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Ways of obtaining education for professional and career growth. Accepted. Paths to the profession

The path to the profession is called "educational trajectory". It can be direct, when a person after school immediately begins to study the specialty in which he later works. But very often it happens with turns, sometimes quite steep. Here are the most typical options for the path to the profession:

ü School - university or technical school - work in the received specialty (this is a direct educational trajectory).

ü School - secondary specialized educational institution - university (admission to the second or third year) - place of work.

ü School - place of work (with training directly at work) - continuation of education (college, technical school or university) - another place of work.

The first serious choice is faced by young people who have completed the 9th grade of school (who have received the so-called "incomplete secondary education"). Where to go next - to the tenth grade, to a secondary specialized educational institution, or to work right away?

Typically, those who are aiming for higher education continue to study in high school, where they study in depth the subjects that they will need to enter a higher educational institution.

Those who choose secondary specialized education can get it immediately after the 9th grade (then the duration of training is usually 3-4 years, and in parallel with obtaining a profession, school program 10-11 grades) or finish the senior classes of a general education school and enter a technical school or college, studying there in a shorter program (1-2 years). In terms of the level of training received and the total duration of training, these paths are approximately equivalent. In both cases, after receiving a profession, you can work or continue your education at a university. After the 9th grade, you can take a short-term training in a simple profession and start working. But only those who have a certificate of secondary education can enter a university, which can be obtained externally or in an evening school by passing the appropriate exams.

Levels vocational education

In accordance with the Law on Education in Russian Federation”, education in our country is divided into general and professional.

Various educational establishments make it possible to get different levels vocational education.

Levels of Education and Types of Educational Institutions

General education includes three levels: primary general (grades 1-4), basic general (grades 9) and complete general, which was previously called simply secondary (grades 11).

Basic general education is compulsory. It corresponds to 9 classes of school education. A person who has successfully passed the OGE (Compulsory State Examination) and received a certificate of completion of the main general education, can choose - to continue general education, i.e. go to the 10th grade, or start vocational education, i.e. enroll in institutions of primary or secondary vocational education.

Professional education in Russia has three levels in order of advanced training - primary, secondary and higher. And all these steps are designed to solve one main task - to give a person a profession.

Primary and secondary vocational education

Among young people, there are many who want to quickly get a profession and start working, and not spend a few more years after school studying new subjects.

Initial vocational education makes it possible to become a qualified worker in almost any profession of the performing class. Recall that this class of professions is associated with working according to a model, following instructions exactly, and a stereotypical approach to solving problems. As mentioned above, in order to receive an initial vocational education, it is usually enough to have a basic general education (9 classes), although in some cases, for certain professions, a complete general education is required. Usually, initial vocational education can be obtained within 1-2 years.

In the institutions of primary vocational education, not only workers are trained. To acquire qualifications, in-depth general and special knowledge, a different level of professional thinking are needed here. Students also pass tests and exams, write term papers. Graduates are able to independently master new technologies and types of work, grow professionally.

Secondary vocational education can be obtained in schools and technical schools, in courses additional education, where they teach "mass professions" - an accountant, a driver, a seamstress, a waiter, a computer user, etc. On-the-job training can also well provide a profession and employment. The method of preparation differs little from additional education - demonstration, training, reproduction, but the requirements are stricter, the duration and intensity of training are higher.

Secondary vocational education allows you to become a mid-level specialist in most professions of the performing or creative class. Secondary vocational education can be obtained with basic general, complete general or primary vocational education. At the same time, if a person already has a complete general or primary vocational education, then he can receive a secondary vocational education under reduced accelerated programs. In most cases, it is possible to obtain a secondary vocational education within 2-3 years.

Currently, printing, consumer services, construction, production of goods and food products, and instrument making are developing dynamically. Machine operators, millers, and high-level turners are in demand on the labor market.

Main advantage secondary special education- this is an opportunity to get a profession and start working, gaining independence, significantly (3-4 years) faster than when receiving higher education. Secondary specialized education is usually more practice-oriented: students immediately begin to acquire specific labor skills, which they then use in their work, and have many opportunities for practice directly at work. In addition, such education is usually more accessible both for financial reasons and in terms of the fact that it imposes fewer requirements on the preliminary preparation of students, and therefore it is easier to enter educational institutions of this level.

Higher professional education allows you to become a specialist in any profession of the creative class on the basis of the existing complete general or secondary vocational education.

Higher professional education in Russia can be obtained at institutes, academies and universities. According to statistics, there are about 1,180 higher educational institutions in Russia (735 of them have state status) and more than 1,730 branches (1,138 have state status).

Higher educational institutions may have branches, faculties, departments, preparatory departments, research laboratories, postgraduate studies, doctoral studies, educational units vocational education, experimental farms, educational theaters and other units.

In the Russian Federation, two-level higher education was introduced in 2011: bachelor's and master's degrees. In 2003, Russia joined Bologna process aimed at the formation of a unified European educational process.

Russia's accession to the Bologna process gives a new impetus to the modernization of higher professional education, the transition to education High Quality demanded in the labor market. It opens up opportunities for the participation of Russian universities in European projects, and for students and teachers in academic exchanges with universities in European countries. Thus, students are given the opportunity to receive education not only in the university they entered, but also to take separate semesters or courses in other Russian and European universities.

Medical, engineering and military universities have specialty, which allows you to get: qualification (degree) "certified specialist". The term of study is 5 - 5.5 years (on the basis of secondary (complete) general education and on the basis of secondary vocational education). A specialty is a traditional form of Russian higher education.

If you have primary or secondary vocational education, higher vocational education can be obtained under reduced accelerated programs.

In accordance with the established levels, the stages of obtaining higher education can be represented as follows:

Figure 6. Levels of higher education.

Main advantage higher education- its focus on general intellectual development, the formation of culture, professional and general worldview. Universities prepare scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel, future academicians and professors. University education has its own characteristics. First, a student from undergraduate studies scientific work. Secondly, the curriculum at the university is more individual. Thirdly, interdisciplinary courses are practiced that form a scientific worldview and broaden one's horizons.

University graduates have more career prospects than those who have not received higher education. It is necessary for a number of professions, but there are many activities for which it is redundant.

In addition, higher education makes high demands on the psychological characteristics of a person - it is difficult to expect that a lazy, undisciplined and dependent student will become a good student.

In addition to traditional full-time and part-time forms of education, there are distance learning and external studies. Distance education has become possible thanks to the use of Internet technologies. Learning can be asynchronous or synchronous. With the asynchronous method, the student himself determines the pace of the information received. Synchronous learning involves learning in real time. It includes:

ü work with databases or educational CDs in computer classes of institutes or at home,

ü communication with the teacher via e-mail means of communication,

ü Real-time tracking of tasks.

Distance learning is effective in activities related to the development and use of software and hardware for natural sciences.

External study is a state certification of persons who independently study disciplines in accordance with the program. An extern who successfully passed the certification receives a diploma state sample on graduation from the relevant educational institution with the assignment of the appropriate qualification and indication higher education". It was initiated by the Head of the Republic Sholban Kara-ool. In our republic, for a number of reasons, a smaller percentage of people with higher education than the national average.

Tuva is a special republic. More than 85% of its inhabitants are the indigenous population, Tuvans. The main part of them villager. According to statistics, only 20-22% of the total number of employees have a higher education. Approximately half of the republic's population has a poor command of Russian, and this creates additional difficulties in obtaining higher education.

The implementation of the governor's project "In every family - at least one child with a higher education" has become a priority for the Ministry of Education and Science of Tuva for the next few years.

The "Road Map", approved by the order of the Government of the Republic of June 3, 2014, is designed for the period up to 2020. The main attention is paid to the formation of personal motivation among graduates of general education schools and their parents to receive higher education and the creation of conditions for its implementation.

Wherein Special attention It is directed to the admission to universities of children from low-income and dysfunctional families and support for capable and gifted children, preparing them for entering higher educational institutions and further support.

Number of graduates educational institutions Republic in 2014 amounted to 3,319 people. Of this number, 2,284 children, or 67 percent, are from families where there are no children with higher education, including 289 from low-income and dysfunctional families. According to the road map, admission to educational organizations higher professional education in 2014 had to be provided for 1,000 graduates from families without children with higher education, or 45 percent of children. 1,269 graduates, or 55.6 percent of the graduates of this category, entered Russian universities as part of the governor's project.

The monitoring of professional intentions, conducted at the end of last year among 2,880 school graduates in 2015, showed that 2,037 students have a desire to continue their education in universities.

Sh. Kara-ool noted: “The task before us is much broader and is not limited to the educational function. This is the future social well-being of families, increasing the competitiveness of our children. Given the preservation of traditionally strong family relations in the republic, every child who has received a higher education, a profession in demand and has found his place in life will definitely try to bring his relatives to a new educational and social level.”

Right choice profession is a necessary but not sufficient condition for a successful professional career. The next condition is the choice of the path of obtaining a profession. This choice primarily depends on the nature of the profession itself. The preparation of some specialists will take only a few months of training in courses - for example, a layout designer or a web designer. Most salespeople nowadays learn this profession right on the job. There are professions that require several years of training - a doctor, a teacher, an engineer. Oddly enough, there are still young people who are convinced that the profession of an economist, psychologist, or doctor does not require higher education. Perhaps the promises of many educational institutions play a role, which, for a ridiculously short term they promise to give you a diploma from a university or academy, and even an international one. How many of you want to get under the knife of a surgeon who studied by correspondence, according to an accelerated program, and even passed exams for money? What about living in a house designed by a half-educated architect?

Market educational services offers so many high-profile educational institutions that the graduate feels like a shopper surrounded by intrusive salesmen. How to choose the right "product"?

first decide if it is needed at all. Today, the value of most diplomas in the eyes of employers is low. For them, your skills and abilities are more important. According to the Ministry of Labor, more than half of university graduates cannot find a job in their specialty. These are lost years and money thrown to the wind if the training was paid.
inquire about a license to study in the specialty you are interested in. Even branches of large public universities must be licensed. If this university is a branch or department, then it must be mentioned in the license and the Registration Certificate of the parent university with the obligatory indication of the place of activity of the department or branch.
Having familiarized yourself with the license, ask for a certificate of accreditation. If the university cannot present such a certificate, politely say goodbye to those who have achieved a license, but could not confirm it. If you risk contacting an unaccredited university, be prepared to receive a certificate (certificate, diploma of some kind) at the end of the study period. public organization), and not a state diploma recognized in the country.
after making sure that there is a certificate in the desired direction (specialty), take an interest in the results of the employment of its graduates.

There is such a concept - horizontal career". This means not career advancement(positional growth), and professional ( professional growth). You can imagine this in the form of steps: the higher the step, the higher the professional level. All over the world, specialists who have gone through the entire "ladder of excellence" - from the bottom to the top, are most valued. For example, medicine. Which specialist will be valued higher - who entered the institute after school or the one who studied at the medical school before the institute? Of course, the second one. Firstly, he is a specialist of a wider profile, he can do what an ordinary doctor cannot. Secondly, his desire to become a doctor is more conscious and mature. It is no secret that more than half of graduates of higher educational institutions work outside their specialty. Often only because the chosen profession actually looks completely different than it seemed from a distance. Therefore, before you storm higher educational institutions, think about other forms of education - primary or secondary vocational education.

Secondary specialized education can be obtained not only in schools and technical schools, but also in courses, additional education, where they teach "mass professions" - an accountant, driver, seamstress, waiter, computer user, etc. Workplace training can also provide a profession and employment. The method of preparation differs little from additional education - demonstration, training, reproduction, but the requirements are stricter, the duration and intensity of training are higher.

Specialists of working professions are trained in schools. However, in order to acquire qualifications, in-depth general and special knowledge, a different level of professional thinking are already needed here. AT curriculum such educational institutions dozens of two subjects, term papers, tests and exams. The level of their training allows them to master new types of work, grow professionally, follow new technologies. Specialists for performing more complex work, including for managing work teams, are trained by technical schools, where the level of training, volume and intensity independent work above. In this case, the terms of study increase, and admission is carried out according to the results of entrance examinations. In addition to the class-lesson teaching system, there may be lectures, seminars, laboratory work. At work, graduates of technical schools are expected to be independent in decision-making, the ability to lead a work team.

In addition to traditional full-time and part-time forms of education, there are distance learning and external studies. Distance education has become possible thanks to the use of Internet technologies. This is a whole complex of program and pedagogical components designed to transfer knowledge at a distance. Learning can be asynchronous or synchronous. With the asynchronous method, the student himself determines the pace of the information received. Synchronous learning involves learning in real time. It includes:

work with databases or educational CDs in computer classes of institutes or at home,
communication with the teacher through electronic means of communication,
real-time tracking of the correctness of the execution of tasks.

Distance learning is effective in the areas of human activity related to the development and use of software and hardware for natural sciences.

For the implementation of programs of secondary and higher professional education using distance learning technology, it is necessary that the student be enrolled in one of the forms of education provided for by law: full-time, evening, correspondence or external studies.

External study is a state certification of persons who independently study disciplines in accordance with the program. An extern who has successfully passed the current and final state attestation receives a state-recognized diploma of graduation from the relevant educational institution with the assignment of the appropriate qualification and an indication of the specialty.

GOU DPO (advanced training) of specialists "Komi Republican Center vocational guidance youth and psychological support of the population"

Ways to get an education after grade 9

(conversation for 9th grade students of educational institutions based on the materials of the Republican comprehensive program "Contingent - Forecast")

Target: to form an idea of the system of institutions of general and vocational education among graduates of the 9th grade of general educational institutions of the Komi Republic, to assist in the preparation of an individual educational route.

Tasks:

1. To introduce students to the main levels of vocational education.

2. Consider the system of institutions of general and vocational education.

3. To acquaint students with the changes that have taken place in the system of vocational education in the Republic of Komi.

5. Introduce students to the technology of collecting information about educational institutions.

Equipment: scheme "Educational card of the Republic of Kazakhstan".

Conversation flow:

Introduction.

Today, during the conversation, you will get to know educational card of the Komi Republic. You will learn about the main levels of vocational education, educational institutions of vocational education. In addition, learn about the most popular professions and popular educational institutions among graduates of the 9th grade of the academic year.

This knowledge will help you create your own educational route: choose an educational institution to continue your education in the profession you are interested in.

Main part. You know that choosing a profession is an important and responsible matter. When choosing a profession, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors: “I want, I can, I must.” The “want” factor includes: desires, interests, inclinations. Factor "I can": knowledge, abilities, psychological characteristics, health status. The “must” factor: demand in the labor market.

If you have chosen your future profession (taking into account the above factors), then you need to think about what are the possible ways to get it.

The success of professional training determines the success of a person's professional activity in the future. After all, if you have a professional education, it will give you the opportunity to achieve and better job, and higher wages. The presence of professional education allows a person to feel more confident in himself, in his abilities. The higher the level of your professional education, the more opportunities you have to achieve a high position in society, success in your career.

So, what types of education exist in Russia? What kind of education can be obtained after graduation educational institution? What are the levels of professional education?

Education in Russia is divided into general and professional.

General education in Russia includes three levels: primary general (grades 1-4), basic general (9 grades) and secondary (complete) general - 11 grades.

Let us consider in more detail the ways of obtaining education after grade 9.

First way . You can stay at your school and continue your education in 10th grade.

Application for admission, and Required documents you can present in person or send them by registered mail with notice and description of the attachment. When sending documents by registered mail to the application for admission, you must attach a photocopy of an identity document, a duly certified photocopy of a state-recognized document on education. The date of sending the documents must be no later than the date last day acceptance of documents.

When entering institutions of primary vocational education, exams are not required. Admission to institutions of primary vocational education (PU, PL) is carried out on the basis of an interview and a competition of certificates. An interview is a conversation with a representative of the selection committee, during which it is desirable to make him good impression. You must show during the conversation that you want and are ready to master your chosen profession with great zeal. To successfully pass the interview, it is important to prepare answers to the following questions in advance: 1. Why did you choose this particular profession? 2. Tell us about your interests and hobbies, how do they relate to your chosen profession? 3. What do you already know how to do in this profession (tell us about your achievements)? 4. How do you see yourself in the profession in ten years?

In addition to the interview, when selecting applicants for study places, the average score of your certificate will be taken into account. The higher the GPA, the more chances you have to get in. The average score is calculated as follows: all grades in subjects are added up, the resulting amount is divided by the number of subjects. Thus, the better the grades in your certificate, the easier it will be for you to enroll.

Since 2005, the Komi Republic has been undergoing a process of reorganization of the network of educational institutions of vocational education. Institutions of primary vocational education are merging, changing their status in connection with the transition from the category of institutions of primary vocational education to institutions of secondary vocational education, as well as in connection with the merger of institutions of primary vocational education with institutions of secondary vocational education.

So, PU No. 1 and PL No. 35 were merged and reorganized into the Professional Lyceum of Trade and Catering. PL No. 8 was transformed into the Syktyvkar Industrial College, PL No. 36 into the Usinsky Polytechnic College. PU No. 2 and the Syktyvkar Agricultural College were reorganized into the Komi Republican Agro-Industrial College, PU No. 6 and the Syktyvkar college of technology reorganized into the Syktyvkar College of Service and Communications.

It is important to note that in the process of merging primary vocational education (NVE) institutions with secondary vocational education (SVE) institutions, the transition of NVET institutions to the category of SVE institutions, groups with primary vocational education in the newly formed educational institutions have been preserved. Thus, primary vocational education can be obtained not only in vocational schools ah or lyceums, but also in some technical schools and colleges (that is, where there are groups with primary vocational education).

Here is a list of institutions of secondary vocational education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in which there are groups with primary vocational education: Vorkuta College of Service and Trade, Syktyvkar College of Service and Communications, Komi Republican Agro-Industrial College, Pechora Industrial and Economic College, Usinsk Polytechnic College, Syktyvkar Industrial College.

Secondary vocational education can be obtained at colleges and technical schools. sixth way– training in institutions of secondary vocational education. Secondary vocational education (SVE) is aimed at training practitioners. It is implemented according to two main educational programs - basic level and advanced level. After mastering the basic level program, the graduate is awarded the qualifications of "technician", "specialist". An increased level of secondary vocational education provides a deepening or expansion of training compared to the basic level (at the same time, the training period is increased by 1 year) with the qualification "senior technician", "specialist with advanced training".

A technical school (college) and a college are the two main types of educational institutions of the SVE.

The technical school (school) implements the main professional educational programs basic level open source software;

College - the main professional educational programs of SVE of basic and advanced levels.

At present, the vocational education system of the Republic of Komi includes 21 institutions of secondary vocational education (SVE). In total, there are 31 SPO institutions in the Komi Republic, of which 21 SPO are independent legal entities, the rest are branches of USPO and structural units institutions of higher professional education (HPE). Training of specialists in the secondary vocational education system of the Republic of Komi takes place in 78 specialties.

Most institutions of secondary vocational education have agreements with higher educational institutions (institutes, universities). This allows graduates of secondary vocational education institutions to continue their studies at universities in the previously chosen profile.

The first place in terms of preference among graduates of the 9th grade of general educational institutions of the republic is occupied by the Usinsk Polytechnic College, the second place is taken by the Vorkuta Mining and Economic College. In third place is the Syktyvkar Pulp and Paper Technical School. Consequently, the greatest competition will be expected in these educational institutions. You will need to consider fallback options in case you do not pass the competition.

For those of you who plan to continue your studies in the 10th grade and further study at institutions of higher professional education, it is important to consider that in addition to the main variant of the professional plan - admission to a university in a certain specialty, you will need to consider a fallback variant of the professional plan (in case of non-admission ). As a backup option for a professional plan, you can choose institutions of primary or secondary vocational education (NVE, SVE). Studying in these educational institutions allows you to master a profession in demand on the labor market in a short time.

After graduating from institutions of secondary vocational education (technical school, college), you are more likely to get a higher education by enrolling in institutions of higher education under an abbreviated program of the corresponding profile.

seventh way – employment. The results of a sociological study showed that a certain part of graduates plan to immediately find a job after finishing the 9th grade. Boys more often than girls consider the option of employment as the main option for a professional plan. At the same time, it should be noted that this category of young people can only apply for low-skilled and, most often, low-paid work.

In the future, those students who immediately plan to get a job after graduation from school will sooner or later have to think about continuing their education in vocational education institutions, since highly qualified workers and specialists are in demand in the labor market of the Komi Republic. Otherwise, in the future they will join the ranks of the unemployed.

If you have not been able to enroll in any institution of vocational education (PU, PL, technical school, college), you can apply for help in Employment center at the place of residence. The Employment Center will send you according to a quota to study at an institution of primary vocational education in a profession that is in demand on the labor market.

Quota is the guarantee that Employment centers unemployed graduates of educational institutions in order for educational institutions to accept them and provide them with hostels.

Today, city (district) employment centers have 400 quota places for admission to primary vocational education institutions.

We have already said that when choosing a profession, it is necessary to take into account the “must” component - the demand for the profession in the labor market.

Let us dwell in more detail on the professions that graduates of the 9th grade of the Komi Republic prefer. Let's compare the professions preferred by graduates with professions in demand on the labor market.

For boys cities and districts of the republic, the most preferred professions are auto mechanic, computer operator, welder, driller, drilling rig operator, oil and gas production operator. The profession of a computer operator today is not a profession in the full sense of the word due to dynamic changes in the world of information technology. The ability to work on a computer (type texts, make tables, work on the Internet) today is necessary for almost all specialists (psychologist, economist, engineer, etc.). Those who plan to study as a computer operator will have to return to the problem of choosing a profession in the future, since this profession is not in demand on the labor market.

Girls prefer professions: a hairdresser, an accountant, a pastry chef, a nurse, a salesperson, a manager, a teacher. The profession of an accountant, as well as other professions, is in demand in the labor market. However, employers prefer specialists with higher education and work experience. Thus, it can be assumed that graduates of institutions of primary vocational education in the profession of "accountant" will further join the ranks of the unemployed. In the future, they will have to think about the possibility of further continuing their education at a university or learning a new profession.

Today, it is difficult to make predictions about the demand for certain professions in the labor market due to the financial crisis that has arisen. For this period, we can talk about the demand in the labor market for professions in the oil refining and coal industries. Sufficiently high for this period remains the need of the enterprises of the Komi Republic for personnel in construction, transport, and trade.

Among the professions not chosen by ninth graders are the professions of the logging and woodworking industries (driver of logging and skidding machines, operator of lines and installations in woodworking, machine operator in woodworking, etc.). At the same time, these professions are in demand in the labor market. during this period, the need of the enterprises of the Komi Republic for personnel in construction, transport, trade

What will help you when compiling an educational route?

Information about vocational education institutions of the Republic of Komi can be obtained from special guides for applicants to educational institutions, which are published annually with appropriate changes. They provide the most prompt, complete and accurate information about educational institutions, including names, addresses and phone numbers, a list of professions and their descriptions, and admission procedures. Be sure to make your own impression of the educational institution by talking with students or graduates about the quality of education, satisfaction with training. The necessary information can also be obtained by visiting the "Open Days", the websites of educational institutions.

So, you have chosen a profession. In order to decide on the choice of an educational institution, you need to collect all the available information about educational institutions and analyze it. You can follow this action plan:

1. To begin with, study the entire range of schools, lyceums, colleges and technical schools. Find out what professions they train for. In addition, find out if educational institutions conduct admissions for the profession you are interested in on the basis of 9 classes.

Very often, students choose educational institutions that do not provide training on the basis of the 9th grade (basic general education). For example, a certain part of 9th grade graduates plan to enter the Syktyvkar Medical College, but this educational institution does not enroll on the basis of 9th grade.

You can find information about the conditions for admission to educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the official website of the Ministry of Education of the Komi Republic komiedu. en, websites of educational institutions, in GOUDPO Komi Republican Career Guidance Center. Center address: 167981., . You can ask your questions about the conditions for admission to vocational education institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan by sending a request to e-mail: *****@***ru.

And the guys from distant settlements can send their questions to the Komi Republican Career Guidance Center by letter. Be sure to include a self-addressed envelope.

2. Visit "Open days" in the educational institutions you are interested in.

3. Determine the list of the most attractive educational institutions for you, where you can learn the profession you are interested in. Select the most important criterion for choosing an educational institution for you: the availability of admission to an educational institution, the proximity of an educational institution to home, the prestige of an educational institution, the availability of a hostel, an interesting cultural life. Match the criterion you have chosen with the educational institutions you are interested in.

4. Find out when you need to apply, what documents you need to provide and, most importantly, what entrance tests provided in the educational institution.

5. Find out if there are any special requirements for applicants: restrictions on gender, health status, etc.? What conditions does the educational institution provide for training (room, equipment, educational materials), is there a base for an internship?

6. Does the educational institution provide assistance in the employment of graduates?

Conclusion. We hope that the conversation allowed you to orient yourself in the system of institutions of general and vocational education, as well as to outline your own educational route.

Relevance

Preparing a Responsible, Critical Thinker young man one of the most important tasks modern school. Promoting professional self-determination of students in conditions market economy and the development of new highly efficient technologies is of particular importance. The need for informed choice future profession graduates of educational institutions is obvious. Therefore, the main goal of a technology teacher in studying this section is to create conditions for the formation of students' need for self-determination, acquaintance with the world of professions, types of vocational education and types of educational institutions. This will help students to realize their capabilities, interests, preferences and teach them to correlate their personal qualities with the requirements of a particular profession, which in turn will contribute to the professional self-determination of students, that is, the formation of an individual's attitude towards himself as a subject of future professional activity. In addition, the most important task of the teacher when studying this section is to help the teenager in building his individual educational trajectory, that is, in choosing the option of continuing education after graduating from basic school.

Theme of the lesson: "Professional education".

Type of lesson: Lesson of mastering knowledge, skills and abilities.

The organizational form of the lesson: the joint work of the teacher and students with the implementation practical tasks on the interactive Panaboard.

Teaching methods: verbal (story, conversation); visual (slide show, organization of work on an interactive whiteboard); practical (performance of practical tasks); methods of stimulation and motivation (actualization of knowledge, appeal to the life experience of students); critical thinking technique.

Didactic teaching aids: technology textbook, excerpts from regulatory documents, extracts from printed sources, educational computer presentations, work with an interactive whiteboard.

After studying this topic, students should:

definitions of the concepts “vocational training”, “initial vocational education, “secondary vocational education”, “higher vocational education”, “postgraduate professional education”, “postgraduate studies”, “residency”, “adjuncture”, “doctoral studies”, “educational services market ”;
features of the regional market of educational services;
sources of information about the market of educational services.

explain features various forms training in obtaining vocational education;
to prove the advantages of various forms of education depending on specific living conditions;
find and analyze information about educational services provided by various educational institutions.

The goals of the teacher.

To update and summarize the existing knowledge of students on the topic of this lesson.
Lead students to the definition of the concepts of “vocational training”, “initial vocational education, “secondary vocational education”, “higher vocational education”, “postgraduate professional education”, “postgraduate study”, “residency”, “adjuncture”, “doctoral studies”, “ market of educational services”.
To acquaint students with the types and forms of vocational education.
Introduce students to various types sources of information about the market of educational services.
To teach students to analyze information about educational services provided by various educational institutions.
Organize research activities students to study the regional market of educational services.
To teach students to justify the choice of the type of educational institution and the form of education in accordance with the individual educational request in specific life situations.

Basic concepts:

types of vocational education;
forms of obtaining vocational education;
types of educational institutions;
professional training;
initial vocational education;
secondary vocational education;
higher professional education;
postgraduate professional education labor market;
postgraduate studies;
residency;
adjuncture;
doctoral studies;
market of educational services.

I. Types of professional education

Since in the previous lesson, students received a leading homework to collect as much information as possible about the institution of vocational education in which they would like to get a profession after graduation, the lesson should begin with its analysis.

In order to bring high school students to the study of new material, the teacher can ask them the following questions:

What is the first thing you need to get a job?

How is vocational education different from general education?

How are the educational institutions you listed different from each other?

Then he, together with the students, draws conclusions:

In order to get a particular profession, first of all, you need an appropriate education;

General education sets the task of forming a general culture of the individual, its adaptation to life in society, creating the basis for a conscious choice and development of professional educational programs;

Vocational education aims Professional Development personality.

The stages of higher professional education in Russia are as follows: 1) higher professional education - the qualification "master" and "certified specialist" is awarded; 2) basic higher professional education - qualification "bachelor". The education of persons who have not completed their studies in the main program of higher professional education, but who have successfully passed intermediate certification (for at least three years of study), is recognized as incomplete higher professional education and is confirmed by an appropriate document.

To check the assimilation of this material, it is advisable to perform a pre-prepared task, with the help of which students once again get the opportunity to correlate the levels of vocational education and types of educational institutions.

Establish a correspondence between the levels of vocational education and the types of educational institutions. Using drag and drop, place them correctly in the table.

II. Market of educational services

The teacher invites students to make their own definition of the concept of "educational services market". In this case, the so-called “linguistic constructor” is used. Words and phrases cannot be used twice. Students can add prepositions, change words by case.

Population

Educational services

Suggested

Educational institutions

defined territory

The market of educational services is a system of educational services offered by educational institutions to the population in a certain territory.

III. Individual educational trajectory

Conversation on:

What education is required to become a carpenter?

Where would you go if you decide to become a nurse?

What educational institution do you need to graduate from to become a doctor?

After discussion, students should come to the conclusion that different professions, different qualifications require education at different levels, that is, to obtain some professions (carpenter), it is enough to graduate from a vocational school, and to obtain the profession of a doctor, it is necessary to study at a higher educational institution (institute, university, academy).

Students are invited to draw up schemes for obtaining vocational education for the situations proposed above, using the elements presented on the interactive whiteboard.

For consolidation of the studied material the teacher asks students to analyze the options for obtaining vocational education, based on specific life situations, as well as the characteristics and aspirations of an individual graduate. To help students cope with the task, he asks them the following questions:

If a person dreams of being a scientist, which way of getting a professional education is he most likely to choose?

What path should a person take who dreams of becoming a truck driver?

If a person dreams of becoming a doctor, but doubts his own abilities, what path of education would you advise him to choose?

The teacher asks to accompany the answers to these questions by drawing up diagrams on an interactive whiteboard. Thus, high school students build an educational trajectory for people in the proposed situational tasks.

Homework.

The teacher gives the students the following task:

“Consider several options for obtaining your professional education and analyze them, identifying the pros and cons of each. Indicate which of the options you consider optimal and justify your choice.

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Tasks: to collect and analyze information on possible ways of obtaining a profession and on the conditions for admission; get to know schools.

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Stages: 1. Find out the ways of getting a profession. 2. Collect information about educational institutions. 3. Identify the conditions for admission.

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Primary vocational education - specialists of working professions are trained in vocational schools and vocational lyceums.

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Secondary vocational education - specialists are trained to perform more complex work, they are trained in technical schools, colleges

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Higher professional education - specialists with higher education are trained in universities - institutes, universities, academies, conservatories

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Admission conditions Primary vocational education Secondary vocational education Higher vocational education On the basis of grades 9-11 On a free basis Based on the results of interviews Competition of certificates On the basis of grades 9-11 To budget groups, based on commercial basis, by targeted admission According to the results of exams Based on 11 classes, vocational schools, lyceums In budgetary on a commercial basis, according to targeted admission According to the results of exams

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Tips for future applicants Choose a few schools with a profession that interests you. If possible, visit these institutions (it is better to do this in advance, for example, at “Open Days” that educational institutions hold in the spring). Ask all your questions to the members of the admissions committee. Specify how admission is carried out, whether education is free, find out about competitions and passing scores of previous years, find out how realistic it is to find a job after studying. Talk to your friends who may be studying in these educational institutions. Evaluate your chances of admission and consider a fallback: it could be another specialty of this institution or a similar specialty in another university, technical school or college, etc.

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how many years they exist; - whether the wishes of the students regarding the time of classes are taken into account; - whether intermediate control of knowledge is carried out; - how many people are in the group; - are there free teaching aids and materials;

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Information about vocational education institutions located on the territory of the city of Surgut

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-State educational institution of higher professional education "Surgut State University Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. Surgut, st. Lenina, 1 tel.: 76-29-00, fax: 76-29-29 [email protected] Rector Kosenok Sergey Mikhailovich - State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra "Surgut State Pedagogical University", Surgut, st. 50 years of VLKSM, 10/2 tel.: 31-94-34, fax: 31-94-38 [email protected] Rector Konoplina Nadezhda Vasilievna - Non-state educational institution of higher professional education Surgut Institute of World Economy and Business "Planet" Surgut, st. Mira, 34/3 tel.: 32-60-28, fax: 32-67-99 [email protected] Rector Meister Viktor Arkadyevich - Surgut Institute of Oil and Gas (branch) of the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Tyumen State Oil and Gas University" Surgut, st. Entuziastov, 38 tel./fax: 35-25-88 [email protected] Director Bakharev Mikhail Samoylovich

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- Branch of the state educational institution of higher professional education "Russian State Social University" in Surgut, Surgut, st. 30 years of Victory, 19 tel.: 23-92-93 [email protected] Director Zhukova Valentina Fedorovna - Branch of the state educational institution of higher professional education "Tyumen State University" in Surgut Surgut, st. Working, 43/1 tel.: 24-95-28, fax: 50-19-14 [email protected] Head Patrakova Galina Vasilievna - Surgut branch of the Omsk State technical university Surgut, st. Energetikov, 18 tel.: 50-35-10, fax: 50-35-11 [email protected] Director Merkushev Evgeny Nikolaevich - Surgut branch of the state educational institution of higher professional education "Siberian State Automobile and Road Academy (SibADI)", Surgut, Liberty Boulevard, 4/1 tel./fax: 51-62-44, [email protected] Director Kolomeytseva Lyudmila Ivanovna

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- Branch of Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics in Surgut Surgut, st. Chekhov, 10/2 tel.: 52-57-80, [email protected] Director Shelupanov Alexander Alexandrovich Surgut branch of the non-state educational institution of higher professional education MOSCOW ACADEMY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP under the Government of Moscow Surgut, st. 50 years of the Komsomol, 1, tel.: 37-51-96, [email protected] Director Kleymenova Natalya Anatolyevna Branch of the non-state educational institution of higher professional education "Capital Academy of Finance and Humanities" in Surgut, Surgut, st. 30 years of Victory, 21/1, 2nd floor, tel./fax: 50-31-14, [email protected]. Director Parfenova Svetlana Alekseevna -

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-Autonomous institution secondary vocational education of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra "Surgut Professional College" Surgut, st. Mayakovsky, 41 tel./fax: 31-90-30, [email protected] Director Shutov Vadim Nikolaevich - Surgut Oil College - branch of the state educational institution of higher professional education "Ugra State University" Surgut, st. Kukuevitzkogo, 3 tel.: 45-75-91, fax: 45-76-11 [email protected] Director Dzhabrailov Lechi Mahmudovich - State-financed organization secondary vocational education "Surgut Medical School", Surgut, tel./fax: 26-72-28, [email protected] Director Prokhorova Tatyana Pavlovna - Budgetary institution of secondary vocational education of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra "Surgut Art and Industrial College" Surgut, st. Engels, 7 tel.: 28-76-65, fax: 28-78-11 [email protected] Director Chagalidze Nodari Akhmedovich

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- Budgetary institution of secondary vocational education of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra "Surgut Art and Industry College" Surgut, st. Engels, 7 tel.: 28-76-65, fax: 28-78-11 [email protected] Director Chagalidze Nodari Akhmedovich - Budgetary institution of secondary vocational education of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra "College of Russian Culture. A.S. Znamensky, Surgut, st. Energetikov, 49/1 tel./fax: 24-89-99, [email protected] Director Lonshakova Ekaterina Vladimirovna - Budgetary institution of secondary vocational education of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra "Surgut College of Music", Surgut, st. Enthusiastov, 28, tel./fax: 45-74-97, tel.: 35-22-48 [email protected], Director Andrey Vilyavin - Autonomous educational institution of secondary vocational education "Tyumen Trade and Economic College" Surgut branch Surgut, st. Bahilova, 2a, tel./fax: 32-29-55, Head Dzhuzhuev Fuad Raufovich

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- Branch of the state educational institution of secondary vocational education "St. Petersburg Industrial and Economic College" in Surgut, Surgut, st. 30 years of Victory, 39/1, tel./fax: 22-02-73, [email protected], Director Nemytchenko Alevtina Pavlovna - Surgut branch of the Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Vocational Education "Zlatoust Trade and Economic College", Surgut, st. Chekhov 10/2, tel./fax: 34-42-43 [email protected], Director Sterlyadova Nina Pavlovna - Branch of the Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary Vocational Education "Samara Energy College" in Surgut, Surgut, Kedrovy village, tel./fax: 76-40-94 [email protected], Head Petrov Valery Nikolaevich - Surgut branch of the state educational institution of secondary vocational education "Ivanovo Energy College" Surgut, Kedrovy village, tel.: 76-40-94, fax: 76-92-58, Head Salnikova Irina Vasilievna

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http://www.proforientator.ru/ On the site you can see tips for beginners on choosing a profession, what affects the choice of a profession, what mistakes are made when choosing a profession. In addition, there is a dictionary and descriptions of professions, ratings of professions: popular specialties, the most profitable professions, the best universities in Moscow and Russia. In addition to information for students, there are interesting articles for their parents. http://profguide.ru/ Professions guide. The site has career guidance tests, psychologist's consultations, recommended literature for children and their parents, information about the Unified State Exam. http://www.mmpi.ru/proftest/proforientacia_test.htm This is a site of various testing methods for vocational guidance: the Szondi test, the M. Luscher test, the Yovaishi method, etc. The site only describes the methods, test kits can be ordered here. http://psimaster.ru/prof Your personal psychologist on the Internet. The site contains a collection of videos. Profession choice strategy - videos are devoted to the career guidance of schoolchildren, the meaningfulness of their choice of a future profession, the guidelines by which this choice is made. Career guidance video discussion - How to choose a profession? What should you pay attention to first of all? How do you start enjoying what you do? In the program "Delu Vremya" a view of socionics on vocational guidance is presented. http://www.edu.ru/abitur/act.15/index.php The site provides information about what career guidance is, popular Internet resources on career guidance, a lot of information for applicants: educational institutions, admission conditions, etc. d. http://www.anombt.ru/proforientaciya/ The right choice is career guidance consultations. steps of self-determination. Recommendations for teenagers choosing a profession. Start your professional career today!

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