Scientific notes of the Russian State Social University (vac-journal). Scientific notes of the Russian State Social University Rgsu scientific notes
List of scientific academic journals by specialty 22.00.00 - Sociological sciences with descriptions and information and by cities of Russia and abroad in alphabetical order.
St. Petersburg. 12
Arkhangelsk. fourteen
Barnaul. fourteen
Belgorod. fifteen
Volgograd. fifteen
Voronezh.. 16
Yekaterinburg. 17
Ivanovo. eighteen
Kazan. 19
Kaliningrad. 19
Krasnodar. twenty
Krasnoyarsk. 21
Maykop. 21
Find. 22
Nizhny Novgorod. 22
Novosibirsk. 23
Novocherkassk. 24
Pyatigorsk. 27
Rostov-on-Don. 27
Samara. 28
Saransk. 29
Saratov. 29
Smolensk. thirty
Stavropol. 31
Surgut. 31
Tambov. 31
Tyumen. 33
Ulan-Ude. 33
Khabarovsk. 35
Chelyabinsk. 35
Yaroslavl. 36
Moscow
World of Russia (VAK-magazine)
The journal "World of Russia" is included in the List of the Higher Attestation Commission. Issued quarterly. A feature of the journal is the periodic preparation of thematic issues: the social structure of Russian society, social institutions and processes, demography, social policy, ethnography.
Moscow,
change to tone mode (*) 41-93 Email address: *****@***ru
www:http://www. /
Scientific notes of the Russian State Social University (VAK-journal)
The journal "Scientific Notes of the Russian State Social University" is included in the List of the Higher Attestation Commission on philosophy, sociology, cultural studies, history, political science, philology, pedagogy, psychology, and economics. Moscow, RSSU
Phone / fax: +7, Mon, Fri from 12 to 16.
e-mail: *****@***ru
www: http:///science/magazine/
Scientific-theoretical and analytical journal "Management of the metropolis" (VAK-journal)
The Megapolis Management journal is included in the VAK List. Published 6 times a year. Preference is given to articles and materials of a conceptual, problematic nature, High Quality raising socially significant management issues in various subject areas - politics, economics, culture, social sphere, geopolitics, history, etc. in relation to such social phenomena as megacities.
The range of published materials includes: sociological sciences, political sciences, economic sciences, historical sciences, legal sciences, philosophical sciences, as well as cultural studies.
Moscow, first deputy Chief Editor, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor
Editorial phone:
Contact number -
Bulletin of the University (State University of Management) (VAK-journal)
In VAK-magazine " Bulletin of the University"theoretical and scientific-methodical developments are published in the following areas:
Social and Human Sciences (Economics);
Pedagogy and psychology, theory and teaching methods;
Sociology;
History and political science;
Legal Sciences.
Periodicity: 1 per half year
Contacts:
Tel/Fax:(4,
Address: Moscow, Ryazansky prospect, 99 Publishing house GOUVPO "GUU"
E-mail: *****@***ru
Journal web page: www. /info. php? id=2336
Public service (VAK-magazine)
In VAK-magazine " public service"theoretical and practical problems are considered public service, personnel policy, interaction between federal and regional authorities, formation positive image civil servant.
The editorial board accepts articles providing the defense of dissertation research for the degree of doctor and candidate of sciences in the areas indicated in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation: - political science,
- philosophy,
- sociology,
- cultural studies,
- economy,
- story,
- pedagogy,
- psychology,
- right.
Since the journal is specialized, the editors expect from the material a pronounced focus on current issues of public service, state and municipal administration.
6 issues of the journal are published per year.
Journal web page: www. /public/gossluzhba/, add. website: www. mgs. /
Editorial address: Moscow, Prospekt Vernadskogo, d.84
e-mail: *****@***
Executive secretary of the journal "Public Service"
II educational building, room 3117
E-mail: *****@***
Higher education in Russia (VAK-magazine)
Magazine " Higher education in Russia"is included in the list of peer-reviewed publications recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission for publishing the results of scientific research in the following areas:
philosophy, sociology and cultural studies;
pedagogy and psychology;
story.
Journal website: www. /
Editorial
103045 Moscow, metro station "Sukharevskaya" st. Sadovaya-Spasskaya, 6, office 201
tel./fax: Tel.(4
e-mail: *****@***ru ; *****@***en
Higher education today (VAK-magazine)
Monthly scientific and professional journal " Higher education today"- a peer-reviewed publication of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia in the field of pedagogy, psychology and sociology.
Journal website: www. /j_vos. htm, add. website: www. today. org/
Tel.: (4, 8(9, (9, (495)
Fax: (4
Email:
*****@***ru, *****@***ru
Address: bldg. 31, office 305
Psychology. Sociology. Pedagogy
The editors of the magazine " Psychology. Sociology. Pedagogy» accepts publications on sociological, psychological and pedagogical sciences.
Release frequency: 12 times/year
Journal website: www. journal. /index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=17&Itemid=7
Publisher Address"INGN" (LLC): 117098
tel. 8 (4
Email:*****@***en
Human capital (VAK-magazine)
Multidisciplinary scientific and practical VAK-journal " Human capital" was established to publish the main scientific results of dissertations for the degree of doctor and candidate of sciences in stories, cultural studies, pedagogy, psychology, political science, sociology, philology, philosophy, economy and legal sciences.
The purpose of the journal is to meet the needs of the individual and society in scientific information about topical issues of innovation social evolution, focusing on systems approach, an interdisciplinary synthesis of knowledge, technology and productive practice for their effective solution.
Published 6 times a year.
Journal web page: www. /science/magazine
Publisher: Russian State Social University
Editorial address: Moscow, Losinoostrovskaya st., 24, office 325.
Tel. +7 , +7
Email: *****@***ru
Labor and social relations (VAK-magazine)
"Labor and social relations"- scientific VAK-journal of the Academy of Labor and social relations.
The topics of speeches are the whole variety of labor and social relations in Russian Federation, their theory, history, practice, legal and legislative issues, financial and credit, banking, auditing, economic and social production problems in organizations (enterprises, firms) of all forms of ownership, as well as the position of trade unions in modern Russian society and the CIS countries.
Published quarterly.
App is released Applicant(non-VAK) - prints creative developments of graduate and doctoral students. Published 4-5 times a year.
Journal web page: http://. en/
Editorial address: Moscow, Tel./Fax: ;
E-mail: *****@***ru
Sociology: methodology, methods, mathematical modeling (VAK-journal)
The focus of the magazine " Sociology: methodology, methods, mathematical modeling"makes it a unique specialized publication devoted to the problems of methodology and methods of sociological research, the collection, measurement and analysis of sociological data, the construction of mathematical models of social processes.
The journal is included in the list of leading journals recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for the publication of scientific results.
Comes out twice a year.
Web page of the journal: www. /4M. html
Address: 117218 Moscow, /35 building 5
Editorial phone: (4Fax: (4
Email: *****@***com
Sociology (VAK-journal)
"Sociology"- VAK-journal of the Russian Sociological Association.
Journal web page: http://journal. socio. /
Editorial address: Moscow, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow State University. , Faculty of Sociology , 3rd academic building
f/
Modern Europe (VAK-magazine)
VAK-magazine " Modern Europe"acquaints readers with politics, economics, social problems, culture and religious life of European countries.
Quarterly magazine.
Journal website: www. /mag_j. htm
Contacts
Institute of Europe RAS 11-3V, Mokhovaya st., Moscow, 125993
Tel: ,Fax:(4
E-mail: *****@***ru *****@***ru
Russia and the modern world (VAK-magazine)
VAK-magazine profile " Russia and the modern world"- an analysis of the problems of the present, past and future of Russia in their relationship with modern global and regional problems.
The magazine is published 4 times a year
Journal website: www. /russian. php add. website: www. /product/main. htm
The journal is published on the basis of INION RAS, its address: 117418 Moscow, Nakhimovsky prospect, 51/21. The editors of the magazine "Russia and the modern world".
Tel.: (499). Fax: (4
E-mail: *****@***ru
Sociology of education (VAK-journal)
Magazine " Sociology of Education" is included by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the list of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the degree of candidate and doctor of science should be published. Recommended by an expert council for sociology and philosophy.
The periodicity of the journal is 12 times a year.
Journal web page: www. edit. /content/mags_soc. htm
Editorial address: Moscow, st. Nizhegorodskaya, 32, bldg. 6, room 209 SSU Publishing House
Tel.: (4add. 31-79
Email: *****@***ru
Problems of Management / Control Sciences (VAK-journal)
Magazine " Management Problems/Control Sciences" is included in the list of VAK ("List of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications in which the main scientific results of a dissertation for the degree of Doctor and Candidate of Science" should be published).
The journal is addressed to a wide range of specialists whose work and interests are related to management issues in technical, organizational, socio-economic, environmental and biomedical systems, developers of control systems and automation tools.
Journal website: http://pu. /
Contact Information
Editorial address: GSP-7, Moscow, st. Profsoyuznaya, 65, room 408-410. T
Tel./fax (4 local, 1-410.
E-mail: *****@***ru
Socio-political sciences
In the magazine " Socio-political sciences» are considered topical issues political socialization in modern Russia and in the world; formation of national-state identity in Russia; history of socio-political doctrines; political psychology.
The journal publishes, first of all, the scientific works of authors who have prepared doctoral and candidate dissertations for defense. sociological, political, historical and philosophical sciences, theory and history of law.
Journal website: www.
Contact information of the Publishing House "Media-VAK":
CEO -
Phone: , 4-06
E-mail: *****@***ru
Odysseus: A Man in History (VAK-magazine)
Scientific VAK-almanac " Odysseus" is published by the Center for Historical and Cultural Anthropology of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
The main direction of the almanac is history; articles are also published on other humanitarian disciplines: philology, art history, semiotics, sociology, ethnology, which help to comprehend the multidimensionality of historical reality and the sources that capture it. Special attention The publication focuses on self-reflection of the humanities: methodological problems of history and related disciplines, as well as the history of the humanities, especially domestic ones.
Periodical (annual) publication.
Journal website: www. odysseus. /
Address for sending the electronic version: *****@***ru
Moscow, Leninsky prospect, 32/1, room. 1418
Tel: (4
Society and Economics (VAK-magazine)
International scientific and socio-political VAK-journal " Society and economy».
The profile of the journal is interdisciplinary, it covers the problems of economics, sociology, social psychology, political science and those areas of jurisprudence that are associated with the regulation economic activity and social sphere.
Published 12 times a year.
Website webpage: www. /economics. php
Journal editorial address: 101000 Moscow, Malaya Lubyanka, 16/4, entrance 3
Contacts: (t/f); 928-8t/f);
Email: *****@***; *****@***ru
Observatory of Culture (VAK-magazine)
Magazine " Observatory of Culture” is included in the “List of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the degree of candidate and doctor of science should be published.”
The publication is recommended by the Expert Council on philosophy, sociology and cultural studies and the Expert Council for philology and art history.
Journal web page: http://infoculture. /NIKLib/home/resr/r_resr-jok. htm
Editorial address: /5
Reference:
Tel/Fax: +7 (4, (4
e-mail: *****@***ru *****@***ru *****@***ru
Social psychology and society
Magazine " Social psychology and society | Social Psychology and Society»publishes the most relevant socio-psychological works of theoretical, experimental and practical-applied nature of Russian and foreign specialists. The main topics of the journal are devoted to the problems of interaction and mutual influence in the system "personality - group - society". The publication is addressed to research psychologists, practicing psychologists, teachers of psychology, as well as to all those who are interested in issues of social psychology.
The release frequency is once a quarter.
Journal web page: http:///social_psy/index. shtm
Editorial contacts
127051 Russia, Moscow st. Sretenka, 29, room. 207 MGPPU
Phone: +7 (4
E-mail: *****@***ru
Scientific information-analytical, cultural and educational journal "State, Religion, Church in Russia and Abroad" (VAK-journal)
Magazine " State, religion, church in Russia and abroad" is included in the list of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications of the Higher Attestation Commission of Russia.
A practice-oriented publication with a scientific and theoretical appendix " Questions of religion and religious studies"and historical and archeographic application" Heritage».
The subject matter of the journal covers branches not only of philosophical and historical sciences, but also related ones - legal, political science, sociological, cultural, philological and art criticism.
Journal web page: http://religio. /journal/ add. website: www. /node/2268/
Contacts
Address: Russia, Moscow, pr-t Vernadskogo, 84, room. 2239, 2241
Phones: (4
E-mail: *****@***ru *****@***
Scientific and socio-political journal "Sociology of power" (VAK-journal)
By the decision of the Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, the journal " Sociology of power" is included in the list of leading peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications in which the main scientific results of the dissertation for the degree of doctor and candidate of science in sociology, political science, philosophy, cultural studies, law, psychology should be published.
Published 8 times a year
Website webpage: www. /node/537/
Editorial address: 119606 Moscow, Vernadsky Avenue, 84.
federal state educational institution higher professional education "Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation", II educational building, room. 2014 Feedback
Email: soc. *****@***
Contact numbers: (4
Fax: (4
Scientific review (VAK-journal)
VAK-magazine " Scientific Review".
Series 1 Economics and Law
Episode 2 Humanities
Journal website: www. /
Editorial address: Moscow, st. Rogova, building 3, building 5;
Actual address: Moscow, Donskaya st., 32
tel.:(4;(4
Email: *****@***ru
Personality. Culture. Society (VAK-magazine)
Magazine " Personality. Culture. Society"is included in the list of peer-reviewed journals recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation for the publication of works by applicants for the degree of candidate and doctor of science.
Journal web page: www. /
Editorial address: 119991. Moscow, st. Volkhonka, 14/1, building 5. Institute of Philosophy RAS. Com. 206. Journal “Personality. Culture. Society".
Phone fax: +7 (40.00-14.30), +7 (9
E-mail editors: *****@***ru
Chief Editor - Doctor of Philosophy n., prof.
E-mail: *****@***ru
Chief Editor- Dr. Philos. n., prof.
E-mail: *****@***ru, *****@***ru
Managing editor - Doctor of Philological Sciences.
E-mail: *****@***ru
Age of globalization
Magazine " Age of globalization" is intended to play an integrating role in the field of global studies.
Comes out 2 times a year.
Web page of the journal: www. /journal/vg/
Contacts:
Moscow, st. Volkhonka, d. 14, k. 102, Presidium of the RFO.
Tel. (four
E-mail: *****@***
Journal of Economic Sociology ( electronic journal) (VAK-magazine)
"economic sociology"- electronic VAK-magazine. The magazine is published once every two months (except for the "dead season", which falls on July-August). Issues are published in January, March, May, September and November.
Journal web page: http://ecsoc. /
Contacts
Editorial address: 0 State University - Higher School of Economics, office. 401
Tel: (4, (4
Fax: (4
Chief editor - : *****@***ru
Editorial staff - : *****@***ru
E-mail Editors - *****@***ru
Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series Sociology (VAK-journal)
Web page series: " Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series Sociology": /?pagec=616
Address of the editorial board of the series "Sociology":
Department of Sociology, st. Miklukho-Maklaya, 10/2, Moscow, Russia, 117198
Phone: ; e-mail: *****@***ru
Editorial address: Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, st. Ordzhonikidze 3, GSP - 1, Moscow, Russia 117923 tel./E-mail: *****@***ru
Bulletin of the Russian State University of Trade and Economics (VAK-journal)
VAK-magazine " Bulletin of the Russian State Trade and Economic University»
The journal contains the following headings:
Economy
Trade
Management and marketing
Society, law and state
Education and science
The magazine is published monthly
Web page of the publication: http:///science/Vestnik/default. aspx
Editorial address: 6, cab. 213.
Tel-83
E-mail: *****@***ru
Bulletin of the Russian State Humanitarian University (VAK-journal)
Series VAKovsky " Bulletin of the Russian State Humanitarian University» correspond to the main areas of scientific activity of the university: historical sciences; documentary, document science, archiving; economic sciences; control; legal sciences; computer science, information security, mathematics; philosophy and sociology; philological sciences; linguistics; journalism, literary criticism; cultural studies, art history, museology; psychological sciences; political science, socio-communicative sciences; international relations, regional studies.
Journal web page: http://rggu-bulletin. /
For publication inquiries, please contact editors Elena Evgenievna Zhigarina, responsible. Secretary Boris Grigoryevich Vlasov: Tel-72. email: *****@***ru
Bulletin of Moscow state university culture and arts (VAK-magazine)
Science Magazine " Bulletin of the Moscow State University of Culture and Arts» included by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation in the list of leading scientific journals and publications published in the Russian Federation, which publish the main scientific results of dissertations for the degree of Doctor and Candidate of Sciences in pedagogy and psychology; art history; in philosophy, sociology and cultural studies; in Economics.
Journal web page: www. /science/nizd/526-0
Editorial address Location: Moscow region, Khimki-6, st. Library, d. 7, k. 2, room. 325, E-mail: *****@***ru
social policy and social partnership(VAK-magazine)
The journal is included in the VAK List. Headings of the journal "Social Policy and Social Partnership":
"News from RTK"
"Tripartism: Contradictions, Experience, Suggestions"
"Social development: forecasts, opinions, recommendations"
"Social priorities and social sectors"
"Russian regions and municipalities"
Moscow, publishing house "Panorama"
The article is sent to in electronic format by e-mail address: *****@***ru
Contacts: ,
E-mail: *****@***
Tel.(4;
Tel. / fax (4
www: http:///journals/sptripartizm/
Knowledge. Understanding. Skill (VAK-magazine)
Magazine “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill" is included in the VAK List in the specialties of pedagogy, psychology, philology, art criticism, philosophy, sociology and cultural studies.
Moscow, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research
Editorial staff: , Candidate of Political Sciences (Executive Secretary: *****@***ru) Tel.: (4
The article should be sent electronically to the addresses: *****@***com, *****@***ru (sent to both addresses at once) - to the executive secretary of the ZPU journal Grigory Yuryevich Kanarsh.
www:http://www. /zpu/
Social policy and sociology (VAK-journal)
The journal is included in the List of the Higher Attestation Commission for the publication of the main scientific results of dissertations for the degree of doctor and candidate of sciences in philosophy, sociology, cultural studies, pedagogy, psychology, economics and political science.
The journal "Social Policy and Sociology" covers acute topical problems with an emphasis on sociological interpretation, which is also aimed at finding an interdisciplinary synthesis in solving issues of a theoretical, methodological and applied nature.
Moscow, RSSU
Tel/fax: +7, Mon, Fri from 12 to 16.
e-mail: *****@***ru
www:http://www. /science/magazine/
The journal is included in the VAK List. Frequency - 11 issues per year. In the pages of a magazine Alma mater (Bulletin of the Higher School)" publishes original and translated scientific articles on philosophy, sociology, theory, history and contemporary issues education in Russia and in the world.
Scientific specialties for which HAC takes into account publications in the journal (specialty branches):
19.00.07 Pedagogical psychology (Psychological)
09.00.11 Social philosophy (in terms of education) (Philosophical)
13.00.01 General pedagogy, history of pedagogy and education (Pedagogical)
13.00.08 Theory and methodology vocational education(Pedagogical)
22.00.04 social structure, social institutions and processes (in terms of education) (Sociological)
24.00.01 Theory and history of culture (Culturological, philosophical, historical, sociological, art criticism.
Moscow, RUDN University, Tel. (4, Tel/Fax (4*20-67
E-mail: *****@***ru
www:http://www. /
Search: Politics. Social science. Art. Sociology. Culture. (VAK-magazine)
Magazine"SEARCH" included in the VAK List. Frequency: 5 issues per year. Particular preference is given to those works that highlight the specifics of the cultural life of the largest metropolis - the city of Moscow.
Moscow, Moscow Institute of Social and Cultural Programs
Tel: (4
Executive secretary of the scientific and socio-cultural journal "POISK", e-mail: *****@***ru
www:http://www.
World and Politics (VAK-magazine)
Magazine"Peace and Politics" included in the VAK List. Articles are published in the direction of political science, sociology of the state, law and politics.
Moscow, Publisher: Non-commercial partnership "Academy of Creative Technologies".
You can contact a representative of the editorial office by phone (4 or by e-mail
Man and labor (VAK-magazine)
Magazine "Man and labor"included in VAK list. Scientific direction: economics, social policy, sociology, philosophy.
Categories: Russia Facing the Challenge of the 21st Century
Economic policy
Social politics
Labor market, employment
Conditions and organization of work
Payment, motives and incentives for work
Social partnership
labor law
Enterprise and Market. Success strategy
Personnel, personnel
Demography. Migration
pension reform Moscow, Phone/fax: (0e-mail:*****@***ru
www: http:///new/
Values and Meanings (VAK-magazine)
The publication "Values and Meanings" is interdisciplinary in nature and covers the issues of philosophy, cultural studies, sociology, political science and education.
Included in the VAK List.
Editor-in-Chief: Doctor of Philosophy.
Moscow, Tel./fax: +7 (4; e-mail: E-mail: *****@***com; *****@***ru
www:http://www. litera. /cen. php
National Security/Nota bene (VAK-magazine)
The journal "National Security/Nota bene" is included in the VAK List. Journal about the national security of Russia and foreign countries. Doctrines, strategies, systems of interaction and counteraction in the field of management and economics, forecasting and planning, personnel policy, law, psychology, computer science and statistics are considered.
(Moscow city)
Phone/fax: (4E-mail: w. *****@***com or *****@***ru
www:http://www. /nbmag/
Politics and Society (VAK-magazine)
The journal "Politics and Society" is included in the List of the Higher Attestation Commission. Designed for lawyers, political scientists, sociologists, demographers, culturologists and philosophers. Among the main rubrics of the magazine: state institutions and civil society, public security, conflict and consensus, local self-government, communities and fraternities, people and work, migration and adaptation, people and environment, cultural heritage and the transformation of legislation, morality and politics, demography and statistics, social research and monitoring.
(Moscow) Tel./fax: (4
Email: w. *****@***com or *****@***ru
www:http://www. /psmag/
Political Studies (POLIS) (VAK-magazine)
Published 6 times a year. POLIS is the leading Russian scientific, cultural and educational journal in the field of political science and political sociology.
(Moscow) editorial e-mail: *****@***ru; *****@***ru.
www:http://www. /
Sociological journal (VAK-journal)
The Sociological Journal is published 4 times a year. Professional publication for sociologists.
(Moscow) E-mail address for authors:*****@***ru, phone:(4
www:http://www. /Sociologicalmagazine. html
Sociological research (SotsIS) (VAK-journal)
Monthly scientific and socio-political journal. The journal "Socis" publishes articles on the theory and history of sociology, the results of sociological research and experiments in the field of economic, social, political and spiritual life of society both in Russia and abroad; teaching materials for teachers of sociology; bibliographic reviews and reviews, as well as information about scientific conferences.
(Moscow) Phone / fax: +7 (499), tel. +7 (4
E-mail for authors: *****@***ru
www:http://www. /socis. html
Ethnosociety and interethnic culture (VAK-magazine)
Magazine "Ethnosociety and international culture"is included in the list of VAK. The versatility of the publication makes it possible to unite in one issue an examination of various ethno-social phenomena that exist in a multinational society, and a comparison of various author's positions on topical issues of interethnic culture.
Moscow city. Tel.(4; (4; (4fax.
e-mail: *****@***ru
www:http://www. /
St. Petersburg
Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Series 12 - psychology, sociology, pedagogy (VAK-journal)
"Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Series 12 - psychology, sociology, pedagogy" included in the VAK List. Rep. editor (psychology, pedagogy): , Dr. of Psychology. sciences, professor
Rep. secretary (psychology, pedagogy):
tel.: +7 (8
e-mail: *****@***com
Rep. editor (sociology): , doctor of sociology. sciences, professor, head. Department of Sociology of Political and Social Processes
Rep. secretary (sociology): , Ph.D. sociological Sciences, Associate Professor +7 (8e-mail: *****@***ru
www: http://vestnik. /index. html
Management consulting(VAK-magazine)
Journal “Management Consulting. Actual Problems of State and Municipal Administration” is included in the List of Higher Attestation Commission. For publication, scientific materials are accepted that correspond to the main scientific focus of the publication, mainly related to the study of management processes in complex socio-economic and political systems, topical problems of state and municipal government.
St. Petersburg, SZAGS
Tel. (8, fax (8
E-mail: *****@***ru
www:http://www. /index. phtml? id_page=394
The World of Politics and Sociology
Federal Scientific and Practical Journal " The World of Politics and Sociology»publishes scientific articles and materials on various political and sociological topics.
Regular sections of the magazine:
* Politics
* Legal aspects political processes
* Social economy
* Sociology
* Sociology and demography
* Sociology of Law
Journal website: www. /pereodika
The address of the editorial office of the Educational Center Sovetnik: St. Petersburg, Moskovsky pr., 8, office 213 (metro station Sennaya Square)
tel.: +7 (9 tel. /
Email: *****@***ru
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With. one
SCIENTISTS
NOTES
RUSSIAN STATE
SOCIAL UNIVERSITY
Shlykov V. M., Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Professor.
Bakhtin M. V., Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor.
Prokhorov V. L., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor
POSTMODERNIST MODEL OF SOCIAL HISTORY: SEARCH FOR "NEW" SOCIALITY
Annotation:The article analyzes the problems and features of the model of social history.
Keywords:postmodernism, postmodern model, history, social history, hermeneutics, paradigm, configurations, design, philosophical innovations.
The knowledge of past times and the knowledge of the countries of the world are the decoration and food of humanminds
Leonardo da Vinci
The purpose of history is knowledge of the movement of mankind
L. Tolstoy
Not a rustle of midnight distances.
Not the songs that mother sang
We never understood
Something worth understanding.
N. Gumilyov
The term "postmodernism" does not have a generally accepted social meaning, it is very vague, indefinite, changeable and often polemically loaded. Therefore, a number of researchers either do not use this concept, or stipulate its non-conceptual status.
Postmodernism is a complex, heterogeneous socio-cultural phenomenon that took hold in Western society and became especially popular in the 1980s. XX century.
Postmodernism fits well into the anti-scientist traditions of philosophy, whose representatives opposed their views to science, scientific thinking, and rationalism in general. According to M. Foucault, postmodernism just declared "the right to revolt against reason."
Postmodernism, according to some authors, arose as a result of the global social crisis of modern Western society, which engulfed politics, economics, culture, and the spiritual sphere. For example, I. A. Gobozov believes that "... the origins of the philosophy of postmodernism should be sought in the crisis of society and in irrational philosophical currents, especially in the philosophy of Nietzsche." The postmodern era is characterized by him as “... an era without ideals, without moral principles and norms, without a future, without social progress and without social responsibility, an era without heroism, an era of indifference to the pain of others. Postmodernism is individualism and neoliberalism, freedom from anything and everything: including traditional morality, sexual taboos and the like. This is the era of hypertrophy of means and atrophy of goals (P. Ricoeur). Other researchers give a softer description of the new era.
Contemporary American philosopher of social history A. Megill writes: "The Postmodern Condition" is a manifesto in a classroom populated by campus conservatives and liberals, members of bisexual, gay, and lesbian unions, several varieties of Christian activism, Asians, Europeans, and African Americans, and a host of them. mixtures; people whose native languages are Spanish, Chinese, German and English, not forgetting people whose tastes range from punk to classical. Here we are dealing with borders that cannot be removed.
The emergence of postmodernism in this case is associated with the entry of Western society into the era of post-industrialism, information civilization and culture, which serve as the social ontology of postmodernity.
One of the leaders of postmodernism J.-F. Lyotard defines it as distrust of old knowledge functioning in the form of great (meta) stories.
It is not so much about "distrust" as about the criticism of classical rationalism, fundamentalism, objectivism, truth, systemic, theoretical. The transition to the linguistic paradigm of philosophy based on relativism, pluralism, subjectivism, anti-theoreticism is proclaimed. After all, any knowledge, according to Lyotard, is just a language game. The scientist, according to Lyotard, is first of all the one who "tells stories", which then he must verify.
However, the latter is not at all necessary. After all, most postmodernists consider the question of the correspondence of scientific knowledge to socio-historical facts to be outdated. Scientific knowledge, in their opinion, gets its legitimacy in language games.
The postmodern tradition gave rise to doubts about the possibility of a general explanation of the course of social history, caused distrust of global historical concepts, "... a wary or even contemptuous attitude towards theory in general and the theory of history in particular" .
The postmodern philosophy of science insists on the priority of social instability, locality, chance, variety of possibilities, instead of stability, totality, necessity, certainty of events, and so on.
The construction (systematic, structural, integrity, theoretical, etc.) is understood as an established and therefore outdated way of philosophizing. Postmodernism is the deconstruction of the traditional, the dispersal of the established. The emphasis is on difference rather than identity, uncertainty, disorder, plurality rather than unity, discontinuity rather than social progress.
For example, uncertainty is the basis of thinking of one of the "prophets" (Megill) of the postmodern J. Derrida. It is from the point of view of social uncertainty that Derrida reads the world. In this regard, V. A. Kanke notes: “Derrida especially sins with pseudo-scientific fantasies ... Deconstruction, as you know, spares nothing, including the correlativity of theory and facts, from which nothing remains after deconstructive fragmentation, except fiction, hardly distinguishable traces from words and things. Scientific meaning is translated into meaninglessness. If, for example, Hegel tried to synthesize, combine social opposites, then Derrida destroys them, crushes them. Logic in this case is the absence of logic. Similarly, postmodern theory is the absence of a theory.
Summing up the philosophical project of postmodernism, one can agree with Kanke, who states the following: “In the shortest generalization, the dominant of philosophical postmodernism is the agonism (confrontation - Sh. V.) of language games, disconsensus (and not consensus), discreteness (and not continuity and progress ), multiplicity (rather than unity), instability (rather than stability), locality (rather than spatial universality), fragmentation (rather than integrity), randomness (rather than systemicity), game (rather than goal), anarchy (rather than hierarchy ), dispersion (and not centering), apophaticism (negativity - Sh. V.) (and not positivity), movement on the surface of words and things (and not deep into them), trace (and not signified and signified), simulacrum (but not an image) ..., a labyrinth (and not linearity), uncertainty (and not certainty ... ".
How to evaluate the philosophical innovations of postmodernism? In our and foreign literature there are directly opposite opinions. Some philosophers speak sharply negatively about postmodernism, while others, on the contrary, welcome it and even admire it.
“I do not presume to judge about other areas of culture,” writes the philosopher Gobozov, who has already been mentioned by us, “but about postmodern philosophy, I can say that this is a step back in philosophical reflection. The writings of postmodernists are sometimes meaningless and empty of content. Some statements of postmodernists, for example, Deleuze, Guattatari and others, he calls "gibberish", "nonsense", casuistry, balancing act.
As you know, most representatives of postmodernism were philologists by education. This circumstance played an important role in the fact that the linguistic component in postmodernity is the most significant. Words, signs, symbols, simulacra (a virtual information structure that does not have referents), texts replace objects, things, social reality, including historical.
Similar ideas have been encountered in the past. The understanding of the world as a text can be found in medieval authors.
In the Middle Ages, the text was considered a word spoken by God, therefore it had primacy in relation to socio-historical reality and to the reader. Text and language precede reality because the Word of God created reality. Reality is a representation of the text, and not the text is a representation of reality. Consequently, the practice of interpreting texts, their individual reading, is unknown to medieval consciousness. Everything has changed since the Cartesianism of the 17th century: the cognizing subject has gone from the previous direct contact with reality into himself, turning into a transcendental subject. Now the social subject could not merge with the text, which was required, for example, for a medieval reader. An epistemological barrier was erected between subject and object. “Cartesianism brought about an alienation of everyday reality from the knowing subject (an alienation that was in fact the condition of the possibility of modern science), and in the same way, texts now acquired, along with “meaning”, an aura of “noumenal” mystery that they had never before possessed .. Hermeneutics was faced with the task of explaining how, one way or another, we could regain our understanding of the meaning of the text ... ".
It is not surprising that hermeneutics was one of the philosophical sources of postmodernism, and M. Heidegger is referred to as one of his "prophets" (Megill).
Philosophical hermeneutics, as is known, proceeded from the fact that language is the house of being, that it is also the boundary of consciousness. Hermeneutics of the 20th century liked to repeat Heidegger's words that it is not we who speak the language, but the language speaks us. It is not surprising that the idea of the influence, the “transfer” of the structure of the language in which we describe reality appears, on social reality itself. In short, the external world has been replaced by language, linguistic reality, truth by meaning. Words not only reflect social reality, but create it.
F. R. Ankersmit in this regard critically notes that “... for Gadamer there is nothing besides ... stories of interpretation, besides the language of interpretation, in which, like in a capsule, these stories are contained. We can comprehend the past only insofar as it is reduced to the "language" of these stories of interpretation, while the past itself (to which these stories owe their existence) no longer plays any role in Gadamer's narrative. All history, all its drama, its tragedies, triumphs and greatness, is thus confined to the narrow confines of how it has been interpreted over the centuries in the language of historians. Now only language remains for us, only the language of historians - this is the world in which we operate, and there is nothing outside of it. The obvious consequence is that ... we can understand the past only in so far as it helpfully assumes the shape of a language.
Western philosophy in the 20th century was primarily a philosophy of language. Language became the intellectual field in which all movements known in the history of philosophy were initiated and reproduced. The idea of postmodernism is simple - language determines social types and way of thinking, especially the culture of a particular era. And the individual's thoughts are controlled by "laws and patterns of language which he is not aware of." "R. Barthes argued that repression is inherent in the most fundamental of all representational systems, which is our main means of building the world and interacting with others, namely language. The predicative structures and operations of language impose attributes and identities that we ourselves have not chosen ... language is a fascist that imprisons us within its own terms: the syntax of a sentence is like a sentence in a legal sense, an imprisonment, as Nietzsche said, in the prison of language.
The understanding of language by postmodernists is based on traditions coming from F. de Saussure, who is considered the founder of structural linguistics. Linguistics, according to Saussure, is a science that studies "the life of signs within the life of society", and language is interpreted as a system of signs expressing concepts.
The "life of signs", according to this approach, exists by itself, within itself. Language being abstract sign system, is something that is outside of concrete individuals and functions as a kind of invariant at the unconscious level. This invariant manifests itself in a number of variants of language constructions, which, in fact, is the structure of the language, which is considered by Saussure synchronously, "horizontally", abstracting from the history of the development of the language. The latter makes it possible to single out the elements of the structure and a certain network of relations between them. Linguistic elements and their meanings, according to Saussure, depend on the entire system of language, the place of a given element in relation to others. The primacy of the relations between the elements, rather than the elements of the language, is asserted. For example, the meaning of words is constituted by their relation to other words, and not by the objects they designate, since the relationship between a word and a social object is arbitrary and it is impossible to point out two languages in which words and objects would be combined in the same way.
Consequently, language is considered by Saussure not as a substance, but as a form, which later served as the basis for the absolutization of the concept of structure, the actual substitution of the concept of an object, subject.
Saussure, of course, did not deny that the elements of language can and do designate objects, things, but he considered this connection conditional and insignificant, because “if language were used only to name objects, its various members would not be interconnected, they would exist separately, like the objects themselves.
The linguistic sign almost does not "touch" objects, does not "hook" surrounding a person the world, since it (a linguistic sign), according to Saussure, is associated primarily not with objects, but with their concepts. The world is what the structure of the language that describes the world is. The problem of social truth is the problem of the meaning of words, concepts, method, form of description. Concepts construct social reality to the same extent that they express it.
From here it is not far to the conclusion that language does not represent reality, that it is not a "window" to the outside world. On the contrary, language is something like a "linguistic prison" whose lattice-structures restrict, determine our access to it.
The postmodern episteme, in fact, comes to a similar conclusion when it claims that linguistic expressions cannot be related to the external world, but only to other linguistic expressions, since the social reality is outside the language. Moreover, language in postmodernism is interpreted as the main semantic factor that determines the thinking and behavior of people. If Saussure recognized the presence of the signifier and the signified in the text, then Derrida completely denied the existence of extra-textual reality.
Now let's see how postmodern ideas are reflected in the philosophy of history and in historical science.
In historiography, postmodernism clearly manifested itself in the 1990s. 20th century
In the postmodern philosophy of history, it is mainly about the specifics of the historical text as a special linguistic phenomenon. Literary criteria began to be applied to the historical text. “When writing history, the language offers the historian ready-made constructions, where he “inscribes” historical events. Thus, the activity of the historian is akin to literary. The order that the historian ascribes to events and their interpretation are something akin to a literary plot.
In 1973, H. White's Metahistory appeared, with the characteristic subtitle: "The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe." Although the author himself refers it to the structuralist stage in the development of Western humanitarian thought, its turn towards postmodernism is obvious.
White explored how the social concepts of some nineteenth-century historians were logically and linguistically constructed. He developed the so-called tropological theory of history, which is sometimes also called "aesthetic historicism" or literaturization of history.
White concludes that history is a specific kind of literature, "an operation to create fiction." Fiction is an immanent property of historical texts, says White, who characterizes the historian's work as "a verbal artifact, a narrative prose discourse whose content is as much invented or invented as it is discovered or revealed."
A historical work, according to White, is a combination of a certain set of research and narrative operations. The first type of operations answers the question: why the event happened this way and not otherwise. The second operation is a social description, a story about events, an intellectual act of organizing factual material. And here, according to White, a set of ideas and preferences of the researcher, mainly of the literary and historical genre, comes into play. Explanation is the main mechanism that becomes the connecting thread of the story. Explanations are realized through the use of the plot (romantic, satirical, comic and tragic) and the system of tropes - the main stylistic forms of text organization, such as metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche and irony. The latter decisively influenced the results of the work of historians. The historiographical style is subject to the tropological model, the choice of which is determined by the individual linguistic practice of the historian. When the choice is made, the imagination is ready to compose a narrative.
Historical understanding can only be tropological, says White. The historian chooses certain paths, and then there are theoretical concepts. Narrative, according to White, is a tool for denoting the social meaning of the world in which we live, it gives integrity and continuity to the historical narrative. In the narrative, it is not the events themselves that are important, but what people say about them, the essence of the events. In short, narrative is the possibility of "production" of meaning, understanding of events.
How to evaluate the influence of White's philosophy of history and postmodernism in general on historical science? Needless to say, opinions are divided here.
For example, V. N. Kravtsov believes that White created a new theory of historiographical analysis, a new historiographical language.
As for historical science, then, according to the same author, “... the intellectual “aggression” of postmodernism was directed, first of all, against those foundations of “scientificity” that provoked criticism in professional historiography itself: the attitude to sources, contradictions between the explanation and understanding of the historical text, the imperfection of the professional language, and so on. Postmodernism gave a new quality to this dissatisfaction with the old foundations of scientificity and increased its critical impact on professional historical science.
However, one of the greatest modern philosophers of history, F. R. Ankersmit, believes that the value of theories like White's is negligible, "because they were no more than a codification of a unique reading experience." It is in the new readings of the historians of the past that the originality and strength of Metahistory must be seen; the introduction and conclusion to this book by White contain only a codification of these results. And the theories presented there would be completely unconvincing were it not for these new readings. Good interpretations are not a by-product of good hermeneutics, but good hermeneutics is simply a by-product of good interpretations.” Ankersmit calls for “farewell” to hermeneutics, deconstructivism, semiotics, tropology, and so on, and to be based on the notion of historical experience. .
“The only theories to be rejected,” he writes, “are those which prescribe to the historian how he should interpret the texts of the past. The theorist of history should not interfere with the activity of the historian, but should accept it as it is and confine itself to thinking about it. Instead, theorists constructed "abstract and pretentious mirages" to tell historians how they should read their texts.
There is no opportunity here to consider Ankersmit's social interpretation of the so-called "sublime" historical experience", but the very call of one of the leaders close to the currents of philosophical and historical thought under consideration to hand over deconstructivism, hermeneutics, semiotics and the like to the "antiquities store" is symptomatic. Moreover, Ankersmit even calls hermeneutics "aimless somnambulism", and deconstructivism - "daring absurdities", while the advice of the well-known modern postmodernist R. Rorty to replace Descartes and Kant with Gadamer and Derrida - advice to replace the Devil with Beelzebub ".
It should be noted that X. White, X. Kellner, G. Iggers, Yu. Topolsky and other well-known thinkers believe that the shift in emphasis to the problem of historical experience is a fundamental point of view for the future of history, its social aspects and the philosophy of history.
L.P. Repina, in turn, criticizes postmodernism for questioning:
“...1) the very concept of historical reality, and with it the historian's own identity, his professional sovereignty (erasing the seemingly inviolable line between history and literature);
criteria for the reliability of the source (blurring the line between fact and fiction) and, finally,
faith in the possibilities of historical knowledge and striving for objective truth...” .
So, as noted, postmodernism prefers difference to identity, thus affirming the pluralism of socio-historical descriptions. “Not continuity and evolution, not comparability and transformation, but the discontinuity and unique otherness of each of the studied phenomena increasingly fill the intellectual field of the historian.”
Under the influence of such attitudes, some historians began to think of the past as something discontinuous and fragmentary, its comprehension is identified, first of all, with the analysis of social differences and demarcations. For example, American medieval historians in this case do not consider the Middle Ages as a natural precursor of the future European world, they do not look for what led to this result. On the contrary, as was said, they are looking for differences, rejecting the ideas of continuity and progress in the development of society. The same tendencies exist in France (J. Le Goff, J.-C. Schmit and others).
“It is easy to see, writes Yu. L. Bessmertny, that historical analysis is understood here in a different way than in French history 25-30 years ago. By such an analysis is now meant not so much the study of the successive changes experienced by the phenomena of the past, but the understanding of the originality of each of them separately, as well as the filling of our present memory of these phenomena. We are talking about filling, based, of course, on the most thorough study of historical monuments and involving the most intense dialogue with them. But the ultimate goal of this dialogue with historical monuments is not so much the reconstruction of the real upheavals of the past (that is, the reproduction of “how it really was”), but our own understanding of these upheavals and their individual constituent elements, that is, our meaning-making.
The historian, postmodernists say, does not deal with social reality, but with texts that are not something like transparent glasses through which this reality is clearly visible. The only conceivable reality is the text itself, its writing, reading, interpretation.
Historian-researcher with his activity (concept, language, etc.) forms the historical reality. The classical positivist-naturalistic model of cognition proceeded from the primacy social object and maximum elimination of the subject.
Ideas like these can have a profound effect on research activities people dealing with texts, documents and the like. For example, historians often set the task of revealing the author's meaning of any written source. But how can this be done if we assume that the meaning is given to a greater extent by the formal structure of the language than by the intention of the author? It turns out that the author of the text cannot convey “his own”, personal meaning. What Barthes called "the death of the author" occurs. But the "death of the author" also implies the "death of the reader", since he, too, is not free in semantic activity, being in captivity of the "linguistic prison".
Meanwhile, the real practice of the same historian testifies that:
firstly, historical science is still interested in "author's thoughts", without understanding and reconstruction of which it would cease to be history;
secondly, historical texts, contrary to the extreme statements of postmodernists, still represent social reality, reflect events and phenomena that lie outside the text (for example, in digital indicators of trade, population census, etc., the connection between text and reality is obvious, albeit not always accurate)
thirdly, historical texts are placed by historians in historical time, in its context, and not in the context of other texts, as deconstructivists do.
It is clear that such conclusions cannot be fully accepted. In our opinion, they can rightfully be called "linguistic Berkeleianism" of the 20th century. Most historians are either sharply negative or at least wary of them. According to the figurative expression of L. Stone, the texts appeared as a hall of mirrors, reflecting only each other, and there was no place for “truth” here. Words are "man's toys" and they cannot play with each other.
Closure on textual reality, the inability to get out of it, leads to the fact that postmodernism "practically completely ignores the broad underlying currents of historical causality, since they are not clearly visible in the texts" . In this case, the causal connection between events is replaced by “discursive” connections between texts, as a result of which the socio-historical explanation is declared a chimera. Postmodern history is portrayed as an incoherent sequence of social situations, periods, worlds, and the like.
As a result, historians do not discover the past, they invent it, and history is what historians write. From this point of view, there is no difference between fact and fiction, truth and error.
It turns out that historical texts different eras are equal. It cannot be said that the later text reproduces reality more adequately than the previous one. These are different ways of conceptualizing the past. “From the point of view of postmodernists, the texts of ancient Greek historians are quite worthy of texts written by historians of the 20th century. They differ in the way they are written. They represent reality differently. They are neither closer nor farther from the truth. For the truth of historical research is not separated from linguistic representation. Just as all genres of literature are good in their own way and should exist in the cultural memory of mankind, so the various genres of historical description form an integral image of history.
At the same time, it should be noted that the so-called linguistic “turn” made it possible to begin (albeit partially) an epistemological “turn” in historical science, which allowed historians to pay attention to themselves, to the reflection of their linguistic and cognitive activity. Almost for the first time, a transition has been made to an empirical study of the historical mind itself, to how historians think, what influence language has on the work of a historian. The nature of socio-historical research was again in the spotlight. It is in this that we see the significance of all kinds of "turns" and their revolutionary influence on the epistemology of the social sciences and the humanities.
Postmodernists drew the attention of historians to the fact that texts are not only information keepers, a “window to the past”, but that they (sources) were created in certain systems of social meanings and, moreover, rarely unambiguous, indisputable. The past, its order, according to postmodernity (and not only it) is created by historians themselves.
The postmodern paradigm has forced many historians to shift their focus to the analysis of the so-called "periphery of discourse", associated with the interpretation of non-obvious meanings, unconscious motives, and the like. The concept of a historical source was expanded, that is, it included “things” that “speak”, but are not a text (dreams, illnesses, and the like). It can be said that, to some extent, postmodernism prompted historians to compare events from different time periods, to study what did not happen, but could happen, not to mention the fact that the explication of literary conventions embedded in the socio-historical narrative played a particularly important role. in the understanding of historical work as a form literary creativity with its inherent rhetorical devices and rules that define the discursive strategy of the text.
“With the advent of the concept of “deconstruction” in history, not only and not so much the methodology research work how much is the way of thinking of the historian. The deconstruction itself is aimed at revealing the internal inconsistency of the text, revealing in it hidden and unnoticed not only by an inexperienced reader, but also by the author himself, “sleeping” residual meanings. We inherited these residual meanings from the speech practices of the past, enshrined in the language of unconscious stereotypes, which, in turn, are also transformed unconsciously and independently of the author of the text under the influence of the language clichés of his era. gender history, as well as their theoretical justifications, feminism and post-feminism, from the very beginning of their development, followed the path of deconstruction of “traditional” male discursive practices.
So, postmodernism denies the idea of history, its social aspects as a single movement from one stage to another, denies the ideas of social progress, freedom, democracy, class struggle, casts doubt on any generalizing schemes, attempts to link historical narrative into a coherent concept.
Postmodernism confuses history as a science with literature. However:
history is primarily a social study, while literature is a story;
history requires social argumentation, literature does not need it;
the goal of history is socially cognitive (achieving truth), literature is aesthetic;
the configuration of socio-historical works is determined by the logic of research procedures, namely the problem, hypothesis, argumentation, and so on. The configuration of literary works is given by the genres of poetics. Experience, of course, cannot be completely reduced to discourse, to speech practice, and the impossibility of direct perception of social reality does not mean the historian's complete arbitrariness in "constructing" it.
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1. Anufrieva Natalya Ivanovna, Dr. Ped. Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Sociology and Philosophy of Culture, Director of the Institute high school music to them. A. Schnittke (Institute), acting Anufrieva Natalia Ivanovna, doctor of pedagogical sciences, associate professor, professor of the department of sociology and philosophy of culture, director Higher school of music n.a. A. Schnittke (institute), acting dean of the faculty of arts and socio-cultural activity, RSSU.
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13. Strelkov Vladimir Ivanovich, Dr. of Psychology. in Psychology, Professor, Professor of the Department of Labor Psychology and Special Psychology of the Faculty of Psychology, RSSU / Strelkov Vladimir Ivanovich, doctor of psychological sciences, professor, professor of the department of labor psychology and special psychology of the faculty of psychology, RSSU.
14. Tsvetkova Nadezhda Aleksandrovna, Dr. of Psychology. Sci., Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Social, General and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, RSSU
15. Yanchuk Vladimir Alexandrovich, Doctor of Psychology. Sciences, Professor (Republic of Belarus, Minsk) / Yanchuk Vladimir Alexandrovich, doctor of psychological sciences, professor (Belarus, Minsk).
