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The role of the leader in managing the organization. Adaptation of a leader to a new position Types of directors in a modern school

The role of the leader (director) in the management of a modern school. The head of the school (headmaster) is a key figure in the field of education, which determines the success of the implementation of the ongoing changes in education. According to many experts in the field of pedagogical management, the director of a modern school is an effective leader with such qualities as: competence; sociability; respect for subordinates; courage in making decisions; ability to solve problems creatively. An effective head (principal) of a school is:     a creative person who is able to overcome stereotypes and find non-traditional ways to solve the problems facing the school, create and use innovative management technologies; a person who is constantly working on himself, on his professional and personal qualities; a strategist who sees the prospect of developing his school for several years ahead; a person who inspires the teaching staff with his example. Director of the Center for Leadership Research at the Institute of Education at the University of London, Professor Alma Harris believes that there are a lot of skills and competencies that a modern head (principal) of a school should have, but the most important thing is the ability to form a team of teachers. It is the teacher who works directly with the student, and therefore the director must believe in the teacher, trust his opinion and admit that he can understand some issues better than him. In recent years, significant changes have taken place in the Kazakh school. There is a saturation of the educational process with modern educational, technological equipment, teaching aids and educational complexes. AT educational process innovative educational technologies are being introduced, and not at the level of replacing individual parts, but at the level of conceptual changes that require the training of qualified teachers of a new formation. Schoolchildren of the 21st century differ significantly in development from schoolchildren of the twentieth century. Under these conditions, the functions and role of the head (principal) of the school change significantly. On the one hand, the headmaster is an effective manager, since today the headmaster has to perform a lot of managerial functions - managing the budget, interacting with the public, interacting with senior management, etc. Organization management skills are becoming more and more important every day, and the director has no time to deal with pedagogy. Peter Drucker, the founder of modern management, based on many years of observation, came to a paradoxical conclusion: "strong professionals", excellent specialists in their field, rarely become good leaders. This is due to the fact that management is completely special kind professional activity, the result of which is directly related to the personal effectiveness of a person. On the other hand, within the framework of great freedom, the director of a modern school, in addition to management theory, must understand modern educational paradigms, priorities, and promising educational technologies.

Many experts believe that it does not matter what education a school director has, but he must have pedagogical experience: “Any school director should “stand at the machine”, at the blackboard in the classroom - have teaching experience. Otherwise, he will not be able to be an effective school principal. He may be able to manage the school budget well, but he will not be the director of the school, in the true sense of the word. A similar point of view is shared by the director of the Center for Leadership Research at the Institute of Education at the University of London, Professor Alma Harris: “Modern directors need to be able to effectively, rationally and intelligently manage the school. But the school, which is experiencing serious difficulties, just good manager few. She needs a director who, by his own example, can show what good lesson, because in problem schools, as a rule, there are few good teachers, and there is simply nowhere for teachers to get examples of good teaching practice. The director must be able to do everything himself in this situation. In practice, when the director has a lot of managerial and other tasks, it is difficult to demand that he be effective manager and an effective innovator in terms of pedagogical technologies. According to a number of researchers, today there are four main types of school leaders (directors):     “authoritarian business executive”; "democratic business executive"; "authoritarian leader"; "democratic leader" At the same time, two of them are most common: “authoritarian business executive” and “authoritarian leader”, the most popular of which is “authoritarian business executive”. Unfortunately, such a combination, when the director is both a talented teacher and an effective manager, is possible only in the ideal. Author's schools are close to it, where the director himself is a generator of innovations. According to experts, " personal example and the personal relationships that the director builds are key. A great manager who doesn't like people, a great manager who isn't a teacher, can't run a school." For the most part, effective leaders are not born, but made. You can gain knowledge and skills of effective management by undergoing special training. However, this can also be achieved through self-education. In all cases, appropriate motivation is needed: personal ambitions (I am no worse than others), the desire to make a career (the soldier who does not want to become a general is bad), school patriotism (my school is better), the desire to earn money (you work better - you get more). In modern times, the leader (headmaster) is a coordinator, a social builder, a bearer of everything new, progressive and democratic. Based on various management principles, the leader uses an individual approach to teachers in his work, taking into account the human-centric approach. One of the options for a human-centric approach to the socio-psychological and cultural-ethical aspects of management is the Dale Carnegie system, which he outlined in his famous 10 rules: 1. Begin with praise and sincere recognition of the dignity of the interlocutor. 2. Point out the mistakes of others not directly, but indirectly. Direct criticism is useless, as it makes you defensive. 3. First, talk about your own mistakes, and then criticize the interlocutor.

4. Ask the interlocutor questions instead of ordering him something. 5. Give people the opportunity to save their prestige. 6. Be generous with praise. 7. Create a good reputation for people, which they will strive to maintain and justify. 8. Encourage. Give the impression that mistakes are easy to fix, make everything that you encourage people to seem easy to them. 9. Get people to enjoy doing what you want. 10. Let people save face. "Effective manager" is a conditional concept denoting an ideal leader who knows the basic provisions of management theory, who knows how to effectively implement them in practice, and who is characterized by high professional competence. Effective leader in modern society one who knows how to correctly set and solve problems. There are plenty of methods and trainings on how to become an effective school director - choose according to your taste. For example, the methods of Peter Drucker, who believes that in order to become a successful leader, first of all, one must learn to manage oneself, because "management abilities are different for all people, but those who can manage themselves, their actions and decisions successfully manage others." References: 1. Bolshakov A.S. Management. Tutorial. St. Petersburg: "Peter Publishing House", 2000. 160 p. 2. Intraschool management: Issues of theory and practice. Ed. T.I. Shamova. M., 1991. p. 352 3. Isaev IF School as a pedagogical system: Fundamentals of management. M.; Belgorod, 1997. p. 286 4. Kustobaeva E. Management culture directors: adequate self-assessment. Public education. 2002. No. 1. 5. Pedagogy. Ed. P.I. Pidkasistogo, Moscow, 1998, p. 452 6. Management of a modern school: A guide for the director of the school. Ed. M. M. Potashnik. M., 1992. p. 298 7. http://5fan.ru/wievjob.php?id=8015

The principal is the key figure in the school. And success in school depends on who leads it. Today, when school principals work in conditions market economy, they are required to take many important daily management decisions- from finding ways to make money to finding ways to improve the quality of education. The question arises - who is he, the effective head of the modern school?

A good director will certainly achieve independent accounting and full regulatory funding for his educational institution. He will certainly develop a system of remuneration, but with his own individual school characteristics. He will definitely create or initiate the emergence of some public governing body (for example, a good parent committee), and find sponsors.

For development innovation activities the school requires a competent, skillful mastery of new technologies by the director. Only when the director understands from his own experience how important and convenient it is to use modern technologies in their work, then it will become an indispensable condition for changing the attitude in the development of these technologies by the team.

An effective leader of a modern school must keep up with the times: set tasks that are important today and that will become even more important tomorrow, and, most importantly, be able to find ways to solve them.

A modern director knows how to work with a child and with parents and teaching staff. To do this, he must be a teacher and organizer, possess legal and economic knowledge. He must take care of the role of the teacher in his team, contribute to the improvement of the qualifications of teachers, create conditions for the disclosure of their creative abilities. To create comfortable learning conditions in the school, he needs knowledge of pedagogy, psychology, and various methods. Teaching work, despite the heavy workload, is necessary, because. it helps in strengthening relationships with teachers and students.

The principal of the school must have certain personal qualities that ensure success management activities. These are tolerance, tact, upbringing, inner harmony, optimism.

Mandatory for the leader is his emotional

balance and stress tolerance. The leader must control his emotions regardless of his mood and always be positive.

The modern director must take care of the prestige of the school. These are various district, regional competitions, conferences, seminars, master classes, and links with society. If possible, give the school the opportunity to be an experimental platform in certain areas, arrange international exchanges of students. The future of the school depends on how well the school hears it.

An important role is played psychological climate at school. The director oversees interpersonal relationships teacher-student. Students should consider school as their "second home" and teachers as their mentors-friends. The leader should organize a special rest room for teachers and for children.

Sure to be modern director not easy. Only a strong, integral, creative, talented, honest, intelligent person can hold such a position.

Innovation Manager is a leader who organizes innovative activities, timely development and development of innovations that ensure the stable development of the enterprise.

The main areas of responsibility of the innovation manager are: development of an enterprise development strategy; business organization (formation efficient structure and management technologies) and work with personnel.

Special attention when working with personnel, today it is paid to stimulate their creative activity, develop the ability to solve complex and non-standard tasks, as well as methods of motivating personnel, which are understood as ways to encourage employees to innovate in order to achieve the goals of the enterprise. Motivation should cover all activities for the development and implementation innovative ideas and projects.

Today, the innovation manager is subject to requirements that can be divided into two groups: I - common to all managers and II - special, due to the peculiarities of innovation as an object of management.

General requirements to manager:

1) professional knowledge (according to the profile of the enterprise, economics, management, marketing, finance, etc.);

2) the ability to lead people (the power of persuasion, the ability to achieve one's own, willingness to cooperate, intuition, communication skills);

3) the ability of strategic thinking (the ability to analyze and predict the situation, creativity);

4) the ability to achieve success (perseverance and endurance, independence of action, the ability to withstand stressful situations, ambition, initiative);

5) administrative abilities (ability to plan, ability to make decisions, organizational skills).

THEORY AND PRACTICE

In one of foreign magazines The following list of qualities of a modern manager was proposed:

1. He is well informed about the situation related to the activities of the enterprise.

2. Strives to understand reality through experience and talent.

3. Predicts undesirable developments, knows how to rally the team.

4. Makes decisions that will be the right ones for the next five years.

5. Timely feels the change in the rules of the game and reacts accordingly.

6. Finds a balance between the demands of employees and the need for unpopular decisions.

7. One hundred percent open to all new ideas.

8. Admits his mistakes, does not prosecute for dissent.

At the same time, a manager responsible for the innovation policy of an enterprise needs a number of special qualities:

firstly, the ability to creatively approach the solution of complex management problems, in particular to the development of an enterprise strategy;

Secondly, intuition, flexibility and the ability to quickly respond to change external environment(market situation, political and economic situation). The highest manifestation of intuition is the ability not only to anticipate changes, but also to influence the situation to the benefit of your enterprise;

third, the ability to optimally organize the activities of subordinates, create such conditions for their work, which practically do not require intervention from the manager;

fourthly, the ability to be a leader recognized by colleagues and subordinates (this property is especially necessary when an enterprise finds itself in a difficult situation).

Critical Component effective leadership- leadership. Translated from English word"leader" means: "head", "commander", "leader", "leader". Leadership- this is special position in society ( social system), which is characterized by the ability of the individual in a certain way to influence collective behavior, direct and organize it.

THEORY AND PRACTICE

The Harvard Business School (USA) formulated the following requirements for a leader:

Þ have a vision (people want to follow those who know where to go; they want to know why they are being led there);

Þ trust your subordinates;

Þ be cool;

Þ do not be afraid to take risks;

Þ be an expert (everyone must be convinced that the leader knows at least as much as they do);

Þ stimulate the manifestation of different points of view;

Þ find simple solutions to complex problems.

Distinguish between formal and informal leadership. Formal- associated with the appointment of a person to leadership position, his position in society, organization. informal leadership is based on the authority acquired as a result of the recognition by the team of competence, high business, organizational and other personal qualities that are important for the leader. A formal leader (for example, the director of a company) is not always recognized in the team as informal. The innovation manager should be an informal leader.

Many foreign companies in the competitive selection of innovative managers, special tests are used to determine whether the qualities of an employee correspond to the position held. The candidate who combines leadership with high responsibility, a friendly attitude towards others, and efficiency and accuracy with the timeliness of decisions is given the highest rating. An exemplary test for compliance with the qualities required of an innovation manager is given in Table. one.

According to Western experts, the success or failure of an enterprise today is almost 90% dependent on the effectiveness of management. In connection with the transition of the Russian economy to the market, the role and importance of innovation management becomes especially important for enterprises.

To the modern leader to effectively manage a company (firm, organization, enterprise, structural unit, department, team, etc.) it is important to successfully combine six main roles in your activities: from the owner and entrepreneur to an effective professional and a civilized person.

First, briefly, for a clearer understanding, we will consider these skills (leader roles), and then we will analyze each role in detail and present practical advice for their development.

Roles of a modern leader in company management

Role No. 1 - A civilized person.

This role of the leader in the management system demonstrates socially acceptable norms of behavior. Modern leader in different situations must always behave appropriately and show respect for the employee in particular and for the team in general. A civilized person (leader) knows how to arrange a person and never violates the agreements reached.

Role #2 - Efficient professional.

This the role of the leader in the organization implies maximum achievement positive results at work, through the active use of their knowledge and abilities. As an effective professional, the leader shows deep knowledge in his field, while constantly improving it. Also, this role of a leader in a team includes such actions as demonstrating experience and skills to his employees and colleagues and helping them.

Role #3 - Team player.

One of the main purposes of the manager's role in management is to attract people, taking into account their motivation and qualifications, the distribution of responsibilities, the ability to properly delegate authority, effective interaction with other team members, information exchange, personal contribution to the achievement of goals, maintaining team spirit and a healthy psychological atmosphere in the team. A team player welcomes a plurality of opinions.

Role #4 - Manager.

The value of this role in the overall leader role system hard to overestimate. After all, the main skills of a leader are precisely the ability to organize employees, set the right goals and monitor their timely achievement. The general role of the leader in the management system cannot be imagined without managerial skills. A manager, in order to fulfill the assigned tasks, must be able to quickly find resources and rationally allocate them, increase labor productivity organization and its subdivisions, as well as effectively interact with subordinates, partners and senior managers. Management is the role of the leader No. 1, although it is not in the first place on this list!

Role #5 – Entrepreneur.

The leader, by consistent actions, must achieve the company's progress along the intended path and formulate (both for himself and for the staff) a vision of the future. The role of a modern leader is unthinkable without the ability to see opportunities for creating new values. And yet, a real manager always takes full responsibility for the results of the organization.

Role No. 6 - Owner.

No less significant role of the leader in the management of the organization than the previous one. It lies in the ability to achieve long-term results with the help of a strong professional will and a combination of outstanding personal qualities (including leadership qualities personality). The "owner" puts the interests of the company above personal interests, as well as above the interests of employees, and always when he makes decisions and acts, he thinks about possible consequences For the company. To succeed, he focuses on long-term development and purposefully develops his followers.

Development of skills (roles) of the leader

Development of the role of the leader as a civilized person

Development of the role of the leader as a professional

Set specific goals and objectives that you will implement. Tell team members about your ideas, as well as explain action plans for their implementation.
Be a role model for others, never promise what you can't deliver, and always keep your promises. Do what you advocate for.
Think about what you can change to improve your performance?
Don't Avoid Criticism, and when receiving information that is unpleasant for you personally, do not become aggressive. Proper follow leadership roles in a team unthinkable without image formation professional. Ask yourself what you did to make it happen.
For information about your professional activities, using various sources - periodicals, learning programs, professional conferences and forums, Internet, etc. Try to understand how effectively you learn new things and improve yourself in professional area. Think about how this process can be improved?
Discuss with employees the latest and most exciting developments in your industry. If you are approached for professional advice, approve and encourage it, or find out for yourself if there are areas in which you can suggest (guide them, indicating where and how they can find the answer to their question) and provide assistance.

Development of the leader's role as a team player

Constantly review team performance. Have your work team regularly work on methods to improve the quality of their duties. To analyze the interaction within the team and receive data, feedback tools should be established.
In order to spend more time with people, you should not oversaturate the agenda too much. It is also important to master the skill holding effective meetings.
Managerial roles of a leader are inconceivable without the role of a leader in conflict management. Make sure that the psychological atmosphere in the team is healthy. Often there are cases of mobbing. You must do everything in your power to prevent and prevent this phenomenon. New employees are more likely to be exposed to psychological pressure, so it is important in first working day for new job make it clear to him and everyone else that he is part of the team and is needed by the company. For this you need to know how to introduce a new employee colleagues.
Invite a coach or someone you trust to one of the team meetings. Ask him to objectively evaluate the work of the team, focusing on the following questions:

Is there a hidden conflict in the team?

Are you good at managing conflict?

Are you good at engaging employees?

Are you listening?

Are team members openly involved?

Do you control the agenda during meetings, review possible solutions, development of a strategy for further actions, time management (how many lost time) etc.?

What can be said about the composition of the enterprise?

Make sure that the distribution of responsibilities corresponds to the motivation and competence of employees. If this is not the case, the roles and responsibilities should be redistributed accordingly.
Involve people of different thinking styles to work in a team, because the most diverse composition is more flexible in performing tasks. Encourage multiple opinions. Analyze how and in what area employees can complement each other and be useful.
From time to time, allow your team members to make decisions on their own without speaking first. your point of view.

Developing the Leader's Role as a Manager

Development of the role of the leader as an entrepreneur

Follow the latest popular industry trends. Find sources of information that give best recommendations in areas such as HR, finance, marketing and logistics. Use whatever applies to your organization.
Study the business press once a week and highlight a realistic idea that can improve your business. Ask yourself more often: how, by connecting different technologies, products or services create added value for the enterprise?
Don't be afraid to develop own business use someone else's ideas. Fight with creative crisis and look for inspiration in areas related to and different from yours, such as science or art. Talk to people from a wide range of industries, applying their experience to improve the performance of the organization.
Support new ideas that improve the efficiency of the organization proposed by your employees and partners.
To find out how suppliers and customers evaluate your business and your services, meet with them periodically. Recognize strengths and weak sides your competitors.
In order to find new solutions for the development of your own company and establish yourself as a leader, it is sometimes useful to put yourself in the shoes of competitors, and imagine what strategic decisions could he use to push you out of the market?
It is also useful to imagine that your company is doing the same thing (produces the same product or provides the same services), but is not bound by its history and operating structures. What would you do if you weren't limited by this?
Try to explain complex and incomprehensible issues in business development to your employees in a simpler and more accessible language so that they have a clear understanding and there is not the slightest ambiguity. More actively instill a holistic vision of the business picture in the minds of subordinates, encourage a strategic approach and global thinking.

Developing the Leader's Role as Owner

The role of the modern leader in the organization - a complex role. The system of managerial roles requires a person to possess many different skills. The boss should know at least a little (the more the better), but about everything - from the tricks of financial science to the secrets of marketing, from the secrets of human psychology to ways of organizing modern productions. Of course, in one article you cannot reflect the fullness of the role of the leader in management, so in the future we will definitely return to this topic and consider some points more fully.

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Polyakova Yulia Vladimirovna

“I believe that the qualities of a manager

should be judged by how well he can

organize a large number of people and

how effectively can he achieve

the best results from each of them,

merging into one."

A. Morita

School in the traditions of all times, different peoples has always been the center of attention. Her successful activity largely depends on who manages it. At present, the role of the school principal, who must be able not only to organize the educational process, but also to make it cost-effective, is becoming especially relevant. Today, when school principals work in a market economy, they must make many important management decisions every day, from finding ways to make money to finding ways to improve the quality of education. The question arises - who is he, the effective head of the modern school?

According to the materials of the press conference "On the way to new school. The role of the director in the modernization of general education”:

I.I.Kalina, Deputy Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation: “The key figure in the school is the principal, who gathers teachers and creates conditions for effective work.”

ME AND. Kuzminov emphasized that “the personal example and personal relationships that the director builds are key. A great manager who doesn't like people, a great manager who isn't a teacher, can't run a school."

N.N. Pryanishnikov: “Being a school director is much more difficult than being a leader modern business: less resources, more tasks

K.M. Ushakov: one of the director’s main tasks is to “develop the mission of the organization and make it a personal matter for everyone”, because pedagogical work not possible without understanding the mission.

Modern requirements for education change the position of the headmaster as a manager. Now you need knowledge on financial management and school economics. This requires strategic thinking, but also a good knowledge of the learning process. The combination of these qualities will improve the quality of education, which is the main task of the modern school.

For the development of innovative activity in the school, it is necessary to have a competent, skillful mastery of new technologies by the director. Only when the director understands from his own experience how important and convenient it is to use modern technologies in his work, then this will become an indispensable condition for changing the attitude in the development of these technologies by the team.

An effective leader of a modern school solves the main task - to ensure the proactive nature of education: to set tasks that are important today and that will become even more important tomorrow, and, most importantly, to be able to find ways to solve them.

School management is necessary not only for effective management personnel, coordinating their activities in achieving the goals, objectives, decisions made, as well as in organizing control and analysis of their implementation. In the context of rapidly ongoing changes in education, it is necessary to know well their essence and nature, legal support, changes legislative framework governing education. For effective changes in the field of education, the headmaster is a key figure. The fate of Russian education and, ultimately, the future of Russia depends on its ability to accept and implement the main ideas of modernization.

The director manages the child, parents and teaching staff. To do this, he must be a teacher and organizer, possess legal and economic knowledge. He must take care of the role of the teacher in his team, contribute to the improvement of the qualifications of teachers, create conditions for the disclosure of their creative abilities. To create comfortable learning conditions in the school, he needs knowledge of pedagogy, psychology, and various methods. Teaching work, despite the heavy workload, is necessary, because. it helps in strengthening relationships with teachers and students.

Also, any leader must have special personal qualities that ensure the success of management activities. The effectiveness of the school depends on the style of team management. In the management style, the personal qualities of the leader are manifested. The leader, by developing and improving his personal qualities, changing the leadership style, can increase the efficiency of the educational institution.

The professional competence of the head of the school today, more than ever, includes managerial, pedagogical, communicative, diagnostic and research qualities, the effectiveness of his work is determined by the level of formation of professional knowledge and skills, the degree of development of professionally significant personal qualities that are necessary for the implementation of managerial functions to achieve intended goals.

One of the essential personality traits of a leader is self-confidence. The leader knows everything, knows how, can! And if he doesn’t know, then he will find out, he will find a way out, he will be able to. What does a confident leader mean for a subordinate? It is, first of all, that difficult situation you can rely on such a leader, with such a leader it is easier to think about tomorrow, he gives a certain psychological comfort, provides and increases motivation for work.

Mandatory for the leader is his emotional

balance and stress tolerance. The leader must control his emotional manifestations. He is constantly surrounded by people, and with all of them, regardless of mood and personal disposition, he must have smooth, business relations. In addition, emotional imbalance can reduce a person's self-confidence, and thus his business activity.

There are few people who are born leaders, talented leaders. But it is possible to become such - there would be a desire, a desire for knowledge, the use of new technologies, efficiency, and most importantly, tolerance for others. A wise leader understands that the main thing he has is his subordinates. He prefers them over other people. The leader achieves something only thanks to his subordinates. And therefore, one of the main tasks of the effectiveness of the work of a leader is the ability to understand people, their knowledge, and character traits. “Management is development, impact on people,” said Lawrence Eppley, president of the American Management Association many years ago. There is nothing more to add to this.

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