Animation practical work 17 create animation. A collection of practical work for working with the PowerPoint presentation editor. on a given topic
| Lesson planning for the school year | . Practical work No. 14 “Creating animation on given topic»
Lesson 33
Creation of moving images.
Practical work No. 14 "Creating animation on a given topic"
Creating moving pictures
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Both children and adults love to watch animated films. To create them, the authors come up with characters and a plot, make sketches, develop a script where they reflect all the events in detail and line them up in a certain sequence.
Creating moving pictures
Few people know that in order for their favorite cartoon character to "live" on the screen for one minute, about 1500 drawings are required. Previously, each of them had to be hand-painted on a sheet of transparent film so that it could be superimposed on the background. It is easy to calculate that a 10-minute cartoon consists of 15,000 drawings. If we assume that the artist can perform 50 drawings a day, then it will take about a year to produce the entire cartoon.
The computer greatly facilitates the work of the artist.
The image entered into the computer can be enlarged, reduced or reproduced.
There are special storyboarding programs that, according to the key phases of movement entered into the computer, draw all the intermediate frames.
In order to color a drawing, the artist just needs to enter the desired color into the computer and indicate the area to be painted. If you do not like the color, you can immediately replace it. And earlier it was necessary to first clean the film of the old paint and only then apply a new one on it.
The computer facilitates the work of animators so much that they can complete a 10-minute film in one or two weeks.
We will also try ourselves in the role of animators. We will create the simplest moving images using the program PowerPoint.
Questions and tasks
1. What do you need to come up with to create a cartoon?
2. Offer your script for a short cartoon.
3. How does the computer facilitate the work of animators?
Useful Resources
Project "Creating Moving Images in PowerPoint". Project author Umarova Elena Kadyrgalievna, website http://wiki.saripkro.ru/
Practical work No. 14
"Create animation on a given topic"
Exercise 1
Part I
1. Run the program Paint.
2. Set the work area to 32 cm wide and 24 cm high.
3. Apply the tool fill to create a blue background.
4. Scrolling the picture using the scroll bars, depict several stones at the bottom ( oval tool) and seaweed ( Pencil tool). Use the tool fill to color them.
5. Save the drawing in a personal folder under the name Background.
6. Run the command Create File Menu. Set the work area to 5 cm wide and 3 cm high and draw in it small fish Fish1.
7. Set the work area to 3 cm wide and 5 cm high and draw in it octopus. Color the background with the same blue color. Save the drawing in a personal folder with a name Octopus.
Starting from this point, the work is done depending on the version software.
Part II for Microsoft PowerPoint 2000
8. Through point Programs main menu run the program PowerPoint. Select an item Create a presentation, turn on the blank presentation switcher and click the button OK. In the dialog box Create slide select an empty slide and click the button OK.
9. Insert a picture into a blank presentation Background. created in the program Paint [Picture-From File] Insert menu Insert PowerPoint.
10. Place pictures on the same slide fish and octopus.
Animation settings. In the window that opens, check the box on the fish animation object.
12. Tab Order and time in the group Animation set the switch to "automatic, 0 seconds after the previous event".
13. Tab Modification in a group Choose an effect and sound set to fish effect Creeping out on the right. In a group After animation you can choose the value hide after animation.
14. Repeat steps 11 - 13 to adjust the animation parameters of the octopus, but the effect Creep out install from below.
15. To view the animation, use the function key F5.
16. Wait for the slide show to finish and click back to the work area.
17. Try copying the fish and adjusting the animation settings for the copy.
18. Save your work in a personal folder with a name Animation1.
Part II for Microsoft PowerPoint 2003
8. Through point Main menu programs run the program PowerPoint. Create new presentation (Create button Create button on the Standard toolbar). In task area Slide Layout select Blank Slide(click on the blank slide layout).
9. Stand in a blank presentation drawing Background, created in the program Paint. To do this, run the command [Picture From File] Insert menu, find the desired file, select it and click on the button Insert. The background image will appear in the working field (on the slide) of the program PowerPoint.
10. Place pictures on the same slide fish and octopus.
11. To customize the animation, right-click on the fish image and select the item in the context menu Animation settings. In task area Animation settings run a sequence of commands
Learn the tool yourself Curve and use it to depict an arbitrary trajectory of the fish.
12. Set the trajectory of the octopus.
13. To start watching the animation, use the function key F5 or the corresponding buttons in the Animation settings task pane.
14. Wait for the slide show to finish and click back to the work area.
15. Examine the information in the task area Animation settings. Make changes to the animation settings. Watch for changes as you browse.
16. Try copying the fish and adjusting the animation settings for the copy.
17. Save your work in a personal folder with a name Animation1.
Now we are able
Run the program PowerPoint;
Place previously prepared drawings on the slide;
Customize animation of individual objects;
View animation;
Save the results of work;
End the program PowerPoint.
TECHNOLOGY LESSON 30
Agisheva Svetlana Alexandrovna
the date
05/24/17
Subject
Informatics
Class
Lesson type
lesson on application of knowledge and skills
EMC "Informatics" for grades 5-9 (FSES), author Bosova L.L., 2016
Educational Resources:
a sample of the task "Seabed.ppt", presentations "Sv_tema1.ppt", "Sv_tema2.ppt", "Sv_tema3.ppt", "Swans.ppt" (see. Electronic application to the textbook "Informatics" for grade 5; )
ICT tools:
teacher's personal computer (PC), multimedia projector, screen, interactive whiteboard; 16 students' PCs, software: Paint graphics editor, Power Point presentation editor.
Lesson stages
Planned results (formation of UUD)
Teacher activity
Student activities
First stage (determining the topic of the lesson, setting goals and objectives)
Cognitive UDD:
Regulatory UUD:
- show cognitive initiative in educational cooperation;
1. Organizational moment. (3 min.)
The form of activity is conversation. Methodverbal, motivation of educational activity. Memo for students on compliance with safety regulations when working with a PC.
Basic concepts of the lesson:
information;
data processing;
action plan;
plot,
video clip
2. Checking D / Z of students in workbooks, pp. 163-168. (5 minutes). Oral survey on the questions of item 12:
1. What is information processing? Give examples.
2. How can you properly create an action plan to achieve a specific result?
3. What do you need to come up with to create a cartoon? Submit your script for a short cartoon.
Preparing your workplace, readiness for the lesson.
Fulfillment of the requirements for the lesson:
Observe requirements for organizing a computer workplace, comply with safety and hygiene requirements when working with ICT tools.
Making a difference types of information processing tasks associated with changing the form of its presentation due to graphics.
Listen to the teacher, keep notes in a notebook, work with a textbook.
Work with workbooks. Answer the questions of the teacher, comment on the answers of classmates.
Conversation.
main stage (planning and implementation of practical activities)
Lesson Content Elements:
multimedia presentation
Description of successively developing events (plot). Animation. Animation customization options in the presentation editorpowerpoint. Creating the effect of movement by changing the sequence of drawings.
Metasubject Results
UUD - learn:
Communicative UUD
Analytical activity:
(30 minutes)Working methods :
conversation, discussion,demonstration.
Use
Educational Resources:
Textbook materials : §12, pp.93-94
Computer workshop. Work number 17. pp.176-179.
Demonstration of the presentation for the lesson, commenting and explanation of the work algorithm. The teacher also shows students examples and samples of animated films. Emphasizes the main features and typical mistakes when setting up animation, transitions, sound accompaniment, and more.
Explanation of the progress of the work. Tasks for students:
1. Invent and create the plot of the cartoon "Underwater World" (draw the background of the seabed, invent and draw the inhabitants of the reservoir); save it in your folder on your PC.
2. Run the programpower point. Consistently copy and paste the background of the seabed and all the inhabitants onto the slide.
3. Set up animation for all objects. Showcase your cartoon.
After 10 minutes of work at the PC, organize a physical education session. Gymnastics for the eyes.
Students at this stage must operate concepts of computer graphics; graphic image, drawing.
Making a difference types of drawing tools.
To choose a drawing tool depending on the task of creating a graphic object.
Learn to use Power Point Presentation Editor for creating simple animations.
They read and study the algorithm of actions according to the textbook pp. 176-179. ( detailed plan)
Independentpractical work PC students:
They create their own plot for the future cartoon, draw objects using graphic editor Paint, copy objects, paste into the program Power Point, set up animation, different ways moving objects, transitions, demonstrate their finished cartoon to the teacher and their classmates.
The guys independently perform exercises for the eyes: circular eye movements clockwise and counterclockwise, alternating gaze at a distant object and a near one, closing the eyes and relaxing.
Final stage (summing up, evaluation, reflection)
Personal
(7 minutes). Summing up the work. conversation, method verbal, visual.
The teacher reviews all the work of the children, grades and comments, explains the tasks.
Work with journal, diaries, PC with the "Network City" system
Homework : §12, come up with and create a creative cartoon on a free topic. Send for verification to the teacher through the "Network City" system.
Demonstration of finished cartoons.
They report that they have learned to work with new program, set up animation in the form of object movements, are able to create cartoon plots. It is believed that in the future the skills to create real cartoons for demonstration on television will be useful.
They are able to listen to the answers of classmates and take part in their discussion, correct incorrect answers.
Work with various applications and programs.
Work with a textbook and a notebook on a printed basis.
5th grade
List of literature for the teacher
1. Programs and planning: Informatics and ICT. Lesson development for grade 5: Methodological guide. / L.L. Bosova, A.Yu. Bosova - M.: BINOM. Knowledge Lab, 2015.
2. Entertaining tasks in computer science./Bosova LL, Bosova A.Yu. , Kolomenskaya Yu.G. - M.: BINOM. Knowledge Lab, 2015.
4. Windows CD. Version 6.1. Computer workshop, software
methodological support for the course "Informatics and ICT for grades 5-7". / L.L. Bosova - M .: BINOM. Knowledge Lab, 2010
List of literature for students
1. Informatics: GEF. Textbook for grade 5 / L.L. Bosova, A.Yu. Bosova. – M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2013. - 184 p.: ill. ISBN 978-5-9963-1116-3
2. Informatics: GEF. Workbook for grade 5 / L.L. Bosova, A.Yu. Bosova. – M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2016. - 144 p.: ill. ISBN 978-5-9963-1558-1
self-analysis of the lesson.
Related lesson: Creating moving images. Practical work No. 17 "Creating animation" was held in the 5th grade. The topic of the lesson corresponds to the calendar-thematic planning and work program in 5th grade in computer science. The outline of the lesson was designed in the form technological map lesson, which meets the requirements of this educational institution.
Type of lesson: a lesson in the application of knowledge and skills.
At the time of the lesson, the students have already formed certain skills and abilities to work with software, the guys know how to use the programPaint, tools and create various graphic objects. They also have the skills to save files in folders in a specific working directory on a PC disk.
The main goal of the lesson was to create a mini-cartoon "Underwater World" using software tools.
Tasks:
1) expand students' understanding of the tasks associated with drawing up an action plan;
2) introduce the concept of animation as a sequence of events unfolding according to a certain plan;
3) show the techniques for creating the simplest moving images;
4) introduce the tools for creating animations, animation settings;
5) develop the plot of the cartoon;
6) draw objects for the future cartoon
In order to interest students in creating their own cartoon, they demonstrated creative work other students. Students were able to evaluate, criticize, see mistakes.
The children were asked to dream up and come up with their own cartoon. This allowed students to show ingenuity, develop cognitive and Creative skills to demonstrate their learning skills and abilities.
The results of the formation of UUD in fifth grade students were planned:
Cognitive UDD :
Create images using the graphics capabilities of a computer;
Compose new images from ready-made fragments (computer application);
Create animated images;
Regulatory UUD:
Show cognitive initiative in educational cooperation;
To highlight and realize what has already been learned and what is still to be learned;
Be aware of the quality and level of assimilation.
Anticipate the time characteristics of obtaining the result.
Metasubject UUD - will learn:
Solid skills in working with computer software (word processors, graphic editors, programs for creating presentations, and other application programs).
Communicative UUD:
Negotiate and come to common decision in joint activities
Argument your position
Carry out mutual control and provide necessary mutual assistance in cooperation
Personal UUD :
Plan your study and daily activities
Formation of a holistic worldview, corresponding state of the art development of science and social practice
The ability to highlight the moral aspect of behavior when working with any information and when using computer technology collective use.
During the lesson, students of the fifth grade performed the following activities:
Analytical activity:
Plan a sequence of events on a given topic;
Select illustrative material corresponding to the idea of the created multimedia object.
Practical activities:
Use a presentation editor or otherwise software tool to create animation according to an existing plot;
Create on a given topic multimedia presentation with hyperlinks, the slides of which contain texts, sounds, graphics.
During the lesson, we used following methods learning:conversation, discussion,demonstration, project method (creating your own cartoon).
The following forms were organizedwork: group, frontal, individual.
The lesson used independent practical work on creating hand-drawn objects, setting up animation, planning the plot of the cartoon. The guys followed all the safety rules when working in the ICT room and when working with a PC. Also, during practical work at the PC, a physical education session with exercises for the eyes was carried out, which allows to reduce the load on the eyes so that there is no fatigue.
Student work in class
When performing practical work, students worked at their personal computer assigned to them in the informatics classroom. The children really liked the lesson, they actively drew fish, crabs, mermaids, i.e. all existing and fictional inhabitants of the reservoir, created their own plot. Many children showed their creative abilities at a high level. Difficulties and questions arose when copying objects and transferring them to another program, namely when pasting onto a slide in a presentation. There were also questions when setting up animation and object movement paths. But all problems were solved very actively and quickly. All students completed their task. The aims and objectives of the lesson were achieved.
Hygiene requirements for the lesson
The lesson was held in a modern technically equipped computer science room, which has 16 personal workstations for students with a PC, workplace teacher with a PC and connected devices: printer, scanner, projector, interactive whiteboard, speakers, headphones with microphones, webcam and other devices.
Conducted safety briefing for students.
PowerPoint 2013, graphic GIMP editor 2.4, Macromedia Flash Professional 8 editor.
Objective. Learn how to create animation in presentations, GIF - and flash-animation.
Task 1. Create an animated motion of the Earth around the Sun in the presentation.
Task 2. Create a GIF-animation "The rotation of the Earth" from a set of bitmap GIF-images showing the successive positions of the Earth.
Task 3. Create a flash-animation of "consecutive transformation of a blue square into a green triangle and a red circle.
Task 1. Animation in the presentation
Launch development program Microsoft presentations PowerPoint 2013. Select a blank presentation. On the slide, use the [Insert - Shapes] command to draw a yellow circle (Sun), then execute the [Insert - Pictures] command.
In the Insert Picture dialog box, select the Earth file. gif (My Documents - Grade 9 - Blanks - Drawings).
Let's create an animated movement of the Earth around the Sun and the rotation of the Earth by setting animation effects.
Select the Earth object and execute the [Animation - Add Animation - Other Paths] command. The Add Motion Path dialog box appears. 
Select the path of movement - Circle and click on the OK button. Move the Sun object so that it is in the center of the circle (trajectory of the Earth object). If necessary, increase the size of the Earth object's path. Select the Earth object again, execute the command [Animation - Add animation - Additional selection effects ...]. In the Add Selection Effect window, select the Rotate animation effect. To view the results of applying animation effects to objects, activate the Animation area button 
on the Animation tab. An Animation Pane with a Play... button will appear on the right side of the presentation program window.
Let's set up animation effects so that they start at the same time and end only with the transition to the next slide.
On the Animation Area panel, select the inserted animation effects one by one and in the context menu called by clicking on the “arrow” to the right of the effect, select the Effect Options… command.
In the dialog box that appears, on the Effect and Time tabs, set the parameters of animation effects:
Run the presentation for execution with the command [Slide Show - From Current Slide] and observe the rotation of the Earth around the Sun and its own axis. Make adjustments to your work if necessary. Save finished work in its own folder called Rotation.
Task 2. Create a GIF animation using the GIMP bitmap graphics editor
Let's load into the raster editor a set of raster images showing the successive positions of the Earth.
Launch the GIMP editor with the command [Start - All Programs - GIMP - GIMP 2].
Using the command [File - Open ...] sequentially load files 1.gif - 14.gif from the folder (My Documents - Grade 9 - Blanks - Drawings - Earth) into the image windows. Select image files 1.gif - 14.gif at the same time and click Open.
Let's sequentially copy images 2.gif - 14.gif into the window with image 1.gif.
In the image window 2.gif enter the command [Edit - Copy].
In the 1.gif image window, enter the command [Layer - Create Layer] (layer fill type - transparent), then [Edit - Paste in ...].
Enter the [Edit - Copy] command in the 3.gif image window.
In the 1.gif image window, enter the command [Layer - Create Layer], then [Edit - Paste in ...].
Repeat steps 2-3 for all remaining images.
Let's see the result
In the 1.gif image window, execute the [Filters - Animation - Playback ...] command. The Play Movie dialog box opens.
To view the animation, click the Play button. Close the Play Movie window.
Save the resulting image as a GIF animation.
In the 1.gif image window, execute the [File - Save As ...] command.
In the Save Image window that opens, specify the path to your own folder and name the file Earth.
In the Export file dialog box that appears, set the switch to Save as animation and click the Export button.
In the Save as GIF dialog box that appears, check the Infinite loop box and use the counter to set the delay between frames in milliseconds.
In the GIF Comment: text box, you can enter a comment about the image.
Task 3. Creating flash animation using Macromedia Flash Pro 8 editor
Launch the Macromedia Flash editor with the command [Start - All Programs - Macromedia - Macromedia Flash 8]. Study the program.
At the top of the editor window is the Timeline, which contains the Timeline containing a sequence of empty frames.
In the middle is the Workspace Window, in which frames are created.
At the bottom is the Properties dialog box, which allows you to set the type of animation and configure its parameters.
On the right is the Tools panel, which allows you to perform operations on objects used in animation frames.
On the left is a group of panels Library and Color.
Hiding and showing certain panels and windows in the program window is carried out in the drop-down menu Windows on the text menu ribbon.
Let's select keyframes (for example, 1, 5 and 9) and draw a blue square, a green triangle and a red circle on them.
Select frame 1 (key by default) by clicking the left mouse button and draw a blue square in the left part of the Workspace window by selecting the Rectangle tool and blue fill color. Select frame 5, right-click on it and convert it to a keyframe using the Convert to Keyboard command (option - Convert to Keyframes).
In the center of the Workspace window, draw a green triangle using the Line tool and the Mass Fill Tool (Fill).
Select frame 9, right-click and convert it to a keyframe with the Convert to Keyboards (To Keyframe) command.
Draw a red circle in the right part of the Workspace Window.
Set the type of animation transition between keyframes, which will automatically create intermediate frames.
Select keyframe 1 and on the Properties panel, use the drop-down list Tween: (Pair:) to select Shape (Form). Repeat step 6 for keyframe 5.
On the Timeline, the sequence of frames will turn green and arrows will appear between the key frames:
To view the resulting animation, enter the [Control - Play] command. For a detailed view of the resulting animation frame by frame, select the first frame and press the > key (letter Yu) in succession.
To move backward frame by frame, use the key.< (буква Б).
Save the animation as a flash movie.
Execute the [File – Export – Export movie…] command.
In the Export window that appears, enter the name of the file to be saved ("Animation") and specify the path for saving (save to your own folder).
The Export Flash Player dialog box opens. Make sure that there is a “checkmark” in the options Compress movie and use the slider to set the image quality (JPEG Quality:).
Click OK.
View the saved flash-movie in any flash-player. Save the project in its own folder under the name Animation using the [File – Save As…] command. The project file will be saved with the extension . fla.
Modern man cannot imagine his life without information. In the 21st century, 80% of this information is video information. Contemporary films and cartoons are that “vent” for a business and constantly busy person, when watching which he rests and is distracted from everyday problems. In order to shoot a high-quality science fiction film or 3D cartoon, you need to use animation and great amount computer technologies. This lesson will cover the basics of creating a simple animation, as well as some basic concepts such as Motioncapture, the "uncanny valley" effect, 3D cartoon.
In this lesson, you will learn how to create animation.
The word animation has many meanings.
1. Animation(from French animation - animation, animation) - the Western name for animation: a type of cinematography and its work (cartoon), as well as the corresponding technology.
2. computer animation- sequential display (slide show) of pre-prepared graphic files, as well as computer simulation of movement by changing (and redrawing) the shape of objects or displaying sequential images with phases of movement.
3. Animation- the process of giving the ability to move and / or the appearance of life to objects and dead bodies (for example, a zombie - an animated corpse) in fictional worlds of fiction and fantasy games.
Rice. 1. Tarzan animation sketches ()
Creating complex animated images is a very time-consuming and difficult task. There are special people - animators who are engaged in the creation and processing of animation. With the help of animation, it became possible to transfer human movement to various computer characters. In most films, computer characters actually have very real human prototypes. With the help of special sensors, movements and facial expressions of a person are recorded, which are then transmitted and analyzed by a computer. One recent example is the work of Benedict Cumberbatch in the Hobbit trilogy. Paradoxically, the actor will play ... the dragon Smaug. Many of you probably think that we are talking about voice acting. But no - thanks to motion capture technology, Cumberbatch's dragon Smaug will come to life. The actor himself says this about this work: I am already swinging and doing all sorts of flexibility exercises to move in a suit hung with balls, as is done when filming with motion capture ...»
Motioncapture. Motion capture
Motion capture is a method of animating characters and objects. The literal translation from English is motion capture. The method is used in the production of cartoons, as well as for creating special effects in films. Widely used in the gaming industry. The developer is company Digital district. This technology was used to animate the computer-generated movie character Gollum in the Lord of the Rings trilogy (model - Andy Serkis) (Fig. 2). In 2007, with the help of her, Beowulf was created, in 2009 - A Christmas Carol, Avatar. Also, with the help of this technology, the face of Voldemort in the Harry Potter films was created.
There are two main types of motion capture systems.
Rice. 2. Motion capture technology in action (creating the Gollum character from The Lord of the Rings) ()
motion capture marker system where special equipment is used. A suit with sensors is put on a person, he performs the movements required by the scenario, stands in the agreed poses, imitates actions; the data from the sensors is captured by the cameras and fed into the computer, where it is combined into a single three-dimensional model that accurately reproduces the movements of the actor, on the basis of which the character's animation is later (or in real time) created. This method also reproduces the facial expressions of the actor (in this case, markers are located on his face, allowing you to fix the main facial movements).
Rice. 3. Markerless technology for creating an animated character ()
Markerless technology, which does not require special sensors or a special suit (Fig. 3). Marker-free technology is based on computer vision and pattern recognition technologies. The actor can shoot in normal clothes, which greatly speeds up the preparation for shooting and allows you to shoot complex movements (struggles, falls, jumps, etc.) without the risk of damaging sensors or markers. To date, there is software for markerless motion capture that does not require special equipment, special lighting and space. Shooting is done using a conventional camera (or webcam) and a personal computer.
Animation has, with the current level of technological development, truly amazing possibilities.
In order to master such complex "tricks", you need to study a lot. This lesson is aimed at learning simple animation.
simple animation is a sequence of successive frames.
Programs that help to make an animated image, for the most part, just put pictures ALREADY PREPARED IN ADVANCE by the user in a chain. For example, if you take several pre-prepared pictures and process them in a special animator program, you can get such an animation (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. Sequential pictures for animation ()
To make it even clearer, you need to look at the same picture, but “in slow motion”. The user will see that this is just a few frames following each other! The main thing is time, the pause that passes between them. Special animation programs help to set the time.
Anyone can make a similar animation themselves. For example, take a picture using the “multi-shooting” effect in a row several positions of your pet. Then process them in a special program or simply make a presentation using the Power Point editor, in which the slides change at a sufficient speed - and you will get a small “video” that imitates the movements of your pet.
How are cartoons created?
It is generally accepted that the cartoon is entertainment for children. However, beautiful cartoon stories are loved not only by kids, but also by adults. Today, animation is no longer just fun. This is real art and complex technical process. To learn how cartoons are made, you need to look at the work of an animator and see how inanimate pictures come to life and plasticine characters learn to speak.
Few people know that animation appeared even before cinema. Emil Reynaud is considered to be the founding father of cartoons. In 1877, he presented to the public the first moving tape, on which drawn pictures successively replaced each other. However, before him there were attempts to revive the pictures. Back in the 15th century, books were distributed in Europe, which, when quickly turned over, created the illusion of character movements. Actually, the very principle of animation is built on this.
There are several types of cartoons.
1. Drawn.
The most popular type of animation to this day is drawn. Only the technical devices change. If earlier cartoons were drawn by hand, now it is done on a computer. The principle of how cartoons are made has remained unchanged. First, a detailed script is written. Then all the characters are drawn. Each drawing represents an element of the character's movement, a separate pose. There may be thousands of such drawings. After the drawings are either photographed one at a time and reduced to a single video sequence with 24 frames per second, or using special programs the same is done on a computer (Fig. 5).
Rice. 5. Frame from a hand-drawn cartoon ()
2. 3D cartoons
Computer animation is the most promising direction to date. 3D cartoons stand out in it (Fig. 6). They allow you to make the image three-dimensional. This is a very expensive technology, but it is 3D cartoons that are gathering full houses in cinemas today.
How are 3D cartoons made? Of course, here they come to the aid of a person modern technologies. The picture is created using special computer programs such as Maya or Z-Brush. First, the "skeleton" of the character is drawn with all the muscles and tendons. Each of them, as in a real human body, is responsible for a particular action. That is, when turning the head, we will see the movement of the neck muscles, and when the arm is bent, the biceps will tighten. Special attention is given to the face, muscles responsible for facial expressions. Then the texture is stretched over the skeleton. And this is not only the color of the skin and clothes. It is important to work out every wrinkle and crease, all the chiaroscuro and so on, so that the character looks alive. The background is also detailed. Everything should be as believable and realistic as possible. In order not to draw every blade of grass, the multipliers have special modules that “seat” the vegetation in the frame the way it actually grows.
Then the installation begins. Usually an animator creates 4 seconds of a cartoon a week - it's such a painstaking process! To be on time, dozens of animators usually work on the cartoon.
Rice. 6. Frame from 3D cartoon ()
3. Plasticine cartoons
Plasticine cartoons beloved since childhood (Fig. 7) are made a little easier. But the computer is used in them only at the installation stage. All figurines in all their actions are molded by hand. In professional studios, figurines are made from a special plasticine that does not melt under lamps. Then they are laid on a special surface of pure color (blue, green) - chrome key. The figurines are filmed digital camera. Then the background is removed in the same way. And already on the computer, the background and figures are connected. This is called the transfer method. Now it is the most common.
Rice. 7. Frame from plasticine cartoon ()
In practice, creating animation using Power Point looks like this.
In order to run Microsoft program PowerPoint, you need to go to the menu Start - All Programs - Microsoft office and choose Microsoft PowerPoint . The first thing to do is to choose a slide layout, as the default will be Slide Title. To create an animation, select Empty slide(Fig. 8) .
Rice. 8. Choice in Power Point Blank slide
After that, in the menu item Insert - Drawing select a picture that should later become the background for the animation. It can be located in any folder on the user's computer. If the background image does not match the size of the slide, it can be stretched using the appropriate markers (Fig. 9, 10).
Rice. 9 and 10. Choosing a wallpaper
The next task is to select the animation object itself, which will move (Fig. 11).
Subsequently, the computer will automatically suggest the folder from which the first picture was loaded, of course, after clicking Insert - Picture.
Rice. 11. Drawings of an octopus and a fish superimposed on the background image
It must be remembered that animation drawings can have their own background color that does not match the background color of the background image, but using other programs, such as Photoshop CS6, you can remove the background and insert drawings without it.
The next task, after the animated picture is fully loaded, is to make the objects move (Fig. 12).
Rice. 12. Adjusting the movement of animated objects
To do this, go to the tab Animation - Animation settings - Add effect and choose the path of moving objects at your discretion. It can be a movement in any direction or even a path drawn by the user himself. In the column on the right, you can also select the speed of movement of animated objects. To start the animation, you need to press the key F5 and arrow "Up" in the column on the right (Fig. 13).
Rice. 13. Start watching animation
The more time and effort the user spends, the better animation he can make it. Naturally, very high-quality animation is created by people in more professional programs.
Insert. The Uncanny Valley Effect and Animation Perspectives
One open challenge in computer animation is photorealistic human animation. Currently, most of the films created using computer animation feature animal characters (Finding Nemo, Ratatouille, Ice Age, The Woods), fantasy characters(Monsters Inc., Shrek, Monsters on Vacation), anthropomorphic cars (Cars, Robots) or a cartoon person (The Incredibles, Despicable Me). Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within Us is often cited as the first computer-generated film to attempt to show realistic-looking people. However, due to the enormous complexity of the human body, human movement, and human biomechanics, realistic human simulation remains largely an open problem. Another problem is the dislike as a psychological response to watching near-perfect human animation, known as "uncanny valley".
The uncanny valley effect is a hypothesis according to which a robot or other object that looks or acts approximately like a person (but not exactly like a real one) causes hostility and disgust in human observers.
In 1978, Japanese scientist Masahiro Mori conducted a survey examining people's emotional reactions to the appearance of robots. At first, the results were predictable: the more human-like the robot, the prettier it seems - but only up to a point. The most humanoid robots unexpectedly turned out to be unpleasant to people because of small inconsistencies with reality, causing a feeling of discomfort and fear. The unexpected drop in the “like” graph was called the “Sinister Valley,” and Masahiro Mori found that animation enhances both positive and negative perceptions (Fig. 14).
The reason for this psychological phenomenon has not yet been elucidated. Perhaps the problem is that a person is so arranged that he subconsciously analyzes the slightest deviations from “normality”. Maybe the reason is that at a certain level of similarity between a robot and a person, the machine ceases to be perceived as a machine and begins to seem like an abnormal person or an animated corpse, a cadaver. In addition, the reason for dislike may be the symmetry of the robot's face, which is rarely seen in humans and looks a little intimidating.
Rice. 14. The effect of the "uncanny valley" ()
The phenomenon of the "uncanny valley" has long been used by the creators of films, literature, games and animation to evoke a feeling of fear - just think of Frankenstein's monster, various cyborgs in human flesh, zombies, nurses from Silent Hill or Sadako from the movie "The Call". Artificial characters that are supposed to evoke sympathy should not be too human-like, especially if they are animated - cartoonists know this well.
Ultimately, the goal is to create software where the animator can generate sequences showing a photorealistic human character undergoing physically believable movement, along with clothing, photorealistic hair, complicated natural backgrounds, and possibly interactions with other human character models. Having achieved this, the viewer will no longer be able to tell that a certain sequence is computer generated or created using real actors in front of a movie camera. Achieving total realism could have major implications for the film industry. This achievement can bring no less serious consequences to the judicial system - it will become problematic to use video or photographic materials as evidence, confirm an alibi, etc., since it will be necessary to unambiguously prove the reality of the filmed material.
Bibliography
- Bosova L.L. Informatics and ICT: Textbook for Grade 5. - M.: BINOM. Knowledge Lab, 2012.
- Bosova L.L. Informatics: Workbook for grade 5. - M.: BINOM. Knowledge Lab, 2010.
- Bosova L.L., Bosova A.Yu. Informatics lessons in grades 5-6: Methodological guide. - M.: BINOM. Knowledge Lab, 2010.
- cpu3d.com().
- 1-film-online.com().
- osp.ru ().
Homework
1. Using Internet resources, write down a few films where the technology was used motion capture. Consider how realistically compelling characters modern computers are now able to make.
2. Try to make a regular hand-drawn animation by drawing a small tree at the bottom of the page, which will gradually blossom, grow and drop leaves on each next page. Evaluate how difficult and time-consuming the process is.
3. Make some crafts from plasticine, come up with interesting story for their characters (the plot of a plasticine cartoon).
4.* With the help of the video tutorial, try to make a simple animation, such as a pet.
