What are the types of nurses. Nurse: what is special about this profession? General information about the profession

Nurse is an employee who fulfills the doctor's orders. The person in this position follows the instructions of the doctor, conducts procedures and manages the work of junior medical personnel (nurses, barmaids, cleaners, and so on).

Story

The history of medicine goes back to ancient times. But there was no such profession as a nurse for a long time. The functions of this specialist were performed by students of doctors, who as a result became doctors themselves. The first nurses appeared in the 11th century. They were allocated to communities in many countries of Western Europe. They called them sisters of mercy. Initially, the representatives of this profession provided basic assistance in caring for the sick only to women. But in wartime, the activities of specialists extended to the wounded military.

In 1235, the first hospital appeared, which provided rather than medical, but humanitarian assistance in shelter and care. I opened it for my own funds Countess Elisabeth of Thuringia. For a long time, the workers of this institution were called "Elizabeth". In the same period, similar establishments began to open rapidly throughout Europe. As a result, nurses began to be called "hospital".

In 1617, a new era of nursing begins - the first community is opened in which nursing education is conducted. Since then, the profession has developed rapidly. It consists not only in helping the sick, orphans and lepers, but also in front-line activities. Nurses accompany doctors on the battlefield, caring for the wounded. Over time, they begin to assist in operations. The profession is becoming quite prestigious, and many secular ladies are involved in nursing. A modern nurse has a fairly wide range of duties and is an indispensable assistant to any doctor.

Description

The nurse is the doctor's first assistant. Given the fact that there are a lot of areas of activity, the profession has a strict classification:

• Chief nurse. She is a registered nurse with a degree in nursing. The head nurse is a certified specialist who organizes the work of the middle and junior hospital staff. She distributes responsibilities and controls the process of their timely and accurate implementation.
• Head nurse. This is a kind of hospital administrator. Usually this kind of specialist is assigned to the head of the department. The head nurse supervises and manages the middle and junior medical staff. She is also responsible for supplying the department with all the necessary concomitant medications and supplies.
• Station nurse. The specialist strictly follows the doctor's prescriptions and fulfills them. Usually assigned to certain chambers. This employee cares for patients, monitors medication and nutrition of patients.
• Procedural nurse. This specialist performs all manipulations - injections, installation of droppers, sampling. Also, the procedural nurse is an assistant to the doctor during the procedures that should be performed by the doctor.
• Operating room nurse. Member of the surgical department. The tasks include the preparation of instruments, suture material, underwear for surgical intervention. Also, the specialist submits all necessary tools at the request of the surgeon.
• District nurse. This is a constant companion of the district doctor at the reception of patients. The specialist takes care of patients at home and fulfills doctor's orders, but mostly it is paper work.
• Diet Nurse. This is an assistant nutritionist who controls the quality of products, their processing and compliance with the recommendations of the doctor. Usually works in hospital canteens and distributes menus to destinations.
• Nurse at a narrow specialist. Usually, such specialists can be encountered at the reception at the ENT, ophthalmologist and other specialists in the clinic.
• Junior nurse. Performs minor errands and nursing. The junior nurse cannot perform manipulations, other employees do this.

Nurses are indispensable in medical practice. They help doctors and patients.

What specialties to study as a nurse

To become a nurse, you must complete a college or university degree in nursing.

What you have to do at work and specialization

At work, a nurse daily becomes an intermediary between a doctor and a patient. The specialist communicates with patients, reassuring them and caring for them. In addition, almost every nurse may face the following responsibilities:

• First aid. Every medical worker, from junior to senior staff, should be able to do this.
• Intramuscular and intravenous injections. The nurse must know the anatomy and clearly perform this manipulation.
• Nursing. This is the main responsibility.
• Collection of analyses.
• Distribution of drugs and control of their intake by patients.
• Installation of droppers, if necessary.
• Sterilization of medical instruments.
• Records management.
• Preparation of patients for operations and other procedures.
• Operating room preparation.
• Carrying out medical and preventive procedures. This is the well-known electrophoresis, paraffin, etc.

The list of activities of nurses is quite extensive and directly depends on the position and specialization. They should first of all help the sick, providing care.

Who is a Nurse for?

This profession is primarily suitable for people with a high level of empathy (the ability to empathize) and compassion. The nurse must be a good psychologist and be able to calm the patient before the procedure. It is important to understand that nursing is a profession that requires a high level of stress tolerance. Patients are different and not all recover. Also given profession involves a high level of concentration, accuracy, accuracy, responsibility and the ability to self-organize.

Demand

The nursing profession is in high demand. These employees are needed in every medical institution. The same, especially private ones, constantly appear in our country.

How much do people who work as a nurse earn?

On average, a nurse earns from 14 to 28 thousand rubles a month. This is the average salary throughout the Russian Federation.

Is it easy to get a job as a nurse?

In order to get a job, it is enough to have a diploma of secondary or higher education in the specialty "nursing". Experience will be an added advantage, but not required.

The nurse is interviewed not only with the top management, but also with the doctor with whom she will cooperate. You should be prepared for basic medical questions and demonstrate knowledge and ability to work in stressful situations.

How is a career usually built?

With a degree in nursing only, you can advance to a senior nurse. After receiving a university diploma, feel free to apply for the post of chief nurse.

Many specialists undergo further training in the field of medicine and subsequently become qualified doctors. Previous experience in patient care will be an advantage.

Prospects for the Nurse Profession

The nursing profession is still in its infancy. The prospects for this case are career opportunities to the head nurse.

Upon receipt of higher medical education, you can apply for the post of chief nurse or doctor.

Nurse(nurse) - a specialist in the field of nursing, a professional assistant to the attending physician. The male version of the profession - nurse. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in biology (see choosing a profession for interest in school subjects).

Features of the profession

The doctor or paramedic examines the patient and prescribes treatment, someone must fulfill these appointments: give injections, put droppers, bandage the wound, give medicine, check the temperature, etc. All this is done by a nurse (or nurse) - a specialist from among the nursing staff. Often a nurse communicates with patients even more than a doctor. And the success of the treatment depends on her skill.

The specific set of duties of a nurse depends on the place of work. For example, in a polyclinic, a nurse can help the doctor see patients. it district nurse. She monitors the delivery of outpatient patient cards from the registry (they keep case histories); receives test results and conclusions in the laboratory and X-ray room; makes sure that the doctor always has sterile instruments and the necessary preparations at hand.

In anti-tuberculosis, dermatovenerological, neuropsychiatric dispensaries, as well as in women's and children's consultations, patronage nurses. Patronage (from French patronage - patronage, guardianship) means that medical procedures are carried out at home. Patronage nurses go to patients at home and give them injections, dressings, measure pressure, etc.

Nursein the physiotherapy room conducts medical procedures with the help of special devices: UHF, ultrasound, electrophoresis, etc.

procedural nurse makes injections (including intravenous), takes blood from a vein, puts droppers. All these are very difficult procedures - they require high qualifications and impeccable skills. Especially if the procedural nurse works in a hospital where severe patients can also lie.

Charge nurse- distributes medicines, puts compresses, banks, enemas, makes injections. It also measures temperature, pressure and reports to the attending physician about the well-being of each patient. And if necessary, the nurse provides emergency care (for example, in case of fainting or bleeding).

The health of each patient depends on the work of the ward nurse. Especially if it's a seriously ill patient. In good hospitals, ward nurses (with the help of junior nurses and nurses) take care of weak patients: they feed, wash, change clothes, make sure that there are no bedsores.

A ward nurse has no right to be careless or forgetful. Unfortunately, the work of a ward nurse involves night shifts. This is bad for health.

operating room nurse assists the surgeon and is responsible for the constant readiness of the operating room for work. This is perhaps the most responsible nursing position. And the most favorite among those who at least had a little time to work on operations. The nurse prepares all the necessary instruments, dressings and suture materials for the future operation, ensures their sterility, checks the serviceability of the equipment. And during the operation, he assists the doctor, supplies tools and materials. The success of the operation depends on the coherence of the actions of the doctor and the nurse. This work requires not only good knowledge and skills, but also reaction speed and a strong nervous system. As well as good health: like a surgeon, a nurse has to stand on her feet throughout the operation. If after the operation the patient needs dressings, they are also done operating room nurse.

For sterilization, instruments are referred to sterilization department. The nurse working there is managed with special equipment: steam, ultraviolet chambers, autoclaves, etc.

Head nurse supervises the work of all nurses in a hospital or polyclinic department. She draws up duty schedules, monitors the sanitary condition of the premises, is responsible for household and medical supplies, for the maintenance and safety of medical instruments and devices. In addition to medical duties nurses have to keep records, the head nurse monitors this as well. She also supervises the work of junior medical personnel (orderlies, nurses, nurses, etc.). To do this qualitatively, the head nurse must know the specifics of the department's work to the smallest detail.

junior nurse takes care of the sick: changes clothes, feeds, helps to move bedridden patients inside the hospital. Her duties are similar to those of a nurse, and her medical education is limited to short courses.

This is not a complete list of options for working as a nurse. Each has its own specificity. They are united by the fact that, although a nurse is considered a doctor's assistant, the main goal of a nurse's work is to help sick people. Such work brings moral satisfaction, especially if it is work in a hospital. But it is also very hard work, even if you love it very much. There is no time for smoke breaks and thoughtfulness in the middle of the working day. The most difficult are the departments in which operations are performed and where emergency patients arrive. These are surgery, traumatology, otolaryngology.

Career

Nursing has several career options. It is possible, while remaining in the same position, to improve your qualifications and receive an appropriate salary increase. Another option is administrative: you can become the head nurse of a department or even a hospital. The third option is to continue your education and become a doctor.

But why "sister"?

The fact is that the first nurses appeared under the auspices of the church. And the word "sister" meant kinship not by blood, but by spirituality.

In the 11th century, communities of women and girls appeared in the Netherlands, Germany and other countries to care for the sick. In the XIII century, Countess Elisabeth of Thuringia, later canonized, built a hospital at her own expense, and also organized a shelter for foundlings and orphans, and she herself worked in it. In her honor, the Catholic community of Elizabethans was founded. In peacetime, sister nuns cared only for sick women, and in wartime, they also looked after wounded soldiers. They also cared for those with leprosy.

In 1617 in France, the priest Vincent Paul organized the first community of sisters of mercy. He first proposed this name - "sister of mercy", "elder sister". The community consisted of widows and maidens who were not nuns and did not take any permanent vows. The community was headed by Louise de Marillac, who organized a special school for the training of sisters of mercy and nurses.

Similar communities began to be created in France, the Netherlands, Poland and other countries. By the middle of the 19th century, there were already about 16 thousand sisters of mercy in Western Europe.

In Russia, the profession of a nurse appeared in 1863. Then the order of the Minister of War was issued on the introduction, by agreement with the Exaltation of the Cross community, of permanent nursing care for patients in military hospitals.

Workplace

Nurses and nurses work in hospitals, polyclinics, maternity hospitals, private clinics, children's institutions, military units and hospitals, sanatoriums and rest homes.

Important qualities

The former name of this profession is "sister of mercy". Mercy and sympathy for someone else's pain is one of the most important qualities of a nurse. This must be accompanied by care, accuracy and responsibility. Good coordination of movements is also important (this is especially important for operating rooms, procedural, ward nurses), good memory, the desire to professional growth. Good health and stamina. Allergies to certain drugs can be an obstacle to work. For example, an operating room nurse cannot assist in operations if disinfectant vapors cause her to cough. But in the profession of a nurse, there is such a vast field of activity that you can simply move to another job.

Salary

Salary as of 07/17/2019

Russia 13000—46000 ₽

Moscow 40000—90000 ₽

Knowledge and skills

The nurse must have an understanding of human anatomy and physiology, be able to provide urgent first aid, perform the necessary medical manipulations, ensure infectious safety, and keep records.

Where to study for a Nurse (nurse)

To work as a nurse, you need a secondary medical education. It can be obtained from a medical school or college. Many specializations require additional training. For example, in order to treat people in a physiotherapy room, you need to undergo special training in working with all devices.

In any medical institution there is a strict hierarchy of all nurses. Each nurse has specific rights and responsibilities, depending on her. This separation ensures the efficient and high-quality work of the entire medical department.

Despite the fact that the position of a nurse belongs to junior staff compared to the main specialist - a doctor, one should not belittle her contribution to caring for the health of patients.

The nurse is the doctor's first assistant. The main components of her work, from an ethical point of view, are mercy and humanity towards the sick. It includes patient care, restoration and strengthening of his health, as well as the prevention of various diseases.

There is a special distribution of nurses by category, which depends on the type of activity and education:

1. A woman who has higher education and the specialty "Nursing", can work as a chief nurse. Her responsibilities include monitoring the work of junior and secondary medical workers.
2. supervises the work of ward and junior nurses of the hospital.
3. A nurse who cares for patients in the wards is called a ward nurse or guard nurse.
4. The procedural nurse performs manipulations such as blood sampling, injections and infusions.
5. In the surgeon's operating room, he is assisted by an operating room nurse. She also prepares the instruments, bandages and other things necessary for the operation.
6. The district nurse helps the district doctor to see patients.

The rights of a nurse

Every nurse has the following rights:

In addition, a nurse working in surgery has the right to exercise control over the norms of antiseptics during operations. Also, when meetings are held in a medical institution at which the work of an average honey is discussed. staff, the nurse has the right to attend such a meeting.

Responsibilities of junior and senior nurses

Junior honey. nursing staff, housewives and nurses are considered staff.

These nurses help the ward to care for the sick, maintain order and ensure the comfort of patients in the wards. The housewife should be responsible for economic issues hospitals and supervise the work of nurses.

There are general responsibilities for all junior staff:

• Room cleaning honey. institutions
• Help for ward nurses
• Accompanying and transporting patients around the hospital
• Sanitary and hygienic treatment of patients

The duties of the head nurse are mainly focused on supervising the work of the junior nurse. personnel. They must provide efficient work of his department, draw up for junior staff, ensure discipline and compliance with safety rules in the department. The head nurses are also responsible for receiving and storing medicines and medical equipment.

Responsibility of nurses

In addition to rights and obligations, nurses are responsible for:

• For poor performance of their duties
• For non-compliance with the rules of labor and discipline, non-compliance with safety and fire safety

Very important for every employee medical institution know your rights and obligations clearly. This will help ensure successful activity and harmonious relations within the team.

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The story that nursing is a sexual profession is a stereotype that I completely disagree with.

We are terribly tired at the post: distributing medicines, caring for the sick, filling out paperwork and a thousand other things are tiring. You forget about sexuality after the second night shift. I don't understand what men like about this. At work, nurses get so tired that at best they forget about cosmetics, at worst, a razor becomes an entertainment once a month, so as not to turn into a Yeti at all. The question is in the dressing gown - this is a uniform that smelled of medical alcohol, bleach and other filth - if men like it, then he is either crazy or an alcoholic.

By the way, the attention of men in our hospital is a rarity, which proves the stereotypical opinion about the nurse's costume. My colleagues and I receive compliments or sweets only on holidays, or for some kind of service from women who come to visit their husbands.

Irina, nurse

Our uniform is noticeably different from the sex shop, which is quite frank and defiant. There are two versions in my wardrobe, but for some reason the work uniform is used in great demand from my man than from a sex shop.

According to him, in a dressing gown I look like a strict, serious lady who wants to seduce and tear her clothes to pieces, which he does. Already 5 or 6 times I bought a new bathrobe, but I like it. As for the sexual image, he sees in me a girl of easy virtue, who does not cause disgust, there is no incentive to seduce what is already seduced.

The craving to dress up your beloved as a nurse may be due to the fact that men like everything inaccessible, and our profession is full of seriousness and precision. So they get a small piece of inaccessibility with the help of a suit, but this is my personal opinion. I believe that men choose a companion in whom they will be sure, and all games with ladies of easy virtue are a childish prank that will not go beyond sex.

Elena, nurse

I remember one case, I was still a trainee then, really. After labor day I did not change and came home in a dressing gown. The young man after a long time looking at me in the "image" without a word grabbed my hair and dragged me into the bedroom. Honestly, at that moment I was very scared, it was not like him. Dear, he was so excited that he forgot about condoms and entered me without a “cover”. We had sex for a long time, I was forbidden to take off my bathrobe.

I remembered this sex for a long time, because in addition to sexual satisfaction, I also received a child in addition. But I don’t regret it: they made me an offer, I gave birth to a daughter, became a nurse, and a bathrobe now often appears in our intimate life. I feel sad for those men who have girls against this experience. We need to reincarnate and give pleasure to each other.

Sasha, nurse

I don't think nurse uniforms are sexy unless they're talking about the kind men see in porn all the time. Most likely, from such views, there was a desire to sleep with a nurse, as in the film.

Having worked as a medical worker for a long time, I heard and saw many stories. From personal experience I can say that pretty nurses once or twice definitely had sex in uniform. I'm not an exception. Young single dads often drop in on me, they smile sweetly, flirt and try to get acquainted outside the hospital. I liked one of them terribly and I gave up, despite the strict disposition.

Once he looked at me on the evening shift, then I was going home. We drank a cup of tea, talked, but then something happened, and the man threw me on the table. At that moment it didn't matter if we were at home or at work. I will not dissemble - I liked it to eerily, only now the pleasure was interrupted by a colleague who came to give the keys to the office. It's funny and sad, since the sex had to end, but I will never forget the face of the nurse who came in, red with embarrassment, like the case itself.

To begin with, you will not find a flight attendant with a bad figure and an ugly face. Not everyone, of course, is sexy as they are presented, but they are 100% cute, so by their very nature they cannot repel men. The uniform is just an addition to beautiful girl, which awakens a certain fetish, because we are still on top. I don't think anyone would say no to having sex on a flight with a lady you might never see again.

I didn’t have sex in uniform, but I constantly fight off annoying passengers. They will either try to pinch your ass, or they will say all sorts of obscenities. There was a case when I was offered money for sex. I have never experienced such disgust in my life. Flight attendants are engaged in serious business, they ruin their health and personal life, for what? Certainly not to be filmed like a cheap prostitute.

A suit is a suit, and a profession should not be trivialized, no matter how sexy it is.

Eugene, waiter

I heard about the costumes of nurses, stewardesses and police officers, but for the officers to be attributed to sexuality - the first time. If only we were taken to the maids.

At work, you often have to be rude to drunk and “bold” visitors. You understand, when a man drinks, an alpha wakes up in him, to whom the sea is knee-deep. They shout, whistle at you, and the narrow-minded use the bored: “Kiss-kiss-kiss”. Believe me, at this moment we do not look like a sexual object at all, one has only to look at the twisted physiognomy from what he heard. And in general, it seems to me that you need to be crazy to see something sexy in a waitress costume, because many of us are under 18, and chicks over 40 are pestering.

I like the image of the waitress - excellent! Dress up your women and have fun, but don't distract us at work. If you liked it, it's better to leave a good tip, and not tell vulgarities.

Stanislav Slovikovsky, art director

A nurse from the category - any other attendants. Part of the sexy image is that taking care of you is part of her profession. Honey. the worker is clearly not fun jumping through the forest, but still you are lying in bed next to a caring girl. A similar image, in my opinion, is too hackneyed, so on Halloween I ask you not to come in a nurses costume, you are bored.

I am not a supporter of Freud's interpretations, I do not agree with the constant reference to childhood. An attempt to find a riddle in a behavior model based on childhood experiences is not close to me.

Flight attendants are more interesting, because their profession has historically developed in such a way that when airlines opened in the 40-50s, rather rich people flew. Therefore, sexy girls were specially selected, their photos were placed on all advertising posters. In fact, they told you: "You are flying with these girls." That is, it is already initially a sexual profession, unlike a nurse. Perhaps she became in demand because the client is helpless, and the sister wants to please him.

Andrey Kon, sex journalist

The nurse costume is one of the best-selling in sex shops. White innocent color, neckline and miniskirt look very erotic. Why is the image of a nurse so popular in male fantasies? I think one of the reasons is that she has access to a male body. If a pretty nurse in a short dressing gown gives you an injection in the ass, there is some erotic overtones. With a slight hint of BDSM. And this is then imprinted in the subconscious.

But if you remember the images for role playing, beloved by men - a stewardess, a maid and a nurse - it seems that the stronger sex, in principle, excites the girls who serve them. That is, those who give men the opportunity to dominate.

If we dig even deeper, perhaps the popularity of the image of a nurse is associated with fears of injections and other medical procedures. And sexualization can act for men as a protection and a way to overcome.

I have always believed that the game is the basis of all our actions: making decisions, choosing a life creed and in sexual preferences. It so happened that the game of another and sex with the substitution of a real partner in his fantasy way has always been liked by men (and what a dream to hide - women). The chosen costumes themselves speak volumes, cultural codes and their breaking, religious, political and other preferences. In Catholic countries (Spain, Latin American countries) there is a passion for sexual play on priestly and monastic images. In the south of the American States, a model that grows out of an era of racial segregation and a slave-owning past is a popular model - a white farmer's daughter and an Afro gang bang. Some costumes come to our fantasies from childhood. All these doctors are mother teachers.

One of the reasons, perhaps the main one, why women in uniform turn on men is latent homosexuality, because the uniform is the clothes of masculinity, the uniform makes people same-sex. The second reason, perhaps, is that the form is the visible embodiment of the state’s violence against our desires (violence as a philosophical category of coercion), and here with a young lady in the costume of a prosecutor, a police officer, the opportunity to find oneself in a position of power and force, dominate, dominate.

I like Japanese animation. Therefore, I choose a Japanese school uniform, something from the cartoon "Sailor Moon" - a short tartan and a sailor suit - it's fire!

The stronger sex is predisposed to diversity. After marriage a large number of men gradually notice a decrease in sexual interest in a partner. To diversify his sexual fantasies and feelings, he offers his wife this or that game (they can come up with it together) to restore fading feelings in a couple. It's good when both halves are inclined to discuss urgent problems and be creative in intimate life.

A nurse (nurse) (sister of mercy) is a person with a secondary medical education who works under the guidance of a doctor or paramedic. She does not examine the patient, diagnose, prescribe treatment. A nurse, unlike a paramedic, is not an independent person and fulfills the appointments already made.

Nursing is a sought-after profession in the field of medicine.

Functional responsibilities:

Nursing;

Monitoring the patient's condition;

Performing medical procedures prescribed by a doctor;

Registration and discharge of patients;

Monitoring the nutrition and sanitary condition of patients;

Assistance to the doctor at the reception;
- control over the sanitary and hygienic condition in the department and ward;

Control, accounting and storage of medicines;

Provision of qualified assistance in the care of newborns;

Providing timely medical care in emergency situations;

Providing all possible psychological assistance and support to patients;

Implementation of rehabilitation and preventive measures;

Carrying out sanitary and educational work among the population;

Implementation of propaganda aimed at combating drugs, alcoholism, smoking;

Preparation of medical documentation.

A circle functional duties nurse depends on the place of her work. The nurse is engaged in providing medical care to the patient, performing various medical procedures, diagnosing diseases, acting as an assistant to the doctor in operations, caring for the sick, monitoring the health of patients, and doing massage.

Personal qualities:

Patience and endurance;

Kindness and friendliness;

A responsibility;

Accuracy;

Tact;

sensitivity;

Attentiveness;

Conscientiousness.

Qualifications:

The nurse must have a secondary professional education, understand various medicines, methods of disinfection, know the rules for performing vaccinations, injections, dressings, massage techniques, first aid techniques. A nurse should have such qualities as responsibility, attentiveness, sympathy, sociability, observation, composure, love for people.

Places of work:

Medical institutions (hospitals, sanatoriums, health camps and clinics, maternity hospitals and dispensaries, rehabilitation centers, trauma centers, antenatal clinics and medical units, health centers, outpatient clinics and feldsher-obstetric stations);

Social organizations (orphanages, shelters, colonies, homes for the elderly and disabled, orphanages);

Work in law enforcement agencies (children's reception centers);

Educational institutions (schools, kindergartens and preschool institutions, institutes, colleges, technical schools, colleges);

Work in the Ministry of Emergency Situations, rescue services;

Work in enterprises;

Research institutes;

military organizations.

A nurse can work in clinics, hospitals, dispensaries, medical centers, educational institutions, services social assistance, medical institutions, sanatoriums.

Level wages largely depends on the medical institution, on what resources it has.