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Trends in the development of modern international tourism. Trends in the development of modern tourism. The main directions of development of international tourism history, socio-economic aspects

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International tourism organizations in modern conditions. The main trends in the development of international tourism. Development and active use of advanced technologies, activation of the world market of tourist services. The process of formation of the tourism industry.

In recent decades, international tourism has made a giant leap forward, becoming one of the largest and most profitable sectors of the world economy. It accounts for 7% of total investments, 5% of all tax revenue and a third of world trade in services. International tourism has a huge impact on such key sectors of the economy as transport and communications, trade, construction, Agriculture, production of consumer goods, acting as a catalyst for socio-economic development. It provides employment for more than 250 ml of people, that is, every eighth worker in the world.

With all the impressive growth of the hospitality industry, it is the qualitative shifts in tourist demand and supply that have determined the development of international tourism in recent decades. In the mid 80s. in the tourist demand of Western European countries, new trends have emerged. They were caused by a number of economic and social order, as well as changes in the psychology of modern man. Decisive influence on the structure of tourist consumption was exerted by the deterioration of the economic situation. The crisis that engulfed the industrialized countries was accompanied by a sharp drop in the purchasing power of the population.

Changes in social sphere associated with the deterioration of the economic situation, in turn, affected the nature of tourist demand. The retirement age was lowered, the vacation period was extended, the working week was shortened and flexible working hours were introduced. These measures, aimed at smoothing out the existing imbalances in the labor market, at the same time contributed to an increase in the population's free time fund and an expansion of the circle of potential consumers of tourist services.

Finally, the modern nature of tourist demand is formed under the influence of subjective factors. With the advent of new values in human psychology, profound changes take place. They are due to the following points: more free, direct self-expression and self-affirmation of the personality of its physical and spiritual data; reviewing relationships with other individuals, social groups and institutions; the formation of a different relationship with nature.

The considered factors have determined profound shifts in tourist consumption. With an increase in the amount of free time against the background of a deterioration in the general economic situation, two main trends are revealed in the recreational behavior of the population - the fragmentation of the vacation period and the growth of short trips. Early 80s. in Austria and the UK, over 20% of the population went on vacation in summer and winter, and 10% went on trips three or more times a year. A similar situation has developed in Italy, Germany and other developed countries of Europe.

Tours have become shorter, but more frequent. In Western literature, this phenomenon has been called "journey with intervals", which are in demand throughout the year with some revival in April, September-October and February, helping to solve one of the most acute problems of the tourism industry - to smooth out seasonal unevenness in the work of transport enterprises, accommodation, Catering.

Another trend is the expansion of the tourist demand of the elderly . At first glance, the tourism of people over 55 may seem like a paradox, since retirement provides a well-deserved rest. However, an in-depth study of the needs of different age groups of the population shows that such a problem not only exists, but is very acute. Unlike the employed part of the population, for whom tourism is a vacation that allows you to move away from everyday worries and restore your working capacity, for pensioners who have significant free time, a tourist trip is a form of an active lifestyle. This circumstance, in particular, explains the existence of a tourist market for older people - “tourism of the third age”.

Finally, fundamental changes are taking place in the style of recreation. Passive spending time on the beach, although still the most common form of vacation, is less and less in line with the process of growing diversification of individual requests. The "three S" of the sea-sun-beach (Sea-Sun-Sand) is gradually being replaced by the formula of "three L" national traditions-landscape-leisure (Lore-Landscape-Leisure). It best corresponds to the new values that are established in human psychology and are expressed in the behavior and thinking of the modern tourist.

The last decades in the tourism sector have been marked by a deepening of specialization, an increase in the processes of concentration of production, and the transition to new technologies. In tourism, as in other sectors of the economy, specialization has become an important principle for organizing the work of enterprises. Among the many areas of activity, the company identifies the main ones for itself, concentrating the main efforts on them. These areas of specialization correspond to certain segments of the tourism market, consisting of groups of people with distinctive characteristics: demographic, psychographic, behavioral, etc.

As specialization deepens, market segmentation becomes more and more detailed. Companies resort to a wide variety of techniques to increase the homogeneity of their sectors. In the hotel industry, hotels are increasingly focusing on specific market sectors. Some of them specialize in servicing low- and middle-income transit passengers. Many hotels are chosen as the target segment of business travelers.

Along with specialization, the modern tourism industry is characterized by an increase in the processes of concentration, centralization of production and capital. Concentration proceeds extremely unevenly in different industries, at individual enterprises, in countries. In contrast to the branches of material production, where even at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. large enterprises have gained a dominant position, in tourism this process began relatively recently, only in the 70s. However, it is going very rapidly, covering all sectors of the tourism industry. In the field of accommodation and catering, giant hotel and restaurant chains have formed; a number of tour operators stood out among travel agencies, which established control over the main markets for the tourist product, and the air transportation market was divided among the world's leading airlines.

The concentration of production in the tourism industry is carried out in two ways: internal and external. In the first case, consolidation occurs within a separate economic unit due to the capitalization of profits (internal growth). In the second case, the economic power of a monopolistic entity is concentrated as a result of cooperation (cooperation) or association (merger) of a wide range of enterprises.

The merger or merger of companies can go in three directions: horizontally, vertically and diagonally. Accordingly, there are three types of concentration (integration). Horizontal concentration occurs when merging enterprises that are at the same stage technological process that produce the same product or provide similar services. Companies can cooperate on a temporary or permanent basis, as well as create new joint ventures. An example of horizontal integration in tourism is the association of hotels into hotel chains.

There are currently over 3,000 hotel chains in North America and Europe with at least ten members each. The rating of the largest of them is regularly published by the magazine "Hotels". He distinguishes three types of hotel chains: corporate companies, hotel management companies and associations of independent hotels.

The processes of concentration proceed not only in the horizontal and vertical directions, but also diagonally. Unlike the first two, the diagonal type of integration, or diversification, involves the unification of functionally and technologically unrelated enterprises. Diversified, multi-sectoral formations have one important advantage. They create opportunities for mutual compensation of risks, when the losses of some industries are covered from the profits of others.

Currently, tourism is becoming more and more global. The formation of the global tourism market is accompanied by powerful processes of transnationalization, which find expression in the international interweaving of private capital, the strengthening of ties between the monopolies of different countries and in the wide development of transnational companies in the tourism business. Many enterprises in the hospitality industry, uniting into large economic complexes, overcome the boundaries of individual states and entail the breaking of national barriers. In a short time interval, they have become a noticeable phenomenon in international life and, like threads, have entangled the world space. These new economic formations, corresponding to a higher level of concentration and centralization of production and capital, contribute to the approval and dissemination of international standards for tourism services.

Modern tourism business cannot be imagined without the appropriate information support. The development of even the simplest tour requires a large amount of information: knowledge of schedules and tariffs for international or domestic transportation, service prices, classiness of hotel and other tourist services. Previously, the company received this data from a collection of reference materials. She collected them, kept them and used them in her work. Gradually, thick multi-page dossiers were replaced by computer information technology.

In a relatively short period of time, they have come a long way of development: from the automation of individual work operations to the creation of world-class electronic distribution systems. Due to the speed of information transfer, reliability, flexibility in use and other advantages, new technologies have significantly expanded the potential of the tourism market and ensured the coordinated work of all links in the chain of enterprises that produce a tourism product and bring it to the end consumer.

Computer systems in tourism have many varieties. They differ technical specifications, functionality, as well as the size of the network. Some of them are closed within the boundaries of a single region or country. Along with local systems, electronic information services are provided by hotel groups. Each major hotel chain has its own computerized reservation network.

Truly global coverage is provided by global computer networks of reservation, which have combined the external communication systems of airlines with a complex of computer networks of hotels, travel agencies, car rental firms, etc. They allow you to reserve packages of tourist services or their individual elements - from air travel and hotel accommodation to theater tickets and insurance policies. All existing global computer reservation systems perform the same functions and are certainly similar in this. At the same time, each of them has characteristic features that distinguish it from a number of similar networks and allow them to compete in the information services market. The most famous computer reservation and reservation systems that divide the information market among themselves are Saber; Amadeus; Worldspan and Galileo.

The growth of the international tourism market puts forward increased requirements for service providers in tourism. Hospitality industry research has shown that:

Hotels will continue to lag behind air transport and other sectors of the travel industry in terms of computerization and usage modern technologies in booking tours;

The tax burden of hotels will increase, and the share of tourism in total taxes will increase from 10.4% to 11% over the past 10 years;

Government spending on tourism promotion will increase;

The hotel industry is changing the way it calculates its profits: from revenue per room to revenue per customer;

Only 30% of all hotels in Europe belong to hotel chains;

In the hotel industry, mergers are accelerating, there is an increase in the number of franchise agreements and external investments;

It becomes profitable and profitable to be a "green" hotel, that is, to take care of security environment. It is known that most of the organizers of congress and incentive tourism, when choosing a hotel, give great importance ecology.

An important condition for attracting tourists to the region is to improve the comfort of hotels and the quality of service. To send any information, it is desirable to install a video telephone and a computer connected to the global network in each room. The popularity of museum hotels, that is, old private hotels, is growing in popularity, meeting world standards in terms of comfort, but retaining the unique charm of antiquity.

The international chain of hotels "Hilton" plans to build a hotel on the moon. The project will cost the corporation $6-12 billion. According to the project, the hotel will be a steel structure covered with materials that are used to create space shuttles. Its clients will be provided with a service at the level of a five-star hotel. Payment for a room with a view of the Earth will exceed the cost of other rooms. The hotel is planning a beach. The entire complex will be located under a huge hermetic dome.

Food facilities will also undergo certain changes, which, however, will not be massive. In particular, the menu of restaurants, bars, cafes will be made with great variety, taking into account the growing popularity of exotic cuisine. As a background to the process of eating, national music and entertainment programs will be used.

A team of scientists led by Yu. V. Zabaev, I. A. Ryabova and E. L. Dracheva in one of their works also highlight the main trends in the development of international tourism. We present them further in some refinement and reduction. We only note that these trends are inherent mainly in the tourism industry, but have a very direct impact on the accommodation and catering industry.

One of the main features of tourism development is the uneven distribution of international tourist flows in different regions and countries. Tourist flows are concentrated in several regions of the globe, and their movement is mainly intraregional in nature.

Currently, the following proportions are observed: mass or group tourists make up 20-30% of the total number of people traveling abroad; the remaining 70-80% are individual tourists who travel, as a rule, to neighboring countries. This ratio has been changing in recent years in favor of mass tourism for the following reasons: a decrease in the number of consecutive vacation days and at the same time an increase in the frequency of vacations; low price of air transportation; increasing the number of charters for the convenience of tourists traveling in groups; increased interest of tour operators in mass tourism due to the fact that it brings a lot of income; search for new directions that have great advantages from an economic point of view; increasing the number of jobs in mass tourism; increase in the number of tourists traveling by bus due to the low price of the tour package.

The volume of travel for the purpose of recreation is increasing more dynamically compared to the volume of business tourism. If in the 70s XX century Since the business segment dominated the international tourism market, now the ratio has changed towards recreational tourism: 60% of tourists travel for recreation and only 40% for business purposes. It can be assumed that the main development of tourism will be carried out by increasing the number of people traveling for the purpose of recreation, despite the fact that business tourism will be important for world tourism in general.

In all economically developed countries, paid holidays are provided for employees. In developing countries, the situation with paid holidays is also stabilizing. The duration of paid holidays is increasing. For example, in Japan, many categories of workers currently have seven weeks of vacation per year. This makes it possible to increase the time spent on holidays abroad, to make long trips.

By the beginning of the XXI century. there has been a trend towards an increase in the length of stay during international travel and an increase in the number of trips made during the year. The increase in the length of stay is mainly due to the number of elderly tourists, pensioners, especially from those countries where pensions are significant amounts and the pension level is sufficient to travel abroad. At the same time, there has been an increase in the number of short-term trips for weekends or for two or three nights in world tourism. This happens at the expense of young tourists who tend to break out on a trip for several days in order to avoid long breaks in work.

Tour operators show interest in senior travel age group population (third age). This category of consumers has more time more money. They already have grown children. They are true to their affections, go to familiar places, do not want to experiment. They are more closely attached to a certain place of residence, they know all the employees in the hotel.

There is an increase in customer demand for service. This is especially evident as tourists travel more and learn more about modern service. The more tourists travel, the more comfort they want. They can compare the level of service provided, often criticize something, demand complaints.

There is an increase in the mobility of the population. Many have cars, they are easily removed from their seats and travel. Travel expenses have increased, travelers have begun to spend more money while traveling. Now non-traditional accommodation facilities, mountain chalets, hunting lodges, bungalows, etc. are gaining popularity. The tourist product is becoming more and more sophisticated. New gastronomic concepts are being created. A lot of attention is paid to the little things and to things that are not directly related to accommodation facilities or excursions.

Tour operators are experiencing strong competition from airlines that have begun to sell their own tours by combining air tickets with the services of direct travel service providers (hotels, tour agencies, etc.). Low airfares for their own tours allow airlines to offer tours for more favorable prices. This may somewhat weaken the position of tour operators in the market and reduce their share of sales. The position of tour operators may also be weakened due to the fact that consumer tastes are changing towards greater independence and individual travel, as opposed to group mass tours.

The process of globalization of tourism services leads to a serious increase in the amount of information that needs to be collected, updated, structured and sent. A novelty of the tourism industry in the late 90s. became a trip without travel documents, thanks to their electronic version, placed in the KSB in the form of a personal file. Now the traveler can get a boarding ticket for an airplane, just by presenting an identity card.

Widespread use of the worldwide computer network The Internet has arguably the most powerful impact on distribution systems in tourism. At present, it can be considered both as a distribution channel and as an additional information resource of the distribution system. The greatest achievement of the Internet is the ability to provide global access to a tourism product at a much lower cost than traditional distribution systems.

E. A. Dzhandzhugazova identifies eight trends in the development of the global hospitality industry. To the main trends in the development of the world hotel market relate:

Distribution of the sphere of interest hotel business to other products and services previously provided by enterprises in other industries. For example, catering, leisure, entertainment, exhibition activities etc.;

The growing democratization of the hospitality industry, which contributes greatly to increasing accessibility hotel services for the mass consumer;

Strengthening the specialization of the hotel business, which allows you to more clearly target certain segments of consumers, taking into account various signs;

The development of new types of tourism, for example, ecological, adventure, extreme, some thematic areas, allows you to take into account the interests of almost any category of consumers and make the tourist product more sophisticated;

Globalization and concentration of the hotel business, which is manifested in the creation of tourism corporations and hotel chains, hotel associations, unions, international governmental and non-governmental organizations are also being created;

Deep personalization of service and full concentration on the requests and needs of customers;

Widespread introduction of new means of communication and information technologies, allowing for deep and systemic economic diagnostics;

Introduction of new technologies into the business strategy of hospitality industry enterprises. In particular, the widespread use of the Internet to promote hotel products and services; as well as the dissemination of modern computer systems reservations and reservations.

Ufa Institute Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov Russian University of Economics

student

Efimov Oleg Nikolaevich, Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Economics and Management at a Trade and Public Catering Enterprise, Ufa Institute (branch) G.V. Plekhanov"

Annotation:

The study and analysis of the development of international tourism has been carried out, its trends and features in the conditions of the modern market have been identified. The prospects for the development of international tourism are considered. Requirements for the preservation of tourist attractiveness for tourist organizations have been formed.

The study and analysis of the development of international tourism, revealed its trends and patterns in today's market. The prospects of development of international tourism. Formed conservation requirements of the tourist attraction for tourist organizations.

Keywords:

country; tourist; solutions; Problems; competition.

country; tourist solutions to problems; competition.

UDC 379.85

One of the most actively progressing areas of world trade in services in our time is international tourism. The United Nations International Tourism Organization (UNWTO) recorded 847 million tourist arrivals and generated $733 billion in tourism revenue. Tourism acquired a global scale back in the 60-70s of the twentieth century. As a result, a global tourism market was formed, in which almost every country participates today.

But along with this, each country has its own level of socio-economic development, which primarily affects the change in international tourist flows.

The relevance of this topic is quite high, since in modern world The most common form of recreation is tourism. The purpose of this work is to study the position of international tourism in the world market. Also in this article the following tasks are set, to analyze statistical data on this topic, to consider the main factors external environment influencing tourism, identifying trends in international tourism and its prospects through the study of literature.

In our world, at present, there is a very common tendency for the number of tourists traveling to the countries of nearby regions to prevail over the number of tourists who prefer trips to long distance. Some researchers believe that this is due to the increased frequency of terrorist attacks in the world, others attribute this to a noticeable increase in tourist travel per year. The main conditions affecting the development of tourism are: competition, information technology, air travel, tour operator service and socio-political conditions for the development of the country.

Recently, the tourism industry around the world is often faced with continuously growing competition between tourism organizations both within the region and beyond. First of all, this is proved by hostile ways of advertising influence when trying to promote your company in the global travel services market. In addition, tourist demand and supply depend on a number of different factors, such as political influence, financial position country and social change.

From the foregoing, it follows that the increase in competition, both in tourism demand and supply, is one of the most significant trends in tourism in the world.

Consider a number of requirements for tourism organizations to maintain tourist attractiveness, set out in Table 1.

Table 1. Requirements for maintaining tourist attractiveness

The growth of competition in the market of tourist demand occurs as a result of the functioning of the following factors:	This requires countries that seek to maintain their tourist attractiveness to take the following actions:
Increasing the number of countries with ambitious plans to attract tourists	Maintaining a balance between demand growth and supply growth
Achieving maximum saturation of some forms and types of tourism offered by tourist centers	Providing for long-term investments in the tourism sector
	Ensuring that there are precise government strategies for tourism development in the country

As tourism profits become more visible, countries' attitudes towards international tourism are becoming more lenient and leading to fewer restrictions.

Recently, there has been a clearer trend special attention to environmental issues and environmental protection. High standards of living and education are the main characteristics of the countries of Europe. These conditions explain the increased attention to the problems of environmental protection on the continent. Solutions to the problems of air and water purification, proper waste disposal, protection of nature and animals are constantly considered and analyzed at the state level. The media pays great attention to these issues, which further stimulates the state and society. The analysis of the countries of Europe on an interdependent basis leads to an increase in demand for "sustainable tourism" which includes the development of tourism and at the same time the protection of the environment. Without any doubt, such increased attention to these problems has a positive effect on the creation of new tourism products, both in individual tourism and mass tourism.

The next trend is that great amount people live in urban areas with a high population density, which gives advantages to rural tourism, short-term vacations and tours with accommodation in self-catering apartments and others. In the future, when the world is studied in more depth, it is expected that there will be fewer new tourist centers and there will be a tendency to travel to the most remote, little-known and inaccessible places. At the same time, the progress of information technology and the decrease in prices for tourist trips in relation to the income of the population contributes to the influx of travelers and contributes greatly to the ongoing course of globalization, with which monotony is established. Therefore, an increasing number of travelers prefer to travel to tourist centers that guarantee great leisure time and good weather. To date, there are many resorts that provide the needs that are characteristic of only one criterion of the tourist market.

For example, a purely youth vacation or an all-inclusive vacation that does not involve tourists communicating with the local population and culture of the host country, and at the same time does not lose its popularity among tourists.

The main factor in choosing a holiday destination for many tourists has been and remains a reasonable price-quality ratio. Also an important factor for them is a sufficiently high level of service at the chosen resort.

Thus, the diversity of tourist preferences is a general trend, which, on the one hand, is characterized by an increase in mass tourism in developed countries, and on the other hand, by an increase in demand for individual or specialized tourism. This requires the constant adoption of active measures on the part of countries that develop tourism, aimed at identifying new types of tourism products that are a priority for people, and creating conditions for an acceptable ratio of their price and quality.

When conducting state policy in the field of international tourism, national tourism organizations of most countries try to listen to the forecast for the development of tourism in the world, which is compiled by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) - the largest intergovernmental organization, which is a specialized agency of the UN and includes 153 countries. According to the UNWTO study "Tourism - Panorama 2020", the increase in world tourist arrivals between 2000 and 2020 is expected to more than double.

The forecast states that in 2014 the number of tourists in the world should exceed 1.0 billion people, and by 2020. - amount to 1.56 billion people, of which 1.18 billion people. will travel within their regions, and only 377 million people. will make long journeys to other regions of the world.

But in general, if we consider this period, it will be possible to notice that travel to other regions of the world will grow slightly faster than within the regions. The ratio between trips within their regions and interregional travel, according to the same forecast, will change from 82% (within regions) / 18% (interregional travel) in 2000. up to 76% / 24% respectively in 2020. The expected distribution of tourists by region for 2020 is shown in Figure 1.

In 2020, the majority of tourists will continue to travel to Europe - 717 million tourists. The second place in the list of the most visited areas will be occupied by the Pacific region and East Asia (397 million tourists), the third - America (282 million tourists). It will be followed by Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. According to the forecast, in 2020 Russia will take 9th place in this list. Although everything can change dramatically, especially after the events related to Russia, Egypt, Turkey, America. So you can not completely trust this forecast. It may be that, for example, part of the number of tourists that was assigned to the share of America, Turkey, Egypt and Russia will be redistributed to Europe and East Asia.

Increasing the competitiveness of any tourism product in the world market can be achieved with sufficient allocation of budgetary funds by the state for non-commercial promotion of the tourism product in the domestic and global markets. It should be noted that the greatest indicators from the funds invested in the promotion of the tourism product and the tourism infrastructure as a whole begin to appear only after several years of constant investment. Private enterprises offer only their own product, without worrying about the state. In their competence there is no such practice as advertising any state. Therefore, the creation positive image country, attractive to visit, remains an exclusively state task, which is confirmed by world practice. Despite the fact that the United Kingdom and Spain occupy a leading position in terms of tourist attendance, each year these countries allocate 50.9 and 96.2 million euros for the promotion of their national tourism product in order to increase the flow of tourists. A large number of European countries that have tourist resources and in which they seek to develop tourism, also invest a lot of money in their promotion in the world market. The average amount is approximately 31.7 million euros annually.

UNWTO has compiled a list of tasks for increasing the number of international tourists, which all countries must complete in the next 10 years. Here is some of them:

Timely informing tourists with the information they need;

Ensuring security measures for tourists and their property;

Increasing the role of state policy in the field of international tourism;

Strengthening public-private partnerships;

Mandatory investment public funds in the development and promotion of tourism and tourism infrastructure.

Tourism in the world is very uneven, which is explained by the fact that all countries and regions are different in terms of development in the social and economic spheres.

Figure 2 shows that Western Europe accounts for more than 70% of the global tourism market. Approximately 20% is in the Americas and less than 10% in Asia, Africa and Australia. This development of tourism links entails the creation of numerous international organizations that contribute to the improvement of tourism. Most of the highly developed countries of Western Europe, such as France, Germany, Austria and others, have big profit to its state budget from tourism.

So, international tourism every year plays an increasingly significant role in the global economy. His hallmark is to conduct a significant part of the services at minimal cost in their country. Tourism occupies leading place in the list of industries that provide an impressive amount of added value. After analyzing the statistical data, the situation of the tourism market today and the identified trends and prospects for world tourism, we can conclude that the position of this industry of the world market depends on a fairly long list of factors that change over time. But today, world tourism occupies a leading position in world trade in services.

Bibliographic list:

federal law

Introduction

Organizations of international tourism in modern conditions

The main trends in the development of international tourism

1 Analysis of the state and development trends

2 Development of the electronic tourism market

Conclusion

Literature

Introduction

The global socio-economic phenomenon of our time is international tourism.

After the end of the Second World War, international tourism began to actively develop throughout the planet. Europe has become the main tourist region. In addition to it, the tourist direction began to develop actively in the countries of America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. At the moment, the world is one common space, which is largely due to scientific and technological progress. Long distances are not perceived today as a barrier for people who have a desire to travel.

Thanks to the development of the tourism sector, advanced technologies are being developed and actively used, and the global market for goods and services is becoming more active. Also, thanks to tourism, there is an active investment of funds in various spheres of production, the problems of employment and the improvement of the population are being solved.

important integral part world process of internationalization of socio-economic relations have become well-established international tourism ties. In many countries, the formation of the tourism industry has already been completed, which is now actively developing. It has a sufficiently powerful material base, provides jobs a large number people and interacts with a variety of sectors of the economy. The interests of various public and private enterprises and services intersect in the tourism sector.

Banks also take an active part in the activities of the tourism market. Insurance companies, trading companies, professional clubs. The impact of tourism on the most important sectors of the economy is quite noticeable. Tourism acts as a catalyst for economic development.

1. Organization of international tourism in modern conditions

international tourism

International tourism is currently one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the world economy. In the practice of developed and developing countries, tourism is one of the key priorities for economic development, especially given the recent global economic crisis. Note that tourism plays an important role in international relations. About 500 million people annually visit foreign countries for tourism purposes. Tourism is also a highly profitable industry, a factor in the economic growth of individual countries and the world economy as a whole.

International tourism in the post-crisis recovery (and for some countries the threat of a new crisis) is considered at the level of public policy as a means of promoting economic recovery, taking into account its ability to generate income and create jobs. Tourism in the global economy creates over 75 million jobs worldwide. Every twelfth person works in the tourism sector. International tourism provides employment primarily for young people and women, both in cities and in rural areas.

Tourism in the world economy ranks first in the creation of primary jobs that provide jobs for students. Here it is easier and easier for the younger generation to enter the labor market. Of course, not all those who start their career in tourism continue their whole lives, but the availability of such an opportunity is very necessary. Therefore, youth plays an increasingly important role in the structure of tourism.

Another feature of international tourism is that the age characteristics of traveling tourists are changing. Previously, the main contingent of consumers of the services of the tourism industry were people, mainly in the range between 30 and 50 years. Nowadays, in the developed world, people who can afford to travel live longer and retire healthier. The number of travelers who are over 60 and 70 years old is gradually increasing. At the same time, there is another trend: for the first time in the last decade, a huge segment of young people aged 16-18 are also becoming active tourists. World practice shows that travel companies are being created that specialize in youth tourism. They also appear in Russia.

Rice. 1. Income from tourism in the country's GDP, taking into account the multiplier effect

According to the World tourism organization(UNWTO), the share of tourism in world GDP, taking into account the multiplier effect, accounts for 9.4%. According to the Ministry of Sports and Tourism of Russia, tourism revenues in the GDP of different countries are: in Greece - 15.5%, in Spain - 15.3%, in Austria - 12.5%, and in Russia only 6.5% (see Fig. 1). ). According to experts, Russia is using its tourist and recreational potential by only 20% so far, which explains the lower contribution of tourism to the country's economy compared to the developed countries of the world.

Incomes from international tourism, according to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), in 2010 in different countries amounted to (in billion dollars): USA - 93.9 (1st place in the world), Spain - 53.2 (2nd place) , France - 49.4 (3rd place), China - 39.7 (4th place), India - 11.4 (16th place), Russia - 9.3 in total. So far, this is only 28th place in the world (in 2007 it was 30th with an income of 7.0 billion rubles).

The travel and tourism sector currently accounts for 4.8% of global exports and 9.2% of foreign investment.

According to the World trade organization in the first quarter of 2013, the number of international tourist arrivals increased by 4.5%. At the same time, positive growth is noted in all regions, with the exception of the Middle East. Selected sub-regions achieved double-digit growth year-on-year: South America (+17%), South Asia (+14%) and South East Asia (+10%).

According to experts, despite a number of events that during the year had a negative impact on the development of the tourism industry (political instability in the Middle East and North Africa, the tragic events in Japan), by the end of 2013, the growth of international tourist arrivals will be within from 4% to 5%.

Currently among topical issues development of international tourism is considered the problem of its competitiveness. The international tourism competitiveness of countries depends both on factors specific to the tourism industry and on general conditions business environment, in this regard, it is necessary to consider current trends in the development of international tourism in the context of the restoration of economic dynamics.

Researches of foreign and domestic scientists on the problems of tourism development often focus on the modeling of tourist demand and the numerous factors that affect the tourist offer in countries and cities around the world. Recently, a number of works in this direction relate to the issues of tourism competitiveness of countries and regions due to significant changes taking place in the industry and the growing importance of the prerequisites and conditions for the development of the tourism market. At present, the transformation of the tourism industry is mainly associated with the transition from the model of forming a "universal" offer of a tourist product to a "personalized" approach focused on the specific requests and needs of tourists.

This the new kind tourism is associated with the formation of certain market niches, emphasizing the uniqueness and exclusivity of the travel offer. Demand for unusual destinations entails global competition between countries and regions in order to attract tourists.

It seems that the international tourism competitiveness of countries depends both on factors specific to the tourism industry and on the general conditions of the business environment, in this regard, we will briefly consider some factors and trends in the development of the tourism industry.

In the four years leading up to the onset of the global financial crisis, the robust development of the global economy led to an increase in international tourism flows. In particular, in 2011, the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, Africa and the Middle East were in the lead in terms of the number of tourist visits.

The most dynamic spending on tourism grew in Germany, the US and the UK. It should be noted that the leading positions in the post-crisis period were occupied by countries with growing economies, showing higher business activity in the development of international tourism (+8%), while this figure in developed economies was only 6%. At the same time, the slowest pace of recovery was noted in Europe.

In 2011, the situation changed in the direction of leadership in the field of international tourism of developed countries. Thus, growth in arrivals during the first eight months of 2011 was higher in developed countries (+4.9%) than in emerging economies (+4%), largely due to particularly strong results in Europe (+6%) . An active recovery began after the decline in 2009 in Northern (+7%), Central and Eastern (+8%), Southern Europe (8%), for which a shift in travel away from the Middle East and North Africa played a positive role. Obviously, in the face of the threat of a prolonged economic recession in Europe, international tourism for the states of this region is an important driver of economic growth, which consists in the influx of the necessary foreign funds, alleviating pressure on the balance of payments of countries.

Important factors determining the choice of a country (region) in the post-crisis period for travel, according to domestic and foreign experts, are:

Tastes financial opportunities and preferences of tourists;

Mutual integration of business. So, if national tour operators work closely and long enough with individual countries, then most likely these countries will be favorites for domestic travelers. For example, Russians prefer Egypt and Turkey more than other countries, largely because these destinations are quite well developed by Russian tour operators and are offered in many options;

Visa formalities;

Convenience of reaching the desired destination (for example, direct flight);

Wide advertising company, which, as a rule, is focused on the following areas: participation in international tourism exhibitions and fairs (London, Madrid, Milan, Tokyo, etc.), the creation of an extended and Internet site with pages of individual regions, cities, provinces, regions, development and promotion of advertising and information television and radio programs in the country and abroad.

In addition to these factors, one should also take into account climatic conditions, as well as the directions of state policy in the field of tourism.

Thus, most countries of the world, realizing the importance and high profitability of tourism development in their countries, allocate funds to national tourism administrations to promote the tourism product.

Modern forms of tourism organization are characterized by:

firstly, increased concentration among the largest group of retail firms offering travel services and the related deprivation of a larger number of such firms of legal and economic independence, the emergence of new forms of relations in their relations with other companies;

secondly, changing the nature of the activities of travel wholesale companies and turning them into tour operators offering a full range of services in the form of inclusive tours and acting as a link between the tourism industry and travel agencies.

third, education large corporations tourism industry and their direct operations to provide tourism services to customers.

And, finally, the penetration into the sphere of tourism business of "non-tourist" capital - transport, trading companies, insurance companies, newspaper trusts, both by creating their own travel agencies in the form of subsidiaries, and by carrying out tourism operations with their own apparatus.

Nowadays, the movement of people for tourism purposes has covered all countries of the globe, and thanks to this, contacts between people from different countries have become an everyday reality. As a result, tourism is now one of the most dynamically developing sectors. international business. Therefore, the interest of entrepreneurs in it is obvious and is explained by a number of factors. Firstly, in order to start a tourism business, it does not require too much investment. Secondly, large, medium and small firms quite successfully interact in the tourism market. And at the same time, this type of business allows you to quickly turn over capital, as well as (in the field of international tourism) to extract certain benefits through foreign exchange transactions. At the same time, modern tourism industry cannot function effectively without improving the control subsystem. Management in the field of tourism services takes into account the specifics of the organization and activities of tourism enterprises. Tourist service programs involve catering establishments, hotels, travel agencies, transport enterprises, museums, cinemas, sports centers, trade enterprises, etc. All of them constitute the tourism infrastructure. Proceeding from this, the whole variety of projects and programs for servicing tourists should be built using new forms and methods of production and economic activity.

2. Main trends in the development of international tourism

2.1 Analysis of the state and development trends

Analyzing the trends in the formation of the tourist service itself, I would like to focus on improving the level of service in this area in almost all countries of the world. This trend in the tourism sector is due to the fact that since the second half of the 20th century, a serious shift has occurred in the psychological and behavioral motives of the Western population, caused by changes in the general socio-economic situation in these countries. Thanks to the purposeful exploitation by the countries of the "Golden Billion" of the labor and natural resources of the "Third World", these countries managed to provide the majority of their population with very high standards of material consumption and temporarily reduce social contradictions between different classes and social groups to a safe minimum.

The result of this situation was the formation among the majority of the population of these countries of worldview and behavioral attitudes, known as the "psychology of consumerism" and now existing under the brands of social psychology of "post-industrial society", "abundant society", "free time society", etc. Accordingly, by the end of the 20th century in Western countries, a new type mass consumer, which is distinguished by the following psychological and behavioral features: awareness and high level of education; high demands on comfort and quality of services; individualism; ecologism of consciousness; spontaneity of decisions; mobility; physical and mental activity on vacation.

The specified features of consumers in Western countries (as well as the most affluent consumers in the Russian Federation, for whom, first of all, it is formed offer tourism product and modern Russia) are transformed into the following target tourist settings: new impressions and their rapid change, activity, relaxation in the company or together, spontaneity, the desire for immediate satisfaction of one's desires, enjoyment of nature and landscape.

The response of the tourism industry to changes in the behavior of potential consumers is, first of all, the differentiation of the tourism product as a result of the differentiation of tourism demand. At present, travel companies all over the world do not address their product to the mass of tourists in general, but tend to be guided, if possible, by the needs of specific target groups. On the modern market Tourist products of Western countries offer family vacation tours, excursions for schoolchildren, specialized trips, adventure and hunting tours, special tours for workers in certain industries, etc. Such a differentiation of the tourism product raises the question of a subjective comparative assessment of its various types and components with different categories of tourists, which should be the basis for the formation of an optimal integrated tour that makes the most of the tourist resources of the region.

Accordingly, the new type of consumer presented above, subject to the "psychology of consumerism", dictates more stringent requirements for the level and quality of tourist services.

Today, the process of establishing network trade in tourist services is actively developing all over the world. Network trade in travel services is represented by associations of legally independent operator companies and travel agencies operating under a single brand. There are currently about 10 network operators operating on the domestic market, among them Hot Vouchers Store, Turinfo Global Travel, Metropol-Express, Greenex, Kuda.ru, and Wind Rose. Network associations are created on the basis of a franchise agreement.

In Western countries, in the field of tourism development, the use of franchising is widespread. An example is such world-famous companies as Radisson, Holiday Inns, Sheraton, etc.

The main idea of entering the network is the ability to connect to proprietary technologies management company. All parties to the franchise agreement must follow certain standards in financial, technological and administrative work. By definition, online trading requires maximum standardization in everything from the choice of suppliers to sales technologies.

Special requirements are imposed on the quality of the tourist product, which must satisfy all project participants as much as possible. In an effort to keep their corporate secrets, management companies require their franchisees to fulfill the obligation not to enter other networks.

The next trend in the development of the tourism services market in the world is to increase the level state support tourism industry. So, today in many countries a regional brand of the tourist region is being formed, many states are assisting in the promotion of the tourism product of their country in the global tourism market.

In modern conditions, private-public partnership is developing in the field of tourism, demonstrating various forms and models in different countries. It seems to us that, given the intensification of globalization processes, increased competition, this kind of partnership is necessary to promote the national tourism product to the international market, develop marketing plan, implementation promotional activities, co-financing of tourism projects.

Public-private partnership is also necessary to solve the problems of managing congestion in the most popular tourist travel destinations, improving environmental situation, coordination of actions of state and non-state organizations in crisis situations.

One of the main features of the development of modern tourism is the uneven distribution of international tourist flows in different regions and countries. Tourist flows are concentrated in several regions of the globe, their movement is mainly intraregional in nature. Tourist flows are mainly concentrated in Europe and Asia. At the same time, the role of the countries of the New World in tourist exchanges is increasing.

Currently, the following proportions are observed: mass or group tourists make up 20-30% of the total number of tourists; the remaining 70-80% are individual tourists traveling to nearby countries. This ratio has been changing in recent years in favor of mass tourism, the reasons for which are as follows: a decrease in the number of consecutive vacation days and, at the same time, an increase in the frequency of vacations; low price of air transportation; an increase in the number of charters; increased interest of tour operators in mass tourism; search for new directions with great advantages; increasing the number of jobs in mass tourism; increase in the number of tourists traveling by bus.

By the end of the XX century. there is a trend towards an increase in the length of stay during international travel and the number of trips made during the year. The first occurs mainly due to the number of elderly tourists, pensioners. At the same time, there is an increase in the number of short-term trips for weekends or 2-3 overnight stays in world tourism. This is due to young tourists seeking to break out on a trip for several days in order to avoid long breaks in work.

A characteristic feature of recent years has been the so-called integration (horizontal and vertical), i.e., the consolidation and active penetration of the capital of individual companies into foreign tourism markets through mergers or acquisitions of similar businesses or related (partner) companies.

Horizontal Integration- this is the consolidation and active penetration of the capital of individual companies into foreign tourist markets through mergers or acquisitions of homogeneous companies. This is especially evident in the hotel business. For example, everyone knows the widespread distribution of such hotel chains as Sheraton, Mariotte, Novotel, Sofitel, Hilton and others in various countries of the world. Large hotel corporations are actively penetrating foreign markets by acquiring property , franchise agreements, management contracts.

There are currently over 3,000 hotel chains in North America and Europe with at least 10 members each. The rating of the largest of them is regularly published by the magazine "Hotels". He distinguishes three types of hotel chains: corporate companies, hotel management companies and associations of independent hotels.

Vertical integration - consolidation and penetration of capital into foreign markets through mergers or acquisitions of companies in various areas of tourism services. This type integration in tourism can be considered on the example of the existing three European models: German, English and French.

Thus, nowadays tourism is becoming more and more global. Many enterprises in the hospitality industry, uniting into large economic complexes, overcome the boundaries of individual states and entail the breaking of national barriers. In a short time interval, they have become a noticeable phenomenon in international life and, like threads, have entangled the world space. These new economic formations, corresponding to a higher level of concentration and centralization of production and capital, contribute to the approval and dissemination of international standards for tourism services.

Modern tourism business cannot be imagined without appropriate information support. The development of even the simplest tour requires a large amount of information: knowledge of schedules and tariffs for international or domestic transportation, service prices, class of hotel and other tourist services. Previously, the company received this data from a collection of reference materials. She collected them, kept them and used them in her work. Gradually multi-page dossiers were replaced by computer information technologies.

In past years, tourist demand was formed mainly under the influence of tourist supply, while at present the situation has changed to the opposite. In today's conditions of ever-increasing market saturation and a greater understanding of their needs by consumers, who also have more financial and temporary opportunities, demand determines the profitability of the offer. That is why a detailed and careful study and forecast of tourist demand is now needed in order to make it possible to form a corresponding tourist offer.

The European region continues to be the main international center of educational tourism. However, in general, there is a steady decline in the share of the old tourist regions of Europe and America due to higher growth rates of the young tourism industry in East Asia and the Pacific region and, to a much lesser extent, other macro-regions. In total, Europe and America still concentrate 3/4 of the world tourist market.

The second region of cultural and educational tourism is the Asia-Pacific region (APR). The exchange of cultural traditions for thousands of years determines the unique combination of unique architectural monuments and places of worship in the Asia-Pacific region. Asia will become the leader of international tourist arrivals not so much due to the development of medical and health-improving (resort) tourism as educational. At present, China, India, and Thailand are becoming major international centers of educational tourism.

The search for new experiences determines the increase in demand for tours to Africa and the Middle East. Combined tours are developing at a high pace in these regions, which are offered mainly to Morocco, Syria, South Africa, and Tunisia. However, the main part of the income comes from the organization of beach holidays (UAE, Egypt, Tunisia). The popularity of educational tours to such countries as Tanzania, Kenya, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and some others is gradually growing.

One of the interesting trends in the development of international tourism can be the creation of special conditions for the development of tourism (accommodation, transportation, meals, travel programs, etc.), taking into account their national and religious characteristics. Such an approach will contribute to the development, for example, of "halal" tourism (tourism according to the laws of Islam) in the context of a predicted rapid increase in the tourist flow from the countries of the Middle East. We can also talk about the formation of special requirements for tourists from other Asian countries (for example, Japan or China), whose perception of the proposed tourist opportunities is very different from the perception of their representatives of Western civilization.

2.2 Development of the electronic tourism market

Considering the main trends in the development of the tourist services market, one cannot but touch upon the issues of informatization and the active introduction of information and communication technologies into the industry. On the Internet, the tourism industry is developing very rapidly. Every year, an increasing number of tourism market entities of various levels seek to create their own space on the Web. Online advertising is the most promising direction and a very mobile and operational way of transmitting information. In addition, network advertising does not require significant resources.

One of the most effective means Internet space is the creation of an information multilingual portal, the main task of which is to promote the country both in the world and in the domestic tourism market. The great information saturation of the Web, together with presentational capabilities, makes the Internet attractive to the global tourism industry. The technological possibilities of the Web are practically unlimited - from the creation of the simplest sites to the appearance of sound animated videos. An important advantage of the Internet is its high efficiency. The presence of one's own Internet resource shows the level and quality of management, and virtual images created with the help of electronic technologies have no less impact on consumers than television.

The development and implementation of new online technologies is becoming a priority for all participants in the modern tourism market, which allows creating new areas of public service.

Booking travel products online is one of the fastest growing online businesses. The share of Internet orders in the total sales of many Western travel agencies often approaches 100%. In many foreign countries online business is becoming the most dynamically developing source of income for travel companies. In the early 1990s, in the field of travel services, electronic sales channels mastered, first of all, air travel and accommodation as simple (non-composite) and easily classified services. The ease of organizing the process of electronic distribution was due to the presence in these market segments of computerized accounting systems.

I will list the main components of the technological development of international individual tourism now and in the near future.

Mobile applications. Already today, a huge number of tourists are planning their trips using various applications for smartphones and tablet computers, which allow them to quickly find the most advantageous offers of air tickets, hotels, tours and even insurance. In the coming year, this trend will only grow upwards, experts believe, as mobile online is very convenient for travel-related purchases. In addition, in some situations, this way of purchasing tickets is the only possible way, for example, if you missed your flight.

High tech. With development high technology Increasingly, hotels, tour operators and even embassies are using them to interact with tourists. For example, consulates are increasingly accepting applications and visa applications online. In Dubai, one of the most luxurious hotels gives out tablet computers to guests, which replace reception and concierge services.

Social networks. Facebook, Twitter and other social networks are now becoming an important motivator of interest in travel, as well as a tool for finding the best place to go on vacation. For example, on the public pages of travel companies you can find all the necessary information about holiday destinations, find out the necessary news and other useful information. In addition, with the help of social networks, you can easily find inexpensive housing in almost any city in the world.

Couchsurfing and local hospitality. The development of independent tourism poses special challenges for the host country. So, for example, with the help of his smartphone, a tourist can easily find a restaurant or a museum, read detailed reviews of other tourists about it, and based on this, decide whether to pay attention to this place. Thus, according to experts, excursion routes prepared in advance by the tour operator will soon have to be forgotten, and the profession of a guide may completely disappear into oblivion, since in any city there are “ kind person”, which will guide the tourist along a unique route, showing such sights and interesting places that are not written about in guidebooks.

Cheap hotels may also be a thing of the past, as couchsurfing - giving a room or even your entire home to a tourist for free - is gaining momentum. Some provide accommodation for free, in exchange for the future hospitality of their guest, while others charge a certain fee, which, however, is unlike the money that hotels require. In the UK and the US, travel agencies are already emerging, giving preference not to hotels and inns, but to private landlords and sites for temporary housing exchange.

Hotel for a day and unusual design. Hoteliers, however, are not going to give in to the onslaught of couchsurfers. For tourists who come to the city for a short time, more and more daily hotels will open, experts believe. The same hotels that will work according to the old scheme will have to lure tourists with unusual design and additional services, which is generally not bad, as many original and unusual offers will appear on the market.

Low-cost carriers: price reduction and increase in paid options. Budget carriers have recently become more popular among independent tourists who do not want or are not able to overpay for tickets from large airlines. The fact that low-cost airlines will only become more in demand in the future is also evidenced by the fact that last year, even in such an unfriendly market for low-cost airlines as Russia, two such carriers gained a foothold at once - easyJet and Wizz Air, and the giant Aeroflot is going to launch its subsidiary low-cost carrier.

The pricing policy of low-cost airlines is quite flexible and will become more and more friendly to passengers who just need to fly from point A to point B without additional frills and luxury. This means that ticket prices will decrease, but there will be more and more paid options.

Asian sunrise. As the main directions of tourism in the coming year, many experts confidently name Asia. The greatest flourishing of the tourism industry in 2014 is predicted South-East Asia especially cities like Kuala Lumpur and Hanoi. China will not stand aside either, where the market for cruises along the country's rivers is rapidly developing. In general, the Celestial Empire, according to experts, in terms of the quantity and quality of tourism in the near future can seriously squeeze Europe and the United States.

Safety is paramount. Unprecedented security measures at airports and border crossings are already in place in Russia today. Real legends and tales, sometimes quite frightening, have long been circulating about how they reinsure themselves in Europe, the USA and especially in Israel. According to experts, the strengthening of security will continue in the future.

With the development of the e-commerce market in Western countries, its product structure is also changing. At small total volumes sales in the sector e-business, in the late 90s, air and railway tickets accounted for about 45% of turnover. Today their share in Europe has grown to 70%.

Most buyers in Europe prefer to purchase tickets directly from the carrier - such sales today accumulate more than 40% of the entire travel e-commerce market. The share of intermediaries is half as much. At the same time, in the total volume of direct sales, two-thirds are accounted for by low-cost (economical) airlines.

In the European market, due to the growth in the share of ticket sales, the market share of package tours decreased most significantly. A package tour is a multi-component product, even Russian legislation it includes at least four services. It is more difficult to accurately position such a product for a client with whom there is no live communication, since it is difficult for a buyer to receive feedback during an electronic transaction, while it is often difficult for him to choose the components of a tour without professional help. In addition, the average cost of a package tour, which often includes a flight, is higher than the cost of an air ticket. Such a product is more difficult to sell using the Internet as a distribution channel. Package tours are harder to sell online than airline tickets.

For their part, online agencies in all countries work with a very specific client. According to research conducted in the US, 45% of buyers who purchase an Internet trip visit four or more websites before making a purchase decision. At the same time, the price is the main factor driving purchases in the network. But e-commerce businesses get not only the most lean, but also regular customer: 21 million Americans purchased travel online in 2010, and a third of them now make such purchases on a regular basis.

Online travelers on average make more private trips per year than regular customers - 5.9 versus 3.6 in the US. Nearly all (91%) online shoppers admit to using electronic service because of the attractive price. Ease of use is second in importance.

Further development e-commerce in tourism, judging by the situation in the leading countries, will lead to a redistribution of the importance of channels for the distribution of tourism products. The Internet, for service providers, is becoming a full-fledged alternative distribution channel.

Since the global Internet provides convenient access for the service provider to the mass consumer without intermediaries, intermediaries (agencies and others) that control the market today will have to look for new forms and channels for the sale of their services to the client.

Finally, e-commerce technologies will evolve towards providing more personalized services, displacing traditional travel agencies from the market. Overcoming the psychological barrier of communication with a computer when choosing a tourist service (an intangible product) and increasing the purchasing activity of visitors to Internet resources are becoming priority areas in the development of new technological solutions. Today, to overcome the psychological barrier, it is necessary to develop technologies that can, based on an analysis of the behavior and preferences of the client, give advice, recommend the appropriate option, help make a choice, replacing a live consultant. Without this, online agencies will not be able to succeed in selling package tours, vacation travel, cruises and other expensive services.

Conclusion

Summing up the results of the study, the following trends in the development of the world market of tourist services should be noted:

There is a tendency to service the tourism sector, which is due to the fact that since the second half of the 20th century, the majority of the population of developed countries have formed worldview and behavioral attitudes, known as the "psychology of consumerism", which now exist under the brands of social psychology of "post-industrial society", "abundant society" , "free time societies", etc.

The world tourism market today is dominated by the following target tourist settings: new experiences and their rapid change, activity, relaxation in the company or together, spontaneity, the desire for immediate satisfaction of one's desires, enjoyment of nature and landscape.

Today, the process of establishing network trade in tourist services is actively developing all over the world. In developed countries, the use of franchising is widespread in the field of tourism development.

One of the main trends in the development of the tourist services market is informatization and the active introduction of information and communication technologies into the industry. The tourism industry is developing very rapidly on the Internet, every year an increasing number of tourism market entities of various levels seek to create their own space on the Web, by 2015, according to experts, more than a third of all tourist trips will be sold via the Internet. As a result of the use of modern technologies, there is an increase in the volume of services rendered in the tourism market due to the acceleration of information processing, and the development and implementation of new online technologies leads to an increase in booking travel services on the Internet.

The next trend in the development of the tourist services market in the world is the increase in the level of state support for the tourism industry. So, today in many countries a single brand of the tourist region is being formed, many states are assisting in the promotion of the tourism product of their country in the global tourism market.

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