Plan of research work and project. The most interesting topics for the project. Designing at school Designing on a scientific theme

Requirements

to the design and content of the research work

Title page

The title page is the first page of the work, but the figure is not put on it, drawings and other illustrations are also unacceptable.

Top center

The name of the institution.

(The top field indicates the full name of the institution.)

Centered

Title of the work (in capital letters).

(The topic is not enclosed in quotation marks and the word “topic” itself is not written. When formulating a topic, one should adhere to the rule: the narrower it is, the more words are contained in the formulation of the topic. A small number of words in the formulation of the topic indicates its vagueness, lack of specificity in the content of the work .

Below is the type of work and the academic subject, for example, teaching and research work in history.)

(Even lower, closer to the right edge of the title page, the surname, name, patronymic are indicated)

Leader information.

Down center

Name locality.

Year of writing.

The lower field indicates the city and year of work (without the word “year”).

The choice of the size and type of font of the title page is not of fundamental importance.

Table of contents

Title of all chapters, sections with page numbers.

Introduction (no more than 2 pages)

The relevance of the problem under study.

Goals and objectives of the study.

Research hypothesis.

Research methods.

Short description work structures.

(The introduction contains a statement of the problem, briefly substantiates the relevance of the chosen topic, formulates the goal and objectives, indicates the object and subject of the study, the chosen method (or methods) of the study. The volume of the introduction should not exceed 2-3 pages.)

Main part (no more than 10 pages)

Consists of theoretical and practical parts. The author makes references to the authors and sources of the materials used.

Conclusions are drawn at the end of each chapter. The conclusions repeat what was said in the chapter.

(In the main part of the work, the methodology and technique of the study are given, the concepts considered in the work are revealed, information is given on the scope of the study and a description practical work, the results obtained are presented and discussed. The content of the main part must exactly correspond to the topic of the work and fully disclose it. The chapters are numbered in order. Each chapter begins with a new leaf and is followed by conclusions. The main text may be accompanied by illustrated material: drawings, photographs, diagrams, diagrams, tables.)

Conclusion

Conclusions should consist of several points summarizing the work performed. The author indicates his personal contribution.

(The conclusion should not verbatim repeat the conclusions of the chapters, but formulate conclusions based on the results of the study and the degree of achievement of the goal of the work, indicates prospects. The most important requirement for the conclusion is its brevity (1-3 pages) and thoroughness..)

Bibliography

In alphabetical order indicate publications, editions and sources, publisher, city, total number of pages.

(At the end of the work, a list of used sources and literature is given (a bibliographic list, at least 3-5). The text of the work should contain references to one or another scientific source. The list includes all sources used by the author (archival materials, newspaper publications, editions), monographs, scientific papers, regardless of where they are published, and also whether the text contains references to works not included in the list or the last ones have not been cited. author in the course of work. When making a list of sources, literature is listed first, and then other sources, sites. The information about the book consistently indicates its author or authors, title, city in which the book was published, publisher, year and number of pages in the text.)

Application

Contains data on the basis of which the study was conducted, tables, diagrams, drawings, photographs.

(Auxiliary or Additional materials if they help to better understand the results obtained.

All quotations, facts, evidence, figures given in the work should have references in the form of footnotes to the materials from which they are borrowed. Two ways to format footnotes:

Method 1 - page by page (all quotations from each page are indicated by numbers, starting with 1, and at the end of the page after the line - last name, initials, title, place of publication, year, page. For example: Montaigne M. Experiments. M., 1991. P.122.

Registration of work

The text of the work must be neatly typed. Handwritten works will not be accepted. The volume of student research work usually ranges from 5 to 30 pages (excluding applications) of printed text, the report - from 1 to 5 pages. The font of the main text of the work should be 14 points, not italic. Line spacing - 1.5-2. Headings are allowed to use fonts up to 28 points. The typeface is of the Times New Roman family. Abstract papers are not accepted. Margin size: left - 30mm, right - 10mm, top - 20mm, bottom - 20mm. When resizing, it must be taken into account that the right and left, as well as the top and bottom margins must be 40mm in total.

With the right parameters, the page should fit an average of 30 lines, and an average of 60 printed characters per line, including punctuation marks and spaces between words. The text is printed on one side of the page. Footnotes and notes are printed on the same page to which they refer, one-spaced, in a smaller font than the text.

All pages are numbered starting from the title page; the number of the page number is placed at the top center of the page; The title page does not have a page number.

Every new section(introduction, chapters, paragraphs, conclusion, list of sources, applications) should start from a new page.

The distance between the section title, chapter or paragraph headings and the following text should be equal to three intervals. The heading is located in the middle of the line, do not put a dot at the end of the heading.

The purpose of the research activity is formulated briefly, in one sentence, and then detailed in tasks.

When formulating a goal, verbs can be used

"prove",

"justify"

"develop".

When formulating tasks -

"analyze"

"describe"

"reveal",

"define",

"install".

(Research tasks should not be too many (3-5).)

The objectives of the study determine its methods and techniques, i.e. techniques and methods used by the researcher. These include:

 observation

 measurement

 comparison

 experiment

 Simulation

 testing

 Questionnaire interviews, etc.

In the conclusion of the study, the author lists the results obtained during the study, formulates conclusions. Moreover, the results should be in a logical connection with the objectives of the study, and the conclusions - with the goal. For example, if the research objectives are formulated with the words “analyze”, “describe”, “identify”, “establish”, then the results are given in the following form: “In the course of this study analysis was carried out ..., identified ..., determined ..., established ...”

Target:

Prove...

(justify...)

(develop...)

Tasks:

Conduct an analysis

Define

Install

Methods:

Observation

Measurement

Experiment, etc.

Results:

During this study

Analyzed

Defined

Installed

Conclusion:

Based on the results of this study

proven...

(justified...)

• Today we can observe rapid changes throughout society that require new qualities from a person. First of all, of course, we are talking about the ability for creative thinking, independence in decision-making, initiative. Naturally, the tasks of developing these qualities are assigned to education, and primarily to the secondary school. Over the past decade, the Olympiad movement has been gaining strength at a rapid pace, the work on conducting the NPC

• R&D should not be only interesting story about what they read and testify only about the erudition of the student, the task of research is the ability to analyze, compare facts and, based on them, draw their own conclusions and conclusions.

 replacement of the research paper with an abstract, i.е. review of various scientific works;

•  replacement of the research paper with an abstract, i.е. review of various scientific works;
•  replacement of research by work of a compiling nature, i.e. connecting segments logically arranged into one whole from different scientific texts;
•  lack of completeness in the work, which is due to the lack of a systematic approach to research activities. Instead of long-term work, a text created in as soon as possible by the method of "storming";
•  the inability of the student to competently lead a discussion to defend the results of their research and answer questions from the audience, which is often a sign of the absence of a preliminary discussion stage at the school level.
• Shortcomings in the design of the study

Speaking about the etymology of the word "research", we note that this concept contains an indication of extracting something "from the trace", i.e. restore a certain order of things by indirect signs, random objects. Consequently, the concept of a person's ability to compare, analyze facts and predict the situation is already here. the concept of the basic skills required of the researcher. The essence of the research work is to compare the data of primary sources, their creative analysis and new conclusions based on it.

• Speaking about the etymology of the word "research", we note that this concept contains an indication of extracting something "from the trace", i.e. restore a certain order of things by indirect signs, random objects. Consequently, the concept of a person's ability to compare, analyze facts and predict the situation is already here. the concept of the basic skills required of the researcher. The essence of the research work is to compare the data of primary sources, their creative analysis and new conclusions based on it.

• Research activity as a whole is understood as such a form of organization of work that is associated with the solution by students of a research problem with a solution unknown in advance.
• The elements of research activities include:
• 1. Research methods.
• 2. Available experimental material.
• 3. Interpretation of data and conclusions arising from them.

• Educational research activities requires a certain preparation of both the student and the teacher. In this joint work, success depends on the preparedness of each of its participants. It is quite natural that the main share of responsibility falls on the leader of the work, who in this case plays the role of a leading, more experienced participant.

• The object area of ​​research is the area of ​​science and practice in which the object of study is located. In school practice, it may correspond to one or another academic discipline such as mathematics, biology, literature, physics, etc.
• The object of study is a certain process or phenomenon that generates a problem situation. The object is a kind of carrier of the problem - what the research activity is aimed at. The concept of the subject of research is closely connected with the concept of an object.
• The subject of research is a specific part of the object within which the search is conducted. The subject of research can be phenomena as a whole, their individual aspects, aspects and relationships between individual parties and the whole (a set of elements, connections, relations in a specific area of ​​the object). It is the subject of research that determines the topic of the work.

A topic is an even narrower area of ​​study within a subject. Choosing a topic for many is a very difficult stage. Students often choose topics that are too broad or complex.

• A topic is an even narrower area of ​​study within a subject. Choosing a topic for many is a very difficult stage. Students often choose topics that are too broad or complex.
• The topic is the perspective from which the problem is considered. It represents the object of study in a certain aspect, characteristic of this work.

• It is equally important to formulate the topic correctly from the very beginning. After all, the topic is a kind of business card research.
• The formulation of the topic reflects the coexistence in science of the already known and not yet explored

a very important stage in preparation for the NPC

• a very important stage in preparation for the NPC
• To substantiate the relevance means to explain the need to study this topic.
• Justifying the relevance of the chosen topic, one should indicate why exactly it and exactly at the moment is relevant (important, requiring research). IT IS OBLIGATORY TO INDICATE THE CONTRADICTION OF THE PROPOSED IDEAS, FACTS

• The resolution of this contradiction is most directly connected with practical necessity. This means that when addressing a particular problem, the researcher needs to clearly understand what practical questions the results of his work can answer.

2. Working with the literature on the topic, the student must master different types of reading, suggesting a different degree of penetration into the material.

• 2. Working with the literature on the topic, the student must master different types of reading, suggesting a different degree of penetration into the material.
• A) Viewing reading is desirable to use in cases where you want to get acquainted with general content book, its chapters or paragraphs, the author of the work. In this case, the title page, table of contents, abstract, separate paragraphs and sentences are usually read.
• B) Introductory (selective) reading will help in finding answers to certain questions from several sources and for comparing and contrasting the information found, developing your own point of view.
• C) Study reading is an active form of detailed reading. It suggests that you read carefully, stopping and thinking about the information.
• It is important to take notes of everything that may be useful to you in your scientific work: interesting thoughts, facts, figures, different points of view. This can be done either in the form of cards or in a separate notebook.
• There is no need to try to include all the available material in the study, no matter how sonorous other names and quotations are - this can only damage the integrity and consistency of the study.

The hypothesis must satisfy a number of requirements:

• The hypothesis must satisfy a number of requirements:
•  be verifiable;
•  contain an assumption;
•  be logically consistent;
•  Conform to the facts.
• When formulating a hypothesis, verbal constructions of the type are usually used: “if ..., then ...”; "because..."; "provided that ...", i.e. those that direct the attention of the researcher to the disclosure of the essence of the phenomenon, the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships.

The purpose of the study is final result, which the researcher would like to achieve at the end of his work.

• The goal of the study is the end result that the researcher would like to achieve when completing his work.
•  reveal...;
•  install...;
•  substantiate...;
•  clarify...;
•  Develop...

• The task of the study is the choice of ways and means to achieve the goal in accordance with the hypothesis put forward.
• Objectives are best formulated as a statement of what needs to be done in order for the goal to be achieved.
• The setting of tasks is based on the division of the research goal into subgoals. The enumeration of tasks is based on the principle from the least complex to the most complex, time-consuming, and their number is determined by the depth of the study.

Method is a way to achieve the goal of the study

• Method is a way to achieve the goal of the study
• A) Theoretical methods: analysis, synthesis, modeling, abstraction
• B) Empirical: comparison, experiment
• C) mathematical: data visualization (functions, graphs, etc.).

Conducting a study includes two successive stages: the actual conduct (the so-called technological stage) and the analytical, reflective stage.

• Conducting a study includes two successive stages: the actual conduct (the so-called technological stage) and the analytical, reflective stage.
• In the work plan, it is necessary to indicate the purpose of the planned experiments; list the inventory necessary for their implementation; forms of entries in draft notebooks. The work plan also includes primary processing and analysis of the results of practical actions, the stage of their verification.

1 block - theory and conceptual apparatus

• 1 block - theory and conceptual apparatus
• 2 block - description of the experimental part of the work
• Block 3 includes the presentation of the results of the study (think about how to present the results of your research at the city conference, work out the presentation forms)

basic design requirements:

• basic design requirements:
• by content:
• - substantiation of the relevance of the topic;
• - the main thesis;
• - argumentation, evidence and facts confirming the thesis put forward;
• - main conclusions;

At the beginning of the article, its main thesis is put forward,

• At the beginning of the article, its main thesis is put forward,
• which is then subjected to a reasoned proof in the main part.
• At the end of the article, conclusions are placed that confirm or refute all of the above.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Introduction 3
• Chapter 1 4
• 1.1 8
• 1.2 11
• Chapter 2 16
• 2.1 20
• 2..2 23
• Conclusion 25
• References 27
• Applications
• Appendix 1 28
• Appendix 2 30

• The introduction should include: a statement of the topic; The relevance of research; research problem; object, subject; purpose, tasks; hypotheses; research methods; research stages; study structure; its practical significance

The main (substantive) part of the work may contain 2-3 chapters. (The name of this part as the main one is rather connected with its greater volume than the other parts, rather than with the value, since, for example, the introduction is no less significant part of the work).

• The main (substantive) part of the work may contain 2-3 chapters. (The name of this part as the main one is rather connected with its greater volume than the other parts, rather than with the value, since, for example, the introduction is no less significant part of the work).
• Chapter 1 usually contains the results of the analysis of special literature, the theoretical substantiation of the research topic;
• chapters 2-3 describe the practical stages of work, interpretation of data, identification of certain patterns in the phenomena under study during the experiment. Each chapter ends with conclusions.

A book by one or more authors:

• A book by one or more authors:
• 1. Mayorov A.N. Theory and practice of creating tests for the education system. - M.: Intellecttsentr, 2001. - 296 p.
• 2. Shishov S.E., Kalney V.A. Monitoring the quality of education in school. - M.: Russian Pedagogical Society, 1998. - 354 p.
• 3. Goss B.C., Semenyuk E.P., Ursul A.D. Categories of modern science: Formation and development. - M.: Thought, 1984. - 268 p.
• Collection with a collective author:
• Theoretical problems and technologies innovation management in education: Sat. scientific articles / Comp. O.S. Orlov. - Veliky Novgorod: RIS, 2000.-180 p.
• Newspaper and magazine article:
• Mikhailov G.S. Psychology of decision making // Journal of Applied Psychology. - 2001. - No. 5. - P.2-19.
• Encyclopedia and dictionary entry:
• Biryukov B.V., Gastev Yu.A., Geller E.S. Modeling // TSB. - 3rd ed. - M., 1974. - T. 16. - S. 393-395.
• Innovation // Dictionary-reference book on scientific and technical creativity. -Minsk, 1995.-S. 50-51

According to the content, among the applications, copies of documents, statistical materials, etc. are distinguished. In form, they are texts, graphs, maps, tables, etc.

• According to the content, among the applications, copies of documents, statistical materials, etc. are distinguished. In form, they are texts, graphs, maps, tables, etc.
• An appendix is ​​a part of the text of a scientific study that has an additional (usually reference) value necessary for a more complete coverage of the topic. It is placed after the main text.

It should be remembered that the entire performance is given no more than 5-7 minutes. According to the regulations, you can count on an additional 1-2 minutes, but no more. Neither the topic (it has already been announced), nor what was read (the list of references) should be discussed. Protection in no case should be reduced to a retelling of the entire content of the work. If you failed to interest the audience in the time allotted according to the regulations, its extension will only increase misunderstanding and irritation of the listeners.

• It should be remembered that the entire performance is given no more than 5-7 minutes. According to the regulations, you can count on an additional 1-2 minutes, but no more. Neither the topic (it has already been announced), nor what was read (the list of references) should be discussed. Protection in no case should be reduced to a retelling of the entire content of the work. If you failed to interest the audience in the time allotted according to the regulations, its extension will only increase misunderstanding and irritation of the listeners.

Special attention pay attention to the speech of the speaker. It should be clear, grammatically accurate, confident, expressive. If the speaker tries to speak quickly, swallowing the endings of words, quietly, indistinctly, then the quality of his speech is reduced. A calm, consistent and well-reasoned presentation of the material impresses the listeners.

• Pay special attention to the speech of the speaker. It should be clear, grammatically accurate, confident, expressive. If the speaker tries to speak quickly, swallowing the endings of words, quietly, indistinctly, then the quality of his speech is reduced. A calm, consistent and well-reasoned presentation of the material impresses the listeners.

When answering questions, do not forget about simple rules.

• When answering questions, do not forget about simple rules.
• If question asked is outside the scope of your research, do not come up with an answer on the go that is not supported by the result of the study. It is perfectly acceptable to say that this was not the subject of your research or that it is planned to be investigated in the next stage.

logic;

• logic;
• accuracy;
• clarity;
• availability;
• persuasiveness;
• interestingness;
• expressiveness;
• confidence;
• contact with listeners;
• appropriateness of gestures;
• facial expression, etc.

• To make the report interesting and convincing, one should provide theoretical provisions and conclusions with examples from texts, try to use simple sentences, as precise formulations as possible.

Municipal budgetary educational institution"Secondary school in the village. Ust-Omchug" XIV SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "WE AND THE WORLD OF BIG PROBLEMS" Title of the work (type of creative work)

6 Contents (table of contents) Includes an introduction, titles of all sections, subsections, paragraphs and a conclusion indicating the numbers of the initial pages. The wording of the table of contents should exactly repeat the headings of chapters and subchapters, paragraphs in the text, be concise and understandable. Pages should be arranged in the following order: Title page (page 1) Table of contents (page 2) Introduction (justification of the chosen topic) Main body Conclusion (conclusions) List of information resources used Applications (if any)

The table of contents (work plan) is placed on page 2, where all the headings of the work are indicated and the pages from which they begin The plan can be simple or complex The plan must contain paragraphs - introduction, main body, conclusion and bibliographic list Each paragraph of the plan has its own page Sheet with the plan is not numbered, but is considered page 2

Research work: (design-research, abstract-research) I. Introduction 1. Relevance and research problem 2. Hypothesis. Target. Tasks 3. Object and subject of research. Novelty 4. Research methods and sources of information used II. Main part. Title of work 1. (Stages and course of research ………). 2. ………………………………………..: a). ……………………. ; b). ……………………..; V). ……………………... III. Conclusion 1. The results of the study, their significance 2. Conclusions. Perspectives IV. List of Information Resources Used V. Applications

Project work I. The main idea and design of the project II. Relevance (you can specify the problem, hypothesis - if any) III. Stages of project development, types of work at each stage (you can specify the purpose and objectives of the stages - if any) 1.……….. 2.……….. IV. Distribution of roles and positions in the project V. Resources VI. Results of the project implementation VII. List of used information resources (if any) VIII. Annexes (if any) The type of work has its own work plan

Author's work: 1. The main idea of ​​this work 2. Stages of work on the implementation of the creative idea: a). ………..; b). …………. 1. Results of the work 2. Appendix (creative developments can be attached to the text: video materials, drawings, sketches, working materials, etc.)

11 Introduction The section should contain a statement of the problem within the framework of the chosen topic and justification for the choice of the problem and topic. The introduction gives a brief description of the topic under study, substantiates its relevance, the author's personal interest in its study, notes the practical significance of studying this issue, where it can be used. It also lists the specific tasks to be solved in accordance with the goal. The volume of the introduction is approximately 1/10 of the total volume of work. The introduction is a crucial part of the work, a kind of its calling card. But it is better to write the full text of the introduction after the completion of work on the main part, when the results of the work will be clearly visible.

Theme is the definition of the essence. In order to formulate a topic, it is necessary, first of all, to identify the problem, to determine the object and subject of research. A problem is a statement of a question that needs to be solved, to study what has not been studied. Problems (example) usually consist in identifying new or unknown persons, relatives, the facts of their biographies, creating (restoring) the pedigree of one's own or another person, etc.

The object of research is a process or phenomenon that generates a problem situation and is chosen for study. The subject of research is within the boundaries of the object, is its side, aspect or point of view. The subject of research can be the study of the fate of a real person, a specific pedigree, a genealogical tree of the genus.

The purpose of the study is its end result, the decision scientific problem what should be achieved in the end (noun) The formulation of research objectives is necessary to specify the purpose of the research (verbs) Tasks can be aimed at analysis, generalization, identification, justification, development, evaluation certain aspects common problem, the solution of which leads to the solution of the problem itself

Written (printed and handwritten: books, magazines, newspapers, memoirs, personal and public documents, etc.), - pictorial (photographs, drawings, posters, geographical maps, etc.), - material (household items, handicrafts, family - clothing relics, etc.), - oral (conversations, interviews, etc.), - technotronic (audio-visual, video-visual, multimedia or computer), - complex (objects containing elements of sources different types). Research sources

Research methods are the methods, techniques by which research is carried out. They consist in the possibility of applying old knowledge to obtain new knowledge. 1. Accumulation of scientific material: study of literature and sources; familiarization with the history and theory of the issue, achievements in related fields; consultation; observation. 2. Understanding the collected material: comparison; measurement; analysis and synthesis; generalization; analogy; modeling. 3. Verification and clarification of facts: criticism; clarification of the conclusions drawn, adjustment; the discussion of the results; experiment, test in practice.

17 Language clichés used in the introduction: Topic The work (research, project, abstract) is devoted to the topic, problem, topical issue… The work (…) is devoted to the characterization of the problem… The theme of the work (…) is… In the work (…)… it is considered (what?), it is said (about what?), it is evaluated, analyzed (what?), generalized (what?), a point of view is presented (on what?), etc. And also, for example, such verbs are used: study ... identify ... establish ... etc.

19 The relevance of the topic (problem) to which the work (research, project, abstract) is devoted This topic (problem) is of particular relevance, since ... This topic (problem) is extremely relevant in recent years (on present stage) ... This topic (problem) attracts the attention of many scientists (critics, teachers, etc.) In modern science, the topic (what?) is especially acute ...

21 Main part This section should cover the topic. In the main part, usually divided into chapters, it is necessary to disclose all the points of the drawn up plan, to coherently present the accumulated and analyzed material. The essence of the problem, different points of view on it, the own position of the author of the study are stated. It is important to ensure that the main idea put forward in the introduction permeates the entire work, and all material is aimed at revealing the main tasks. Each section of the main part should open with a specific task and end with brief conclusions.

23 Footnotes are inline, sublinear and beyond text. Intratext Intratext footnotes are an inseparable part of the main text. For example, "In a famous book ...". Footnotes Footnotes are placed under the line at the bottom of the page indicating the number of the footnote or some icon. Out-of-text Out-of-text footnotes are placed outside the text of the entire abstract or part of it, in which case they should be numbered through (through the entire work). An abbreviated version of the footnote is allowed, for example: . This means that the quote is taken from page 15 of the source, which is number 7 in the list of sources and references.

24 Conclusion In the conclusion, the results of the entire work are summarized, conclusions are summarized that contain clear answers to the questions posed for the purpose of the study, own generalizations are made (sometimes taking into account various points point of view on the stated problem), it is noted what is new that has been obtained as a result of work on this topic. The conclusion should not exceed the length of the introduction. Should be avoided common mistakes: passion for secondary material, avoidance of the problem, categorical and variegated presentation, poor or too scientific language, inaccurate citation, lack of references to the source.

25 Language clichés used in the conclusion: The author comes to the conclusion that... In conclusion, we can say... Summarizing what has been said, we can conclude that... The analysis of the literature allowed us to identify the most reasonable point of view (which one?) From all that has been said, it follows that the most conclusive is the opinion (whose?). On the basis of these data, we accept the point of view (what?), etc.

26 List of information resources The list of used information resources is being completed. It records only those sources with which the author of the work (research, project, abstract) worked. The list is compiled in alphabetical order by the names of authors or titles of books. If there are several works by the same author, their titles are arranged according to the year of publication. If separate pages from the book were involved, they are indicated. Foreign sources (published in a foreign language) are listed at the end of the entire list.

27 The list of literature used to write the work (...) is compiled according to next rule: -Ordinal number of the literary source. - Surname, initials of the author. - The full title of the book (without quotes, except if the title is a quote). - Type of publication (Text, art production, electronic edition, etc.). - Place (city) of publication. - Publisher. - Year of publication - a number without the letter "g." - The number of pages (or other information about the volume of the publication, corresponding to its type).

28 An article from the collection is written as follows: - Serial number of the source. - Surname, initials of the author. - Title of the article [Type of publication] // Title of the collection: Subtitle / Editor. Compiled. - Place (city) of publication. - The year of publishing. An article from a magazine or newspaper: - The serial number of the source. - Surname, initials of the author. - Title of the article [Type of publication] // Name of the journal. -Year of issue. - Issue number. - Article pages.

29 For example: Books: 1.Vorontsov, G.A. Fundamentals of library science and work with the book [Text]: Uchebn. guide for teachers and students cf. specialist. uch. establishments. -M.: graduate School, With. 2. Lvov, Yu.A. Fundamentals of economics and business organization [Text]. SPb.: GMP "Formika", p. 3. Organization and methodology of business meetings: Tutorial. [Text]. Kyiv: MAUP, From the encyclopedia: Gvozdetsky, N.A. Elbrus [Text] // TSB 3rd ed. - -M: T.30. P.151.

30 Journal: 1. Alexandrova, Z. Legal regulation labor of civil servants [Text] // Russian language and literature in secondary educational institutions Ukrainian SSR P. 16 – Semyonov, Yu. 21. P.24 - 32; 22, pp. 24–31; 23. P.24–31; 24. P.24–32.

32 For example: For example: 1. Web document: Smolnikova I.A. Working abstract for introducing information technologies at school. Center "Informatics". [ Electronic resource] 2. Teleconference: Rozina I.N. Questions for teachers providing distance learning using computer telecommunications in Russia and the USA. January 7 GROUP issue.offline, ART 629 (18 atdhfkz 1999). 3. Electronic resource on CD: Art Encyclopedia of Foreign Classical Art [Electronic resource]. Electron. text, graphic, sound Dan. and applied prog. (546 MB). Moscow: Bolshaya Ros. encycle. [and others], electron. opt. disk (CD-ROM): sound, color, 12 cm + hands. user (1 sheet) + postcard (1 sheet).

33 Appendices Appendices to the abstract allow you to raise the level of work, more fully reveal the topic. Applications may include: copies of documents (with the indication "photocopied from ..." or "redrawn from ..."), graphics, tables, photographs, charts, diagrams, etc. Applications are located at the end of the abstract. The application must have a title or an explanatory caption and the type of attached information - diagram, list, table, etc. The source is also reported, from where the materials that served as the basis for compiling the appendix were taken (the literary source must be included in the list of references). Each appendix begins on a new sheet, numbered so that it can be referred to in the text using parentheses, for example: (Appendix 5). The pages on which the appendices are given continue the general numbering of the text, but are not included in the total volume of the abstract.

34 Systematization of material in tabular form A table is used if it is necessary to systematize digital or textual material in the form of columns (columns), or to highlight various parameters. Basic elements of a table A table can have a title. It is performed in lowercase letters (except for the first capital) and placed above the table. The title should fully reflect the content of the table. Headings of the columns of the table begin with capital letters, subheadings - with lowercase letters, if they make up one sentence with the heading of the column. Subheadings that have independent meaning are capitalized. Do not put dots at the end of headings and subheadings. The main word of the title is placed in singular. Headings and subheadings of the graph are performed at one interval.

35 Design of illustrations Illustrations include graphs, diagrams, diagrams, drawings, photographs, etc. Each type of illustration must have a name consisting of the following parts placed under the illustration: 1. Conventional abbreviated name "Fig.". 2. Serial number within the work, denoted Arabic numerals no sign. 3. The name of the illustration, reflecting its main content. For example, Fig.3. Scheme of the management structure of Berkut OJSC. If necessary, illustrations are provided with explanatory data (figure text). If only one illustration is given, then it is not numbered and the word "Fig." do not write. Usually illustrations are placed after their first mention in the text.

36 Requirements for the design of the work Pages of the text and applications of the abstract must comply with the A4 format (210x297). The volume of work should not exceed 20 - 25 pages of printed text (without attachments). If there are applications, the volume of the abstract can be extended to pages. For computer-generated text, font size 12-14, Times New Roman, normal; line spacing 1.5-2; margins: left 30 mm, right 10 mm, top 20 mm, bottom 20 mm. Text is printed on one side of the page; footnotes and notes are printed on the same page they refer to (with 1 spacing, in a smaller font than the text).

37 All pages are numbered starting from the title page; the digit of the page number is often placed at the top center of the page; The title page and the table of contents do not have a page number. Each new section (introduction, chapters, paragraphs, conclusion, list of sources, applications) starts on a new page. The distance between the section title (chapter and paragraph headings) and the following text should be equal to three intervals. The heading is located in the middle of the line, do not put a dot at the end of the heading. Heading hyphens are not allowed.

1. The texts of the works must be verified in terms of lexical and stylistic literacy. 2. It is necessary to check the historical dates and facts mentioned in the text in reference books and encyclopedias; surnames, names and patronymics, dates of life individuals; use complex scientific words and expressions correctly. 3. When using special terms and concepts, it is not necessary to provide a dictionary at the end of the work, but it is necessary to use professional vocabulary only if the author of the work fully understands it. 4. Applications to work must be annotated. (captions for photographs, diagrams, maps, memoirs, interviews, reproductions, illustrations, etc.) Text requirements

5. When quoting individual statements, different points of view, memoirs, records of conversations, etc. it is necessary to correctly and accurately draw up footnotes to the source. 6. When using any other information carrier (video recording, audio cassette, letter, picture, copy, certificate, etc.), it is necessary to indicate where this primary source is stored (museum, archive indicating the fund and other output data). 7. Be sure to indicate full list sources on which the this work. 8. Be sure to indicate the list of local history and scientific literature used in this work. At the same time, it is important to correctly, according to the currently accepted bibliographic rules (GOSTs).

40 Criteria for evaluating work Criteria for evaluating work can be both general and particular. The general criteria include the following: correspondence of the work to the topic, depth and completeness of the disclosure of the topic, adequacy of the transmission of the primary source, consistency, coherence, evidence, structural order (presence of an introduction, main part, conclusion, their optimal ratio), design (presence of a plan, a list of information sources, citation culture, footnotes, etc.); linguistic correctness.

41 Particular criteria Refer to specific structural parts of the work: introduction, main part, conclusion. Criteria for assessing the introduction: 1. Criteria for assessing the introduction: the existence of a justification for the choice of topic, its relevance; the presence of formulated problems, hypotheses, goals and objectives of the work, the object and subject of research, novelty. Availability brief description primary sources.

42 Criteria for evaluating the main part: structuring the material into sections, paragraphs, paragraphs; the presence of headings to parts of the text and their successful wording; problematic and versatility in the presentation of the material, highlighting the main concepts and terms in the text, their interpretation, the presence of examples illustrating theoretical positions.

44 Information resources 1. Vorontsov, G.A. Abstract work. [Text]. Rostov n/a: Publishing Center "Mart", p. 2. GOST "Abstract and Abstract" 3. Kalmykova, I.R. Abstract as a form of oral final assessment of students in grades 9 and 11 [Text]. // Education in modern school C Interstate standard “Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and drafting rules” [Text] Abstract (preparation, execution and defense procedure) [Text]. // Practice of administrative work at school Rozina, I.N. Registration of bibliographic references to electronic information resources. Rostov State Pedagogical University. [Electronic resource]. 7. Shilova, O.N., Lebedeva, M.B. How to develop an effective teaching and learning package using information technologies. [Text]. Moscow: Intuit.ru, p.

HOW TO PROPERLY DESIGN AND PREPARE creative work at NPK Kemerovo 2014 25.07.2014 * * * * * * * title page; content (table of contents); introduction; main part; conclusion; list of sources used; applications. 2 Is the first page and serves as a source of information necessary for processing and searching for a document. 3 Municipal budgetary educational institution "Lyceum No. 89" XX SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "First experience" (Field of work) chemistry Title of work (type of creative work) Author: Egorov Egor, 10 "A" class Supervisor: Ivanova R.L., teacher Mathematics Kemerovo 2014 Types creative works * Research work * Abstract-research work * Design-research work * Design work * Author's work * Includes an introduction, the title of all sections, subsections, paragraphs and a conclusion indicating the numbers of the initial pages. The wording of the table of contents should exactly repeat the headings of chapters and subchapters, paragraphs in the text, be concise and understandable. Pages should be arranged in the following order: Title page (page 1) Table of contents (page 2) Introduction (justification of the chosen topic) Main part Conclusion (conclusions) List of information resources used Applications (if any) 6 * Table of contents (work plan) is placed on page No. 2, where all the headings of the work are indicated and the pages from which they begin * The plan can be simple or complex * The plan must contain paragraphs - introduction, main body, conclusion and bibliographic list * Each paragraph of the plan has its own page * Sheet with the plan is not numbered, but is considered page No. 2 Research work: (design and research, abstract and research) I. Introduction 1. Relevance and research problem 2. Hypothesis. Target. Tasks 3. Object and subject of research. Novelty 4. Research methods and sources of information used II. Main part. Title of work 1. (Stages and course of research ………) . 2. ………………………………………..: a). ……………………. ; b). ……………………..; V). …………………….. . III. Conclusion 1. The results of the study, their significance 2. Conclusions. Perspectives IV. List of used information resources V. Applications Each type of work has its own plan Project work I. The main idea and concept of the project II. Relevance (you can specify the problem, hypothesis - if any) III. Stages of project development, types of work at each stage (you can specify the purpose and objectives of the stages - if any) 1. 2. ……….. ……….. IV. Distribution of roles and positions in the project V. Resources VI. Results of the project implementation VII. List of used information resources (if any) VIII. Applications (if any) Author's work: 1. 2. The main idea of ​​this work Stages of work on the implementation of the creative idea: a). ………..; b). …………. 1. Results of the work 2. Appendix (creative developments can be attached to the text: video materials, drawings, sketches, working materials, etc.) Introduction The section should contain a statement of the problem within the framework of the chosen topic and justification for the choice of the problem and topic. The introduction gives a brief description of the topic under study, substantiates its relevance, the author's personal interest in its study, notes the practical significance and novelty of studying this issue, where it can be used. Here is the goal and specific tasks to be solved. A hypothesis, object and subject of research are expressed. The volume of the introduction is approximately 1/10 of the total volume of work. The introduction is a crucial part of the work, a kind of its calling card. But it is better to write the full text of the introduction after the completion of work on the main part, when the results of the work will be clearly visible. 11 * Theme is the definition of the essence. In order to formulate a topic, it is necessary, first of all, to identify the problem, to determine the object and subject of research. * A problem is a statement of a question that needs a solution, a study of what has not been studied. Problems (example) usually consist in identifying new or unknown persons, relatives, the facts of their biographies, creating (restoring) the pedigree of one's own or another person, etc. * The object of research is a process or phenomenon that generates a problem situation and is chosen for study. * The subject of the study is within the boundaries of the object, is its side, aspect or point of view. The subject of research can be the study of the fate of a real person, a specific pedigree, a genealogical tree of the genus. The purpose of the study is its final result, the solution of a scientific problem, which should eventually be reached (noun) The formulation of the research objectives is necessary to specify the purpose of the study (verbs) a common problem, the solution of which leads to the solution of the problem itself Sources of research - written (printed and handwritten: books, magazines, newspapers, memoirs, personal and public documents, etc.), - visual (photographs, drawings, posters, maps, etc.) ), - material (household items, handicrafts, family relics, etc.), - oral (conversations, interviews, etc.), - technotronic (audiovisual, videovisual, multimedia or computer), - complex (objects containing elements of sources of different types). Research methods are the methods, techniques by which research is carried out. They consist in the possibility of applying old knowledge to obtain new knowledge. 1. Accumulation of scientific material: study of literature and sources; familiarization with the history and theory of the issue, achievements in related fields; consultation; observation. 2. Understanding the collected material: comparison; measurement; analysis and synthesis; generalization; analogy; modeling. 3. Verification and clarification of facts: criticism; clarification of the conclusions drawn, adjustment; the discussion of the results; experiment, test in practice. * Language clichés used in the introduction: * Topic * The work (research, project, abstract) is devoted to the topic, problem, topical issue ... * The work (...) is devoted to the characteristics of the problem ... * The topic of the work (...) is ... * In the work (...) ... is considered (what?), It is said (about what?), Evaluation is given, analysis (of what?), Generalized (what?), A point of view is presented (on what?), etc. *And also used, for example, such verbs: 17 to study… to reveal… to establish… etc. * Problem * The author focuses on ... * The author puts forward ... * The main efforts of the author are aimed at ... * In his work, the author poses (affects, illuminates) the following problems ... ... dwells on the following problems, etc. 18 *The relevance of the topic (problem) to which the work (research, project, abstract) is devoted *This topic (problem) is of particular relevance, since ... *This topic (problem) is extremely relevant in recent years (at the present stage) ... *This the topic (problem) attracts the attention of many scientists (critics, educators, etc.) * In modern science, the topic (what?) becomes especially acute ... 19 * Characteristics of the primary sources used by the author of the work (...) * The author draws on the following materials for analysis ... * The research material was… * The work (…) is based on research materials… 20 Main part In this section, the topic should be disclosed. In the main part, usually divided into chapters, it is necessary to disclose all the points of the drawn up plan, to coherently present the accumulated and analyzed material. The essence of the problem, different points of view on it, the own position of the author of the study are stated. It is important to ensure that the main idea put forward in the introduction permeates the entire work, and all material is aimed at revealing the main tasks. Each section of the main part should open with a specific task and end with brief conclusions. 21 * References and footnotes in the text of the abstract must be formatted correctly. When quoting, you should give precise indications (links from where the quotation was taken): surname, initials of the author, place of publication, year of publication, volume number, page. * 22 Footnotes are inline, sublinear and beyond text. Intratext footnotes are an inseparable part of the main text. For example, "In a famous book ...". Footnotes are placed under the line at the bottom of the page indicating the number of the footnote or some icon. Out-of-text footnotes are placed outside the text of the entire abstract or part of it, in which case they should be numbered through (through the entire work). An abbreviated version of the footnote is allowed, for example: . This means that the quote is taken from page 15 of the source, which is number 7 in the list of sources and references. 23 * Conclusion In the conclusion, the results of the entire work are summed up, conclusions are summarized that contain clear answers to the questions posed for the purpose of the study, their own generalizations are made (sometimes taking into account different points of view on the problem presented), new things that have been obtained as a result of work on this problem are noted. topic. The conclusion should not exceed the length of the introduction. Typical mistakes should be avoided: passion for secondary material, avoidance of the problem, categorical and variegated presentation, poor or too scientific language, inaccurate quoting, lack of references to the source. 24 Linguistic clichés used in the conclusion: The author comes to the conclusion, the conclusion that ... In conclusion, we can say ... Summarizing what has been said, we can conclude that ... Analysis of the literature allowed us to identify the most reasonable point of view (which one?) From all that has been said, it follows that the most conclusive is the opinion (whose?). On the basis of these data, we accept the point of view (what?), etc. 25 List of information resources The list of used information resources is being completed. It records only those sources with which the author of the work (research, project, abstract) worked. The list is compiled in alphabetical order by the names of authors or titles of books. If there are several works by the same author, their titles are arranged according to the year of publication. If separate pages from the book were involved, they are indicated. Foreign sources (published in a foreign language) are listed at the end of the entire list. 26 The list of literature used to write the work (...) is compiled according to the following rule: - The serial number of the literary source. - Surname, initials of the author. - The full title of the book (without quotes, except if the title is a quote). - Type of publication (Text, art production, electronic edition, etc.). - Place (city) of publication. - Publisher. - Year of publication - a number without the letter "g." - The number of pages (or other information about the volume of the publication, corresponding to its type). 27 An article from the collection is written as follows: - Serial number of the source. - Surname, initials of the author. - Title of the article [Type of publication] // Title of the collection: Subtitle / Editor. Compiled. - Place (city) of publication. - The year of publishing. Article from a magazine or newspaper: - Serial number of the source. - Surname, initials of the author. - Title of the article [Type of publication] // Name of the journal. - Year of issue. - Issue number. - Article pages. 28 For example: Books: 1. Vorontsov, G.A. Fundamentals of library science and work with the book [Text]: Uchebn. guide for teachers and students cf. specialist. uch. establishments. -M.: Higher school, 1977. 83 p. 2. Lvov, Yu.A. Fundamentals of economics and business organization [Text]. St. Petersburg: GMP "Formika", 1992. 383 p. 3. Organization and methodology of business meetings: Textbook. [Text]. Kyiv: MAUP, 1995. 4. From the encyclopedia: Gvozdetsky, N.A. Elbrus [Text] // TSB 3rd ed. --M:. 1978. V.30. P.151. 29 Journal: 1. Aleksandrova, Z. Legal regulation of the labor of civil servants [Text] // Russian language and literature in secondary educational institutions of the Ukrainian SSR. 1989. No. 1. P. 16 - 19. 2. Semenov, Yu. Intransigence: A novel-chronicle [Text] / / Change 1987. No. 20. pp.25–32; No. 21. P.24 - 32; No. 22. pp. 24–31; No. 23. pp.24–31; No. 24. pp.24–32. 30 * Particular attention should be paid to the design of such information resources as Internet sources and electronic resources on CDs (electronic encyclopedias, electronic textbooks). 31 For example: 1. Web document: Smolnikova I.A. Working abstract for introducing information technologies at school. Center "Informatics". [Electronic resource] http://www.informika.ru/text/school/its.html 2. Teleconference: Rozina I.N. [email protected] Questions for teachers providing distance learning using computer telecommunications in Russia and the USA. January 7, 1999. - [email protected] GROUP emissia.offline, ART 629 (18 atdhfkz 1999). 3. Electronic resource on CD: Art Encyclopedia of Foreign Classical Art [Electronic resource]. - Electron. text, graphic, sound Dan. and applied prog. (546 MB). Moscow: Bolshaya Ros. encycle. [et al.], 1996. 1 electron. opt. disk (CD-ROM): sound, color, 12 cm + hands. user (1l.) + postcard (1l.). 32 Appendices Appendices to work allow you to increase its level to more fully reveal the topic. Applications may include: copies of documents (with the indication "photocopied from ..." or "redrawn from ..."), graphics, tables, photographs, charts, diagrams, etc. Applications are located at the end of the abstract. The application must have a title or an explanatory caption and the type of attached information - diagram, list, table, etc. The source is also reported, from where the materials that served as the basis for compiling the appendix were taken (the literary source must be included in the list of references). Each appendix begins on a new sheet, numbered so that it can be referred to in the text using parentheses, for example: (Appendix 5). The pages on which the appendices are given continue the general numbering of the text, but are not included in the total amount of work. 33 Systematization of material in tabular form A table is used if it is necessary to systematize digital or textual material in the form of columns (columns), or to highlight various parameters. Basic elements of a table A table can have a title. It is performed in lowercase letters (except for the first capital) and placed above the table. The title should fully reflect the content of the table. Headings of the columns of the table begin with capital letters, subheadings - with lowercase letters, if they make up one sentence with the heading of the column. Subheadings that have independent meaning are capitalized. Do not put dots at the end of headings and subheadings. The main word of the heading is put in the singular. Headings and subheadings of the graph are performed at one interval. 34 Design of illustrations Illustrations include graphs, diagrams, diagrams, drawings, photographs, etc. Each type of illustration must have a name consisting of the following parts placed under the illustration: 1. Conventional abbreviated name "Fig.". 2. The serial number within the work, indicated by Arabic numerals without the sign No. 3. The name of the illustration, reflecting its main content. For example, Fig.3. Scheme of the management structure of Berkut OJSC. If necessary, illustrations are provided with explanatory data (figure text). If only one illustration is given, then it is not numbered and the word "Fig." do not write. Usually illustrations are placed after their first mention in the text. 35 * Requirements for the design of the work * Pages of the text and applications of the abstract must comply with the A4 format (210x297). * The volume of work should not exceed 20 - 25 pages of printed text (without attachments). If there are applications, the volume of the abstract can be extended to 30 - 35 pages. * For text made on a computer - font size 1214, Times New Roman, normal; line spacing -1.5-2; margins: left - 30 mm, right - 10 mm, top - 20 mm, bottom - 20 mm. * Text is printed on one side of the page; footnotes and notes are printed on the same page they refer to (with 1 spacing, in a smaller font than the text). 36 * * * * All pages are numbered starting from the title page; the digit of the page number is often placed at the top center of the page; The title page and the table of contents do not have a page number. Each new section (introduction, chapters, paragraphs, conclusion, list of sources, applications) starts on a new page. The distance between the section title (chapter and paragraph headings) and the following text should be equal to three intervals. The heading is located in the middle of the line, do not put a dot at the end of the heading. Heading hyphens are not allowed. 37 Requirements for the text 1. The texts of the works must be verified in terms of lexical and stylistic literacy. 2. It is necessary to check the historical dates and facts mentioned in the text in reference books and encyclopedias; surnames, names and patronymics, dates of life of individuals; use complex scientific words and expressions correctly. 3. When using special terms and concepts, it is not necessary to provide a dictionary at the end of the work, but it is necessary to use professional vocabulary only if the author of the work fully understands it. 4. Applications to work must be annotated. (captions for photographs, diagrams, maps, memoirs, interviews, reproductions, illustrations, etc.) it is necessary to correctly and accurately draw up footnotes to the source. 6. When using any other information carrier (video recording, audio cassette, letter, picture, copy, reference, etc.), it is necessary to indicate where this original source is stored (museum, archive indicating the fund and other output data). 7. Be sure to indicate the full list of sources on the basis of which this work was done. 8. Be sure to indicate the list of local history and scientific literature used in this work. At the same time, it is important to correctly, according to the currently accepted bibliographic rules (GOSTs). * Criteria for evaluating work Criteria for evaluating work can be both general and particular. The general criteria include the following: correspondence of the work to the topic, depth and completeness of the disclosure of the topic, adequacy of the transmission of the primary source, consistency, coherence, evidence, structural order (presence of an introduction, main part, conclusion, their optimal ratio), design (presence of a plan, a list of information sources, citation culture, footnotes, etc.); linguistic correctness. 40 Particular criteria Refer to specific structural parts of the work: introduction, main part, conclusion. 1. Criteria for evaluating the introduction: the existence of a justification for the choice of topic, its relevance; the presence of formulated problems, hypotheses, goals and objectives of the work, the object and subject of research, novelty. the presence of a brief description of the primary sources. 41 Criteria for evaluating the main part: structuring the material into sections, paragraphs, paragraphs; the presence of headings to parts of the text and their successful wording; problematic and versatility in the presentation of the material, highlighting the main concepts and terms in the text, their interpretation, the presence of examples illustrating theoretical positions. 42 3. Criteria for evaluating the conclusion: the presence of conclusions on the results of the analysis, the expression of one's opinion on the problem. prospects for further work on the topic 43 * 1. Vorontsov, G.A. Abstract work. [Text]. Rostov n / a: Publishing Center "Mart", 2012. 64 p. 2. GOST 7.9-77 "Abstract and abstract" 3. Kalmykova, I.R. Abstract as a form of oral final 4. 5. 6. 7. attestation of students in grades 9 and 11 [Text]. // Education in modern school. 2011. No. 11. pp. 57-61. Interstate standard “Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and rules for drafting” [Text]. 2008. Abstract (preparation, execution and defense procedure) [Text]. //Practice of administrative work at school. 2012. No. 1. Rozina, I.N. Registration of bibliographic references to electronic information resources. Rostov State Pedagogical University. [Electronic resource]. http://bspu.ab.ru/Journal/vestnik/ARHIW/N1_1999/rosina.ht ml Shilova, O.N., Lebedeva, M.B. How to develop an effective educational and methodological package by means of information technology. [Text]. M.: Intuit.ru, 2006. 144p. 44

INTRODUCTION

Topic of work and justification for choosing a topic

The research paper presented to the attention of the reader is devoted to ...
Have you ever wondered why...? I noticed ... / thought about this question when ...
I've always wondered why...
The desire to find out ... appeared in my childhood. I was interested in …
The theme of our work: "...". I chose this topic for research because…
In the future, I would like to connect my life with ... therefore, I am already interested in ... and have chosen ... as the topic of my research.
I became interested ... after one day ...
When I ... I was struck / I became interested ...

Relevance

… has become an integral part of our lives today. We use...without thinking...
The relevance of the topic of our work is determined by the fact that at present ...
IN modern world… It has great importance, because …
In recent years, we often hear and use the word ...
Many are interested / addicted / think ...
Today the problem ... is one of the most urgent, because ...
The question ... in recent years has been in the focus of research attention ...
The topic is the subject of lively debate...
This is explained by the fact that ... affects our health / mood / success
The problem ... attracts close attention of scientists and the public due to the fact that ...
Recently, it has appeared ... and people have begun to think more and more about ...
Probably every person at least once in his life thought about...
… has always raised a lot of questions in people …
To date, there are two opposing views on this problem ...
Today there are disputes / there is no consensus on this issue ...

Novelty

To date, there are works devoted to ... in general. However, we decided to study this topic using the example of our class / school, and this is the novelty of our study.

Goal of the work

The purpose of this work is to find out why...
The main goal of the work is to answer the question ... / prove that ...

Tasks

To achieve this goal, we need to solve the following tasks:
To achieve this goal, we set ourselves the following tasks:
Work tasks:
The work tasks include:
Study the literature on the topic
Find out the meaning of terms...
Find examples ... in ... / collect material ... / study the composition ... / measure the level ...
Conduct a survey / experiment / observation
Compare/contrast/analyze the results
Draw conclusions about...

CHAPTERS

First chapter (theoretical)
Basic terms and concepts, background

The key concepts for our study are….
... is called ...
On the official website of ... we found the following definition of the term ... "..."
Ivanov V.V. in the book ... defines the concept of ... as ...
Petrov V.V. understands the term...
Sidorov S.S. considers ... as ...
Andreev A.A. in the book "..." gives the following definition...
… - This …
The site ... offers the following definition of the concept ...
Ivanov’s article “…” in the journal “…” states that…
It is generally accepted that…
It is commonly known…
Let's look at the history first...
The history of the issue is covered in detail on the pages of modern encyclopedias, for example ..., as well as on the website ... For the first time ....
From the book ... we learned that ...
As Ivanov I.I. ... in the article ... "...", ...
According to Ivanov V.V. …
Perhaps this is related...
Besides, …
It is interesting that…
It is widely believed that…
At the same time, it must be emphasized that…

The second chapter is a description of the study

In order to find out ... we decided to conduct a survey ... among the students / parents of our class. The survey was conducted through a questionnaire / survey in in social networks. The survey involved … students and … parents.
Respondents were asked the following questions: ...
The research was carried out on the material…
As a material for the study, we took ....
The examples come from...
The results of the survey are presented in table 1.
In figure 2 you can see...
Figure 3 shows…
In this case, we see ... / we are dealing with ...
At the same time, it should be noted…
Noteworthy is the fact that…
The diagram shows...

CONCLUSIONS, CONCLUSION

Conclusions by chapter

Based on the foregoing, we can state...
All of the above allows us to draw the following conclusions: ...
Thus, we see...
Hence …
It's obvious that …
As you can see from the above...
It follows from the above that...
Summing up the above, the following should be noted ...
In summarizing chapter 2, it is necessary to emphasize ...
Summing up the interim results, we can say that ...
As a result of our research, we found that…
In conclusion, it should be noted…
The study allowed us to draw the following conclusions...
The main conclusion that I made: ...
In the course of the study, it was revealed / established that ...
So we made sure...
All of the above proves that...
Based on the foregoing, it is logical to assume that ...
All of the above convinces us that ...
The version of ... seems to us the most plausible, because ...
The examples found and analyzed by us allow us to identify the following pattern: ...

Conclusion
Prospects for further research

We see the prospects for further study of the problem in a more detailed / detailed study ...
In the future it would be interesting...
In our opinion, it would be interesting to study / explore / consider ...
In addition to … discussed in this paper, in our opinion, it would be interesting to study …
The work considers only one of the aspects of the problem. Research in this direction can be continued. It could be a study not only ... but also ...

Job assignment

The study can be useful and interesting for school students who are fond of ..., as well as for everyone who is interested in ...
The results of our study could help the guys in ...
The work may be of interest to…
The results of the study can be used by teachers in preparing lessons / competitions / quizzes on the topic ....
The work can be used for further research...
With my work, I wanted to draw the attention of classmates to the problem ...
The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its results formed the basis of the rules I developed ... / memo on ... for ...

What did the work give the researcher himself

In the process of writing the work, I learned / learned / discovered / found out ...
The work helped me understand / realize / solve the problem / take a fresh look ...
In the process of working on the study, I gained experience ... I think that the knowledge I have gained will allow me to avoid mistakes / help me correctly ...
The results of the study made me think...
The biggest problem for me was...
The study has fundamentally changed my opinion / idea about ...