The concept of features and functioning of the tourist market. Patterns of functioning of the tourist market. Features of their manifestation. Problems and prospects

1. The organizers of physical culture events or sports events determine the conditions for their holding, including the conditions and procedure for providing compensation payments sports judges related to the payment of the cost of food, sports equipment, equipment, sports and dress uniforms received by them for participation in sports competitions, are responsible for organizing and holding such events, have the right to suspend and stop such events, change the time of their holding and approve their results, as well as during official sports competitions, together with the owners, users of sports facilities, provide measures of public order and public safety in accordance with this Federal Law and the rules for ensuring safety during official sports competitions approved by the Government Russian Federation(hereinafter - the rules for ensuring safety during official sports competitions). Ensuring measures of public order and public safety during official sports competitions is carried out at the expense of the organizers of official sports competitions and (or) owners, users of sports facilities in accordance with the provisions (regulations) on official sports competitions and (or) agreements concluded by the organizers of such competitions and owners, users of sports facilities, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation. The rights and obligations of the organizers of official sports competitions, owners, users of sports facilities to ensure public order and public safety during official sports competitions are established by this Federal Law, as well as the rules for ensuring security during official sports competitions.

1.1. The organizers of physical culture events or sporting events determine the conditions and procedure for providing volunteers (volunteers), controllers-managers with compensation payments related to the payment of the cost of food, travel, accommodation, the conditions and procedure for providing sports equipment, equipment, sports and dress uniforms. The organizers of physical culture events or sports events determine the conditions and procedure for providing volunteers (volunteers) on a free and irrevocable basis with uniforms and other items of clothing, and controllers-managers - on a return basis with uniforms and other items of clothing. In the event that the financial support for the conduct of physical culture events or sports events is carried out at the expense of federal budget, conditions and procedure for providing volunteers (volunteers), controllers-managers with compensation payments and logistical support specified in part 1 of this article, are subject to agreement with federal agency executive power in the field of physical culture and sports. Financial support for the provision of compensation payments and logistical support to volunteers (volunteers), controllers-managers, specified in part 1 of this article, is carried out by the organizers of the relevant physical culture events or sports events. When organizing physical culture events or sporting events, the financial support for which is not carried out at the expense of the federal budget, the provision of compensation payments and logistical support to volunteers (volunteers), controllers-managers specified in Part 1 of this Article may be carried out at the expense of the relevant all-Russian sports federations, the all-Russian public organization specified in part 5 of article 28 of this federal law, and (or) professional sports leagues, if it is provided for by the norms approved by these all-Russian sports federations, all-Russian public organization specified in Part 5 of Article 28 of this Federal Law, and (or) professional sports leagues.

(see text in previous edition)

1.2. Norms for the provision of sports judges, volunteers (volunteers), controllers-managers of uniforms, other items of clothing, sports equipment, equipment, sports and dress uniforms, the procedure for using the specified property, equipment, equipment, food standards during the period of physical culture events or sports events , providing temporary accommodation for sports judges, volunteers (volunteers), controllers-managers are determined by the organizers of such physical culture events or sports events.

(see text in previous edition)

1.3. The rights and obligations of spectators during official sports competitions are established in accordance with this Federal Law, the rules of conduct for spectators during official sports competitions, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the rules of conduct for spectators during official sports competitions). The organizers of official sports competitions and (or) owners, users of sports facilities, along with the rules of conduct for spectators during official sports competitions, have the right to establish additional requirements for the behavior of spectators during official sports competitions, which cannot contradict the requirements of this Federal Law and the rules of conduct for spectators during official sports competitions.

1.4. Spectators guilty of violating the rules of conduct for spectators during official sports competitions are liable in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

1.5. For persons brought to administrative responsibility in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for violating the rules of conduct for spectators during official sports competitions, the court may impose an administrative ban on visiting places where official sports competitions are held on the days of their holding. The list of persons who are prohibited from visiting the venues of official sports competitions on the days of their holding (hereinafter referred to as the list of persons) is maintained by the federal executive body in charge of internal affairs. The maintenance of the list of persons and access to the information contained in the list of persons shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses for the execution of a decision on an administrative ban on visiting the venues of official sports competitions on the days of their holding. The organizers of official sports competitions, at the entrance to the venues of which the identification of spectators is mandatory in accordance with paragraph 2.1 of this article, at least three hours before the start of such competitions, get acquainted with the information contained in the list of persons and do not allow them to enter the venues. such competitions on the days of their holding of persons, information about which is contained in the list of persons. At the same time, the cost of entrance tickets to official sports competitions or documents replacing them will not be returned to these persons.

(see text in previous edition)

1.6. The venue for official sports competitions, which does not meet the requirements of the security rules for holding official sports competitions, cannot be used for holding these competitions.

1.7. The organizers of official sports competitions, in order to ensure public order and public safety and comply with administrative bans on visiting the venues of such competitions on the days of their holding, up to thirty calendar days before the day of the start of such competitions, notify the appropriate territorial body of the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs about the place, date and period of such competitions and immediately inform about changes in the specified information.

1.8. During official sports competitions, traffic is temporarily restricted or stopped on the relevant sections of roads Vehicle on such sections of roads in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

1.9. Responsibility for violation of safety rules during official sports competitions is borne by the organizers of such competitions, owners, users of sports facilities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

(see text in previous edition)

2.1. The organizers of official sports competitions, owners, users of sports facilities, in agreement with the organizers of official sports competitions, establish requirements for the sale of entrance tickets and other documents granting the right to attend such competitions. The organizers of official sports competitions, in agreement with the owners, users of sports facilities, have the right to establish requirements for the issuance and control of these entrance tickets and other documents, including those providing for the identification of spectators by documents proving their identity. When selling tickets, other documents granting the right to attend such competitions, and entering the venues of official sports competitions, determined by decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the characteristics of a particular sport and depending on the level of a sports competition (international, all-Russian, interregional, regional , inter-municipal, municipal), identification of the identity of spectators is mandatory. The procedure for such identification is established by the federal executive body in the field of physical culture and sports in agreement with the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs.

(see text in previous edition)

4. The organizers of physical culture events and (or) sports events own the rights to their coverage by broadcasting the image and (or) sound of events by any means and (or) using any technologies, as well as by recording the specified broadcast and (or) photographing events.

(see text in previous edition)

5. The rights to cover sports events and (or) sports events can be used by third parties only on the basis of permissions from the organizers of sports events and (or) sports events or agreements in writing on the acquisition by third parties of these rights from the organizers of such events.

6. The organization and conduct of a physical culture event or a sports competition are carried out in accordance with the regulations (regulations) on such a physical culture event or such a sports competition, approved by its organizers.

7. General requirements for the content of provisions (regulations) on interregional and all-Russian official physical culture events and sports competitions, providing for specific features certain types sports are established by the federal executive body in the field of physical culture and sports.

7.1. In order to ensure public order and public safety during official sports competitions, the organizers of such competitions and (or) owners, users of sports facilities may involve controllers-managers. This involvement can be carried out by contacting organizations that train controllers and (or) provide services to ensure order in places where mass events are held. The federal executive body in the field of physical culture and sports establishes requirements for organizations that provide special training for controllers and (or) issue and record certificates for controllers. The requirements for the content of the special training program for controllers-managers are approved by the federal executive body in the field of physical culture and sports in agreement with the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs. The issuance and registration of certificates of controllers-managers are carried out in the manner established by the federal executive body in the field of physical culture and sports. The form of the certificate of the controller-manager is approved by the federal executive body in the field of physical culture and sports.

(see text in previous edition)

8. The procedure for approving provisions (regulations) on official physical culture events and sports competitions of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the requirements for their content are established by the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the field of physical culture and sports.

9. The procedure for approving the provisions (regulations) on official physical culture events and sports competitions of the municipality, the requirements for the content of these provisions (regulations) are established by local governments.

10. The procedure for approving provisions (regulations) on official physical culture events and sports competitions held in military-applied and service-applied sports, the requirements for their content are established by the federal executive authorities that manage the development of military-applied and service-applied sports .

11. If the organizers of a physical culture event or a sporting event are several persons, the distribution of rights and obligations between them in relation to such an event is carried out on the basis of an agreement and (or) a provision (regulation) on such an event. Unless otherwise provided by the said documents, the organizers of a physical culture event or sporting event shall be jointly and severally liable for the harm caused to the participants of the event and (or) third parties.

12. The organization of a sports competition in a military-applied or service-applied type or sports, having the status and name of a championship, cup or championship of the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, a municipality, is allowed only if the federal body is included in the organizers of this sports competition executive power, which manages the development of this military-applied or service-applied type or sports.

13. Only official sports competitions can have the status and name of a championship, cup or championship of the Russian Federation, a subject of the Russian Federation, a municipality.

14. International sports events in respect of which obligations of the Russian Federation arise are held on the territory of the Russian Federation only subject to the approval of decisions on their holding with the all-Russian sports federations for the relevant sports, with the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, on the territories of which it is planned to hold such international sports events, and with the federal executive body in the field of physical culture and sports. An application for holding such international sports events on the territory of the Russian Federation, including for participation in a competition for the right to hold such events, may be submitted by the All-Russian Sports Federation for the relevant sport in the manner established by the federal executive body in the field of physical culture and sports.

(see text in previous edition)

14.1. During the period of international sporting events referred to in paragraph 14 of this article, entry into the Russian Federation to foreign citizens or stateless persons is not allowed if, in relation to such foreign citizens or stateless persons, there is information about the facts of violation of public order by them during public, sports , entertainment and (or) other mass events outside the territory of the Russian Federation or violation of the rules of conduct for spectators during official sports competitions in the territory of the Russian Federation or the intention to commit the relevant unlawful acts in the territory of the Russian Federation. If this information is available in relation to such foreign citizens or stateless persons, a decision is made not to allow entry into the Russian Federation in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

14.2. In order to ensure the security of international sporting events specified in paragraph 14 of this article, the President of the Russian Federation may introduce enhanced security measures, including:

1) establishment of controlled and (or) restricted areas;

2) restriction on entry and (or) temporary stay of citizens and residence of citizens;

3) restriction of the movement of vehicles;

4) flight restriction aircraft;

5) restriction of navigation;

6) strengthening the protection of public order and infrastructure facilities;

7) restriction of holding public events not related to the preparation and holding of international sports events;

8) full or partial suspension of the activities of certain hazardous industries and organizations that use explosive, radioactive, chemically and biologically hazardous substances;

Kupreeva Evgenia Alexandrovna
Educational institution: GAUDO "Center for Technical Creativity of the Bryansk Region"
Brief job description:
Publication date: 2017-01-12 Organization and holding of competitions technical types sports Kupreeva Evgenia Alexandrovna GAUDO "Center for Technical Creativity of the Bryansk Region" A manual for teachers and methodologists involved in holding competitions in auto-, ship-, air-, rocket modeling, kites, karting.

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Organization and holding of competitions in technical sports

Technical sports are the interaction of an athlete with technical devices of varying complexity.

Sports competitions in technical sports are a bright, emotional spectacle. The pleasure that arises from the participation of the audience, which is attracted by the bold and decisive actions of the participants, their achievements.

Depending on the goals and objectives, there are various competitions in technical sports: Championships, Championships, Cups, qualifying, classification, demonstration competitions.

The scale of the competition can be: International, All-Union, Republican, regional, regional and city.

By type of draw - closed (only athletes of a certain team are allowed), open (all athletes are allowed), complex (competitions in several sports).

According to the nature of determining the winners, competitions are divided into personal (only the results of individual athletes are determined), team (only the results of teams are taken into account), personal-team (the results of individual athletes and individual teams are determined).

The main features of the competition are:

– strict regulation of the activities of the participants of the competitions and other persons involved in the conduct of the competitions;

- the presence in each competition of rivalry, competition, which manifests itself in the desire to win, to achieve the maximum result;

- high social and personal significance for each athlete of the wrestling process itself and the achieved sports result;

- high emotional background of activity, caused by maximum physical and mental stress in the conditions of the struggle for the result;

– direct interaction of the competitors;

– equality of conditions and comparability of the results of each competitor.

Preparation and holding of sports competitions.

Competitions are held on the basis of an approved plan of events, in accordance with the regulations on holding competitions, rules, regulations and requirements for ensuring the safety of participants and spectators.

For the competition you need:

1.Develop a regulation on holding competitions;

2. Prepare an order for holding competitions;

3. Appoint the chief referee and chief secretary of the competition;

4. Draw up an action plan for the preparation and holding of competitions:

– provision and preparation of competition venues, relevant equipment and inventory;

- development of a scenario for the opening of the competition;

– formation of the panel of judges;

- organization of work of technical and maintenance personnel;

– provision of places for accommodation and meals for participants;

– acquisition (production) of premium material and paraphernalia;

– preparation of forms for competition protocols, tables, reports, etc.;

– provision of medical care for competitions;

– holding a seminar on competition rules with judges;

– holding a meeting of the main judging panel together with the coaches-representatives of the teams;

– ensuring measures fire safety sports facility;

Ensuring compliance with law and order during the competition.

Drafting calendar plan competitions in various types sports.

It indicates the name of the competition, the date and place of their holding and those responsible for organizing and holding.

An important condition in the preparation of the calendar plan is the traditional nature of the planned competitions in terms of timing, programs, participating persons. This facilitates the organization of the training process, increases the interest of athletes in them, and makes the competition more popular with spectators. If competitions are held regularly, this is an incentive for systematic training and contributes to the growth of sports results.

Drafting Regulations about the competition. It states:

1. The name of the competition.

2. General provisions.

3. Organizers of the event.

4. Venue and timing.

5.Requirements for participants and conditions for their admission.

6. Program and procedure.

7. Conditions and application form.

8. Conditions for debriefing.

9. Form of awarding.

10. Terms of financing.

11. Ensuring the safety of participants and spectators.

Training venues competitions. For the competition, it is necessary to take care of the preparation of places, equipment and inventory in full compliance with the established rules, their quality and the required quantity.

The main document governing the conduct of competitions are competition rules. They regulate the actions of judges and participants, provide for the conditions for identifying winners, determine the norms of the athlete's behavior, contain a list of prohibited actions that entail punishment that infringes on the interests of the team.

The main organizer and head of sports competitions, responsible for their holding is main judge.

The chief referee must be an impeccable connoisseur of the rules of competitions in this species sport, an honest, objective, impartial, resolute, polite, calm person who enjoys authority and respect outside of competition.

General provisions for holding competitions.

Opening of the competition:

– construction of athletes, coaches, judges before the start of the competition;

- welcome speeches by members of the organizing committee, honored guests.

The presentation of participants and the panel of judges is carried out before the start of the competition, before the change and during breaks in the competition.

Closing ceremony of the competition and awarding the winners.

The awards ceremony is held at the end of the competition.

For the awarding, the participants of the competitions are assembled and lined up. The chief referee announces the results of the competition: awards (prizes, cups, medals, diplomas, certificates);

Summing up the results of the competition

After the completion of the competition, it is necessary to provide the trainers-teachers with the final materials on the events held in the prescribed form.

Medical support for sports competitions

– ensuring control and admission to competitions only of healthy and trained participants;

– providing the necessary sanitary and hygienic conditions for the participants of the competition;

– prevention of injuries and diseases;

– organization and provision medical care participants.

In case of injury or illness, the doctor immediately provides assistance, establishes the cause and reports this to the chief referee, who urgently takes measures to eliminate the causes that caused injuries or other health problems of the participants.

An important factor for a clear organization and holding of competitions is the analysis and summing up in order to identify shortcomings, mistakes, listen to the wishes of athletes, coaches, judges and other interested parties. When summarizing the results, it is necessary to find out whether the set goals have been achieved and whether the tasks have been completed.

, . .

Types of competitions in competitive swimming

sports competition is the main system-forming and integrating factor that most significantly affects all other elements of sports. In the works of leading sports theorists, competitions are interpreted as a goal, means, method and model of training, as a powerful lever for managing a sport. Sports activity without its main constituent element - competition completely loses its meaning, its specificity.

The planning of the training process is carried out taking into account the upcoming competitions. The importance of competitions for the popularization of swimming, the struggle to attract the necessary contingent to engage in a favorite and useful sport is great.

On the modern level development of swimming, competition of any scale should be distinguished by: a clear organization and conduct, objectivity of refereeing, interest of participants and spectators in the competition.

Depending on the goals and objectives, the following types of competitions are distinguished: Olympic Games, championships, championships, cup, match and qualifying. According to the level, they are divided into international, all-Russian, federal districts, subjects of the Russian Federation, municipalities, physical culture and sports associations.

Swimming competitions are divided into: personal, personal-team and team. In individual competitions, the results and places are counted for each individual participant. In individual team competitions, results and places are counted simultaneously for individual participants and the team as a whole, in team competitions - only for teams.

In swimming, competitions are held and records of the world, Europe and Russia for women and men are registered in the following ways and distances, m:

• 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1500;

• on the back 50, 100, 200;

• 50, 100, 200;

• 50, 100, 200;

• medley 100 (only in a 25 m pool), 200, 400;

• freestyle relay 4 x 100, 4 x 200;

• combined relay 4x100.

Depending on the age of the participants, the goals and objectives of the competition, other distances may be included in them.

Records are recorded separately in pools with a lane length of 25 and 50 m. European and Russian records in 25-meter pools are also recorded in the 4 x 50 m freestyle relay and in the 4 x 50 m combined relay. records of Russia (boys - 18 years old, girls - 16 years old), as well as the highest achievements of Russia for juniors age groups(girls, boys).

Basic Documentation

Competition calendar

Preparing for the competition next year starts after the completion of the previous one. The drawing up of a calendar plan for mass sports events begins to be developed in the Russian Sports Committee and transferred to lower-level physical culture organizations (regional, regional, city, local), which fill it with their competitions. This plan consists of the name and nature of the competitions, the timing and location of their holding, the organizations participating in them and those responsible for their conduct. In some cases, competitions that are not included in the main calendar plan may be held. These can be sports events on orders (applications) of public and legislative organizations financed by them.

Regulations on the competition

For each competition, the employees of sports committees, together with the swimming federation of a given regional level, draw up a Regulation on the competition. It includes the following sections: goals and objectives; the right to hold competitions; ensuring the safety of participants and spectators; member insurance; time and place of the event; participants of the competition; program and schedule by day; conditions for conducting; determination of winners; awarding of winners and prize-winners; terms and place of submission of applications for participation in competitions; financing conditions.

Simultaneously with the Regulations, the estimate for the competitions is discussed and approved. It can be financed from the state budget, as well as at the expense of self-supporting, sponsorship and other organizations. Estimates for the competition in accordance with the Regulations must be approved before January 1 of the next calendar (financial) year.

The main points of the estimate are: rent of a sports facility or its reconstruction in accordance with the necessary requirements; manufacturing advertising materials; interior decoration according to the scale and age limit of the participants; expenses for the purchase of award paraphernalia; payment for service personnel, etc. After the approval of the previously listed documents by the governing organization, together with the presidium of the panel of judges (or the federation), chief judges are appointed for each competition, and for high-scale competitions, chief secretaries who prepare them together with the governing and conducting organizations.

The program of the competition and the schedule by day is also determined by the Regulations on the competition, which must be approved by the relevant body government controlled physical culture and sports.

Age of participants, their duties and admission to competitions

Rice. 10.1. Athlete's personal card

Competitors are divided into the following age groups:

• the youngest - girls 11 - 12 years old and boys 13 -14 years old;

• medium - girls 13-14 years old and boys 15-16 years old;

• senior - juniors (girls 15 - 16 years old and boys 17 - 18 years old);

• adult - women (over 16 years old) and men (over 18 years old).

Students who have passed medical checkup. Students in preparatory and special medical groups are not allowed to participate in sports competitions. Competitors are required to: know the rules of the competition and clearly follow them; strictly observe the rules of conduct in the pool; start in an organized manner.

When a participant is introduced by an informant judge, swimmers need to stand up, take a step forward, turn to face the audience, and then follow all the instructions of the judges.

Before the start of the competition, it is necessary to submit a preliminary application, which confirms the participation of this organization in the competition.

Then served registered application endorsed by the local sports committee. It is the main document allowing participation in these competitions, and consists of the following items: surname, name and patronymic of the participant; Date of Birth; sports title; the name of the sports society or department; the name of the sports team; name of the trainer, visa of the doctor. The application is signed by the team leader, representative and doctor.

Technical application is compiled immediately before submission to the panel of judges in connection with a possible adjustment. It indicates at what distance each of the declared athletes will participate both in the personal numbers of the program and in the relay races. According to the technical application for each participant, a personal (individual) athlete card is provided, its size is 1/4 sheet of A4 format (Fig. 10.1). It should contain the following information: distance, swimming method, gender, best result of the season, last name, first name, patronymic, sports title, name of a sports society or department, or physical education team, designation of a place for a swim and track number, a coach’s last name, as well as places for subsequent records of swim results and other data. The starting order of the participants is determined by a draw or on the basis of their previous sports result. For the convenience of holding competitions, sports results are recorded in the athlete's personal card.

draw- this is the determination by the method of random distribution of the number of the swim, and then the number of the track on which the athlete must start. With a known level of sports readiness of participants, only lane numbers are determined by lottery.

Prior to the start of the competition, the chief referee or his authorized representative personally draws up or approves the opening and closing script, paying Special attention organization and solemnity of the individual parts of the competition.

1 - 2 days before the start of the competition, a joint meeting of the main panel of judges is held, consisting of the chief judge, his deputy, chief secretary and representatives of the participating teams. It explains some organizational issues, announces plans for the implementation of the points of the scenario for the opening and closing of the competition. Then the chief secretary and his assistants accept nominal and technical applications from team representatives, as well as personal cards of participants. After that, if the competition is of a city scale or higher, a draw is made and start protocols are drawn up. The chief secretary informs the chief judge about the number of participants declared for each type of program in order to calculate the time for each day of the competition. After agreeing on the duration of the competition with the representatives of the teams, a decision can be made on additional time for warm-ups in the water. The chief referee, representatives of the organizing organizations and the heads of the sports bases make the final round of the premises for the accommodation of participants, coaches, judges, spectators and guests of honor and determine the readiness of the base for the upcoming competitions.

Participant costume

The uniform of all competitors (swimming suit, cap, goggles) must be modest, in good taste and appropriate for the discipline and not carry any symbols that may be offensive.

Participants in swimming competitions must perform in swimming suits approved by the International Swimming Federation. No accessories may be considered as part of the swimming suit.

Representative

Each organization participating in the competition must have an authorized representative. The representative is the leader of the team. He is responsible for the discipline, health of the participants and ensures their timely appearance at the start, awards, doping control, etc. The representative must attend the technical meetings held by the organizing committee of the competition. The representative has the right to receive information from the panel of judges on all issues of the competition, and from the secretariat - the materials of the competition.

The representative must submit applications for the participation of teams in relay swimming along with a card index at the credentials committee, the names of the participants in the relay must be specified one hour before the start of the morning (evening) part of the competition in which this relay is played.

Preparation of competition sites

Swimming pool and Technical equipment before the competition must be carefully examined and accepted by the chief judge of the competition. The organizing committee of the competitions must have the relevant documents confirming the acceptance of the sports facility before the competition.

For other competitions, pools with a length of 25, 33.33 and 50 m can be used, having a minimum depth of 0.9 m, and at the start site - at least 1.2 m.

The composition of the panel of judges and the main duties of judges

The organization conducting the competition appoints the organizing committee (if necessary) and the panel of judges.

The Organizing Committee is empowered to decide all issues that are not within the competence of the referee, judges or other officials, and to give instructions in relation to any cases, in accordance with the rules.

There are two options for staffing the panel of judges:

1) selection of members of the judiciary by the chief judge;

2) appointment of members of the referee team by the presidium of the collegium of judges at the local federation.

Competitors cannot be judges in the same competitions.

Number of judges determined by the organizing organization. It depends on the scale of the competition; at a minimum, the panel of judges (for municipal competitions) must include: chief judge, doctor, secretary, starter, finish judge, swimming technique judge, turn judge, timekeeper judges (according to the number of lanes plus two additional lanes), judge at participants. At the disposal of the panel of judges, the organizing committee allocates a commandant, workers, rescuers, a radio operator, and when using electronic recording and video recording equipment, specialists in its maintenance. When the system of automatic (semi-automatic) recording of time is not used at competitions, the panel of judges must include three timekeepers per lane and an additional two timekeepers.

Referee must supervise and direct all members of the judging panel, approve their appointment and instruct on all special issues or features of the rules related to the competitions. He must resolve all issues that arise during the conduct of the competition, the final settlement of which is not provided for by the rules of the competition. The referee must check the readiness of the panel of judges for the competition and before each swim, having determined his readiness, allow him to give the command “On the start”.

Chief Judge (Competition Director) in preparation for the competition, he must conduct his activities in two directions: to complete the panel of judges for holding competitions and control the state of the sports base, systematically communicating with its management.

Deputy Chief Judges work according to the instructions of the chief judge, and in his absence one of them replaces him.

referee-coordinator must organize and control the interaction of brigades (areas) of the panel of judges and the technical services of the pool. Its main task is to ensure compliance with the regulations (settlement schedule) of the competition.

Starter must set up a platform on the side within 5m of the starting edge of the pool. If an audible signal is used, the system must be checked by it at least 30 minutes before the first swim in order to make any necessary improvements or repairs. The system must be rechecked with the timekeepers before the start of the competition so that the timekeepers can clearly see or hear the start signal and the swimmers can hear it. False start beep should be checked. The main rule when using any sound system is to always have a backup system, usually a pistol. The starter must control the swimmers from the moment they are handed over to him by the referee until the start of the swim. The Starter must immediately report to the Referee all cases of delay by the athletes to start, willful disobedience to his orders or other violations of discipline at the start. However, only the referee can disqualify a swimmer.

The starter has the right to decide whether the start was taken correctly, and this decision can only be overturned by the referee.

When it becomes apparent that it will be difficult to make a correct start due to nervous movements or delay in getting the swimmer into the starting position, the starter should give the command "Stand up!" - in case of starting from the bedside table or “Relax!” - when starting on the back. If any of the swimmers, having heard the command “Get up!”, entered the water, the starter and the referee have the right to remove the swimmer for a false start. It can also serve as a reason for disqualification for a delayed start.

Judge at the false start cord must drop a false start line into the water when a false start signal has been given by the referee or starter and the competitors must be returned to the starting raft.

Senior referee at the finish line must indicate to each judge at the finish line his location and on which lanes he must register arrivals.

After each swim, the senior judge at the finish line must collect signed sheets indicating the order of arrival of swimmers from all judges at the finish line, establish the distribution of places in the swim and hand it over to the referee on the signed referee's form. The judge at the finish line at the end of each heat must record on the sheet the order of arrival of the swimmers on the lanes assigned to him and hand it over to the senior judge at the finish line. A finish judge, unless operating a semi-automatic place recorder, may not be the timekeeper in the same competitions.

Swimming Judges(judging rules are given in section 4 “Technique of sports methods of swimming, starts and turns”) must monitor compliance by swimmers with the requirements established by the competition rules for swimming techniques in the ways in which the swim is conducted, and also control the swimmers’ performance of turns and finish, helping the judges on the turn. It is best for the Technique Judge to carry out their duties by following the swimmer in line or slightly behind. If the swim begins to "stretch", then the judge should take a position slightly ahead of the lagging swimmers. Turning the body will allow the referee to see all the athletes. The referee must develop an algorithm for tracking athletes on lanes, gradually moving from observing the movements of one athlete to observing the movements of an athlete on another lane. The movement of the judge during the swim is the key to error-free refereeing for a judge in swimming technique. It is recommended to appoint two judges, one for each side of the pool, as it is difficult to correctly evaluate swimming technique while standing in the center of the pool.

Chief Turn Judge and Turn Judges. One of the referees at the turn is appointed senior. The chief turn judge must ensure that the turn judges perform their duties during the competition. At the starting end, these duties are entrusted to timekeeper judges.

Turn judges(the rules for performing turns are given in Chapter 4, Techniques of Sports Swimming, Starts and Turns) must ensure that the participants comply with the relevant rules for turning from the beginning of the last stroke with their hands before touching and ending with the completion of the first stroke with their hands after the turn. The timekeepers at the starting end of the pool must also monitor the swimmers' compliance with the relevant rules from the start to the completion of the first arm stroke. Judges at the turn at the finish end of the pool when swimming 50m in a 50m pool must also ensure that the participants finish the course according to the current rules. Each judge at the turn at the starting section of the pool, when judging the distances of 1500 and 800 m, must take into account the number of segments passed by the participant along his lane and show him special digital signs indicating the number of lengths of the pool remaining to the finish line. At the same time, judges in heats at distances of 800 and 1500 m freestyle must give a warning signal (given by a whistle, bell or bell) at the moment when the swimmers on their lanes have two lengths of the pool plus 5 m left to finish. The site must monitor the correctness of the change of stages, determining whether the starter is in contact with the starting block at the moment the previous swimmer touches the finish wall. When automatic equipment is used that determines the moment of take-off-touch in the relay, the testimony of the judge must be taken into account.

Senior referee-timekeeper before the start of the competition, he must organize a check of the accuracy of the stopwatches (for which certificates of verification must be available), then draw up an act on the results of the check, instruct and distribute timekeeper judges along the lanes for which they are responsible, appointing a senior judge on each (with three timekeepers ), and check the ability of timekeepers to work with stopwatches. At major competitions, three timekeepers are assigned to each lane, at other competitions - one. If an automatic registration system is not used, two additional timekeepers must be appointed to record the time of the first swimmer to finish. The senior timekeeper must have a reserve stopwatch on the table, which is switched on at each start signal. The chief timekeeper must record the time recorded by the automatic registration system on the participant card. In the absence of this system, he must collect completed cards with recorded results from the timekeepers, compare these readings with the order of entry (finish sheet) and signal the referee that the timekeepers are ready for the next start. The chief timekeeper must transmit to the secretariat the results of the swimmers, including the results and disqualified competitors.

Judges-timekeepers, each timekeeper must start his stopwatch at the start signal at the moment the starter's flag passes over the shoulder line, the appearance of smoke when the starting pistol is fired or at the sound of the siren and stop it at the moment when the swimmer in his lane completes the distance. In this case, it is necessary to immediately record the stopwatch readings on a card (notebook), presenting, if necessary, the stopwatch for verification to the senior judge-timekeeper. It is possible to reset the stopwatch readings only at the command of the senior judge-timekeeper “Stopwatches to zero!” or, in extreme cases, at the first whistle of the referee (starter). Each judge-timekeeper must record the time of the swimmer on the track indicated to him. Even if there has been a disqualification, the timekeeper must record the time.

In major competitions, if swimming times are recorded manually with stopwatches (manual time), they must be recorded simultaneously by three timekeepers. All stopwatches must be provided with test certificates guaranteeing their accuracy and issued by the appropriate testing authority. Manual time must be recorded to the nearest 0.01 s. Unless an automatic registration system is used, the official manual time should be determined as follows:

• if two of the three stopwatches register the same time and the third result does not match, then the same time shall be the official result;

• if all three stopwatches recorded different times, then the time of the stopwatch with the average result should be considered official;

• when only two of the three stopwatches have run, the official result shall be their average time.

If a participant is disqualified during the swim or after it, this disqualification is noted in the official results protocol, but neither the time nor place of the participant is indicated or announced. In the event of a Relay disqualification, the recorded results of the legs up to the moment of disqualification must be noted in the official result sheet. During the relay races, all results of the 50m and 100m sections for swimmers of the first stages must be recorded and then published in the official results.

At determining results if the competition uses an automatic time recording system, the places and results of the swimmers, as well as the correctness of the change of stages in the relay swimming, determined using this system, take precedence over the results of the timekeepers and the decision of the judges at the finish line. At the moment of the executive command of the starter, the judges-timekeepers turn on the stopwatches and sit down in the places prepared by him. At the same time, the senior judge-timekeeper turns on spare stopwatches. The judge-timekeeper writes down intermediate results for every 50 m or 100 m. When the participants approach the finish line at the end of the distance, the timekeepers stand up, approach the edge of the side, prepare the stopwatch to stop and look vertically down, stop it after the participant touches the finish wall of the pool with their fingertips . At the same time, work is being done to determine the order in which the judges arrive at the finish line. Moving away from the edge of the finish wall, the stopwatch readings are determined and recorded on the athlete’s individual card or memorized for subsequent transfer to the senior timekeeper judge. Having received the cards with the records of the results, the senior timekeeper lays them out according to the results and compares them with the indication of the finish sheet. After making sure that the data matches, he passes the cards to the informing judge, gives the command “Stopwatches to zero” and waves the flag for the starter. In case of discrepancy between the readings of the stopwatches and the order of arrival of the swimmers indicated on the finish sheet, the indications of the judges at the finish line are given preference, and in this case, the readings of the stopwatches are corrected. For example, the judges-timekeepers gave stopwatch readings: 3rd lane - 55.3, 4th lane - 55.4, and the judges at the finish line determined the following order of arrival of the swimmers: first - 4th lane, second - * 3rd track. In this case, the chief timekeeper changes the readings of the stopwatches and corrects them taking into account the indications of the judges at the finish line. He leaves the 4th lane time at 55.4, and changes the 3rd lane time to 55.4 and leaves him second in the heat. The indications of stopwatches also change with one judge-timekeeper on the track.

Judges at the participants must warn the athletes about the start time, prepare the participants of the next swim, checking their names according to the start protocol (participant cards) and the conformity of the appearance of the athletes with the rules of the competition, and lead the participants of the swim to the start place in an organized manner. It is forbidden to change the lane numbers of the swim participants in the cards without the consent of the secretariat.

At small-scale competitions, the chief referee, having received the participants' cards from the secretary, may, at the direction of the chief referee, draw lots at the gathering place of participants. It can be open according to the best results recorded in the card or closed when the cards of the participants in the next swim are mixed and opened only when the track number is written.

informant judge must announce to the participants and spectators the program and procedure for the competition, inform about the results of the competition, introduce the participants to the spectators. In case of disqualification, the informing judge must put down the time of disqualification announcement on the referee's form. The texts of announcements of the judge-informer must be agreed with the referee (chief judge). Without the permission of the referee, the announcer must not make any announcements that are not related to the course of the competition.

In the absence of the judge-coordinator at the competition, the judge-informer must control compliance with the approved rules of the competition.

Award Judge in accordance with the regulations of these competitions, prepares the necessary paraphernalia for awarding and brings the winner and prize-winners of the competition to the podium. The award judges, in accordance with the regulations on these competitions, must prepare the necessary paraphernalia for awarding (flags of the participating teams, diplomas, medals, tokens, etc.), check the readiness of the podium and flagpoles, as well as the necessary phonograms from the radio operator, keep in touch with the secretariat, judge-informant, judge-coordinator, radio operator, commandant. One of the award judges is appointed senior.

Competition Doctor must: participate in the work of the credentials committee, checking the presence of a doctor’s visa on the admission of participants to the competition in personal applications, carry out medical supervision of the participants during the competition, give an opinion on the possibility or impossibility of continuing the competition by the participant in case of injury or illness, ensure the timely provision of medical help, fill out the section of the report on medical support at the end of the competition.

Competition Commandant together with the administration of the sports base is responsible for the timely preparation of competition sites. He must prepare places for participants, judges and spectators, providing them with everything necessary, as directed by the chief judge, and also ensure that work is carried out on the appropriate decoration of the pool. The commandant of the competition is responsible for observing the safety measures for the participants, judges and spectators of the competition.

Chief Secretary, Deputy Chief Secretary and Secretaries must keep minutes of meetings of the panel of judges, prepare all materials and documentation for the competition: accept technical applications, a card file if available, conduct a draw of participants, prepare a start protocol, and when working without cards, receive lists of athletes from team representatives indicating their biggest victories. The secretary shall issue current and final results during the competition and at the end of the competition draw up a technical report on the competition.

After the completion of one-day or longer competitions, a closing ceremony is held (according to the scenario) with the announcement of team results and various awards for personal and team victories.

After the closing of the competition, the panel of judges gathers for a final meeting, at which the chief judge evaluates the work of both individual judges and the panel of judges as a whole.

The work of the chief referee ends with the submission to the organization conducting the competitions of the final protocols and a report with an assessment of their conduct.

For weak swimmers, the competition program should be simplified (for example, the length of the competitive distance is reduced and the ways of swimming are simplified).

When holding children's competitions, it is desirable to comply with the following requirements: start competitions at convenient time days, so that the children after school can safely get to the pool. The program and conditions of the competition should be accessible for this age category of children in order to exclude possible emotional and physical overload. Members of the panel of judges, especially judges at the participants, need to be attentive and more “soft” when communicating with young swimmers.

When holding mass competitions, where the swimming training of participants does not meet the requirements of the sports rules for swimming, competitions must be held according to simplified rules and with a smaller number of judges, but with the obligatory presence of lifeguards. In this case, for weak swimmers, the competition program should be simplified, the length of the competition distance should be reduced, and the requirements for the technique of performing movements should be simplified.

It is necessary to prepare for competitions of all levels in advance and carefully, so that their subsequent holding will result in a real holiday for participants, spectators and all lovers of swimming sports.

More detailed information about the organization of competitions, the duties of members of the judging panel

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Sports-mass competitions allow solving pedagogical, sports-methodical and social tasks. During the competitions, the same pedagogical tasks are solved as in physical culture and sports in general, i.e. improvement of physical, technical, tactical, mental and theoretical readiness.

However, at the same time, all the changes occurring in the body exceed the level characteristic of training sessions. The importance of competitions for the formation of strong-willed character traits is especially great. They also contribute to the development of physical culture and sports in general and allow pedagogical influence on the audience.

Competitions are a bright, emotional spectacle. The pleasure from sports shows arises due to the participation of the spectator in them, who is attracted by the high level of development of motor qualities, the bold and decisive actions of the participants, their high achievements.

If we consider the preparation and holding of competitions as a special event, then we can distinguish the stages of its preparation:

Stage 1 - Organizational and preparatory. At this stage, the following tasks are solved :

a. Deciding on holding competitions, appointing leaders;

b. Definition of goals, objectives of the competition;

in. Drawing up a calendar plan, regulations on competitions;

G. Planning;

d. Determining the budget and resolving the issue of financing;

e. Public statement about the event;

and. Final planning, preparation and organization of the event, distribution of invitations;

h. Arrangement of the venue, installation of equipment;

Preparation for competitions is carried out in advance by the organization that organizes them, and the main panel of judges. The larger the scale of the competition, the more time is needed to prepare for their holding - from 1-2 weeks (competitions in grassroots teams) to 3-4 years (Olympic Games).

Organizational and methodological measures related to the holding of competitions, first of all, include the preparation of a calendar plan for competitions for this type of port. It indicates the name of the competition, the dates and place of their holding and the persons responsible for their organization.

The calendar of sports competitions for each sport is compiled separately. An important condition in the preparation of the calendar plan is the traditional nature of the planned events in terms of time, programs, participating persons. This increases the interest of the competition participants in them, facilitates the organization of the training process, and makes the competition more popular with spectators.

Sports competitions, if they are held regularly, are an incentive for systematic sports.

Thus, the calendar of sports competitions should be compiled in such a way that the planned competitions are diverse in scale, composition of participants and conditions for holding, traditional in terms of timing, composition, and venue.

Another important measure of an organizational and methodological nature is the preparation of a regulation on competitions.

Regulations on competitions - the main document that regulates all the conditions for holding this competition. The Regulations are governed by the organizations holding the competitions, participating teams, captains and representatives of the teams, as well as all participants.

The regulations on competitions cover the following sections:

1. The name of the competition, its nature and sport.

2. Goals and objectives - the main goals of this event and the tasks that reveal their implementation are indicated. This section is one of the main ones, because, based on the goals set, the competition program, conditions, requirements for participants and judges, material and financial support, and environmental requirements are determined.

3. Conducting management - the organizations that carry out general management, and the organization that directly conducts the competition, as well as the organizing committee, the main panel of judges, last name, first name, patronymic, judicial category of the main judge of the competition are indicated.

4. Competitors and requirements for them - the requirements for teams and participants are indicated:

According to the number of team members, including requirements for the gender of participants, the number of substitutes, a representative, a coach (mandatory) and a judge of the corresponding category (if necessary).

By age and sports qualification of participants, according to the requirements for participants in the competition;

5. Dates and venue - specify the exact dates, venue, time of work of the credentials committee.

If necessary, the scheme of the entrance to the competition site is indicated;

6. Conditions for accepting participants - the conditions for accepting teams are indicated. Including living conditions of participants, cooking, environmental and specific requirements.

7. The program of the competition - the program of the competition is indicated by the days and times of the competition, the system of the competition. Additionally, the time of meetings with team representatives, the working hours of various services (credential commission, technical commission, etc.), the opening and closing times of the competitions are indicated.

8. Determination of results - it is indicated that the determination of results is carried out according to the "rules" of the competitions held or other scoring systems in individual or team competitions.

9. Procedure and deadlines for filing applications - the procedure and deadlines for filing preliminary applications, the application form are indicated.

10. Rewarding - the conditions for awarding the winners of the individual and team championships are indicated.

11. The procedure for filing protests and their consideration.

12. Additional terms holding competitions. When developing the regulation, the interests of sports teams and individual athletes are preserved, equal conditions are provided for everyone.

The detail of the presentation of individual points of the provision depends on the scale of the competition. It is necessary to think over and stipulate everything very clearly in the regulation on competitions, in which athletes from different cities take part.

The conditions for admission of teams and individual participants, the size of the team, documents, the presence of which is mandatory for each participant, must be precisely specified.

For the competition, it is necessary to take care of bringing the places, equipment and inventory in full compliance with the established rules, their high quality and the required quantity.

A doctor and other medical personnel are appointed to serve sports competitions in accordance with their type and scale.

The most important document regulating the conduct of competitions and influencing their results are the competition rules for this sport. They regulate the actions of judges and participants, provide for the conditions for identifying winners and, in addition, determine the rules of conduct for an athlete, contain a list of prohibited actions that entail punishment that infringes on the interests of the team. Thus, the athlete who violated the rules is affected not only by the decision of the judge in relation to him personally, but also by the consciousness that the team is suffering damage due to his incorrect actions.

Direct preparation for competitions is carried out in accordance with " organizational plan preparation and holding of competitions”, which provides for control over the course of preparation for competitions, timely staffing of the panel of judges and organization of its work, preparation of the competition venue, informing and involving the population in competitions, organizing medical control over the course of competitions and providing medical assistance to participants. When holding large-scale competitions, special organizing committees are created with certain powers.

Stage 2 - the main one, where the direct competition is carried out. The main tasks of this stage:

a. Official opening competitions;

b. Carrying out of competitions taking into account the drawn up program;

in. Official closing, awarding of winners.

The competition is held by a panel of judges, which is usually completed 2-3 weeks before it starts.

The qualifications of judges must correspond to the significance of the competition. The number of judges in the panel depends on the type of competition, the scale of the competition, the number of participants and the technical equipment of the competition.

The main leader of the competitions, responsible for their conduct is the chief judge.

The main document for participation in competitions is the application for participation of an athlete or team. Applications within the established period are submitted by organizations participating in competitions to the panel of judges or to a specially created mandate commission. Initially, the application is submitted in advance (the deadlines are indicated in the regulations) so that the organizers can estimate the approximate number of participants in the competition. The final application is submitted at the time of registration of all participants in the competition.

At the first meeting of the panel of judges, a draw is held. The draw can be common for all participants or group, in which athletes are divided into several groups depending on qualifications and previous results. During the competition, the organizing committee analyzes the protests of the team representatives and makes final decisions on the issues that have arisen.

Competitions should be a holiday for participants and spectators. Opening and closing of the holiday is recommended to be held in a solemn atmosphere. All speeches at the festival must be accompanied by the host's comments.

It is very important to carefully prepare the solemn ceremony: the opening and closing parade, the solemn part, the awarding of winners, meetings of participants and guests of the competition.

Judges and participants go to the parade in separate columns, teams of participants - in alphabetical order. At the head of each team is a representative of the team, then the coach of the team and the participants: first the girls, then the boys. After the formation, the parade leader gives a report, and the host parade makes a welcoming speech. Then the solemn hoisting of the flag of the competition is carried out and then the organized departure of the participants follows.

At the close of the competition, the teams of participants go to the parade in the order of the places occupied in this competition. The chief referee sums up the results of the competition. There is an awards ceremony for the winners and prize-winners.

Stage 3 is the final stage, at which it is necessary to perform the following work:

a. Collect, put in order and hand over the received inventory and equipment;

b. Put in order all the documentation related to the competition. All technical documentation about competitions (applications, participant cards, start and finish protocols, stage protocols, personal cards of participants, etc.) are filed and stored in the organization holding the event;

in. Replicate the protocols of the competitions and issue (distribute) them for their intended purpose, arrange folders for the representatives with the protocols, competition programs, posters about them, markup samples, participant tickets, etc. Folders should be decorated with emblems of the competitions or postcards with views of the city where they took place;

G. Prepare and submit financial report about the competition. All supporting documents must be attached to the financial report (sheets for the meals of participants, judges, for the payment of service personnel, acts, invoices, receipts, etc.);

e. Turn in and credit unused awards and prizes.

An important factor for a clear organization and holding of competitions is its analysis and summing up in order to take into account shortcomings, mistakes, listen to the wishes of athletes, coaches, judges and other interested parties. When summing up, it is necessary to find out whether the set goals have been achieved and whether the tasks of the event have been fulfilled.