Profession automation. "My profession is the automation of technological processes and production" State budgetary educational institution of secondary vocational. What if there is no vision for the future
To paraphrase a well-known proletarian poet, let's talk about a graduate who is thinking about his future life and thinking about acquiring a profession, we'll talk about a specialty to which all sectors of the economy are submissive. In general, we will focus on the fact that the graduate pays attention to the specialty automation.
So, the profession, where the name and code of the specialty "Automation of technological processes and production": 15.03.04
This specialty involves participation in the creation of modern software products for designing, automatic control of technological processes, diagnosing mechanisms and equipment for the production of products, as well as monitoring the quality indicators of the products themselves with minimal human participation.
And also this specialty is associated with such as "Automation of control systems" - a specialty that deals with the processes of designing and implementing programs for control systems and automation.
What is the specialty "Automation of technological processes and productions"?
A university graduate with a diploma in such a specialty must know and apply methods, mechanisms and tools for the development and application of systems that manage technological chains and even production without involving or with minimal participation of a person, leaving him with the opportunity to control and make important decisions.
Control automation systems are used in industry, energy, agricultural and processing industries, transport, trade, etc. These control systems are now used in all sectors of the economy.
Specialty "Electrification and Automation"
This specialty is also in demand in almost all sectors of production, for example, in the sectors of mining or producing raw materials - in mining, as well as in agricultural production.
For example, "Electrification and automation Agriculture"- a specialty, according to which graduates receive an engineering qualification and can be employed at enterprises of agricultural, processing, repair production, at enterprises operating electrical networks and power plants, as well as in research, scientific organizations and institutions.
Work in the field of automation
In addition to the aforementioned employment in the specialty automation, holders of diplomas in this specialty can count on getting a job:
- for an engineering position at enterprises of any form of ownership;
- designer in design organization;
- designer in institutions of research and development of automation systems;
- an employee of a production or operational site or department.
It is quite obvious that over time you can count on the post of project manager, department, production, and even an enterprise or institution. Everything will depend on desire. career development and personal ambition, as well as an appropriate level of personal responsibility and professionalism.
At present, it is quite easy to reduce the cost of fuel and raw materials, thanks to the latest methods and production technologies. Despite this human resource is still an integral part of production. Labor is not only considered costly and adds value to the final product, but is also the cause of many system failures.
That is why people go to study as engineers, designers, researchers, designers. Having received and mastered this profession, the graduate will be considered narrow specialists in their field.
Automation of technological processes
This specialty is considered to be in demand and promising, having received which you can master:
- microprocessor control technology;
- production technology;
- circuitry;
- electronics;
- work on a computer with the help of applied software systems;
- knowledge of mechanical equipment and more.
The goals of process automation are to improve the safety and efficiency of the manufacturing process. These goals are achieved by improving the quality of regulation and labor ergonomics of process operators, as well as by increasing the equipment readiness factor for production. Having received at least a little experience in this area, such qualities as accuracy, responsibility, ingenuity, perseverance and attentiveness are developed. The activity of graduates will be related to setting up, manufacturing, operation and design of automatic control systems in production.
Description of professions
Having decided to become an engineer, it should be understood that in production you will be required to know, implement and develop new control systems, as well as maintain them in working order. It is necessary to be able to correct minor malfunctions in the operation of automated equipment and plan its work in the future.
Designers and designers at different stages of work create completely new projects, formulate and set tasks. It is these employees who are closely connected not only with science, but also with production itself, since they clearly understand what they should get as a result. The final stage of their work is the preparation of documentation, with which engineers will work in the future.
If even at the institute or even at school you noticed the ability to solve theoretical problems correctly, then you may like the profession researcher in the field of process automation. Private campaigns pay more but require proof of their intellectual experience. Work in the state structure can bring the recognition of colleagues and the opportunity to conduct their scientific activities.
No one will entrust you with the position of a project or department manager after receiving a diploma, since it requires a clear understanding of the process and a certain amount of knowledge. But it is quite possible to achieve this post over time if you are well versed in your work and perform your duties with high quality. I just want to remind you that in the case of an increase, the level of responsibility and the number of duties will noticeably increase.
In conclusion, it should be noted that even if you were hired by acquaintance, then you don’t need to shun it or, on the contrary, be proud of it, because they won’t keep a bad specialist in the field of process automation for a long time, since it depends on such people how well and quickly it turns out end product.
You can order high-quality automation services at this.
And production is not an easy specialty, but a necessary one. What does she represent? Where and on what can one work after receiving a professional degree?
general information
Automation of technological processes and production is a specialty that allows you to engage in the creation of modern hardware and technical and software tools who can design, research, conduct technical diagnostics and industrial testing. Also, a person who has mastered it will be able to create modern systems management. Specialty code of automation of technological processes and production - 15.03.04 (220700.62).
Based on it, you can quickly find the one you are interested in and see what they are doing there. But if we talk about it in general, then such departments train specialists who can create modern automated objects, develop the necessary software and operate them. This is what automation is
The specialty number was given earlier in the form of two different numerical values because it was introduced new system classification. Therefore, first it is indicated how the described specialty is designated now, and then how it was done earlier.
What is being studied
The specialty "automation of technological processes and production of free software" is during training a set of tools and methods that are aimed at implementing systems that allow you to manage ongoing processes without direct human participation (or the most important questions remain for him).
The objects of influence of these specialists are those areas of activity where complex and monotonous processes are present:
- industry;
- Agriculture;
- energy;
- transport;
- trade;
- the medicine.
The greatest attention is paid to technological and production processes, technical diagnostics, scientific research and production tests.
Detailed information about training
We examined what is being studied by those wishing to receive the described specialty, in general. And now let's detail their knowledge:
- Collect, group and analyze the initial data necessary for design technical systems and their control modules.
- Evaluate the significance, prospects and relevance of the objects that are being worked on.
- Design hardware and software complexes of automated and automatic systems.
- Monitor projects for compliance with standards and other regulatory documents.
- Design models that show products at all stages of their life cycle.
- Choose software and automated production tools that best suit a particular case. And also systems of tests, diagnostics, management and control supplementing them.
- Develop requirements and rules for various products, their manufacturing process, quality, conditions of transportation and disposal after use.
- Perform and be able to understand various design documentation.
- Evaluate the level of defects in the created products, identify its causes, develop solutions that will prevent deviations from the norm.
- Certify developments, technological processes, software and
- Develop instructions for the use of products.
- Improve automation tools and systems for the execution of certain processes.
- Service technological equipment.
- Set up, adjust and regulate automation, diagnostics and control systems.
- Improve the skills of employees who will work with new equipment.
What positions can you expect
We have examined how the specialty "automation of technological processes and production" differs. Work on it can be carried out in the following positions:
- Apparatus-operator.
- Circuit engineer.
- Programmer-developer.
- Systems Engineer.
- Operator of semi-automatic lines.
- Engineer of mechanization, automation and automation of production processes.
- Computing system designer.
- Engineer measuring instruments and automation.
- Materials scientist.
- Electrical Technician.
- Developer of an automated control system.
As you can see, there are quite a few options. Moreover, it should also be taken into account that in the process of studying, attention will be paid to a large number programming languages. And this, accordingly, will provide ample opportunities in terms of employment after graduation. For example, a graduate can go to a car factory to work on an assembly line for cars, or to the field of electronics to create microcontrollers, processors and other important and useful elements.
Automation of technological processes and production is a complex specialty, implying a large amount of knowledge, so it will need to be approached with all responsibility. But as a reward, you should accept the fact that there are ample opportunities for creativity.
Who is this path best for?
Those who have been doing something similar since childhood are most likely to become successful in this field. For example, he went to a radio engineering circle, programmed on his computer, or tried to assemble his own 3D printer. If you haven't done any of this, then you don't need to worry. chances of becoming a good specialist yes, it just takes a lot of effort.
What you need to pay attention to first
Physics and mathematics are the basis of the described specialty. The first science is necessary in order to understand the ongoing processes at the hardware level. Mathematics, on the other hand, allows you to develop solutions for complex problems and create models of non-linear behavior.
When getting acquainted with programming, many people, when they are just writing their “Hello, world!” Programs, it seems that knowledge of formulas and algorithms is not necessary. But this is an erroneous opinion, and the better a potential engineer understands mathematics, the greater heights he will be able to achieve in the development of a software component.
What if there is no vision for the future?
So, the training course has been completed, but there is no clear understanding of what needs to be done? Well, this indicates the presence of significant gaps in the education received. Automation of technological processes and productions is, as we have already said, a difficult specialty, and it is not necessary to hope that all the necessary knowledge will be given at the university. A lot of things are transferred to self-study both in a planned mode and implying that a person himself will become interested in the subjects studied and devote enough time to them.
Conclusion
Here we have considered in general terms specialty "automation of technological processes and productions". Reviews of specialists who have graduated from this area and are working here say that, despite the difficulty initially, you can claim a pretty good job. wages starting from fifteen thousand rubles. And over time, having gained experience and skills, an ordinary specialist will be able to qualify for up to 40,000 rubles! And even this is not the upper limit, because for literally brilliant (read - those who have devoted a lot of time to self-improvement and development) people, it is also possible to receive significantly larger amounts.
Automation of production processes is the main direction in which production is currently moving forward around the world. Everything that was previously performed by man himself, his functions, not only physical, but also intellectual, are gradually moving to technology, which itself performs technological cycles and exercises control over them. Now this is the general direction modern technologies. The role of a person in many industries is already reduced to only a controller for an automatic controller.
In general, the concept of "process control" is understood as a set of operations necessary to start, stop the process, as well as maintain or change physical quantities (process indicators) in the required direction. Individual machines, units, devices, devices, complexes of machines and devices that need to be controlled, which carry out technological processes, are called control objects or controlled objects in automation. Managed objects are very diverse in their purpose.
Automation of technological processes- replacement of the physical labor of a person spent on controlling mechanisms and machines by the operation of special devices that provide this control (regulation of various parameters, obtaining a given productivity and product quality without human intervention).
Automation of production processes allows many times to increase labor productivity, improve its safety, environmental friendliness, improve product quality and more rational use of production resources, including human potential.
Any technological process is created and carried out for a specific purpose. Manufacture of final products, or to obtain an intermediate result. So the purpose of automated production can be sorting, transporting, packaging products. Automation of production can be complete, complex and partial.
Partial automation occurs when one operation or a separate production cycle is carried out in automatic mode. In this case, limited human participation is allowed. Most often, partial automation occurs when the process is too fast for the person himself to fully participate in it, while rather primitive mechanical devices driven by electrical equipment do an excellent job with it.
Partial automation, as a rule, is used on existing equipment and is an addition to it. However, it is most effective when included in common system automation initially - immediately developed, manufactured and installed as an integral part of it.
Integrated automation should cover a separate large production site, it can be a separate workshop, power plant. In this case, all production operates in the mode of a single interconnected automated complex. Complex automation of production processes is not always advisable. Its scope is modern highly developed production, which uses extremelyreliable equipment.
The breakdown of one of the machines or units immediately stops the entire production cycle. Such production should have self-regulation and self-organization, which is carried out according to a previously created program. At the same time, a person takes part in the production process only as a permanent controller, monitoring the state of the entire system and its individual parts, intervenes in production for start-up and in the event of emergency situations, or the threat of such an occurrence.
The highest level of automation of production processes - full automation. With it, the system itself carries out not only the production process, but also full control over it, which is carried out by automatic control systems. Full automation makes sense in cost-effective, sustainable production with established processes with a constant mode of operation.
All possible deviations from the norm must be foreseen in advance, and systems of protection against them should be developed. Also, full automation is necessary for work that may threaten human life, health, or are carried out in places inaccessible to him - under water, in an aggressive environment, in space.
Each system consists of components that perform specific functions. AT automated system sensors take readings and transmit to make a decision on system control, the command is already executed by the drive. Most often, this is electrical equipment, since it is with the help of electric current that it is more expedient to execute commands.
It is necessary to separate the automated control system and automatic. At automated control system the sensors transmit readings to the remote control to the operator, and he, having already made a decision, transmits a command to the executive equipment. At automatic system- the signal is already analyzed by electronic devices, they, having made a decision, give a command to the executing devices.
Human participation in automatic systems is still necessary, albeit as a controller. He has the ability to intervene in the process at any time, correct it or stop it.
So, the temperature sensor may fail and give incorrect readings. Electronics in this case, will perceive its data as reliable, without questioning them.
The human mind is many times greater than the capabilities of electronic devices, although it is inferior to them in terms of response speed. The operator can recognize that the sensor is faulty, assess the risks, and simply turn it off without interrupting the process. At the same time, he must be completely sure that this will not lead to an accident. To make a decision, he is helped by experience and intuition, inaccessible to machines.
Such targeted intervention in automatic systems does not carry serious risks if the decision is made by a professional. However, turning off all automation and switching the system to the manual control is fraught with serious consequences due to the fact that a person cannot quickly respond to a change in the situation.
A classic example is the accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which became the largest man-made disaster of the last century. It occurred precisely because of the shutdown of the automatic mode, when the already developed programs for the prevention of emergency situations could not influence the development of the situation in the reactor of the station.
Automation individual processes began in industry as early as the nineteenth century. Suffice it to recall Watt's automatic centrifugal regulator for steam engines. But only with the beginning of the industrial use of electricity became possible a wider automation of not individual processes, but entire technological cycles. This is due to the fact that before that, mechanical force was transmitted to machine tools using transmissions and drives.
The centralized production of electricity and its use in industry, by and large, began only in the twentieth century - before the First World War, when each machine was equipped with its own electric motor. It was this circumstance that made it possible to mechanize not only manufacturing process on the machine, but to mechanize and its management. This was the first step towards creating automatic machines. The first samples of which appeared already in the early 1930s. Then the term "automated production" itself arose.
In Russia, back then in the USSR, the first steps in this direction were taken in the 30s and 40s of the last century. First automatic machines were used in the manufacture of bearing parts. Then came the world's first fully automated production of pistons for tractor engines.
Technological cycles were combined into a single automated process that began with the loading of raw materials and ended with the packaging of finished parts. This became possible thanks to widespread use modern electrical equipment at that time, various relays, remote switches, and of course, drives.
And only the appearance of the first electronic computers made it possible to reach a new level of automation. Now the technological process has ceased to be considered as just a set of individual operations that must be performed in a certain sequence to obtain a result. Now the whole process has become one.
Currently, automatic control systems not only lead the production process, but also control it, monitor the occurrence of emergency and emergency situations. They start and stop technological equipment, monitor overloads, practice actions in case of accidents.
Recently, automatic control systems make it quite easy to rebuild equipment for production. new products. It's already whole system, consisting of separate automatic multi-mode systems connected to a central computer that links them into single network, and issues tasks for execution.
Each subsystem is a separate computer with its own software designed to perform their own tasks. It's already flexible production modules. They are called flexible because they can be reconfigured to other technological processes and thereby expand production, versify it.
The pinnacle of automated production are. Automation has permeated production from top to bottom. Automatic transport line for the delivery of raw materials for production. Automated management and design. Human experience and intelligence is used only where it cannot be replaced by electronics.
The interest of young people in this area is not accidental: any activity, one way or another related to programming, today portends great opportunities for professional growth and development.
However, the competition among applicants for this position remains quite low: 3.6 resumes per vacancy. Which is also not surprising: the set of knowledge and skills required for such work is very significant. An automation engineer must know the production process very well, understand the equipment, be able to correctly program desired algorithm.
At the same time, the process of automation of production implies the need to visit the enterprise frequently, and this is due to business trips, for which not all graduates of automation departments are ready. In addition, there is always an alternative: go to IT. A technical mindset and programming skills are an excellent background for development in information technology, and salaries in this industry traditionally attract the attention of young professionals. And the shortage of qualified personnel is forcing IT companies to attract professionals from related fields.
However, there are those who cannot be lured to another sphere by any conditions. Let's see what the job of automation engineers is.
Job Responsibilities of an Automation Engineer
Participation in the development of ACS projects and their implementation;
- programming of controllers;
- production and repair of shields;
- testing of controllers and input-output modules;
- registration of technical documentation;
- supervised installation, participation in commissioning.
Salary offers and requirements of employers
The average salary offer for an automation engineer in Moscow is 60,000 rubles, in Saint Petersburg - 55,000 rubles, in Volgograd - 30,000 rubles, in Voronezh - 35,000 rubles, in Yekaterinburg - 45,000 rubles, in Kazan - 35,000 rubles, in Krasnoyarsk - 40,000 rubles, in Nizhny Novgorod- 32,000 rubles, in Novosibirsk - 40,000 rubles, in Omsk - 35,000 rubles, in Perm - 40,000 rubles, in Rostov-on-Don - 35,000 rubles, in Samara 35,000 rubles, in Ufa - 35,000 rubles, in Chelyabinsk - 40,000 rubles.
Manufacturing companies that are ready to hire automation graduates have the following requirements for young professionals. Applicants must have a good theoretical background: know system and electrical engineering, telemechanics, industrial automation, principles of building automated control systems and data archiving, data exchange protocols, as well as the requirements of regulatory documentation. The level of computer proficiency (AutoCAD and specialized software) should also be at a height. The starting salary for automation engineers without work experience in Moscow is from 35,000 to 40,000 rubles, in St. Petersburg - from 30,000 to 35,000 rubles, in Voronezh and Rostov-on-Don - from 20,000 to 23,000 rubles .
| City | Income level, rub. (no experience in this position) |
|
| Moscow | 35 000 - 40 000 | - Higher technical education - Confident PC user (including AutoCAD and specialized software) - Knowledge of system and electrical engineering, telemechanics, industrial automation tools - Knowledge of the principles of building automated control systems and data archiving - Knowledge of communication protocols - Knowledge of regulations |
| St. Petersburg | 30 000 - 35 000 | |
| Volgograd | 18 000 - 20 000 | |
| Voronezh | 20 000 - 23 000 | |
| Yekaterinburg | 27 000 - 20 000 | |
| Kazan | 20 000 - 23 000 | |
| Krasnoyarsk | 24 000 - 28 000 | |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 20 000 - 22 000 | |
| Novosibirsk | 23 000 - 26 000 | |
| Permian | 20 000 - 23 000 | |
| Omsk | 23 000 - 26 000 | |
| Rostov-on-Don | 20 000 - 23 000 | |
| Samara | 20 000 - 23 000 | |
| Ufa | 20 000 - 24 000 | |
| Chelyabinsk | 23 000 - 26 000 |
Automation engineers with at least 1 year of work experience can count on an increase in salary or look for a higher paying position. Such specialists should also have experience in programming controllers and skills in developing operational documentation. The salary of engineers who meet the specified requirements in the capital rises to 48,000 rubles, in the city on the Neva - up to 43,000 rubles, in Voronezh and Rostov-on-Don - up to 27,000 rubles.
| City | Income level, rub. (with 1 year work experience) |
Requirements and wishes for professional skills |
| Moscow | 40 000 - 48 000 | - Experience in programming controllers. - Experience in the development of operational documentation. |
| St. Petersburg | 35 000 - 43 000 | |
| Volgograd | 20 000 - 25 000 | |
| Voronezh | 23 000 - 27 000 | |
| Yekaterinburg | 20 000 - 37 000 | |
| Kazan | 23 000 - 27 000 | |
| Krasnoyarsk | 28 000 - 33 000 | |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 22 000 - 26 000 | |
| Novosibirsk | 26 000 - 30 000 | |
| Permian | 23 000 - 27 000 | |
| Omsk | 26 000 - 32 000 | |
| Rostov-on-Don | 23 000 - 27 000 | Samara | 23 000 - 28 000 | Ufa | 24 000 - 27 000 | Chelyabinsk | 26 000 - 32 000 |
Significantly increase the cost of a specialist in the labor market with practical skills in developing, debugging, implementing and maintaining software and information support ACS, as well as experience with SCADA systems. Automation engineers with at least 2 years of experience in Moscow can apply for a salary of up to 70,000 rubles, in the Northern capital - up to 63,000 rubles, in Voronezh and Rostov-on-Don - up to 40,000 rubles.
| City | Income level, rub. (with 2+ years experience) |
Requirements and wishes for professional skills |
| Moscow | 48 000 - 70 000 | - Practical skills in developing, debugging, implementing and maintaining software and information support for automated control systems. - Experience with SCADA systems. - Knowledge of English language at the technical level. |
| St. Petersburg | 43 000 - 63 000 | |
| Volgograd | 25 000 - 35 000 | |
| Voronezh | 27 000 - 40 000 | |
| Yekaterinburg | 37 000 - 55 000 | |
| Kazan | 27 000 - 40 000 | |
| Krasnoyarsk | 33 000 - 48 000 | |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 26 000 - 38 000 | |
| Novosibirsk | 30 000 - 45 000 | |
| Permian | 27 000 - 40 000 | |
| Omsk | 32 000 - 47 000 | |
| Rostov-on-Don | 27 000 - 40 000 | |
| Samara | 28 000 - 40 000 | |
| Ufa | 27 000 - 40 000 | |
| Chelyabinsk | 32 000 - 45 000 |
The maximum income of vacancies is promised to automation engineers with more than 3 years of experience, incl. at least 2 years in the industry in the profile of the company-employer. The most valuable specialists are considered to be engineers with experience in independent management of enterprise automation projects. Their earnings in the capital reach 120,000 rubles, in St. Petersburg - 110,000 rubles, in Voronezh and Rostov-on-Don - 70,000 rubles.
| City | Income level, rub. (with experience from 3 years) |
Requirements and wishes for professional skills |
| Moscow | 70 000 - 120 000 | - Experience in managing enterprise automation projects independently. - At least 2 years of experience as an Automation Engineer in a specific industry. |
| St. Petersburg | 63 000 - 110 000 | |
| Volgograd | 35 000 - 60 000 | |
| Voronezh | 40 000 - 70 000 | |
| Yekaterinburg | 55 000 - 90 000 | |
| Kazan | 40 000 - 70 000 | |
| Krasnoyarsk | 48 000 - 85 000 | |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 38 000 - 65 000 | |
| Novosibirsk | 45 000 - 75 000 | |
| Permian | 40 000 - 70 000 | |
| Omsk | 47 000 - 80 000 | |
| Rostov-on-Don | 40 000 - 70 000 | |
| Samara | 40 000 - 70 000 | |
| Ufa | 40 000 - 70 000 | |
| Chelyabinsk | 45 000 - 75 000 |
Applicant portrait
According to a labor market survey, the majority of applicants for the position of an automation engineer are young men with higher education. Only 8% of applicants are women. Young people under the age of 30 make up 54% of candidates. 93% of automation engineers have higher education. Every tenth specialist is fluent in English.
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Automation engineer
54% of applicants for the position of automation engineer are young people under the age of 30. This is 7 percentage points more than the average for engineering majors.
