Mexico country presentation. Traveling to Mexico can be called moving in a time machine: layers of cultures from different eras and peoples are organically combined in this corner of the planet, creating. General information about the country
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MEXICO CITY Prepared by 1st year master student Anna Novikova Lecturer: Merinova Yu.Yu MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Federal State Autonomous educational institution higher vocational education"SOUTHERN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY" Faculty of Science and Mathematics Education Department socio-economic geography Rostov-on-Don 2013
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The most populous and longest city in the world, Mexico City, has no clearly defined borders, it can drive one hundred or more kilometers from end to end on a few freeways, traffic jams on which start at 7 am and periodically occur until 11 am. Mexico City is located on a huge plateau (2400 m above sea level) surrounded by a mass of smog hanging over the city 9 months a year. Relative relief comes in July-September, during the rainy season. Living in the polluted air of this metropolis is equivalent to smoking a pack of cigarettes a day.
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Mexico City is the oldest of the capitals of the Western Hemisphere. The city was founded by the Aztec Indians in 1325 under the name Tenochtitlan on an island in Lake Texcoco. By the beginning of the Spanish conquests, Tenochtitlan had become one of the largest cities in the world with a population of 300,000 (according to other sources, 500,000) people. After the capture and destruction of the Aztec capital by Hernan Cartes, the Spaniards built in its place new town- Mexico City, which became the capital first of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and in 1821 of independent Mexico. In 1900, the population of Mexico City was 350 thousand, and in 1940. - 1.6 million people, but in the future it began to grow much faster, by an average of 5% per year. As a result, Greater Mexico City has become the largest agglomeration in Latin America and the second or third in the world.
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Mexico City is not only higher authorities its legislative, executive and judicial powers, but also many large enterprises, corporate headquarters. Greater Mexico City employs 3.5 million people, or 14% of the country's economically active population. The population of Greater Mexico City is growing, firstly due to its high natural increase and, secondly, due to the constant influx of migrants. In most literary sources, the number of migrants arriving in Mexico City annually (mainly from the states of Central Mexico) is estimated at 300-400 people.
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The basis of the Greater Mexico City agglomeration is the Federal District established in 1970, covering 16 urban areas and occupying an area of 1.5 thousand km2.
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Except Federal District, the Greater Mexico City agglomeration also includes more than a dozen districts adjacent to the state capital of Mexico City. Satellite cities have formed here, acting as both independent industrial cities and bedroom cities, and their population is growing primarily due to the influx of migrants.
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Another scourge of Mexico City is poverty, from which one cannot escape even in the most unique and charming, immersed in gardens and parks, rich areas of the city. In Mexico City, as in all of Mexico, the number of beggars is not decreasing, exactly in line with the constantly growing number of them in the world at 2% annually, according to the World Bank; the number of poor people is growing even in developed countries, and not just in developing ones. This onset of poverty has been compared by some observers to the "Third World War".
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The gap between the poor and rich segments of the population in Mexico is 3-4 times higher than the corresponding data for developed countries. The percentage of the Mexican middle class is constantly shrinking. While the richest 10% of citizens own 50% of the national wealth, the poorest 10% of Mexicans own less than 2% of the national wealth.
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Half of the workforce in the Mexican capital is content with earnings at the level of one or two minimum wages, which allows them to receive only a third of the cost of the officially recognized living wage for goods and services for a family of 4-5 people. The situation is aggravated by the fact that Mexico has to import 43% of the annual national consumption of grain, the price of which is constantly rising on the world market. The thinning of the planet's ozone layer is causing an increase in the number of skin diseases in Mexico City - the sun now does more harm than chemical sewage pollution.
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Mexico City is often referred to as the city of architectural monuments and museums. Indeed, in terms of the number of monuments and unique buildings (there are more than 1,400 of them in Mexico City), the capital of Mexico cannot be compared with any other city in the world. Mexico City also has 10 archaeological parks.
"Mexico" Completed by student 1 "B" group Kuznetsova Karina Alexandrovna Checked by the teacher: Kravchenko.S.I. Mexico(Mexico City)
Enrique Peña Nieto (President)
- Form of government: Presidential Republic
- federal state. executive branch concentrated in the hands of the national government, and also owned by the president, elected by direct popular vote for 6 years. Legislative power is vested in a bicameral Congress. The lower house consists of 500 members. The upper house (senate) consists of 128 members.
- The United States of Mexico is located in the southwestern part of North America. In the east they are washed by the Caribbean Sea, in the west by the Pacific Ocean. The Rio Grande flows to the northeast.
- An important feature is the neighborhood with the United States. The main railroads and highways from the interior of the country approach the US borders.
- Water resources are distributed extremely unevenly, which, together with other factors, creates difficulties for water management. Agriculture. Many parts of Mexico need irrigation.
- It occupies one of the first places in the world among industrialized countries in terms of reserves of a number of valuable minerals. Rich in oil, gas, silver, gold, iron ores, sulfur
- Born: 2,467,730 people
- Dead: 608,937 people
- Natural population growth: 1,858,793 people
- Migration population growth: -108,739 people
- Men: 63,953,038 (as of December 31, 2016)
- Women: 65,724,983 (as of December 31, 2016)
- Mexico ranks second in Latin America in terms of industrial potential.
- Over 70% of the cost of industrial products falls on heavy industry (oil refining and petrochemistry), as well as metallurgy and mechanical engineering. Most of these enterprises are owned by foreign capital (USA, Japan, Germany)
- The most important agricultural crops include wheat, rice, barley, maize, and sorghum. to other important export crops include fruits and vegetables, especially tomatoes, oranges and mangoes, bananas, and coffee.
- Cattle breeding in Mexico is concentrated in the north-central region, which exports a large number of cattle to the United States.
- The length of railway lines is 24 thousand km, 19.9 thousand km are in operation.
- The importance of road transport is rapidly increasing, including in long-distance transportation.
- Of greatest importance are the pipelines connecting the districts oil and gas industry with the centers of the Mexican Highlands. Development air transport eliminated the isolation of many areas. Sea transport provides 54% of export and 34% of import traffic
Cathedral
Sumidero Canyon
Island of Women
International economic relations
- In 2002, Mexico managed to become the 2nd largest trade partner of the United States, ahead of Japan, which previously held this position.
- Mexico is well positioned to become the world's largest trading partner in the near future, primarily through its participation in NAFTA.
- Mexico's foreign trade in recent years has been characterized by high intensity. There has been a significant increase in trade with various countries and regions, signed agreements on free trade, encouragement and mutual protection of investments.
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Officially - the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos) Mexico is the third largest country in Latin America after Brazil and Argentina. Mexico is the northernmost of the Latin American countries and the most populous of the Spanish-speaking countries.
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Mexican President Felipe Calderon. Independence date September 16, 1810 (from Spain) Official language Spanish Capital Mexico City Largest cities Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla Form of government Presidential Republic President Felipe Calderon Territory 13th in the world Currency Mexican peso
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The flag of Mexico consists of three vertical stripes. The left green stripe represents hope, the middle white symbolizes purity, and the right red stripe represents the blood of the Mexican people. The image of an eagle eating a snake is based on an Aztec legend.
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The official language is Spanish, but it is widely spoken and English language. In resort areas, in shops and restaurants, English, French and German languages, they are not common in the province. In addition, local ethnic groups speak their own languages.
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Bullfighting is the national sport of Mexico. Bullrings have been built in all major Mexican cities. The largest of them is the La Monumental arena in Mexico City. In addition, one of the most beloved Mexican sports is football. There are two National Leagues here. Baseball is the second most popular sport in Mexico.
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Presentation on the topic: Mexico. Performed by students of the 7th "G" class Rakhimova Lilya and Karimullina Alsou
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Mexico State - Mexico Capital - Mexico City Population - 106.682.500 (2008) Length - 1.958.200 km2 Highest point - Pico de Orizaba (5.636 m)
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Mayan pyramids There are a lot of Mayan pyramids in the country, they are true monuments of antiquity in Mexico. Many of them are buried under a layer of earth, covered with dense tropical vegetation and are just green hills. Most pyramids are multi-layer structures. The oldest pyramid is located inside, and above it there are several later superstructures and claddings. The oldest pyramidal structures were discovered in the capital of the Toltecs - Tula, they are surrounded by strange multi-ton stone heads of mysterious creatures.
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Cacti prefer to grow in deserts, where it is very hot during the day and cold at night, in the sands, where there is practically no rain. They stand in the sun, slowly spending internal reserves. When it rains, they get drunk again. For many years, cacti lived in their homeland in Mexico. Only after the voyage of Columbus did they get to Europe. Now the cactus is a common and common plant that is found in almost every home.
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The jaguar has excellent eyesight and exceptional hearing. They have powerful jaws, sharp teeth and claws. They make huge jumps. The jaguar prefers to move on the ground, but also knows how to deftly climb trees. Not afraid of water - swims perfectly. The main color of animals varies from sandy to bright reddish ocher. The body is covered with both solid and annular spots, as well as rosettes, and inside the latter the coat is slightly darker than the general color. The head and wide powerful paws are black-speckled. A transverse pattern is observed in the lower part of the body: large black spots are present on the abdomen, and stripes made up of merged specks on the throat and chest. On the tail of the animal, a pattern of ring spots and rosettes located side by side (their fur is light) is also noticeable. The ears of jaguars are rounded, they are black on the outside with a yellow spot in the middle. Melanos animals are also often found, outwardly very reminiscent of black panthers (but in size they are still larger than panthers). Habitat: shrub thickets, woodlands. thick impenetrable wet rainforests, steppes, coastal groves, reed beds - i.e. almost everywhere, but they do not climb above 1000 meters above sea level.
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The green aratinga originates from Mexico and the region from southern Central America to northern Nicaragua. Some subspecies of aratinga have taken root on their own in US cities, for example, in southern Texas, and it has not yet been possible to find out whether these birds are descendants of domestic or wild Mexican parents. The Green Aratinga is not generally considered migratory, but may go to extremes if forced by a lack of food. The bird reaches 32 centimeters in length; the color is predominantly green, the beak is yellow. The bird feeds on seeds, various fruits, and corn, so it is sometimes considered an agricultural pest. Wild birds prefer tall shrubs, wooded areas and forest clearings. After fallowing, the green aratinga looks for hollows in the trees, where it builds a nest in which it lays three or four eggs. After the end of the mating season, the birds create communal settlements.
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Blue Agave The Indians of Mesoamerica had a rich culture of using all kinds of plants in everyday life. Suffice it to recall that the Indians extracted honey water from the blue agave. Fermented for several days, the mead turned into pulque - a drink that resembles our home brew. Pulque has a very favorable effect on potency. Paper, rope and needles were made from agave leaves.
