.

Incorrect selection and use of lubricant wheel bearings will cause equipment failure.

Lubrication of rolling bearings

The presented type of means for the operation of bearings is used for various types of equipment. Depending on the type of mechanisms, liquid oils, plastic and solid substances are used.

The lubricant used for this type of elements, in addition to the main factors, can take into account the operating conditions of the unit in conditions of increased requirements for its cleanliness, the possibility of using the mechanism in the catering department. It can ensure low noise and environmental friendliness.

To decide which lubricant to use for bearings, it should be noted that the most preferred material for this purpose is liquid oil. This substance has the best indicators of heat removal, worn particles of the part body, produced by friction. The oil has good penetrating power.

However, due to the increase in construction costs and the possibility of leakage of the substance, plastic means are more often used. They are more durable than liquid lubricants. This reduces construction costs.

Motor bearings

Lubrication for electric motor bearings keeps them clean and prevents dust, sand or dirt from entering the part.

For each type of engine, the appropriate oil is used. It should be changed periodically.

In low-speed electric motors, brand 30 (L) grease is used. For fast-moving varieties, a substance labeled 20 (#3) is suitable. For medium-speed electric motors, both types of the presented means are suitable.

Any system needs periodic topping up of oil. This should be done every 10 days. Also, the high temperature bearing grease needs to be completely replaced every 3 weeks if the equipment is used continuously.

Bicycle bearings

Don't skimp on systems products. The quality of this material directly affects the operation of the equipment.

The frequency of maintenance of bicycle bearings depends on the type of assembly design. Sleeves on closed cartridges are serviced much less frequently than on open ones.

Bulk bicycle bearing grease should be changed at least once a season or twice a year.

A hygroscopic variety of a product with a wide range of temperature fluctuations and good adhesion, of a transparent type, is best suited for this.

Complex calcium, sodium lubricants

Of the heat-resistant agents, complex calcium lubricants are the most common varieties, since they have a relatively low cost.

There are two types of them. The first type is uniol, obtained by thickening petroleum oils with kCa-soap of synthetic fatty acids. The second one is CIATIM-221. It is obtained by thickening polysiloxane liquids with kSa-soap.

The first group includes substances such as "Uniol-ZM", "Uniol-1", "Uniol-2".

VNIINP-207, 214, 219, 220 belong to the second variety of complex calcium lubricants. They contain up to 3% molybdenum disulfide.

Of the sodium thermostatic lubricants, the production of only NK-50 has been preserved. It was created before World War II.

Pigment Lubricants

Pigment substances were among the first to be used in the operation of equipment when high temperatures were reached.

One of the most famous is the blue grease for bearings VNIINP-246 (GOST 18852-73). It looks like a rather soft ointment. Its feature is a large limit of operating temperatures: from -80 to +200 degrees.

Blue bearing grease is used for lightly loaded high-speed rolling parts, in electric motors, gear mechanisms operating in conditions of wide temperature run-off or vacuum.

However, this is an expensive product. There are other, cheaper options for such substances. In the same temperature range, dark purple ointment VNIINP-235 is used. But for a full vacuum, it is not suitable. This product is used in low-speed rolling bearings, aircraft control systems.

Lithium greases

Special greases for bearings are lithium varieties. They have high water repellency.

Lithium bearing grease has one of the widest operating temperature ranges. Therefore, it is known as the most versatile slip agent.

The product is prepared on synthetic materials or their mixtures with mineral oils. Various organic and inorganic substances are used as a thickener.

With an increase in the speed of rotation of parts, the viscosity of the substance decreases.

The most famous lubricants of this type include TsIATIM-201, 202, OKB 122-7. For bearings closed view apply TsIATIM-203, VNIINP-242.

Solid lubricants

At certain conditions e.g. full vacuum, cold, high heat where even slight contamination is unacceptable constituent parts bearing oil, use solid varieties of the sliding agent.

The most famous representatives are graphite and molybdenum disulfide.

To determine which grease to use for bearings, you need to familiarize yourself with the properties of these substances.

Solid substances have high anti-friction qualities, which are based on their lamellar structure. The shift of the fraction does not require much effort, which ensures a low index of surface friction.

For these purposes, tungsten disulfide, oxides, boron nitride or fluorine compounds are also used.

Such substances are resistant to abrasion. However, to ensure long-term operation of the film of hard varieties, binders with good adhesion are used. The optimal thickness of such a film should be 5-25 microns.

Of the self-lubricating solids, cermet compositions with molybdenum disulfate are used. Also, such mixtures are made on the basis of polymers. Fluoroplasts are considered the most suitable for these purposes.

conclusions

Having considered existing species sliding basis, it should be concluded that for each type of equipment is applied special kind substances. Maintenance of the part is quite easy to carry out at home, armed with all the necessary knowledge about this process.

Bearing grease takes into account all conditions and requirements for the operation of the equipment. A properly selected and correctly operated tool will ensure a long service life of the mechanism, regardless of which system it belongs to.

It's hard to imagine life modern man without technical means, transport, production equipment. And although electronic devices are increasingly replacing mechanical ones, the latter are still indispensable. And that means we need to manage friction. How to manage? Of course, with the help of lubricants having a wide variety of properties and characteristics.

For most everyday tasks, traditional LITOL type lubricants based on mineral oils and lithium soap are quite suitable. They work well in the range from -30 to +120 ° C, are water resistant, cheap and successfully used in huge number nodes. Such lubricants are most widely used.

However, in many cases traditional lubricants cannot cope with the operating conditions. For example, in the northern Russian latitudes in winter, the thermometer often drops to temperatures of -45 ° C and below. In terms of industry, many technological processes occur at low temperatures. In the production of dumplings, the temperature is maintained at -40°C.

For such conditions, lubricants with a wider temperature range are needed. The lubricants market has a large number of materials, the characteristics of which allow them to be used at low and extremely low temperatures. Which one to choose?

Let's try to understand the example of 4 materials.

One of the most popular frost-resistant greases in Russia is CIATIM-221. A bright representative of imported frost-resistant materials is grease from Dow Corning. New Russian market- frost-resistant greases and.

Their characteristics are shown in the following table 1.

Table 1. Main properties of frost-resistant greases.

Let's analyze the data in the table

Temperature Range. At the upper end of the range, CIATIM and EFELE SG-321 are in the lead. According to the lower temperature, CIATIM, EFELE and Molykote lubricants can operate at -60 ° C.

Color. If a very specific color is indicated in Molykote and EFELE lubricants, then for CIATIM the color may vary. This suggests that manufacturing technology may change, which means that the stability and consistency of lubricant characteristics from batch to batch or depending on the manufacturer is not guaranteed.

Compound. All three lubricants are synthetic. CIATIM is based on silicone, EFELE and Molykote are based on polyalphaolefin. Both oils have a lot of advantages, however, silicone-based lubricant must be used with caution where painting is expected in the future - if there is even a thin film of silicone oil on the surface, then the paint will not lie firmly. Although data on load and antiwear properties for Russian lubricants in open sources not given, but EFELE SG-311 on PAO will withstand a higher load than CIATIM-221 on silicone, but less than Molykote EM-60L (POA plus solid lubricants in the composition).

Speed ​​Factor shown for EFELE SG-311 grease only. This means that it is possible to accurately calculate whether the lubricant will work in a bearing of a particular brand and geometric dimensions at a given rotational speed.

For example, with the same speed factor, a decrease in the diameter of a bearing by 2 times increases the possible speed of its rotation also by 2 times.

For CIATIM lubricant, the speed indicator is given very vaguely - it is not clear for what bearing sizes the possible rotation speed is given.

Price. It is clear that prices are constantly changing. But today, imported Molykote grease is incomparably more expensive than the other two. EFELE and CIATIM-221 are comparable in cost.

Thus, all three lubricants listed in this article can be recommended for operation at low and extremely low temperatures. However, given their characteristics, the completeness of the presented properties, as well as the cost, the choice becomes obvious for the Russian user.

Plastic frost-resistant lubricants EFELE SG-311 and EFELE SG-321 have an optimal price-performance balance and are able to ensure reliable operation of machinery equipment at low temperatures under heavy loads in most applications.

Heat-resistant grease is designed to protect various mechanisms during operation at high temperature values. It prevents wear of parts for a long time and is effective at temperatures of at least 150 degrees. Most of the equipment in industrial plants and enterprises does not require the use of such materials, so they are produced in limited quantities and, as a rule, by order.

Description

materials differ significantly from conventional lubricants, primarily the raw materials used. It is much more expensive and includes special additives needed to increase heat resistance and synthetic oil-based thickeners. This is due to the fact that conventional lubricants are ineffective in such conditions and are consumed too quickly.

Types

There are many varieties, among which the following are worth highlighting:

• Heat-resistant sodium grease is becoming less and less popular over time, as it is inferior in performance to modern options that can withstand a wider temperature range.
• calcium complex materials are affordable and widely available. They are made on the basis of calcium soaps derived from fatty acids, contain thickeners and disulfide, due to which they have increased adhesion and anti-friction characteristics.
• Silica gel heat resistant bearing grease is suitable for various applications. It is cheaper than synthetic counterparts due to the oil base.
• Pigment compositions are made from special thickeners and are optimally suited for bearings of electrical machines operating on high speed.
• Polymer materials have distinctive anti-friction characteristics and are made from materials such as fluoroplastic and polyurethane.
• Heat-resistant graphite grease is designed for low-speed elements and retains its previous characteristics at temperatures above 350 degrees. Distinctive features are minimal volatility, excellent extreme pressure and technical characteristics.

Today, there are more than 30 brands of heat-resistant lubricants that are constantly being improved and have replaced obsolete products.

Scope of use

Heat-resistant grease is indispensable in the ceramic, bakery, paper and energy industries, it also ensures the operation of bearings in the elements of vehicles and agricultural vehicles, tracked vehicles. It can be used in mechanisms and assemblies that are constantly exposed to moisture due to high water-resistant characteristics. Without these materials, it is impossible to imagine the operation of the locks of drying chambers, kilns, fan and pump bearings.

Due to the use of compounds, the load on the rubbing surfaces is reduced, which increases the period of operation. At the same time, the presence of special additives and viscosity characteristics ensures a minimum consumption. To maintain the same characteristics, it is undesirable to mix compositions of various types, since each of them has a specific purpose and properties.

Heat resistant grease for bearings

The material is subdivided according to the field of operation, ingredients and consistency. The structure can be solid, plastic or liquid. The last two options are colloidal compositions containing a dispersed phase and various additives. Plastic-type materials find their application in cables with a large number of strands, screw gears, hinges and various bearings. When using them, several points should be taken into account that determine the effectiveness of operation:

• Ability to mix multiple materials.
• Combination of lubricants and operating materials.
• Application conditions (rate of work, load, temperature range).

Solid high-temperature bearing grease acquires its properties after evaporation of the solvent and has a minimum value of dry friction. It consists of binders (resins), a thickener and a solvent. Also, the composition may include carbon and graphite.

Compound

Materials by composition are classified into several types:

• Inorganic lubricants are made from highly dispersed materials that are stable when exposed to any temperature. These include asbestos, graphite and silica gel materials.
• Heat-resistant soap grease contains salts of carboxylic acids and is further subdivided into complex and simple, depending on the soap used. A separate variety is the material on a mixed basis. The soap anions used determine the type of material, which may be fatty or synthetic.
• Hydrocarbon-based formulations contain thickeners in the form of synthetic and natural waxes, paraffin and ceresin.
• Heat-resistant organic lubricant is made from dispersed heat-resistant materials and can have a soot, pigment and polymer base.

Classification by purpose

There are many areas of application of the compositions, in order to simplify the choice of one or another option, they were divided into several types according to their intended purpose:

• Wire ropes provide protection against corrosion and reduce wear.
• Sealing allows you to achieve the necessary sealing on the movable and threaded connections, simplify the work with reinforcement and close the gaps.
• Preservative prevent the formation of corrosion on steel elements during storage, transportation and operation.
• Anti-friction reduce friction of adjacent elements and general wear.

The main purpose of bearings is the formation of motion in systems and mechanisms. But without proper care, it is impossible to ensure high-quality work and a long service life. High-temperature bearing grease is an indispensable material for full operation. A similar composition is designed specifically for work at high temperatures. When used in other conditions, it begins to thicken and crystallize.

How to choose

When choosing, it is necessary to take into account the loads on the mechanism, the materials used and the speed of rotation of the elements. The structure of the lubricant becomes too fluid when the set speed limit is exceeded. Because of this, it spreads around the edges, and excessive friction occurs on the parched interior of the part.

The speed limit for various mechanisms varies widely. Synthetic materials are optimally suited for units operating at high speed. Factors to be taken into account environment particularly exposure to steam, acids and dust. For work in conditions of constant influence of solvents and acids, more resistant compositions are required.

What you need to know

The functions of lubricants include not only minimizing friction between contacting structural elements and the formation of a protective layer. They prevent the ingress of pollution from the environment, the formation of corrosion, provide cooling of the structure and heat distribution. This increases the life of the equipment and reduces the degree of damage under excessive loads.

Rolling bearings

This variety is indispensable for many types of equipment. Solid, liquid and plastic heat-resistant lubricants are suitable for them, which are selected individually, depending on the functional purpose of the mechanism. Also, not only the main criteria should be taken into account, but also the possibility of application in food production and the requirements for the cleanliness of the unit. In addition to the main functions, they must be environmentally friendly and provide a minimum level of noise during operation.

Although any consistency can be used, liquid lubrication is the most preferred due to characteristics such as high frictional wear and heat dissipation. The oil structure has excellent penetrating properties, but is less economical due to the possible leakage of the composition. Plastic and synthetic heat-resistant lubricants are deprived of this disadvantage. They are more economical and in their characteristics are not inferior to oil analogues.