Filling out a working time photo card. Why do you need a working day photograph? Timekeeping form

One of the keys to labor efficiency is the correct distribution of working time. What methods do HR specialists not use to understand how and what employees spend their time on? One such method is working day photo(photo of working hours).

Of course, a photograph of a working day is not a photograph in the literal sense of the word - no one will photograph minute by minute what you are doing at the moment. All your actions during working hours are recorded in a special table. Usually they record not one individual day, but every working day for 1-2 weeks - this is the only way to get an objective picture of how working time is spent.

Why do you need a working day photograph? Initially, the employee may get the impression that the employer simply wants to find something to complain about, recording his every step. But believe me, if the employer wants to find fault, he will find a much less labor-intensive and costly way to do it. Typically, work time photography is used for rationing labor or increasing productivity. It allows you to assess the objective employment of employees. It can also be used for certification.

A working day photo can be individual, group And brigade, depending on the number of observed employees. Accordingly, by analyzing the results obtained, you can optimize the work of individual employees (for example, find an assistant or vice versa, add job responsibilities) or entire working groups and departments. Of course, as a result of the research, dismissals also happen, but for this you need to be a complete slacker.

There are three main methods for conducting this research: classical, moment observation method And self photography. IN classical method A special observer is assigned to the employee, who records all his actions during the working day. In the method of momentary observations there is also an observer, but he does not record the entire working day, but individual moments. Well, with self-photography, the employee himself records his actions.

Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Methods that involve observers, more objective. But the employee may become very nervous in front of an observer and work worse and slower. In addition, paying an observer is an additional cost. Self photography more comfortable for the employee, but management has to rely on his honesty. In addition, the results may be distorted because working time is also spent on recording.

The data obtained during the study is processed and analyzed. It becomes clear how much time an employee spends on performing one or another type of duty. As a result, conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of the employee (group of employees, department) and formulate recommendations for labor optimization. They may concern not only employees, but also equipment. It happens that low productivity is not due to laziness or lack of concentration, but to a constantly freezing computer.

What should you do if you are told that an observer has been assigned to you to take a photo of the work day? First of all, don’t panic, don’t get nervous, and don’t get upset. If you're not slacking off at work, you have nothing to fear. Just act as natural as possible, so that your photograph of the working day turns out to be as objective as possible. Let us repeat, if the boss had a grudge against you and wanted to find a reason for dismissal or deprivation of a bonus, he would hardly resort to such tricks. If you need to take a self-photo, you need to be as careful as possible and record even the most seemingly insignificant actions, right up to verification email and answering calls.

A working day photograph is good way optimize the use of working time, if only the research is carried out wisely. It is very important for the employer to clearly set the purpose of the research and draw the right conclusions from the information received. Well, of course, you need to warn employees in advance about the upcoming study and present it in the right light, so that they understand that the photograph of working hours is not taken to find fault with them, but to improve working conditions.

Labor rationing is a type of production management activity. It is aimed at determining the necessary time expenditure to achieve certain labor results. Based on the data obtained, the amount of workers' wages (salary and additional payments, incentive bonuses), as well as the cost of services provided by the organization, is calculated.

Labor regulation is an important element of an organization’s personnel management system. With its help it is possible to determine the need:

• increasing the efficiency of using the labor potential of employees;
• optimization of their numerical composition;
• other possible changes, taking into account the specifics of a particular organization, as well as the market situation.

Who is a timekeeper

The work activity of any specialist, especially if it is production process, can be divided into operations and elements. The purpose of attracting a timekeeper to the organization is to develop standards for basic and additional time, check the validity of production standards, determine and subsequently consolidate the most rational mode work for this department of the organization.

This employee must have certain skills and knowledge, in particular, know how to study the labor process, what kind of timing observations are suitable in this case, the order of their implementation, and be able to process and analyze the results of his work. Be able to use devices to record working hours. Understand the basics of physiology and psychology of work, understand the organization of work.

As the name suggests, the responsibilities of this employee include time-keeping observations of the execution of individual elements of operations technological process. By measuring, processing and analyzing the labor process, the timekeeper obtains data that forms the basis for standardizing individual operations.

The result of the timekeeper's work is an analytical report based on the results of observations. On its basis, the most rational elements of operations are selected for inclusion in time standards; it is possible to trace where losses of working time occur, establish the reasons for their occurrence and give a conclusion about necessary expenses time, and also suggest measures to eliminate lost working time.

The modernized essence of this position is the so-called photograph of the working day, when the workers themselves keep a temporary record of the operations of their work for a certain period of time. Then all this is analyzed, and conclusions are drawn regarding the costs of a particular operation labor process.

How to determine labor standards

Labor standards are determined using timekeeping. We list the main procedures in organizing the timing of working hours:

• A document form is being prepared in which the timing results will be entered. A specific form may be drawn up for a specific position or job function;
• data collection is organized. It is carried out by an observer who monitors the employee’s work and enters information about his labor activity in the prepared form;
• systematization of the data that was obtained during the timing process is carried out.

The work process is analyzed based on the standard of work performed. The optimal options for work technology and workplace organization are selected, allowing for the best work results. Work and rest schedules for workers are also being reviewed.

At the end of the procedure, the employer establishes the necessary labor standards for the normal operation of the organization.

How to create a workday photo

The employer can develop its own rules and procedures for determining labor standards. One of the options for determining labor standards is a photograph of the workplace.

It is a system for studying the cost of working time required by an employee to perform a certain amount of work. In practice, however, there are various types“Photography”: individual (i.e. one employee), group (groups of employees), self-photography.

Sample group photo of a working day

In the case of taking a self-photo, this work is carried out by the employee himself. Throughout working day he must enter in a separate document information about the types of work on which his working time was spent (the time period must be indicated). Data on time spent on personal needs and lost working time (for example, problems with equipment or associated with waiting for clients) are also included. After this, the results obtained are analyzed (using graphs and calculations). The employer can develop the form of the document in which the observation results will be recorded independently.

Form for individual photograph of working hours

A photograph of working time allows the manager to determine how much time workers actually need to complete a certain task, and whether they use their working time rationally.

Such a tool will identify unproductive waste of working time and improve time management.

The procedure for taking photographs of working hours must be fixed in the local normative act organization (for example, in instructions). It should be approved by order and the document should be familiarized to all employees under personal signature. The instructions must indicate that photographs are taken only upon the special instructions of the supervisor.

Who at the enterprise takes a working day photograph? And how to do it correctly and what documents are used to document it.

Answer

Answer to the question:

A photograph of the working day is taken by those employees who will be entrusted with this and on whose job responsibilities such work is included. In practice, this work is performed by employees of the divisions of the department for organization and remuneration of labor (labor economists) (see " Qualification Handbook positions of managers, specialists and other employees" (approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated August 21, 1998 N 37) and the personnel department, the heads of the relevant departments can also be involved in this work.

If, based on the results of photographing a working day, labor standards for an employee will be changed, he will need to be notified 2 months in advance (Article 162 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), if other conditions change employment contract 2 months notice will also be required (Article 74 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

A working day photograph (working time photograph) is a type of observation in which, throughout the entire working day, an independent specialist records all, without exception, the employee’s time spent on any of his actions: both work and personal. At the same time, depending on the requirements for the accuracy of the photograph, all matters are subject to recording, including small ones, such as a minute conversation on the phone, a coffee break, etc.

A photograph of a working day, as a rule, is needed in order to determine the production norms for a particular employee (service norm: how many patients he must serve in the time norm established for him; or the time norm for serving 1 patient).

The general principles of compiling a working day photograph can be used by both commercial and other organizations.

Timing or photography of the working day is one of the elements of rationing the work of the organization’s employees.

Before the start of this work, the employer himself chooses the method by which he instructs employees to carry out the appropriate preliminary work: This can be either a protocol instruction or the issuance of an order.

Current legislation does not contain unified forms documents for carrying out timekeeping work. In any case, the order will be arbitrary.

At the same time, it is possible to create a general order on the development of labor standards, in which one paragraph is devoted to the issue of photography of the working day, or it is possible to issue a separate order on this topic.

Society with limited liability"Alpha"

ORDER No. 56
on carrying out timekeeping when performing work by employees of the unit “_______________________”

Moscow 04/20/2015

In order to prepare empirical material for the development of a local act on establishing labor standards for employees of the department “___________________________”,

I ORDER:

1. Create a commission to carry out work on the timing of work carried out by employees of the “_________________________” division, consisting of the following:

Chairman of the commission - Deputy Director for Personnel and Regime Kozhin I.B.

Members of the commission:

Head of HR Department R.M. Gromova

Head of the Labor and Wages Department Obkhodov M.I.

HR specialist E.V. Zaitseva

Economist of the Department of Labor and Wages Lipkin I.R.

2. The commission (clause 1 of the order) shall, within the period before “_____”__________________________, carry out a time-keeping of all work performed by employees of the division “_____________________”; tables, forms drawn up based on the results of the time-keeping shall be submitted for summarization to the head of the labor and wages department.

3. The head of the labor and wages department, based on the results of timing, taking into account the established standard labor standards, develop, before “_____” _____________________, a draft order establishing labor standards for the positions of employees of the division “__________________________”, coordinate the draft order with the personnel department, accounting department , legal service and send it to the trade union organization to obtain a reasoned opinion on the possibility of adopting such a local act.

4.To the head of the department "_____________________" :

Do not interfere with the work of the commission during timing;

Provide members of the commission with the documents necessary for their work (Regulations on the department, job descriptions, time sheet for the period ____________________ and others);

Create necessary conditions for the work of the commission in the division, including highlighting workplace, computer, telephone.

5. I reserve control over the execution of this order.

The forms of documents that you draw up during the working day photography period are given below in the answer.

More details in the System materials:

1. Answer: How to take a photo of a working day

To take a photo of a working day you need to:

 define goals taking photographs of the working day;

 develop rules for assessment standards working hours;

 prepare an observation report form(working day photograph card);

 give instructions observers and (or) employees whose workday photographs you plan to take;

 take photos of the working day;

 process photographing results;

 analyze the observation result and develop activities to implement surveillance goals.

Photographing the working day is carried out mainly for the purpose of:

 determine the actual costs of the employee's working time;

 develop standards (volume of products, provision of services, etc.);

 identify and eliminate loss of working time;

 improve the motivation system;

 increase employee self-organization;

 optimize the organization’s business processes, etc.

Before you start photographing your working day, you must:

 determine who is responsible for photographing the working day;

 determine the period to analyze employee working time;

 determine the requirement for observation accuracy employee actions.

Observation and recording of an employee’s working time can be entrusted, for example, to a personnel service employee, immediate supervisor or colleague of the employee who will be monitored. It is advisable that this person knows well what the essence of the work of the observed person is. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the relationship between the observer and the employee being monitored: negative, neutral or benevolent. This can also affect the work results of both (reduce productivity due to stress or personal friendly conversations, etc.).

In addition, the responsibility for taking photographs of the working day can be assigned to the employee himself. In this case, take into account the employee’s degree of responsibility, make sure he understands the importance of the entire process, and develop a system for monitoring and checking the employee’s work.

To monitor the completion of this photography, assign an inspector to the employee. The inspector can be the employee’s immediate supervisor, his colleague, or a personnel service specialist.

For a more reliable assessment of an employee’s activities, it is recommended to analyze photographs of several working days, or, if possible, a full working week or a full working cycle (if the employee’s work is cyclical). This is due to the fact that on different days the quality and volume of work of any employee often changes depending on the complexity of the tasks assigned, the impact on the volume of work of other team members, etc.

It is also necessary to take into account the fact that in the first days of photographing working hours, the assessed employee may experience stress (internal resistance to the process of analyzing his time). In this regard, the report may contain actions that the employee does not perform in his natural working state, or performs at a different pace. Analyzing an employee’s time over several days gradually reduces the level of stress, the employee gets used to the process and begins to behave more naturally, which as a result provides more complete and adequate information about his activities.

Initially, determine with what time accuracy the observer should record changes in the type of activity of the monitored employee:

 every minute, i.e. the observer does not leave the employee for a minute and records all his actions the very minute they were performed;

 at a certain interval, i.e. the observer records the employee’s occupation at intervals of three, five, ten minutes, etc.

The requirements for time recording accuracy are affected by:

 type of employee’s activity (intensity of occupational shift);

 observer's workload (observation of one or more employees in parallel);

 the need for precision for implementation surveillance purposes.

Also, initially determine how accurately the employee’s actions should be recorded, for example, “a telephone conversation with an organization’s client” or “a telephone conversation with an organization’s client regarding a marriage issue, the call was transferred to the sales department,” etc. The requirement for detailed description of the action also depends on the purpose of observation and the type of activity of the employee.

Before you start taking a photograph, explain to the participants in the process (observer, employee, inspector) their functions and purposes of photographing.

If photographing is carried out by an outside observer, and not by the employee himself, familiarize him with the report form - working day photo card. Explain to the observer that he must record in it all the actions of the supervised employee (both work and personal), indicating the start time of the new action and its duration.

In turn, explain to the employee goals photographing. Emphasize that the result of the observation will be used to improve work, and not against the employee personally.

If photographing is carried out by the employee himself, then also explain to him the rules for working with the report and the purpose of photographing, so that the employee understands the importance and responsibility of the task and completes it conscientiously. Next, explain to the inspector, the assigned employee, his goal: periodically (once every half hour, hour, or other period convenient for both the employee and the inspector) to monitor the completion of the reporting form and the compliance of the recorded data with the actual actions of the controlled employee at the time of the inspection.

If the observer is entrusted with compiling a photograph of the working day, he is located next to the employee’s workplace at a distance that is comfortable for both participants in the observation. You should not stand behind an employee.

Strive to make the observation process less noticeable, so that it does not interfere with the monitored employee, because this can reduce the employee's performance and cause him psychological discomfort.

The observer takes a photograph of the employee's workday while observing his work during the entire period that was selected for analysis. In this case, the observer records each action in observation report form.

The observer should not interfere with the employee’s activities: help him, enter into negotiations with him, etc.

In the event that an employee independently photographs his work day, the inspector assigned to him periodically monitors the correct completion of the observation report form, in which the employee records his actions.

At the end of photographing the working day, the completed observation report form is transferred to the personnel management service for further processing the results.

Combine all the actions that the employee performed into groups, assigning each one its own index. Give similar operations the same index.

For example:

 T pz – time spent on preparatory and final work (came to the workplace, turned on the computer, waited for programs to load, etc.);

 T obs – time spent on the solution organizational issues, workplace maintenance;

 T op - the total time spent on performing official duties responsibilities(operational time);

 T per – the time at which the employee interrupted work.

For a more accurate analysis of an employee’s activities, divide his operational time into subgroups or highlight additional categories.

For example, a payroll accountant, in accordance with his job description, is charged with receiving, analyzing and monitoring time sheets; processing certificates of temporary incapacity for work; payroll for employees of the organization, etc. Select each of these actions into a separate group, write down the groups in the form working day photo cards and calculate the time an employee spends on each duty. This will allow you to identify areas with maximum time expenditure.

Next, make up employee's actual time balance. It is a table in which the number of cases, duration ( total time operations by group), percentage (share) of time spent on the duration of the entire working day or observed period.

After this, calculate the coefficients that will allow you to draw more accurate conclusions about the loss of time. For a list of coefficients and formulas for calculating them, see table.

Analysis of the results allows you to understand how much working time employees actually use for work purposes, how often employees take breaks at work, how much time they spend on lunch, how much time it takes preparatory work etc.

When analyzing a photograph of your workday, identify the reasons that prevent you from doing your job effectively. Having identified all the problems and difficulties, develop activities that will help resolve the problems.

The Alpha organization decided to take a photo of the working day of accountant A.V. Dezhnevoy. The purpose of observation is to determine the actual expenditure of working time by an employee and to identify its loss. HR manager I.A. was appointed as an observer. Ignatiev.

Based on the results of photographing from January 16 to January 20, 2013, a working day photo card. Ignatiev together with chief accountant V.N. Zaitseva (Dezhneva’s immediate supervisor) analyzed the information recorded in the map, developed and implemented the following activities:

 based on the coefficient of lost working time due to violation labor discipline(3.1 percent), a conversation was held with Dezhneva in order to more effective use working hours;

 based on the coefficient of time loss for organizational and technical reasons (9.4 percent), technical maintenance of Dezhneva’s computer was carried out, the cause of time loss was eliminated;

 based on an analysis of the time required to provide methodological assistance to employees of the organization on accounting issues, the list of issues on which accountant Dezhneva is obliged to provide advice was reduced, which freed up her time for current work processes;

 based on the result of the analysis of the time spent on receiving, analyzing and monitoring time sheets and preparing them for counting processing, it was decided to assign these responsibilities to the HR manager Ignatieva.

Workday Photo Card

MAP
working day photos

Workplace organization
(workplace characteristics)

List of employee actions

№	Job title	Current time hour – min.	Duration,	Note
16.01.2013
1	Preparation for the working day (incl. PC, lighting equipment, etc.)	8-45	20
2	Participation in weekly meetings (planning meetings)	9-05	25
3	Telephone conversation with an employee of the organization (explaining the calculation of sick leave and salary)	9-30	15	Conversation is clear and to the point
4	Break (personal conversation with colleagues)	9-45	10	Personal questions
5	Processing incoming correspondence	9-55	15
...	...	...	...	...

Balance of actual employee time

№	Group	Duration (total time of operations for the group)			Number of cases	Percentage of time spent from the time of the entire observed period
		hour	min	just minutes
1	Preparatory and final time (T pz)	1	15	75	10	3,0
2	Workplace maintenance time (T o6s)	3	45	225	12	8,9
3	Operating time (T op) including:	36	5	2165		85,2
3.1	Reception, analysis and control of time sheets and preparation of them for counting processing (T op1)	3	15	195	2	7,7
3.2	Calculation and transfer of insurance contributions to state non-budgetary social funds, wages workers and employees, other payments and payments, as well as the allocation of funds for material incentives for employees of the enterprise (T op2)	4	20	260	1	10,2
3.3	Registration of accounting entries and their posting (T op3)	6	10	370	1	14,6
3.4	Reception and control of the correct execution of temporary disability certificates, nursing certificates and other documents (T op4)	1	5	65	5	2,6
3.5	Calculation of wages to employees of the enterprise, monitoring the expenditure of the wage fund (T op5)	6	10	370	1	14,6
3.6	Preparation of accounting documents (T op6)	4	0	240	3	9,4
3.7	Preparation of reports on unified social tax (T op7)	4	10	250	1	9,8
3.8	Maintaining wage payments to employees of the enterprise on the basis of statements (T op8)	0	20	20	5	0,8
3.9	Monitoring compliance cash discipline, settlements with accountable persons (T op9)	1	10	70	5	2,8
3.10	Preparation of data for drawing up balance sheets and operational summary reports of income and expenses cash(T op10)	2	10	130	1	5,1
3.11	Development and implementation of rational planning and accounting documentation, progressive forms and methods of accounting based on the application modern means computer technology and information technology(T op11)	0	0	0	0	0,0
3.12	Providing methodological assistance to employees of enterprise departments on issues of accounting, control, reporting and economic analysis(T op12)	3	45	225	15	8,9
3.13	Advanced training at courses and seminars on accounting(T op13)	1	0	60	0	2,4
3.14	Other actions (T op14)	1	30	90		3,5
4	Time of breaks in work (T per) of which:	1	15	75		3,0
4.1	Regulated breaks or due to production problems (T rper)	0	0	0	0	0,0
4.2	Unregulated breaks (T lper)	1	15	75	15	3,0
	TOTAL total actual time of employee's stay at the workplace (Tf)	42	20	2540		100,0
	Standard duration of the working period T d	40	00	2400

Odds calculation

No.	Name	Formula	Meaning
1	Recycling rate	K p = T f: T d = 2540: 2400	1,1
2	Working time utilization rate	K isp = (T pz + T op + T o6s): T d = 100x(75+2165+225): 2400	1,03
3	Loss rate for organizational and technical reasons	K pot = 100 x T o6s: T d = 100x225: 2400	9,4
4	Loss coefficient for preparatory and final work	K ppz = 100 x T pz: T d = 100 x 75: 2400	3,1
5	Coefficient of lost working time due to violation of labor discipline	K pnd = 100 x T lper: T f = 100 x 75:2400	3,1
6	Possible increase in labor productivity provided that direct losses of working time are reduced	ΔPT = 100 x (T lper + T rper): T f = 100x(75+0):2540	3,0

T pz – time spent on preparatory and final work (came to the workplace, turned on the computer, waited for the programs to load, etc.).

T o6s – time spent on solving organizational issues and maintaining the workplace.

T op – time spent performing duties (operational time).

T op = T op1 + T op2 +... T opn

T lane – the time for which the employee interrupted work.

T lane = T rper + T lper

T lper – the time for which the employee interrupted work on personal issues (violating labor discipline).

T rper – the time for which the employee interrupted work for regulated needs or due to production problems.

T d – standard duration of the working period for compiling a photograph of a working day.

T f – the actual time the employee spent at the workplace during the period of taking the photograph of the working day.

T f = T pz + T op + T o6s + T per

Coefficients for analyzing a photograph of an employee’s working day

No.

Name

Formula

How and why is a working time photograph taken?

Article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation determines that the normal working time should be no more than 40 hours per week. However, practice shows that the efficiency and effectiveness of labor depend not so much on the amount of time spent, but on its effective and rational use.

Let's give an example. In a sewing team, 3 seamstresses perform the same operation. At the same time, the first one takes 2 minutes to complete it, the second one does it in 3 minutes 30 seconds, and the third one takes 4 minutes 20 seconds. Since each of the workers is allocated the same amount of work, it ends up that the fastest worker is forced to sit without work for several hours, and the slowest worker is forced to stay late after his shift in order to fulfill the required quota. At the same time, the percentage of defects for the fastest seamstress is much higher than for the slowest worker. Examples of this kind can be found in any field of production, service, marketing, etc.

Method for calculating time costs

Due to the individual characteristics of the work of each specialist (quality level, speed of execution), management and employees responsible for labor standards inevitably arise the need to time the time spent by individual employees, taking into account the time required to complete specific type work. In the future, based on the data obtained, prices, the level of complexity of the work, labor standards, etc. are calculated.

To perform such measurements, several employees are usually assigned to perform the same task, accompanied by timing. As a result, the resulting average time is used as a guideline for performing this operation.

If an employee performs various types of work, moves around the enterprise or even leaves its territory, then to assess the effectiveness of his work it is necessary to time his entire working day, after which, based on the results of measurements, a photograph of working time can be compiled.

What does FW provide?

Timing of an employee’s working day can be used to solve the following tasks:

1. Structuring working time, that is, identifying main and secondary tasks, based on which the time spent on their implementation can vary and responsibilities can be redistributed between employees.
2. Carrying out measurements of the time required to perform a specific task efficiently in order to calculate labor standards and prices.
3. Studying the methods and practices of the most effective employees.
4. Conducting an individual assessment of the performance of a specific employee to develop recommendations for improving performance, as well as the possibility of relocation and career growth.
5. Identifying lost working time, increasing labor discipline.
6. Optimizing the work of a specific department or the entire company as a whole.

Photograph of working hours - methods of compilation

Practice has developed several ways to compose such a photograph. This can be either the temporary assignment of a specialist to the supervised employee, whose task is to take into account the time spent, or the use of technical means (for example, video surveillance).

Attaching an employee who controls time costs allows you to take into account as objectively as possible the priority of the tasks performed by the supervised employee, his individual characteristics, objective and subjective nuances of a particular job. The use of video surveillance - both with and without the knowledge of the controlled employee (a regular camera installed in an office or workshop can be used for this) - allows you to focus on labor discipline and see the loss of working time. However this method does not always allow for an objective assessment of the specifics of completing assigned tasks or individual characteristics employees.

Another method of taking photographs of working hours is to instruct the employee himself to time his work day. This method It also allows, among other things, to evaluate the objectivity (loyalty) of the employee himself. You can read more about planning and organizing observation in our article dedicated to this issue.

An example of a photograph of an employee's working time, sample filling

Since the issues of drawing up the FRF regulatory documents are not regulated, there are no forms or legally approved samples for filling out photographs of working hours. In its simplest form, the document might look something like this:

LLC "Raduga"

Working time photo No. 14

Date of compilation: 04/10/2018

Full name of the employee: Petrov Igor Maksimovich

Division, position: Workshop No. 1, turner

	Operation start time	Operation end time	Type of operation	Time spent	Special marks
			Preparing for work, starting, warming up, conducting control measurements of equipment readings	15 minutes
			Receiving blanks and tools from the master, conducting instructions, understanding the task	15 minutes
			Setting up the workpiece, setting part processing parameters	5 minutes
			Performing processing, monitoring equipment operation	1 hour 25 minutes
			Removal of the processed part, delivery to the inspector	20 minutes	10 minutes lost due to lack of controller
			Performing operations 3, 4	1 hour 30 minutes
			Performing operation 5	10 minutes

Photo compiled by: (signature) /Ivanov K.N./

Don't know your rights?

Requirements for timing

The following requirements are usually imposed on an observer who takes into account time costs:

1. He must undergo training and understand the goals and objectives of the observation.
2. The observer should not interfere with the work of the supervised employee, comment on his actions, distract him with conversations, etc.
3. He must understand the production or other processes that the employee performs. The objectivity of the data obtained largely depends on the fulfillment of this condition, since the accuracy and sequence of the specialist’s actions can be correctly understood and interpreted only by an employee who understands them.

The observer’s understanding of the manipulations performed by the employee also allows one to systematize observations, grouping the operations performed according to certain characteristics and dividing all the employee’s activities into stages that can be understood by management or employees who are not specialists in a specific production field.

For example, all work time can be divided into 2 parts:

1. Standardized (productive).
2. Non-standardized (loss of time).

Standardized time usually includes:

• operational time - periods necessary for preparation for execution and direct execution of a production task;
• workplace maintenance time;
• time required for technological or other breaks provided for by regulatory documents, employee rest, etc.;
• casual work not specifically provided for terms of reference, however necessary in fact.

Periods of temporary losses include costs associated with violations of labor discipline, absence on site or overload of related workers, foreman, technologist, controller, unforeseen equipment repairs, elimination of accidents, etc.

Analysis of photographs of working hours

A photograph of working time in itself is a statistical document that records only the time spent by one employee. However, if selective or complete recording of time costs is carried out within an entire division or the entire company, then the consolidated data ultimately provides a layer of analytical information that makes it possible to find reserves of working time and better organize work.

Let's give an example. In a team of seamstresses that regularly did not fulfill the monthly work plan (despite the fact that others were coping with the plan), continuous timekeeping was carried out throughout the week. As it turned out, more than 50% of working time is accounted for by irregular losses, although no tardiness or absenteeism was recorded during the entire observation period.

As it was established, time losses occur:

• for regular smoking breaks;
• communication by mobile phone, in which work slows down or stops altogether;
• regular downtime of individual workers (despite the fact that the whole team cut and necessary materials submitted on time);
• to carry out alterations, since due to the haste of individual workers, the percentage of defects exceeds 30% of the total output.

A more thoughtful analysis showed that the reason for such phenomena is the inability of the master to properly organize the production process. Thus, when seating female workers and distributing operations between them, the individual speed of the seamstresses was not taken into account, as a result of which the entire work process was slowed down. It also turned out that when distributing operations, skills were not taken into account: complex operations were entrusted to those seamstresses who, due to lack of experience, made a lot of defects or completed the task very slowly, reducing the overall speed of the team’s work.

To summarize, we note that the regular use and analysis of photographs of work time makes it possible to find and eliminate existing shortcomings in the organization of a company’s work, which, like reserves for increasing employee productivity, exist in almost every company. The example work time photo above will help document this.

In accordance with the instructions for assessing working conditions when certifying workplaces for working conditions and providing compensation based on its results, approved by the resolution of the Ministry of Labor and social protection of the Republic of Belarus dated February 22, 2008 No. 35, initially a list of workplaces is determined at which it is necessary to monitor the production process.

In the process of work, job descriptions of workers are studied, the main operations of the technological process, the composition of the work, their nature, structure and volume are determined. In addition, it is necessary to identify harmful and (or) dangerous production factors affecting the employee, evaluate the time workers are employed in harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, process the results of observations, draw up and draw up photographs of working hours.

The names of the professions of workers and positions of employees must be compared with the types of work performed and the corresponding ETKS, ECSD, and the national classifier of the Republic of Belarus “Professions of workers and positions of employees” (OKPD).

Filling out the working time photo card (example)

As an example, we can consider the work of a milling machine operator in a mechanical repair shop.

Milling operator (occupation code 19479) performs milling on horizontal, vertical and copying machines milling machines using cutting tools and universal devices in compliance with the processing sequence and cutting modes in accordance with the technological process. Performs operations for milling edges, slots, tenons, radii and planes, rectangular and radius external and internal surfaces, shoulders, grooves, grooves, single-start threads and spirals, and also performs calculations for milling gear teeth, racks, complex and large parts and nodes Installs parts in vices of various designs. Performs adjustments and readjustments of equipment.

At the milling operator's workplace, harmful production factors are: chemicals(carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, rubber and electrocorundum dust), infrared radiation(work at the press), local vibration, noise, physical factor ( working posture). The assessment of working conditions is related to the “standing working posture” indicator. According to the technological process, the employee performs his labor functions standing or alternating a standing position with short-term movements within the working area in fact (80% of the shift time).

Milling operator working time photo map

Before observation begins, it is necessary to familiarize the worker with the purpose of this procedure. First, sheet 1 of the observation card is filled out, which notes: the name of the organization; workshop and production site; date, start and end of observation; characteristics of the performer, the work performed, equipment at the workplace, tools and devices used in the work, the state of organization and maintenance of the workplace (the milling machine operator’s workplace is located next to hydraulic press, during the vulcanization of rubber products, the worker is exposed to infrared radiation.).

The working time photograph card records the serial number of the observation sheet, the date of completion, the start and end time of the working day, the lesson and overtime work, as well as the name, specialty and profession of the worker.

The main part of the observation sheet indicates all types of work and breaks performed without exception (rest, personal needs, lunch, etc.) in the order in which they actually occur. At the same time, the current time of completion of each type of work performed (breaks) is recorded, which, in turn, is the beginning of the next type of work (break). By completing a photo map, one worker's time use during a shift is examined. Then the process of the milling machine operator’s working time is recorded in the photo map.

When conducting observations, all the actions of the performer are recorded in the sheet in the order in which they actually occur, namely, what was observed while simultaneously recording the current time (hours, minutes), duration (minutes) and end time of each type of work.

When compiling a photo map, direct losses and non-traditional costs of working time are identified, and the time of workers' employment during a shift is established. rational organization labor.

Workshop, area:___________________________ Observation date:________________

MAP
working hours photos
№______

Last name, first name, patronymic:____________________
Diploma specialty: milling operator
Profession, position: 19479 Milling operator

№pp	What was observed	Current time, h, min	Duration, min	Name of the harmful factor
1	Planning meeting	8:00	0:10
2	Receiving a shift assignment	8:10	0:10
3	Studying drawings	8:20	0:10
4	Milling roughing of a part	8:30	0:15
5	Changing and securing the cutter, size 392x300x150	8:45	0:05
6		8:50	0:20	Chemicals, noise, working posture
7	Changing and securing parts	9:10	0:10
8	Part relocation, installation, part alignment	9:20	0:10
9	Milling the second side of the part	9:30	0:20	Chemicals, noise, working posture
10	Break for personal needs	9:50	0:10
11	Drilling holes 50 mm, 52 mm	10:00	0:30	Chemicals, noise, working posture
12	Removing the part from the sheets and handing it over to the senior foreman	10:30	0:10
13	Making a guide for a beer bottling line	10:40	0:10	Chemicals, noise, working posture
14	Securing the part on the machine	10:50	0:05
15	Studying drawings	10:55	0:10
16	Milling of a part on four sides	11:05	0:20	Chemicals, noise, working posture
17	Dovetail milling	11:25	0:35
18	Lunch break	12:00	0:30
19	Removal of the part, delivery to the inspector	12:30	0:10
20	Preparation for the manufacture of transitions, bushings (10 pcs.) Receipt of blanks, drawings	12:40	0:10
21	Studying drawings	12:50	0:10
22	Securing the workpiece into the chuck	13:00	0:05
23	Tortsova, part centering	13:05	0:30	Chemicals, noise, working posture
24	Break for personal needs	13:35	0:10
25	Drilling a part	13:45	1:00	Chemicals, noise, working posture
26	Boring parts (10 pcs)	14:45	1:00	Chemicals, noise, working posture
27	Cleaning the workplace	15:45	0:15

Total:

1. Preparatory and final time, T.p.z. 0:20

2. Workplace service time, T.org.0:15

3. Operating time, T.op. 6:35

4. Time of breaks in work, T.per.:

– regulated breaks0:30

– unregulated breaks0:20

Artist's signature________________

Signature of the head of the structural unit ________________

This map can be downloaded in Excel format

Why are working time photo cards compiled?

Photographs of working hours are taken to identify:

• harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions in the workplace, indicating the name of the harmful factor affecting the employee when performing technological processes;
• shortcomings in the organization of labor and production, leading to direct losses and wasted time;
• initial data for developing standards for preparatory and final time, time for servicing the workplace, time for rest and personal needs, determining operational time for various works in single and small-scale production;
• established standards of service and standards for the number of workers;
• reasons for non-fulfillment or significant over-fulfillment of production (time) standards by individual workers.

Processing working time photo cards consists of systematizing all time losses and unproductive costs. Their results are used to develop measures to eliminate lost working time, as well as identify harmful and (or) dangerous production factors affecting the employee.

Reflection of time in working time photography cards

The working time for a production task is divided:

• for preparatory and final;
• operational;
• workplace service time.

Preparatory and final is the time during which a worker prepares the means of production to perform a given job and the actions associated with its completion (receipt of materials, tools, devices, work orders and technological documentation; familiarization with the work and technological documentation, instructions on the procedure for performing the work; installation and removal of tools and devices; setting up equipment for the required technological operating mode; finished products, tools, fixtures, technological documentation and material residues). Preparatory and final time is spent once on the entire batch of items of labor and does not depend on the amount of work performed on a given task.

Operational is the time spent on changing the shape, size and properties of the object of labor, as well as on performing auxiliary actions necessary to implement these changes. Operating time costs are repeated with each unit of production or a certain amount of work. It is divided into main and auxiliary.
Depending on the nature of the worker’s participation in performing a given job (operation), operational time is divided into:

• time self made performed by a worker without the use of machines and mechanisms;
• time of manual mechanized work performed manually using hand-held power tools;
• time machine-handmade performed by a worker using an actuator;
• the time of active monitoring of the operation of the equipment, during which the worker must actively monitor the operation of the machine, the progress of the technological process, compliance with the specified parameters in the operating modes of the equipment, etc., in order to ensure the proper quality of the product and the sequence of operation of the equipment. During this time, the worker does not perform physical work, but his attention is directed to the operating mechanism of the equipment processing the object, to the instrument readings, which makes continuous observation and his presence at the workplace mandatory;
• time of passive observation (within operational waiting), i.e. the period during machine operation when the worker does not need to constantly monitor the operation of the equipment or the progress of the technological process, but he does it due to the lack of other work;
• the time of movement (transitions) of a worker in the work area between machines, machines, units when servicing several pieces of equipment.

Manual work time in machine operations is divided into overlapping and non-overlapping machine time. The time norm includes only manual work time that is not overlapped by machine work, and the overlapped manual work time is taken into account only when determining the worker’s employment and workload.

Main is the time during which the main goal of the labor process is directly realized: a qualitative or quantitative change in the subject of labor, i.e. change in shape, size, appearance, physical, chemical and mechanical properties, condition and position of the object of labor being processed.

Auxiliary - this is the time spent by a worker performing actions that create the opportunity to perform the main work, which is the goal of the labor process. It is repeated either with each processed unit of production, or with a certain volume of it.

Workplace service time - the time spent by a worker on caring for his workplace and maintaining it in working condition. There are two periods:

• time maintenance workplace (maintenance of equipment when performing this specific work, replacement of worn-out tools, adjustment of equipment, removal of waste from the workplace);
• time organizational services(care of the workplace necessary to perform work during the shift - time for setting up at the beginning and cleaning at the end of the shift of tools and protective devices, inspection and testing of equipment, etc.).

The costs of the performer's working time are divided into standardized and non-standardized.

Normalized time consumption are divided into the time of work to complete a production task and the time of regulated breaks.

Unregulated time expenditures are divided into work time not provided for by the production task and time of unregulated breaks.

The time provided for by the production task is the time spent by the worker on performing random work caused by production needs, as well as the time spent on performing unproductive (excessive) work, i.e. work that does not increase production or improve its quality.

Time regulated breaks include breaks:

• for rest (provided to workers during a work shift for industrial gymnastics in order to maintain normal performance and prevent fatigue);
• for personal needs, spent by workers on personal hygiene and natural needs;
• provided for by specific technological and organizational conditions for the implementation of certain labor processes.

TO unregulated breaks breaks include:

• arising during the execution of a production task as a result of a disruption in the normal flow of the labor process due to organizational problems in servicing the workplace and supplying it with everything necessary for uninterrupted operation (raw materials, materials, workpieces, tools) and technical problems, etc.;
• caused by violation of labor discipline due to accidental distractions of a worker from work for various unjustified reasons.

The results of working time photographs are used to develop measures to eliminate lost working time, as well as to establish the right to compensation for workers engaged in work with hazardous and (or) dangerous conditions labor.
In case of lack of funds personal protection among workers or in case of violation of safety regulations in the workplace - all this can lead to the occurrence of occupational diseases.