home › Disputes with neighbors › What fish is better to breed at home. How to organize a business for breeding fish in artificial reservoirs. Breeding fish - the process of growing

What fish is better to breed at home. How to organize a business for breeding fish in artificial reservoirs. Breeding fish - the process of growing

Fish products are always in demand among the population, although not every person has time to relax with a fishing rod. It is much faster to buy fish in the market or in a specialized store, especially since the assortment is always diverse. Breeding fish is a great idea for fishing enthusiasts.

Features of activity, profitability

Each type of fish needs its own conditions. The most unpretentious for growing is carp. With a suitable temperature regime and timely feeding, these individuals quickly reach the desired size and acquire a full-fledged presentation.

But in addition to regular and timely nutrition, it is also necessary to take into account the features that exist in the fish family. For example, the composition of feed for feeding separate species fish at the time of spawning varies considerably. For fry, a completely different composition is needed than for fish in adulthood. Only with the right selection of nutrition, depending on the type of fish, you can achieve maximum profitability results.

A properly formulated diet stimulates not only the growth of fish, but also the quality of reproduction. Ignoring all the principles of proper nutrition, fish can be subjected to various diseases. And the mass destruction of goods will lead the business to losses.

Proper business organization gives a predictable and good income.

At the first stage of doing business, you should purchase a batch of fry. The price category depends on the type of fish and its age. The smallest fish is much more expensive than the grown-up fry. For example, if an entrepreneur plans to buy trout fry, it will cost him 350 rubles or more per kilogram.

When fry are purchased, the percentage of their loss should be taken into account, it is equal to 10 units of the total weight of the goods. The weight of a live adult fish reaches up to 700–800 grams, taking into account the fact that it grows for about two years. Realization of live fish at a price of 140–180 rubles per kilogram.

Professional farmers of the fishing industry, instead of fry, buy already inseminated caviar. This type of product has certain advantages for an established business process. But for beginners, in the absence of experience, this option is not suitable.

Under the condition of constant entrepreneurship, the cultivation of fish in reservoirs should be supplemented with other related activities that generate income. For example, to organize fishing for money with the rental of gear and equipment for fishing. Also near the reservoir you can put campsites with rental of fishing accessories.

This idea will work when the object of fishing is located on the territory of the settlement or near it. Such additional income will bring the business another 10% of the revenue from the fishery.

From this we can conclude that fish farming in artificial reservoirs as a business has every chance of success and a steady income.

A business will be profitable if you write a business plan that takes into account costs and profits, taking into account all stages, from breeding to selling fish products.

Home fish farming from scratch

For the cultivation of any kind of fish, the most important condition is the water space. Not only the rapid growth of fish, but also further offspring depends on high-quality water. Before starting a business from scratch, a future entrepreneur needs to conduct a complete analysis of the water in a reservoir, pool, lake or pond. The quality of water must fully comply with the standards for the full settlement of new residents.

Specialists from the epidemiological surveillance will take the necessary water samples and give a full consultation on its purification. If the water quality is not satisfactory established standards, cleaning the reservoir and its aeration will create a favorable habitat for fish.

For profitable fish farming at home, you need to calculate the costs and future profits. The project estimate will clarify the picture of upcoming costs and planned income. As a basis, you need to take the approximate amount of the calculation, for example, carp will serve as a model:

buying a small fish (fry) - about 8,000 - 10,000 rubles;
Monthly payment service personnel- approximately 25,000–35,000 rubles;
a mixture of feed for individuals and medicinal components - 8,000 rubles.
additional costs for maintenance, cleaning of the reservoir and its improvement - approximately 20,000 rubles.

The cost of maintaining one medium-sized reservoir or pool will be about 61,000 - 73,000 rubles.

The natural income from the sale of carp is 110,000 rubles. From this it follows that the net profit, after deducting expenses, is 37,000 rubles or more.

Important: take into account the fact that in the future the entrepreneur will not need to buy fry, so the costs will be reduced by half - by 50%. The presence of its own lake and high-quality water supply is an excellent environment for the reproduction of fish in a natural way.

It follows from this that breeding carp at home as a business is quite great idea, but there is one minus - a long payback time.

Documents for company registration

A future entrepreneur should register his farm as an LLC or individual entrepreneur.

This will require the following documents:

Application form of a private person for registration of an enterprise (farm).
A written statement from the entrepreneur about the creation of an IP.
Receipt of payment of state duty.
A copy of the taxpayer identification code.
A copy of the passport and its original.

Very important: You should pay special attention to filling out all the listed documents. An entrepreneur may be denied registration of documents if the relevant authority reveals hidden information, inaccuracies in the data provided or in the page numbers.

To open a fish farm, you need to obtain permission from the epidemiology committee by passing a veterinary examination. Also, when renting a territory, you must provide documents on environmental safety for the environment.

Farming fish at home as a business

Home fish farming - profitable idea for smart income generation. For those people who love fishing and leisurely recreation, raising fish in pools is a great business. But don't expect a quick refund.

Count on your growth start-up capital in three years. That is how long it will take to talk about the profitability of fish farming. In many ways, future profits depend on the serious approach of the entrepreneur to the idea itself.

Choosing a place and creating a reservoir

When choosing a place for a future reservoir, you need to pay attention to the following factors:

depth, volume and area of the selected object;
temperature indicator of water and acidity of the inhabited environment;
the remoteness of the settlement and a convenient road from it to the reservoir;
safety of transportation of fish products.

Important: Each species of fish needs a certain range of temperatures. For example, for carp, it is enough to choose temperature regime within 24–25 0 С, for trout - up to 19 0 С.

Large-scale reservoirs must have a suitable hydrochemical composition and have a precisely selected temperature regime. To adjust the water parameters in the pool, it is necessary to use filtering and disinfecting units.

Oxygen generators must be in good working order. Presence flora in the reservoir is good condition for fish. Cleaning the bottom of excess algae and silt accumulations is a mandatory procedure for caring for a reservoir.

Ponds are divided into types:

beam,
channel,
floodplain.

The price of each type depends on its design and additional features.

Fry rearing equipment

Reservoirs for growing small fish are divided according to their qualifications. There are 4 types of reservoirs:

foraging,
nursery,
spawning,
wintering.

Pools for breeding fish can also be installed in your backyard. For these purposes, utility rooms with specially created conditions are suitable.

Maintenance of an artificial reservoir requires an installed system of closed water supply. In an artificial environment, fry are created as close to natural living conditions as possible. In the created environment, the growth of individuals occurs faster, excluding the wintering period.

The components of a closed water supply system include:

mechanical filtration system;
biological filtration system;
pumps for water purification;
swimming pool;
acidity adjustment generator;
generators for oxygen saturation of water.

Equipment should be calculated taking into account the number of individuals living in the reservoir, their type and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe pool or pond. An artificial reservoir or a natural one is also taken into account.

Pond equipment

The main equipment for reservoirs is considered to be a gravity filter. Its function is water purification. The amount of technical equipment should be chosen depending on the fish species and their size. For beginner entrepreneurs, it is better to turn to specialists on the issue of equipment. A complete consultation about technical specifications and the advantages of the equipment can be given by its manufacturers.

There are many courses and seminars on the topic of fish farming, so it would be nice for beginners to get additional knowledge. The development of fish farming in Russia is set at the state level, and the necessary information can be found in expanded form.

The nuances of feeding

The quality of nutrition of aquatic inhabitants depends on their species, growth and development characteristics, and environmental conditions. Feed mixture for fish has a difference in the set of ingredients and useful substances. Each variety has its own diet. This rule applies to young and large individuals. After all, what is useful for fry is not always suitable for adult fish.

Important: the energy requirement of fish is low, so it is important not to overfeed them.

The purchase of fish feed is the main cost item in a business plan. For normal life and development of fish, it is important to buy only high-quality food. Protein food is especially useful for inhabitants of reservoirs.

For general information : with normal feeding there is a chance to get 0.5 tons of fish products per year, with enhanced feeding - three times more, given the total pond area of 1 hectare.

For rational feeding of fish, the following components are needed:

amino acids to support appetite and growth (important for fry);
enzyme preparations for the rapid assimilation and breakdown of food;
vegetable fats for healthy offspring;
krill and meat and bone meal;
cereal mixtures enriched with vitamin B;
feed mixture to maintain immunity;
powdered milk for young individuals.

Without exception, all fish species are suitable forage containing cereals and legumes.

Feeding occurs several times throughout the day at one selected time and in one place. It is not bad to equip the lake with convenient feeders or trays for feed mixtures, and equip the place for feeding with bells to convene fish schools.

Recruitment

It is difficult for any entrepreneur to organize his business alone. In the process, you need to hire assistants - an administrator for fish farming or an equipment specialist. Positions for the organization of fisheries:

Fish breeding consultant.
Accountant for maintaining documentation of expenses, income, sales of products.
Enterprise administrator.
Operators of the water supply system and generators.
Pond maintenance workers.

Given the amount of income and production volumes, each entrepreneur can regulate the number of hired personnel.

Fish farming is considered profitable if this type of production generates income and is not costly. The investment will pay off quickly if you grow hardy fish. Ideal for trout and carp.

Important: each reservoir or artificial pool must be equipped with a water drain system.

Growing costs should include all cost items:

for the purchase of fry;
payment wages service personnel;
purchase of feed;
insurance premiums;
fare;
unforeseen expenses for various needs.

Sales of products and additional sources of income

The rapid sale of products depends on the established prices. Important to find regular customers and sell them quality products.

Shop owners gladly agree to cooperate with farms, highly appreciating the quality of their products and favorable prices.

Suitable for selling fish:

The shops.
Public catering establishments.
Supermarkets.
Special fish points in the markets.
Personal fish shop.

Many entrepreneurs in the fish business are looking for additional sources of income. Owning a fish farm as a business can be an excellent source for attracting regular customers. The main thing is to equip the place near the reservoir with comfortable ladders, bridges, paths, fences, tables and benches.

On the territory of the fish farm, you can organize:

paid fishing;
rental of fishing rods and tackle;
sale of freshly caught fish on the spot;
boat rental;
cooking fish on the grill or fire.

These additional benefits will regularly increase the income of the entrepreneur.

What is the best fish to breed?

To obtain a regular profit on a large scale, you need to choose fish species that are suitable for breeding in an artificial environment. Particularly popular types include:

trout,
carp,
perch,
carp,
other types of cyprinids.

A rather unpretentious fish, but a special technology is used to grow it. Food for nutrition is suitable only for expensive varieties. Saving on cheap feed will lead to an unpresentable appearance of the product, namely, valuable trout meat will become white, not red. Regular consumers are well versed in the shades of fish, and this means that the entrepreneur has every chance to scare away his own customers with his actions. The white color of the meat is obtained as a result of the use of feed additives in the diet.

Versatile fish as rearing. Carp does not require expensive feed, but it needs to create comfortable conditions in the pond. The water must be heated to a temperature of +25 0 C, and the depth of the pond should be more than 2 meters. Harmful impurities in the water are excluded. To grow, for example, 2 tons of carp per year, you need an area of a reservoir of about 1 hectare. Under favorable conditions, you can get great benefits. It is safe to say that raising fish in pools as a business is not too costly for an entrepreneur with proper income regulation.

This type of fish adapts perfectly in clean water. Differs in both special voracity and fertility. It grows up to 5 centimeters every year. Perch should not be brought into waters with more valuable fish, because they are able to absorb caviar and fry. It is optimal to keep perches together with low-value fish, then they will be beneficial. Intensive growth is observed in the first years, over time, individuals grow up to 25 centimeters. In pools or ponds, fish feel great if there is a lot of algae.

There are two types of carp - gold and silver. The second type is suitable for quick breeding. Carp are rapidly gaining weight and are unpretentious in maintenance. Their taste and nutritional qualities can compete with carp. The cultivation technology is identical to that of the carp family. In addition, crucian carp is unpretentious to feed and easily adapts to winter conditions. For start-up entrepreneurs, growing crucian carp will bring good profits.

Other cyprinids

Carp breeding requires technical skills, and specialized literature in this matter will only help. So that the fish do not conflict with each other, try to select them correctly by species.

Important: perches can eat fry and hunt for caviar.

Fish of the carp family can eat compound feed, legumes, grains, corn, peas. In the summer, they eat often and a lot in order to stock up on fat for the winter period.

Benefits and risks of the fishing business

Every business has its rewarding and risky side. But even with a decrease in market prices for fish products, the profit will be obvious. So, when buying a carp worth 70 rubles per kilogram, the profitability will exceed 10%.

Possessing a certain skill, you can breed fish in your summer cottage - in a pool, lake or pond. Connoisseurs of fish dishes give more preference to environmentally friendly products grown in the lands of the farm.

2018-01-25 Igor Novitsky

By approaching the formation of the pond correctly, having studied the parameters of the water and preparing everything for the launch of the fry, the owner will be able to grow fish to optimal size. Careful maintenance and cleaning of the artificial reservoir will increase the number of fish for sale, which means increasing the amount of profit.

At the moment, many experts in the field of fish farming, consider the fish business quite promising direction. Therefore, by creating conditions for its development, it is possible to solve the problem of providing the state with fish and help fish farms in such a difficult task as growing various fish species.

Previously, it was popular to breed fish in artificial reservoirs, but in this case, poachers interfered with the growth and development of young and grown-up individuals, it is for this reason that fish farmers began to engage in organized reproduction and rearing of fish on mini-farms and at home. But in order for fish breeding to be successful, a novice fish farmer needs to study the breeding instructions and adhere to all prescribed rules. Without what home fish farming will not bring the desired results?

Home fish farming from scratch

The most important resource for growing any breed of fish is water. The growth, development and health of young animals will depend on its quality.

Step one. Creation of an artificial reservoir.

Before you start creating a pond, you need to take the time to fully analyze the water, having studied all the indicators and quality standards necessary to populate the reservoir with new residents.

For this purpose, it is best to contact the Epidemiological Surveillance and ask specialists to conduct necessary tests water environment and give advice on its improvement, if necessary. If the quality of the water does not meet the standards, do not fall into despair. It is enough to aerate and clean the pond and everything will return to normal.

Step two. Determination of the quality of water resources.

Water in a fish pond without fail must have the following characteristics:

The optimal ratio of salts;
Regular and irregular temperature conditions;
The total number of microorganisms living in it and PH;
General transparency;
The presence of minerals necessary for future fish;
color qualities;
The ratio of gases dissolved in water;

If all these characteristics correspond to the declared standards, then it will be possible to grow fish without any problems.

Step three. Baby launch.

Before you start the fry into the pond, you need to know what temperature regime is suitable for the breed of fish you have chosen. There are fish that are more suitable for cold water, and there are fish species that will only feel comfortable in warm water.

Cold-loving breeds include grass carp, carp, catfish, crucian carp, sterlet, silver carp, trout, and peled. Heat-loving fish need to ensure the water temperature is not lower than twenty degrees, and for those who prefer cool waters from ten to twenty degrees. Wintering in the reservoir will also be determined by fish species.

Step four. Stages of growing fish.

In order to properly build your own mini fish farm, you need to know that when growing fish, the breeding stages are taken into account. First, the fish spawn, then the fry appear, followed by the wintering stage, next stage growth, and experienced fish farmers consider the feeding stage to be the last step.

Taking them into account, it is possible to clearly distinguish between these periods and create necessary scheme growth and development of young and reared individuals. For each of these stages, it is best to equip your own pond or use plastic pools.

In a pool or reservoir for spawning, fish farmers are engaged in breeding fry from eggs. The hatched fry are transplanted into a pond where they will grow. Upon reaching a certain age, they are placed in a nursery pond, where they will gain weight. When the generation gets stronger and it will no longer be possible to worry about its health, it is transferred to a feeding pond, but for wintering a special wintering pond with appropriate conditions for fish is used.

In order for the fish to grow and develop well, the water in the reservoir must be clean and enriched with oxygen. Also, it should not contain hydrogen sulfide and methane. To avoid their appearance, the pond must be created in the appropriate area, which can be determined using a geodetic map. Also in the pond there should be appropriate vegetation that will saturate the water with substances useful for fish.

Step five. Feeding.

Not only water plays an important role in fish farming, but also the use of appropriate feed additives. In order to grow healthy fish, it is necessary to use feed mixtures appropriate for each breed. They are made up of fats, fiber, legumes, grains, proteins, minerals and vitamins needed by fish. The secret of success is simple: in order for the fish to grow well, fish farmers fertilize the reservoirs and mineralize them.

For each age of the fish, it is necessary to use their own feed additives, as well as to raise immunity, they use therapeutic stress food that helps the fish cope with the disease and gain immunity to it. That, in principle, is all that fish farmers who decide to grow fish at home need to know.

Farming fish at home as a business

For growing fish, water is the most important thing; without it, it is simply impossible to breed any of the fish species. It is for this reason that before deciding to grow fish at home, it is necessary to build an artificial reservoir suitable for it.

For this purpose, you can rent a state reservoir, but this idea is better left. Because it will take you a lot of time to obtain various permits and approvals, and in addition to all this, your “fishing place” will also be threatened by poachers trying to catch as many fish as possible in your reservoir. For this reason, it is best to forget about renting a pond from government agencies. Moreover, the cost of a business on the basis of state lease will be very expensive for you.

Another option is to create an artificial pond in your suburban or summer cottage. The creation of an artificial reservoir will also be expensive, but it will still require much less material and nervous costs from you, and you will also be 100% sure of the reliability of your business.

If you want to breed fish for which fresh water is suitable, then you can use polycarbonate greenhouse with a plastic pool installed in it. It also needs to purchase compressor and filtering equipment, which will cost a lack of three thousand dollars. If you can create such equipment yourself, you will significantly reduce the cost of equipping the reservoir. But before proceeding with its creation or purchase, you need to find out: what kind of equipment and materials you will need.

Pond equipment

Purification of water in the reservoir should be carried out using a gravity filter. Installing it is quite simple and it won't take you much time. It costs about five thousand rubles. It is used not only to purify water, but allows you to remove microorganisms that cause water blooms and the appearance of mud.

In order to saturate the water with oxygen, compressor equipment is used. Its cost can reach ten thousand rubles. In order to prevent the water in the reservoir from blooming, sterilizers with ultraviolet diodes are used. To pump water from a reservoir, you need to purchase a hydraulic pump (about five thousand rubles). You can also make it yourself by assembling it from tubes. In this case, the reservoir will be filled with water from underground sources and springs. Feeders can be purchased at stores that sell fishing tackle. Also, do not forget about the drain equipment.

Costs and fish farming technology

The benefits of fish farming are obvious. In the market, let's take, for example, sturgeon, a kilogram costs about two hundred rubles. Buying fry or breeding them yourself, you can get up to a ton of fish per year, which is about one and a half thousand kilograms, which means three hundred thousand rubles.

By spending one hundred and fifty thousand on your fish business, you can work off the costs for the year and still make a profit. The main thing is to find sales points and then you don’t have to worry about profits.

Of course, only those people who understand all the risks and are ready to take them can engage in fish breeding, because this type of business is quite competitive. And if you are not ready to fight and breed really high-quality and selected fish, it is better not to start it.

And now, finally, you have made a firm decision to create your own fish farm. What documents will you need? Since you will start entrepreneurial activity, you will need to register your business. This will also incur additional costs. You will also need a license to grow fish, which will need to be issued. And when you get the first "harvest", you will still have to go through product quality control and obtain special permission from the relevant structures.

What is the best fish to breed?

If the cost of creating an artificial reservoir is easy to calculate, then the cost of acquiring and growing fish is very difficult. It is for this reason that a clear business plan is essential.

The most unpretentious fish in food and maintenance is carp. It is also available at a cost. When buying a ton of carp fry, you will need to spend about a thousand dollars. Moreover, this fish breed will not begin to multiply immediately, but only after three years. In addition, in the cold season, carps grow twice as slowly.

In industrial terms, all varieties of sturgeon are considered the most profitable fish species. An adult sturgeon weighs an average of five hundred grams. A kilogram of sturgeon in wholesale will cost about ten dollars. In your artificial pond, you can grow about a ton of such fish in six months. And this means that this business can really be called profitable.

Growing fish at home on a mini-farm: how to organize it correctly?

If you follow all the above tips, then growing fish in your pond or pool is not a problem. This is exactly what farmer Mikhail Atamanov does, growing sterlet and trout on his farm in Yaroslavl. For a year he grows and sells up to ten tons of fish and is not going to stop there. According to him, such a business brings him not only tangible profits, but also pleasure.

Breeding fish in a pond as a business is not the easiest thing, but it has a good profitability.

Russia is a country rich in natural resources. In terms of water reserves, it ranks second after Brazil. A large number of reservoirs with fresh water allows you to breed fish. This variety Agriculture today is underdeveloped among modern entrepreneurs, largely due to serious competition with foreign fish suppliers.

From the point of view of profitability, breeding fish in a pond allows you to get about 20% of net profit. This business can be done in the southern and northern regions of the country. More preferable is the zone of the Krasnodar Territory.

In the article, we will consider the features of fish breeding in a pond, find out why this particular breeding format is most preferable, calculate profitability, study growing technologies, and information about feeding.

There are 2 areas of fish breeding - in artificial and natural reservoirs. The latter option is quite difficult to implement due to serious administrative barriers. Renting a pond is very difficult. It will take time for the collection of papers, approvals. And you can get the right to rent a particular reservoir only after winning the competitive bidding.

If the entrepreneur does not want to deal with all this paperwork, then he can independently create an artificial reservoir for keeping fish. Today it is grown in one of the following ways:

in ponds (allows you to grow a large number of fish, including different types, has a high level of profit and lower cash costs);
in pools;
cage breeding (usually this method is used for breeding large individuals);
breeding in barrels and baths (almost always does not involve the possibility of making a big profit).

Businessmen who have decided to seriously engage in the cultivation of fish stop at raising fish in a pond. This is the most promising and profitable method.

What is the best fish to grow?

Before choosing a place to breed fish, you need to decide what kind of fish to breed. The most popular in the market today are:

trout;
carp.

The ideal option is to grow fish of these two varieties at once. But it is available only if there is a fairly substantial initial capital. If this is not possible, then the following features should be considered:

As you can see, both breeding formats have their advantages and disadvantages, so the breeder must make the final decision himself, assessing the level of his knowledge, starting capital and responsibility.

Choosing a place to fish

Surely even novice fish breeders know that the rate of increase in the number and mass of individuals, as well as their health, depends on the level of water temperature and its acidity. It is quite difficult to assess these factors on your own, so it is better to use the services of a specialist who can give a fish-biological justification at the end of his work.

The choice of location directly depends on the type of fish. For example, trout feel best at temperatures from 16 0 C to 19 0 C. It is better to keep it in a pond with a depth of at least 15 meters.

But the carp is more thermophilic. It must be kept at a temperature of 24 0 C - 25 0 C. They do not require great depth. One and a half meters will be enough.

It is better to breed any fish in a release pond, so it will be much easier to collect individuals for further sale.

If the entrepreneur has already decided that he will breed fish in the pond, then he has a few more unresolved issues. He must:

choose a growing method;
properly equip the reservoir;
buy necessary inventory;
develop a nutrition system in accordance with the recommendations of more experienced businessmen in this field.

The growth rate and further productivity of adults will depend on the amount of food, the correctly chosen climatic zone and the quality of the water.

Fish breeding method

The growth rate of fish depends on the conditions and place of residence. If it is contained in a pond, then it takes about 1.5-2 years to grow. That is how long it takes the fish to reach a significant mass. To breed individuals in a pond, one of the following methods can be used:

extensive (the fish eats food from the reservoir, no additional additives are used in this case) - almost does not require current investments from the businessman;
intensive (reclamation of the reservoir is carried out to enrich the feed, purchased feed is additionally used) - requires more investment than in the first method, but allows you to increase the growth rate.

In addition to methods, there are also several technologies for growing fish: traditional and continuous.

The traditional format consists of a growing cycle of 2 to 3 years. This technology is used for breeding exclusively herbivorous fish. This technique is not so common today, as it requires a long time. It consists of several stages, ending with the descent of water from the pond. In this case, it is necessary to use several types of ponds - wintering, feeding, fry. During the transplantation of fish, their high mortality is observed.

Increasingly, fish breeders today are using continuous technology, as it is much easier to apply. According to this method, young animals are grown separately, and then planted in a feeding pond for their further growth and reproduction.

Features of the selection of a site for creating a pond

Fish breeding is possible not only outside the city, but also within it, provided that you have your own large plot. The presence of plants in the pond is a must. In no case should there be peat and silt at the bottom. It is important to make sure in advance that the reservoir is suitable for growing and incubation, and not just for keeping individuals.

The decorative elements of the pond can be chosen at your discretion, but during construction, you must take into account the following tips from more experienced entrepreneurs involved in fish farming:

the most suitable pond volume is from 30 to 50 m 2, a smaller pond will need to be carefully monitored, and a larger pond will result in serious costs;
you need to have a pond in a low area;
there must be a shade so that the fish can hide in it in the hot season;
it is better not to make a flat bottom, but to make sections with thresholds, ledges;
each type of fish requires the creation of a reservoir with different types of soil.

When breeding fish in an artificial pond, it will not do without special equipment. The entrepreneur will need:

gravity filter (will filter water, simple and convenient to use);
compressor (will saturate the water with oxygen);
ultraviolet sterilizer (will not allow the reservoir to bloom).

Additionally, other devices may be needed, here everything will already depend on the type of fish grown.

Diet

One of the most important factors for rapid growth is proper feeding of the fish. There is no universal solution here. It all depends on the species grown, because each variety has its own food preferences, grows to a certain size. Of course, much depends on the conditions of detention. If a businessman wants to accelerate the growth of individuals, then it is worth adding protein-rich feed to food.

Fish do not require a large number food. So, to increase the mass by 1 kilogram, the diet must have a value of at least 4,500 kcal.

It is important to monitor the amount of amino acids in food, since it is they that cause appetite and directly affect the rate of weight gain. It also prevents many diseases in fish, especially fry.

A healthy diet should also include:

vegetable and animal fats;
fiber (the volume of its consumption depends on the type of fish farmed, the minimum amount is 20%, for some species this value may be higher);
biologically active substances (these can be enzymes or premixes);
cereals (for example, you can add bran to the feed, they will be an excellent source of carbohydrates);
vitamin B;
products of meat origin (special flour, low-fat dairy products).

Such a balanced diet will allow the fish to grow quickly, maintain their health and reproduction.

Diseases as a cause of high mortality in fish

Sometimes entrepreneurs underestimate the impact of disease on reproduction rates and mortality rates. But when breeding fish in a pond, the risk of disease is very high. That is why it is necessary to check the condition of individuals at least once every 10 days. Freshwater fish are most often characterized by the following diseases:

Disease name	Symptoms of the disease
Rubella	Bulging of the eyes, the skin is inflamed, dropsy begins, small hemorrhages appear.
gill rot	Death of the edges of the gill tissue, pallor of the gills. Large individuals refuse to eat, become inactive.
Discocotylosis	Gill tissue is injured. The disease is especially dangerous for young animals.
Ichthyophthyroidism	White bumps appear on the body.
Dactylogyrosis	Decreased activity level, exhaustion, anemia of the gills, sunken eyes. It usually appears during the hot season. Young individuals are most susceptible to this disease.

Fish marketing channels

Farmed fish are fairly easy to sell. Most often, entrepreneurs use the following sales channels:

fish shops and kiosks;
supermarkets and small shops;
restaurants;
sale to local residents;
internet trading.

To be eligible to sell fish, you must register officially. As a form of tax, it is better to choose ESHN.

The influence of business seasonality on its payback and financial results

Breeding fish in a pond is seasonal business. The peak of growth activity occurs in spring and summer. But even in winter, individuals need to be looked after: feed them, make holes on the ice. Fish are usually sold in the autumn period.

The cost of a kilogram of fish will depend on the season of sale. The lowest prices will be in September, October and November. But in the remaining months, the cost will be slightly higher, which will allow you to get a higher profit for selling the same amount of fish.

It is seasonality in this area of business that is its main drawback, which negatively affects the development of individual farms. Real income is possible for only 3-4 months. All other periods of time will need to be invested.

So that the enterprise does not turn out to be unprofitable, it is necessary to think over all the nuances in advance, draw up detailed business plan with accurate calculations. We must not forget that the level of competition in this area is very high, so working in the fishing industry is for those who are confident in their abilities and are ready to work for the result.

Due to the presence of seasonality, it will not be possible to return your investments quickly. The payback period can reach 6-12 months. And without special knowledge in the fishing industry, you can completely go into the red.

The main cost items will be:

purchase of fry;
purchase of feed and all kinds of additives to them;
purchase of special equipment;
the cost of arranging the pond and its maintenance.

It is possible to hope for high incomes only in case of proper maintenance and care of fish, a constant increase in their numbers. This type of business requires special attention by a businessman or hired staff.

Today, many experts agree that the development of the fishing business as such is a very, very promising direction. The creation of conditions for these purposes is the “golden mean” that can largely solve the problem of state food supply. In the case of fish farming in artificial conditions, uncontrolled fishing and poaching are being replaced by organized fish farming on an industrial scale. But in order to start engaging in this strategically important craft, novice fishery businessmen need to learn a certain number of rules, the observance of which will allow them to create effective plan action and answer the question how to breed fish at home.

Of course, the most important criterion for the existence of a reservoir as such is water.

Immediately before the start of construction, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the water to ensure that its quality complies with official standards for fisheries.

Water quality in fisheries

In general, the quality of water in fish ponds is determined by the following characteristics:

- regular/irregular temperature;

- general transparency;

- color qualities;

- ratio of dissolved gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia);

- the presence of organic substances and biogenic elements such as phosphorus and nitrogen;

- total number of microorganisms, pH - pH;

- salt composition.

As it was already possible to understand, an artificial stocked reservoir and are one and the same. Due proper organization growing fish in artificial conditions, the maximum result is achieved: fish farms are never left without work and, accordingly, without income. Without causing any damage to natural fish resources, fish farms can solve many problems of a strategic, national and even global scale.

This fact is already being confirmed in the West, where this type of farming has been justifying all the hopes placed on it for many decades. The availability of jobs, the improvement of the country's food base, the increase in trade turnover, a positive environmental effect, etc. - all this is achieved with the intensive and integrated development of fish farms.

Before launching a fry into a pond, you should ask about the temperature preferences of a particular fish. All breeds of fish grown in artificial conditions are divided into heat-loving and cold-loving.

The first group includes such fish as carp, crucian carp, grass carp, silver carp, catfish and others. The group of cold-loving fish includes, in particular, salmon: salmon, trout, peled, sterlet, and others. For heat-loving fish species, the most favorable conditions for growth are formed at a temperature of 20-30 C, and for cold-loving species - at 10-20 C. The very possibility of life in water bodies in winter period determined by the properties of water in a stocked pond.

So, for example, experienced fish farmers know that water has the highest density at a temperature of 4 C. But at the freezing point of water, at 0 C, water has a lower density. That is why ice forms on the surface of the reservoir and protects the reservoir from its complete freezing. In this case, nature has thought of everything without human intervention.

In order to choose the right strategy for building a fish farm in advance, you need to know that in a commercial fish farm there are several stages of fish breeding:

- spawning stage

- baby stage

- wintering stage

- growing stage

- feeding stage

Thus, on fish farms, a clear distinction is made between the periods of fish development. In spawning water bodies, they are engaged in the fact that larvae are removed from the eggs, then they are successively transplanted into a fry, nursery and feeding pond. From spring to late autumn, the grown and strengthened young generation lives in feeding ponds.

With the advent of winter, young fish are moved to a special one. In general, by the end of autumn, the fish is able to reach the desired commodity weight and can be successfully implemented.

The main feature of an excellent fish pond is the presence of a variety of biological processes and their complete control. That is, in artificially created reservoirs, they not only grow fish or other inhabitants of fresh waters, but also independently set the necessary course for these biological processes.

The main indicator good control in relation to the fish farm is clean, oxygen-rich water in the reservoir. To maintain a favorable microclimate, you need to take care in advance that there is no methane or hydrogen sulfide in the water.

To do this, it is best to initially ask the relevant services about the geodetic data of the territory. If possible, it is better to hire specialists on your own and conduct a geodetic survey of the area.

In addition to all this, for the most favorable development of fish, many microelements and minerals, such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, nitrogen, etc., must be present in the water. This is achieved with the help of seedlings of special algae species, as well as with the help of artificial enrichment of the reservoir with useful substances. This is now done by specialized companies.

In general, so that the conditions for keeping a fish farm meet all modern standards, you need to understand one simple mechanism: everything in the pond must be interconnected in a ring pattern.

Everyone knows what the process of synthesis in nature is, right? For those who have forgotten school curriculum, recall that synthesis is the exchange between living organisms of energy, which initially enters the earth through the sun's rays.

The same should be strived for when creating and operating a fish farm: all living organisms in a reservoir should be interconnected by natural processes.

With intensive cultivation of fish in artificial conditions, you need to constantly monitor the feeding of fish.

For these purposes, farmers resort to the use of special feed mixtures, which are purchased through dealers or directly from the manufacturing plant. Fish food contains only natural ingredients, such as legumes, grains, bran, cake, as well as some components of animal protein origin.

In order to enrich the natural food base of the fish farm, you can resort to general water fertilization and reclamation of the reservoir. The most intensive methods of rearing fish in artificial conditions include breeding fish in cages and pools.

Feeding fish should be taken more than seriously. It must be clearly understood that there are separate special feeds for larvae, for juveniles and for adults of spawners.

To increase the immunity of fish, fish farmers resort to the use of special feeds, which are called therapeutic stress feeds.

In addition to intensive, there is also an extensive method of growing fish. In these cases, the owners of the farms resort to the natural nutrition of the fish, without the use of any additional feeding.

For any of the methods of growing fish in artificial conditions, the availability of high-quality fish seed is also considered a guarantee of success.

Under the fish seed should be understood the process of biological cultivation of eggs, which is under the full control of specialists in narrow industries. Thus, due to the high level of selection and breeding work, it is possible to significantly increase the overall efficiency of fish farms.

This method allows you to replace the manufacturer with low prices from the very beginning. productive characteristics to the manufacturer with the required quality.

For the same purpose, a special reserve fund of fish seed is being created, which, in adverse conditions compensates in one way or another for the losses that were caused to the fish as a result of a difficult wintering or other circumstances.

As a worthy example of the prospects and opportunities for fish farming, one can cite the fact that scientists from the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the first time in the world obtained valuable black caviar from sturgeon species that are grown under artificial conditions. Moreover, this in every respect unique technology allows, after receiving caviar, not only to save the life of sturgeons and speed up the process of raising valuable fish species up to three or four times, but also to make important step in the preservation of the so-called "Red Book" species.

Obtaining sturgeon caviar at home

Under artificial conditions, it is possible to obtain caviar from such a species of sturgeon as sterlet.

Thanks to the same innovative developments, this process now takes two years, although in natural conditions the sterlet is capable of "milking" by about the fifth year of its life, and some sturgeon spawn only after 12-15 years, when they reach sexual maturity. Almost the same applies to the beluga, which under artificial conditions is capable of spawning twice as fast as under artificial conditions. wild nature. But in general, there is nothing super difficult in the task of obtaining caviar under artificial conditions. For a good result, it is enough to create and maintain optimal conditions in the aquatic environment: water temperature, oxygen content, hydrochemical characteristics, etc.

"Milking" of sturgeons in artificial conditions is far from simple technological process. To get sturgeon caviar, you need to treat the fish like a milkmaid treats a cow.

Stroking and massaging the abdomen, patting the ichthyologist of the mother, and affectionate words also do not hurt. Experts say that with this approach, the amount of black caviar will exceed all expectations. After “milking”, part of the eggs is sent for sale, part is frozen in cryochambers, and part is fertilized, after which the fertilized eggs are transferred using a conventional sieve to the “fish incubator”, where they will stay for several weeks.

By the way, many farmers, after the young individuals grow up, implant microchips in them, and only after that they are released into adulthood. This allows scientists to control the situation and once again rejoice at the effectiveness of their technologies.

Modern methods of breeding fish in artificial conditions were developed and implemented taking into account the realities of today. In other words, the development took into account absolutely all the criteria that could affect the cost of the final product.

So, for example, a closed water supply cycle was developed, a balanced three-time diet, divided by season, temperature regime, light regime, as well as the speed of water flow in artificial reservoirs.

The technology developed by SSC RAS scientists is now used in small farms, and in large industrial production. This method allows for one year to receive marketable products weighing from 1.5 kilograms per unit, and in two years - a fish weighing 3.5 kilograms. Food caviar as a whole is obtained in 3-4 years effective work. One of the "secrets" of such a rapid rate of development of fish in artificial conditions is the fact that scientists artificially create several years and winters for fish in one year.

So, the main conditions accompanying the favorable cultivation of fish in artificial conditions are the general quality of water, diet and diet, as well as temperature and light conditions.

For the most correct selection of equipment, as well as the mode and method of feeding fish, you first need to decide what kind of fish you are going to breed.

What business idea to opt for? Let's try to find an answer to this question. Many of us do not think about how food gets to our dinner table. We are not interested in where and how they were grown or produced, the main thing is the end result. We want to always consume fresh and high-quality products. Live fish have always used and will continue to use in great demand at the population.

It's no secret that many men love to sit with a fishing rod by the pond, relax, fish, and making this hobby their business is a dream for many that can come true if you set a specific goal.

Fish business from scratch

It is possible to make fish farming a business, but before making a final decision, you need to study all the subtleties and pitfalls of this business.

Russia is a great country in which fisheries are highly developed. To be honest, several decades ago our fish farms were among the best in the world. Unfortunately, many of them went bankrupt unable to withstand the competition. foreign companies. Those that still continue to exist are unable to provide the population of the country with the growing needs for live fish. Therefore, fish farming can be a good solution to the issue of supplying your region with these products.

The ideas of growing fish in artificially created reservoirs are not new, but they do not lose their relevance even today.

There are several directions in modern fish farming:

Artificial fish pond

Choosing a suitable site

The site where you can make a fish pond may be located not only in small settlements or beyond, but also in a big city on their own plot of land (if any). If it is not possible to dig a pond or pool, you can make a container from sheet iron.

A reservoir for breeding and raising fish should be suitable for this purpose. The depth of the pond must be at least 150 cm. Its bottom should be free of impurities of peat or silt. Vegetation must be present in the reservoir, but within reasonable limits.

The business will be economically profitable only if the reservoir, in all respects, is suitable not only for keeping fish, but also for its cultivation, selection of caviar and incubation of young animals.

Arranging a fish pond

When creating a pond for breeding fish, you should not focus on its sophistication and decor items. Do not forget that its main goal is to create comfortable conditions for keeping fish.

Consideration should be given to the following when constructing fish ponds: rules and guidelines:

small ponds will require serious maintenance, and large ponds will cost you a lot. Based on this, it follows that the optimal dimensions are within 30 - 50 square meters. meters;
one of the sections of the pond should be in the shade. In addition, it is worth knowing that in order for the pond not to be flooded during spring floods, it should not be located in low areas;
bottom topography is complex, with alternating shallow water with deep water areas, with rapids and ledges of various sizes;
For breeding different types of fish, a variety of soil is required.