How to specify the organizational legal form of the organization. Organizational and legal forms of entrepreneurial activity. Classification and types of organizational and legal forms

There is a question that sometimes confuses company owners. This is the organizational and legal form of the company. Although, in a good way, there is nothing complicated in the OPF.

What is OPF

The organizational and legal form (OPF), or as it is sometimes called, “the form of doing business”, is a way of owning and using property (for some, disposal) fixed by the legislation of the country, and, based on this, the purpose of creating and conducting activities.

Since legal entities can be divided into commercial and non-commercial, the purposes here may differ in:

• Making a profit - for commercial;
• Public interests, education, enlightenment, etc. - for non-commercial.

Commercial legal entities, in turn, are divided into:

• Business partnerships and companies - with the right to own, use and dispose of property;
• Unitary enterprises - with the right of economic management or operational management of property. They cannot manage it.

Let's take an example. The most common case of commercial legal. persons - LLC, or a limited liability company:

• Society - a type of commercial organization, namely a business entity.
• Limited liability- means that the company is liable for its obligations within the limits of its property and authorized capital. True, no one has canceled the subsidiary liability of its controlling persons.

Types of organizational and legal forms

Here it is easier to summarize everything in a table:

Commercial organizations
Partnerships	General partnerships
	Faith partnerships
Business companies	Limited liability companies
	Non-public joint-stock companies
	Public Joint Stock Companies
Unitary enterprises	Unitary enterprises based on the right of economic management
	Unitary enterprises based on the right of operational management
Other	Production cooperatives
	Peasant (farm) households (since January 1, 2010)
	Business partnerships
Non-Profit Organizations
Consumer cooperatives
Public associations	Public organizations
	social movements
	Bodies of public initiative
Political parties
Funds	Charitable foundations
	Public funds
Institutions	federal government agency
	federal state autonomous institution
	federal state state-financed organization
State corporations
Non-Profit Partnerships
Autonomous non-profit organizations
Communities of Indigenous Peoples
Cossack societies
Associations of legal entities (associations and unions)
Associations of peasant (farm) households
Territorial public self-governments
Associations of property owners
Horticultural, horticultural or dacha non-profit partnerships
Religious organizations
Lawyer formations	Law Office
	law office
	Law office
	law firm
	Law Firm
Notary offices	State notary offices
	Private notary offices
Without education legal entity
Mutual funds
Ordinary partnerships
Individual entrepreneurs

PLAN

Introduction. The essence of organizational and legal forms.

Organizational and legal forms of organizations (OPF):

1. Legislative acts of the OPF.

   OPF classification.

   OPF features. Advantages and disadvantages.

The role of the choice of the BPF in the activities of the organization.

Bibliography.

Introduction

The organizational legal form of an organization is called the form of an economic entity, which fixes the method of fixing and using property by an economic entity and its legal status and goals of activity arising from this. Business entities include any legal entities, as well as organizations operating without forming a legal entity, and individual entrepreneurs.

The existence of an OPF gives the entrepreneur the opportunity to identify and consolidate:

entrepreneur status;

determine the organizational and legal unity of the company (the company's management bodies, the boundaries of their legal capacity);

and the mechanism of property liability, which in turn is a mechanism of control by the state and an instrument of influence.

Each country has its own organizational and legal forms of doing business, which have clear characteristics and strictly enforced requirements.

The need to create an OPF and the mandatory registration of individuals and legal entities is associated with the existence of a large number of informal and underground businesses: "underground production", entrepreneurship that does not meet standards, avoids paying taxes, piracy of the brand, etc.

The need to choose an OPF arises whenever:

creation of a new enterprise;

transforming an existing one.

The choice of OPF is a long-term solution and changing the form, as a rule, is associated with serious organizational costs, material and financial losses, loss of suppliers and customers. The reasons for changing the OPF can be: a change in legislation, or a change in the size and volume of production of the company.

Organizational and legal forms of organizations.

Legislative acts of the OPF.

There are the following legislative acts regulating the creation, requirements, liability, reorganization and liquidation of OPF: the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the All-Russian Classification of Legal Forms, the Federal Laws "On Limited Liability Companies", "On Joint Stock Companies", etc.

Any enterprise as a legal entity in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, regardless of the organizational and legal form, has the same rights as other enterprises. The differences lie in the rights of the founders (participants, shareholders) of such enterprises. It is this set of rights of the founder (participant, shareholder) of a legal entity that determines the choice of one or another organizational and legal form of the enterprise.

OPF classification.

The All-Russian OPF classifier identifies the following main classification groups:

legal entities that are commercial organizations;

legal entities that are non-profit organizations;

organizations without the rights of a legal entity;

individual entrepreneurs.

Based on goals entrepreneurial activity, business entities that are legal entities are divided into organizations that pursue profit as the main goal of their activities ( commercial organizations ) or do not have profit making as such a goal and do not distribute the profit received among the participants ( non-profit organizations ).

Legal entities that are commercial organizations can be created in the form of economic partnerships and companies, production cooperatives, state and municipal unitary enterprises.

Legal entities that are non-profit organizations may be created in the form of consumer cooperatives, public or religious organizations, institutions, charitable and other foundations, as well as in other forms provided for by law (non-profit partnerships, autonomous non-profit organizations, branches of foreign non-profit non-governmental organizations, etc.). d.).

To business entities that are not legal entities, but have the right to carry out their activities without formation of a legal entity , include mutual investment funds, representative offices, branches and other separate subdivisions of legal entities, peasant ( farms) (since January 1, 2010), as well as simple partnerships.

To individual entrepreneurs include citizens who carry out their activities without forming a legal entity.

Figure 1. presents a diagram of the organizational and legal forms that exist today in Russian Federation.

Figure 1. Organizational legal forms RF.

OPF features. Advantages and disadvantages.

Using the diagram shown in Figure 1, we will characterize the existing organizational and legal forms.

I . Commercial organizations - organizations whose main goal is to make a profit and distribute it among the participants. These include:

a) Business partnerships- to commercial organizations in which contributions to the share capital are divided into shares of the founders. A distinction is made between a general partnership and a partnership in faith.

General partnership ( Fri) - a partnership whose participants (general partners) on behalf of the partnership are engaged in entrepreneurial activities and are liable for its obligations not only with their contributions to the share capital of the PT, but also with their property.

Pros and cons: Participants of the PT must be highly qualified and enjoy mutual trust. If these requirements are met, management has a high efficiency and effectiveness. If participants do not meet these requirements, then there is a high probability of various kinds of negative consequences.

Faith Partnership (TNV) - a partnership in which, along with general partners, there is at least one participant of a different type - a contributor (limited partner), who does not participate in entrepreneurial activities and bears risk only within the limits of his contribution to the share capital of TNV.

Pros and cons: Management is efficient. General partners must be like-minded, enjoy the trust of investors, have high qualifications and a developed sense of responsibility. Otherwise, there is a high probability of various kinds of negative consequences.

b) Business companies -to commercial organizations in which contributions to authorized capital divided into shares of the founders. Exist:

Limited Liability Company (LLC) - an economic company, the participants of which are not liable for its obligations and bear the risk only within the limits of their contributions to the authorized capital. Provides one type of membership - member. It can be an individual or a legal entity (their possible number is from 1 to 50). Controls: general meeting participants, management. The number of votes by agreement of the participants is specified in the constituent documents (recommendation: in proportion to the share in authorized capital). Participants bear the risk of losses within the value of their contributions to the authorized capital of the company. The profit allocated for dividends is distributed among the participants in proportion to their shares in the authorized capital. Upon withdrawal, the participant has the right: to receive a share in money, in kind, to transfer part of it or all of it to another person (participants in this have an advantage over third parties).

Pros and cons: If the number of participants exceeds 15-20, then the sense of ownership and efficiency of management are reduced. An LLC is preferable if the participants do not want to transfer all management rights to a narrow circle of people. The fact of material liability for obligations within the limits of the company's property reduces the interest for creditors.

Additional Liability Company (ALC) - a business company, the participants of which jointly and severally bear subsidiary (full) liability for its obligations with their property in the same multiple for all of the value of their contributions to the authorized capital.

Pros and cons: Responsibility for the obligations of the bankrupt participant is transferred to other participants. ODO is preferable if the participants are highly qualified and trust each other. The high responsibility of the participants contributes to the improvement of the quality of their activities, the growth of trust in them by other organizations.

open joint-stock company(JSC) - a business company, the authorized capital of which is divided into a certain number of shares, the owners of which can alienate their part without the consent of other shareholders. Shareholders bear risk only to the extent of the value of their shares. Governing bodies: general meeting of shareholders, supervisory board, board (management) headed by the chairman (director). The share of preferred (non-voting) shares must not exceed 25%. Dividend profit is distributed among shareholders in proportion to the number of shares they own.

Pros and cons: The number of shareholders is not limited. Preferred if it is necessary to make large capital investments (by attracting potential investors to the participants).

Closed Joint Stock Company (CJSC) - a joint-stock company, whose shares are distributed only among its founders or other predetermined circle of persons. Shareholders of a CJSC have a pre-emptive right to acquire shares sold by its other shareholders. Shareholders bear risk only to the extent of the value of their shares.

Pros and cons: This form is preferable if: participants do not want to entrust management to a narrow circle of qualified employees (or if there are none); Participants want to limit their composition to a predetermined circle of people.

in)Production cooperatives- d voluntary association of citizens on the basis of membership for joint production or other economic activities based on personal labor participation and association of property share contributions by its members (to the cooperative's share fund):

Agricultural artel (collective farm) (SPK) - a cooperative created for the production of agricultural products. It provides for 2 types of membership: a member of a cooperative (works in a cooperative and has the right to vote); associate member (has the right to vote only in certain cases provided for by law).

Pros and cons: The number of participants is limited only by the lower limit - 5 people. If the number of participants exceeds 15-20, then the sense of ownership decreases. The SPC is preferable if participants do not want to entrust management to a narrow circle of skilled workers (or if there are none). Management is not efficient enough. Each participant, regardless of the size of the contribution, has 1 vote (the risk is not proportional to the contribution).

Fishing artel (collective farm) (RPK) - a cooperative established for the production of fish products. It provides for 2 types of membership: a member of a cooperative (works in a cooperative and has the right to vote); associate member (the right to vote is vested only in certain cases provided for by law).

Cooperative farm (koopkhoz) (SKH) - a cooperative created by the heads of peasant farms and (or) citizens running personal subsidiary plots for joint activities in the production of agricultural products based on personal labor participation and the combination of their property shares (land plots of peasant farms and private household plots remain in their ownership).

G) Unitary enterprises- An enterprise is recognized as a unitary enterprise that is not endowed with the right of ownership of the property assigned to it by the owner. Only state and municipal enterprises can be unitary:

State (state) enterprise (GKP) - unitary enterprise based on the right of operational management and created on the basis of property that is in federal (state) ownership. A state-owned enterprise is created by decision of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Pros and cons: The enterprise can receive assistance from the state. However, the management and other employees of the enterprise will not be sufficiently interested in efficient work. PCUs are generally unable to compete with private enterprises.

Municipal enterprise (MP)- a unitary enterprise based on the right of economic management and created on the basis of state or municipal property. Created by decision of the authorized government agency or local government.

Pros and cons: similar to GKP.

II . Non-Profit Organizations - organizations that do not pursue the goal of making a profit and do not distribute the profits received among the participants:

Consumer Cooperative (PC) - a voluntary association of citizens and legal entities on the basis of membership in order to meet the material and other needs of the participants, carried out by combining property shares by its members. Provides 2 types of membership: member of the cooperative (with the right to vote); associate member (has the right to vote only in certain cases provided for by law).

Public and religious organizations - voluntary association of citizens on the basis of common interests to meet spiritual or other non-material needs. The right to carry out entrepreneurial activities only to achieve the goals of the organization. Participants do not retain ownership of the property transferred to the organization.

Funds - an organization that does not have membership, established by citizens and (or) legal entities on the basis of voluntary property contributions, pursuing social, charitable, cultural, educational or other socially useful goals. The right to engage in entrepreneurial activities to achieve their goals (including through the creation of economic companies and participation in them).

Institutions - an organization created by the owner to carry out managerial, socio-cultural or other functions of a non-commercial nature and financed by him in whole or in part.

III . Associations of legal entities - associations (unions) created by legal entities in order to coordinate business activities and protect their property interests. Association members retain their independence and the rights of a legal entity.

The role of the choice of the BPF in the activities of the organization.

When choosing the organizational and legal form of a future enterprise, it is necessary to take into account their features, so as not to later find out that in order to conduct any business transaction or solve a certain problem, it is necessary to re-register the company.

To select the OPF, the following aspects of the future enterprise should be taken into account:

Goals and activities, the possibility of making a profit;

• Profit distribution;

• Responsibility of founders (participants);

• Taxation;

• Accounting and reporting;

• The minimum size of the property of the organization;

• The possibility of participants to receive part of the property of the organization upon exit from it and upon its liquidation;

• Type of management and number of enterprises.

Thus, the choice of legal form plays an important role not only in the process of registration of legal entities, but also in the further functioning of enterprises. The convenience of managing an organization, the security of investments, the confidentiality of information about the founders, and much more directly depend on the correct selection of the legal form. Organizational - legal forms enterprises (4)Abstract >> Economic theory

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Organizational and legal form

An economic entity is a form of an economic entity recognized by the legislation of a particular country, fixing the method of fixing and using property by an economic entity and its consequences arising from this. legal status and purpose of the activity.

Organizational and legal form- a way of fixing and using property by an economic entity and its legal status and business goals arising from this.

In the all-Russian classifier of organizational and legal forms (OKOPF) (OK 028-99 (as amended by amendment No. 1/99)) each legal form corresponds to a two-digit digital code, the name of the legal form, and the collection algorithm.

Classification of organizational and legal forms in the Russian Federation

There are the following types of organizational and legal forms of economic entities (hereinafter also OPF):

OPF of economic entities that are legal entities-commercial organizations

• Partnerships
• Society
• Joint stock companies
• Unitary enterprises
  • Unitary enterprises based on the right of economic management
  • Unitary enterprises based on the right of operational management
• Other

OPF of economic entities that are legal entities-non-profit organizations

• Public associations (including religious associations)
  • Bodies of public initiative
• Foundations (including public foundations)
• Institutions (including public institutions)
• Communities of Indigenous Peoples
• Associations of legal entities (associations and unions)
• Associations of peasant (farm) households
• Horticultural, horticultural or dacha non-profit partnerships

OPF of economic entities without the rights of a legal entity

• Ordinary partnerships

BTF examples

state and municipal institutions

The simplest name for the OPF of state institutions is FGU (federal) and GU (regional, Moscow and St. Petersburg). Sometimes the word “budgetary” is added to the OPF, for example, in the OPF forestry, correctional colonies. The name of the OPF may include the word "regional" and even the name of the subject of the Russian Federation: "Novosibirsk region", "city of Moscow", but not necessarily.

OPF of state institutions:

• federal government agency
• Regional State Institution (State Regional Institution), OSU
• government agency
• Federal state budgetary institution

Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science

• Regional state budgetary institution
• State budgetary institution of the Novosibirsk region
• State budgetary institution of the city of Moscow
• State budget institution
• State (municipal) public institution

Educational, healthcare and cultural institutions have their own OPF names:

OPF of educational institutions:

• federal state autonomous educational institution higher vocational education
• State educational institution of higher professional education
• State educational institution of secondary vocational education
• State educational institution
• Municipal budgetary educational institution
• Municipal preschool educational institution

OPF of military educational institutions:

• Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education
• State military educational institution of higher professional education

OPF of health care institutions:

• Federal Public Health Institution
• Public Health Institution
• Municipal Health Institution

OPF of cultural institutions:

• Federal public institution culture
• State Budgetary Institution of Culture of the Sverdlovsk Region
• State institution of culture of the city of Moscow

Unusual OPFs:

• Regional state educational institution for orphans and children left without parental care
• State Special Rehabilitation Educational Institution of Secondary Vocational Education - College for the Disabled
• Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary (Complete) general education "Astrakhan Suvorov Military School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation"- does not have an indication of "military".

state and municipal unitary enterprises

OPF of unitary enterprises:

• Federal State Unitary Enterprise
• State Regional Unitary Enterprise
• State unitary enterprise
• Municipal unitary enterprise

see also

• Types of companies

Sources

• Chapter 4
• Federal Law No. 82-FZ of May 19, 1995 "On public associations"
• Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of March 30, 1999 N 97(as amended on 06/09/2001) "On the adoption and implementation of all-Russian classifiers" (together with " all-Russian classifier forms of ownership” OK 027-99)

Links

• The choice of the organizational and legal form of the enterprise - an article by Doctor of Economics, Professor Adukov

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

• Las Casas, Bartolome de
• Victor Emmanuel II

See what "Organizational and legal form" is in other dictionaries:

Organizational and legal form- The legal form in which the registration and activities of a legal entity are carried out. Examples of organizational and legal forms are an open joint stock company, a closed joint stock company, a limited partnership, a limited company ...

FORM OF OWNERSHIP ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL- Organizational form of ownership of the means of production, enshrined in national legislation Glossary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of business terms

Legal form of activity- organizational management form activities of authorized entities. Its legal essence is that it is based on the prescriptions of law and always entails the onset of certain legal consequences. Unlike actual... Theory of state and law in schemes and definitions

FORM OF OWNERSHIP, ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL - organizational form ownership of the means of production enshrined in national legislation ... Big Economic Dictionary

Legal system- This article or section needs to be revised. Please improve the article in accordance with the rules for writing articles ... Wikipedia

Joint stock companies- The organizational and legal form of an enterprise that, for its obligations to creditors, is liable only for the property that belongs to it. Shareholders do not bear any responsibility to creditors, they only risk ... Terminological dictionary of a librarian on socio-economic topics

General partnership- Organizational legal form of a commercial organization. A partnership is recognized as full, the participants of which (general partners), in accordance with the agreement concluded between them, are engaged in entrepreneurial activities on behalf of the partnership and ... ... Vocabulary: accounting, taxes, business law

MEETING OF THE FEDERATION COUNCIL- organizational legal form of consideration by the upper chamber Federal Assembly issues referred by the Constitution of the Russian Federation to its jurisdiction. The regulations of the Federation Council provide that the chamber holds meetings from September 16 of the current to 15 ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary "Constitutional Law of Russia"

Organizational and legal form

An economic entity is a form of an economic entity recognized by the legislation of a particular country, fixing the method of fixing and using property by an economic entity and its legal status and goals of activity arising from this.

Organizational and legal form- a way of fixing and using property by an economic entity and its legal status and business goals arising from this.

In the all-Russian classifier of organizational and legal forms (OKOPF) (OK 028-99 (as amended by amendment No. 1/99)) each legal form corresponds to a two-digit digital code, the name of the legal form, and the collection algorithm.

Classification of organizational and legal forms in the Russian Federation

There are the following types of organizational and legal forms of economic entities (hereinafter also OPF):

OPF of economic entities that are legal entities-commercial organizations

• Partnerships
• Society
• Joint stock companies
• Unitary enterprises
  • Unitary enterprises based on the right of economic management
  • Unitary enterprises based on the right of operational management
• Other

OPF of economic entities that are legal entities-non-profit organizations

• Public associations (including religious associations)
  • Bodies of public initiative
• Foundations (including public foundations)
• Institutions (including public institutions)
• Communities of Indigenous Peoples
• Associations of legal entities (associations and unions)
• Associations of peasant (farm) households
• Horticultural, horticultural or dacha non-profit partnerships

OPF of economic entities without the rights of a legal entity

• Ordinary partnerships

BTF examples

state and municipal institutions

The simplest name for the OPF of state institutions is FGU (federal) and GU (regional, Moscow and St. Petersburg). Sometimes the word “budgetary” is added to the OPF, for example, in the OPF forestry, correctional colonies. The name of the OPF may include the word "regional" and even the name of the subject of the Russian Federation: "Novosibirsk region", "city of Moscow", but not necessarily.

OPF of state institutions:

• federal government agency
• Regional State Institution (State Regional Institution), OSU
• government agency
• Federal state budgetary institution

Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science

• Regional state budgetary institution
• State budgetary institution of the Novosibirsk region
• State budgetary institution of the city of Moscow
• State budget institution
• State (municipal) public institution

Educational, healthcare and cultural institutions have their own OPF names:

OPF of educational institutions:

• Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education
• State educational institution of higher professional education
• State educational institution of secondary vocational education
• State educational institution
• Municipal budgetary educational institution
• Municipal preschool educational institution

OPF of military educational institutions:

• Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education
• State military educational institution of higher professional education

OPF of health care institutions:

• Federal Public Health Institution
• Public Health Institution
• Municipal Health Institution

OPF of cultural institutions:

• Federal State Institution of Culture
• State Budgetary Institution of Culture of the Sverdlovsk Region
• State institution of culture of the city of Moscow

Unusual OPFs:

• Regional state educational institution for orphans and children left without parental care
• State Special Rehabilitation Educational Institution of Secondary Vocational Education - College for the Disabled
• Federal State Educational Institution of Secondary (Complete) General Education "Astrakhan Suvorov Military School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation"- does not have an indication of "military".

state and municipal unitary enterprises

OPF of unitary enterprises:

• Federal State Unitary Enterprise
• State Regional Unitary Enterprise
• State unitary enterprise
• Municipal unitary enterprise

see also

• Types of companies

Sources

• Chapter 4
• Federal Law No. 82-FZ of May 19, 1995 "On public associations"
• Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of March 30, 1999 N 97(as amended on 06/09/2001) "On the adoption and implementation of all-Russian classifiers" (together with the "all-Russian classifier of forms of ownership" OK 027-99)

Links

• The choice of the organizational and legal form of the enterprise - an article by Doctor of Economics, Professor Adukov

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

See what "Organizational and legal form" is in other dictionaries:

Organizational and legal form- The legal form in which the registration and activities of a legal entity are carried out. Examples of organizational and legal forms are an open joint stock company, a closed joint stock company, a limited partnership, a limited company ...

Organizational form of ownership of the means of production, enshrined in national legislation Glossary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of business terms

Legal form of activity- organizational and managerial form of activities of authorized subjects. Its legal essence is that it is based on the prescriptions of law and always entails the onset of certain legal consequences. Unlike actual... Theory of state and law in schemes and definitions

FORM OF OWNERSHIP, ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL- organizational form of ownership of the means of production enshrined in national legislation ... Big Economic Dictionary

This article or section needs revision. Please improve the article in accordance with the rules for writing articles ... Wikipedia

Joint stock companies- The organizational and legal form of an enterprise that, for its obligations to creditors, is liable only for the property that belongs to it. Shareholders do not bear any responsibility to creditors, they only risk ... Terminological dictionary of a librarian on socio-economic topics

General partnership- Organizational legal form of a commercial organization. A partnership is recognized as full, the participants of which (general partners), in accordance with the agreement concluded between them, are engaged in entrepreneurial activities on behalf of the partnership and ... ... Vocabulary: accounting, taxes, business law

MEETING OF THE FEDERATION COUNCIL- organizational and legal form of consideration by the upper chamber of the Federal Assembly of issues referred by the Constitution of the Russian Federation to its jurisdiction. The regulations of the Federation Council provide that the chamber holds meetings from September 16 of the current to 15 ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary "Constitutional Law of Russia"

Types of organizational and legal forms of organizations represent a classification of business entities in modern conditions. The main feature of this classification is the division of economic entities in accordance with the organizational and legal form of companies.

The types of organizational and legal forms of organizations are regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (CC RF), which introduced the concepts of "commercial organization" and "non-profit organization".

Types of organizational and legal forms of organizations

In accordance with the nature of the activities of enterprises, the types of organizational and legal forms of organizations include:

1. commercial enterprises,
2. Non-commercial enterprises,
3. Organizations without forming a legal entity;
4. state (municipal) organization;
5. state (unitary) enterprise.

Currently, there are the following types of organizational and legal forms of organizations that carry out commercial activities: a company, a partnership, a joint-stock company, unitary enterprises.

In addition, there is a category that includes production cooperatives. In the field non-profit organizations can be identified consumer cooperative, public organizations(movements, associations), fund ( non-commercial partnership), partnerships (gardening, country, homeowners), association (union), non-profit companies autonomous type.

For enterprises that do not form a legal entity, the following types of organizational and legal forms of organizations may be provided: mutual investment funds, simple partnership, branch (representative office), individual entrepreneur, farm (peasant) economy.

Shape selection

The types of organizational and legal forms of organizations, in addition to the nature of the main activity, are also influenced by some other factors, among which may be organizational, technical, economic and social.

In accordance with organizational and technical factors, the types of organizational and legal forms of organizations are determined based on the number of founders, their characteristics, areas commercial activities, nature and novelty of the products produced. Taking into account the social and economic factor volume is taken into account start-up capital and personal characteristics of the entrepreneur and his team.

Also, the types of organizational and legal forms of organizations can be limited current legislation. For example, commercial organizations with the status of a legal entity can only be created in the form of a partnership of any type, a company (open or closed, with limited liability).

Types of organizational and legal forms of commercial organizations

Types of organizational and legal forms of organizations of a commercial nature can also be classified into several types:

1. A business partnership, divided into full and based on faith, the difference between which lies in the degree of responsibility of the participants (partners). In a full society, partners in obligations are liable with all their property, but in a society based on faith, they are liable in accordance with the amount of their contributions.
2. Economic company (LLC), joint-stock company (JSC). The capital of an LLC includes the contributions of the participants and is divided into shares; in a JSC, the capital is divided into the corresponding number of shares.
3. A production cooperative is a voluntary association of members (citizens), it is based on membership and share contributions, as well as on the personal labor of the participants.
4. Business partnerships are very rare, almost never mentioned in Civil Code. Such enterprises are regulated by a separate law.
5. Peasant farms are an association for the purpose of maintaining Agriculture based on the personal participation of citizens in business and their property contributions.

Examples of problem solving

EXAMPLE 1

Exercise

Types of organizational and legal forms of organizations without forming a legal entity include: 1) Joint stock company,