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The most demanded higher education. What professions will be in demand? Scientific development today

In order to decide on your life path, young people are increasingly thinking about what professions are now in demand in the labor market. And this is not just a whim of the younger generation. The choice of specialty affects their entire future life. The pattern can be traced quite easily - first, training in a profession in demand, then a highly paid job with the prospect of rising in career ladder and then the implementation of the plans. For some it's strong and loving family, for the creation of which a stable income and prospects for being in demand in the labor market for many years are vital. And for some, this is an opportunity to live for their own pleasure, which is also, in general, not bad.

World labor market

In order to understand what professions are now in demand and highly paid, you can look through specialized paper publications, where prospects are regularly discussed different specialties in one area or another. Currently, the world labor market is recognized as the most profitable medical direction. But in the first place were, surprisingly, not plastic surgeons, but anesthesiologists. The second place is shared by surgeons of various fields, gynecologists and dentists. In an honorable third place are industry specialists - engineers, as a rule, graduates of prestigious educational institutions with solid experience. Choosing one of these professions allows you to earn from 140 to 200 thousand dollars.

However, the choice is not limited to these specialties. Managers, lawyers, programmers, logisticians and auditors are always in demand on the labor market all over the world. Even though they are not representatives of the management, they are provided with decent pay and employment.

Antirating

In order to understand which profession is now the most in demand, you should familiarize yourself with a kind of anti-rating of the lowest paid or non-prestigious specialties. It is given for a dual purpose. On the one hand, it becomes possible to find out what should be avoided, on the other hand, one should not forget that if the position is unpopular, then most likely it is she who is paid more generously. For example, a pathologist is an unappetizing profession, but it is always in demand and with a stable income.

So, in Russia, drivers are considered not prestigious public transport, janitors, cashiers, plumbers, loaders and skilled machine operators. The highest paid of this list are machinists. Depending on the category, work experience, demand in a particular region, their salary can be 100-150 thousand rubles.

In Europe and the USA, security guards, butchers, salesmen, taxi drivers, waiters and dancers are considered not prestigious. This list also includes politicians and football players - these professions can hardly be called low-paid, rather, such a low rating is due to the attitude of citizens towards individual representatives of these areas.

Professions of the future

Many specialists annually calculate in which direction humanity will move, and always come up with such opposite results that it is difficult to trust them. Especially when it comes to choosing a profession. However, they agree on something. For example, most believe that the future belongs to information technology and social sphere, and all monotonous monotonous work will be mechanized. Since typists once disappeared, drivers of personal and public transport, as well as bank employees, will disappear. But the younger generation will have a chance to prove themselves in the field of biotechnology, new materials and nanotechnology, robotics and mechanical engineering.

What professions are in demand in Russia now

However, let's stop the flight of fantasy and return to the sinful earth. In order to be in demand in the global labor market, especially in areas such as medicine or engineering, you need not only to graduate from a prestigious educational institution, but also to become one of the best in your profession. Not many people can do this, and not everyone is ready to leave the country. Therefore, we will dwell on what professions are now in demand in Russia - these are sales managers, IT specialists, civil engineers, linguists and translators, and not so much in European languages, but in Eastern and Asian ones. Doctors and teachers are also included in the rating of popular specialties, although the issue of high pay is debatable here. Some are content with a modest salary, others hold positions in private clinics and prestigious schools and receive high salary.

What professions are now in demand for girls

Gender equality issues have become less acute, and now no one is surprised by women in senior management positions. But, to be extremely honest, there are representatives of the fair sex among the directors large companies, bankers, heads of large holdings is quite rare.

So, what profession is now the most in demand for a woman? The weaker sex can claim a lot, including good career growth and a high salary. Moreover, in some areas, women can give odds to men. For example, in the field of advertising, marketing, tax and auditing, the fair half is in the lead. You can also try yourself as a manager, logistician or lawyer.

Rare specialties

A rare profession is an opportunity to become a unique specialist, and therefore in demand, and, most likely, with a good salary. These professions include, for example, bell casters, "ant" farmers, "milkers" of snakes. But it's more of a lifestyle than just a job. You can also become a smell expert, a taster or a professional conversationalist. These specialties are not taught, it is very difficult to get into such a job, but they guarantee a rich and interesting life. The main risk associated with choosing a rare specialty is the loss of a job and the inability to find something in the labor market. If, for example, a lawyer or a manager easily finds a vacancy, even if not in their own, but in a neighboring city, then getting a job as a stylist (wig maker) is almost hopeless.

Understand in which area you would like to work, it is advisable to choose 2-3 options.
Find out what jobs are in demand right now.
Find points of intersection with the list of in-demand specialties.
Define your strengths and calculate your opportunities to master the desired profession.
Always have a fallback.

These are very simple tips that save time, and more importantly, nerves. After all, you can’t just choose a profession from the list, focusing solely on the level of future income. For creative specialties, you need a certain talent, for work in the field information technologies- good mathematical and logical abilities, for a sales manager - the ability to win over people and conduct an easy, relaxed conversation, etc.

And as a fallback, it’s worth finding out which working professions are in demand right now. For example, at present, in Russia, enterprises most of all need electric welders, turners, chemists and locksmiths in various fields. And although these specialties are not the highest paid, it is impossible to remain without work.

Professional education is not a sentence

Knowledge about what professions are in demand now does not always remain relevant 5-6 years later, after studies are left behind. After all, the applicant will have to compete with the mass of the same former students who also want a prestigious and high paying job. And it also happens that after receiving a diploma, a newly minted specialist realizes that he has chosen the wrong direction at all.

In any case, there is always a way out: for an employer, it is often only the presence of a higher education that matters, and not his profile. And many are ready to teach the employee all the tricks themselves, especially since this allows you to save on wages. Well, for a future employee, this is an opportunity to study the profession from the bottom and gradually move up the career ladder, combining it with study.

Analysis of the labor market in Russia for 2014–2019 shows that its structure is gradually changing. Vacancies that were not particularly in demand two or three years ago are becoming relevant. In particular, these are IT specialists, freelancers in various fields, robotics, HR specialists, recruiters, etc.

In 2019, vacancies that were not particularly in demand two or three years ago become relevant.

But in 2019, the situation in the Russian Federation has changed, which is associated with the gradual stabilization of the economy, labor market, trade and finance.

The following factors influence the state of the labor market and the level of employment of the population during 2018-2019:

War in eastern Ukraine.
Sanctions against Russia imposed by Western countries and the United States.
Accession of the Crimean peninsula, and its inclusion in the all-Russian economic system.
Rising prices for food, services, utility bills.
High inflation, which remains stably high.
demographic crisis.
The low standard of living of the population and the differentiation of society into rich and poor.
The transition of the economy into a phase of stagnation.
High unemployment.

In addition, the state of the labor market in Russia is influenced by events in the international arena. Changing the conjuncture of the system international relations, foreign economic relations, the introduction of new technologies, automation and robotization directly affect the level of employment of Russians, incomes of the population and wages.

Popular professions among job seekers in 2019

As a result, the Russian labor market is characterized by the following features:

There is differentiation across regions.
There is a so-called gray economy sector. More than 40% of workers work in the "shadow", without official registration.
There are slow processes of replacing inefficient specialties with effective ones.
Legislation has not been adapted to the new conditions of the labor market.

The labor market in Russia in 2016–2019: trends

Studies regularly conducted by experts and analysts show that 25% of Russians in the fall of 2015 considered the economic situation in the Russian Federation difficult and unstable. Opinions of the same number of citizens that there are positive changes. More than half of the population of the Russian Federation believes that there are no changes in the labor market.

Research also shows that Russian citizens are concerned about finding a job. Their opinions (as a percentage) are expressed as follows:

12 - search new work will be difficult and fruitless.
30 - a new job will be worse, including wages.
25 - if the employer fires, then it will not be difficult to find a job again.
31 - there is work, you just need to make a little effort to get a positive result.

During 2016–2019 for economic system and the labor market were characterized by crisis phenomena, which then deepened, then stabilized. A certain stagnation occurred in 2015, when Russian market labor constantly needed such specialists:

marketers;
accountants;
financiers;
auditors;
economists;
programmers;
IT specialists.

Unemployment rate in Russia compared to other countries

Resurgent demand for workers Agriculture and qualified specialists for plants, factories, companies. Travel companies and firms began to recruit employees, as domestic tourism has intensified.

At the same time, there were more vacancies in some regions than people who were looking for work.

The end of 2018 is the period when the number of cuts peaked. This trend continued at the beginning of 2019, but then the situation began to change. Many companies have begun planning for a gradual expansion of the workforce. First of all, vacancies appeared in the following areas:

Information technologies.
Financial organizations.
Mass media, including electronic ones.
Medical area.
Pharmacology.

In 2019, when the situation on the labor market began to level off, the number of vacancies gradually increased. Engineers, technicians, blue-collar workers were considered in demand. There is a constant shortage of qualified personnel at enterprises and factories, so employers sign contracts with universities, colleges and technical schools.

Demanded professions among employers in 2019

Employers are actively involved in the process of retraining and advanced training of their employees. To this end, special training career growth, mastering new methods of work, including on a computer.

Employment rate in 2019

Official statistics indicated that in 2019 the number of able-bodied citizens of the Russian Federation was almost 76 million people, which is 52% of the total population of Russia. At the same time, the unemployment rate reached at that time 5.8% (4.4 million people). Compared to 2018, this figure increased by 3.4%.

Simultaneously with the increase in the unemployment rate, there was a reduction in the income of the population, the level of wages. Many enterprises have owed salaries to their employees since 2019.

The situation in the country developed differently:

Moscow and Moscow region. The labor market and the economic situation have hardly suffered from sanctions, political influence, inflation.
Siberia, Urals, North Caucasus, Far East. There are no problems with employment, since many workers work without official registration or create own business while working for yourself.

Current vacancies in 2016–2019

Despite massive layoffs in 2016 and early 2019, the number of vacancies began to grow, which a few years ago were considered unclaimed, unpromising, and unnecessary.

First of all, specialists who switched to a remote work schedule began to be massively required. For the employer, this is very beneficial, since you can hire a highly qualified person from another city or even a region. At the same time, there is no need to pay for the rental of premises, to look for equipment, an office.

The number of resumes per job in various fields

The top professions that were in demand in late 2016 - early 2019 included:

Factory workers and industrial enterprises: welders different directions, electricians, millers.
Engineers. Specialists who could work in other related fields were especially appreciated.
Programmers.
, nurses, nurses.
Sales professionals.
Drivers.
Logistics.
Call center operators.
Secretaries.
Executive assistants.

The market for agriculture and production began to gradually emerge from the crisis; workers were required to participate in import and export programs. In this regard, the heads of enterprises carried out the modernization of production, where there are always not enough drivers of tractors and trucks, toolmakers, machine operators, including those who can work on CNC machines.

Features of Russian unemployment

Among the main problems of the labor market in Russia are unemployment and misuse of labor force. There are several types of unemployment in the country:

regional;
structural;
friction;
latent.

Regional unemployment is the most widespread. It is exacerbated due to the fact that in the regions there is untimely payment of wages. Unemployment is characterized by heterogeneity, strong differentiation by industries, areas of employment and territories.

How the unemployment rate differs in different regions of Russia

The results of regional unemployment are:

Deterioration of economic indicators.
Social tension.
Separation of regions from the center.
The development of crime.
emergence of regional conflicts.

Latent unemployment is very dangerous for the labor market and the employed population, as it delays the transition to a market economy in Russia. Many countries of the world are undergoing such a transitional period, but in the Russian Federation the process has dragged on. This prevents workers from getting used to the new working conditions and the mobility of specialists from one industry to another, and becomes an obstacle to the registration of official unemployed by employment centers.

Latent unemployment provokes delays wages, which do not increase in size. At the same time, there is a decrease in the standard of living of people, and the differentiation of society is increasing.

Rosstat data for 2016–2019 show that unemployment is characterized by an uneven distribution of unemployed people across regions. detailed information presented in the table.

Region of the Russian Federation		Minimum indicators	Maximum performance
Central Federal District	3,2 %–5,8 %	Moscow - 3.2%	Ivanovo region - 5.8%
North Caucasian Federal District	12,5 %	Stavropol region	The Republic of Ingushetia
Northwestern Federal District	4,9 %	St. Petersburg	Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Southern Federal District	6,8 %	Krasnodar region	Kalmykia
Volga Federal District	5,2 %	Samara Region	Kirov region
Ural federal district	5,9 %	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	Kurgan region
Siberian Federal District	7,5 %	Tyva Republic	Novosibirsk region
Far Eastern Federal District	6,3 %	Magadan Region	Jewish Autonomous Region

Thus, during 2014–2019. the unemployment rate by regions did not exceed 12.5% (maximum value). The data show that the number of unemployed people in individual regions is approximately the same: on average, from five to 7.5% of Russians are unemployed.

Labor market in 2019–2019

The formation of modern labor relations and the formation of the labor market in Russia after overcoming the crisis continues. In 2018 and 2019, analysts, first of all, note the imbalance in employment, the lack of a distribution structure labor resources.

At the same time, experts pay attention to the following phenomena:

Lack of workers and specialists in industries where graduates of technical universities, colleges and technical schools are needed.
Unemployment continues to rise.
An employee with high qualifications and professional training is valued, which has a positive effect on increasing the number of young people who go to study.
Employees with high-quality knowledge and practical skills will come to work. But for this, employers will have to adapt to the new realities of the labor market: the duration of training is increasing, and labor activity begins much later.
Employees get the opportunity to look for employment that will fully meet their qualifications and wishes.
CEOs and entrepreneurs are no longer looking to make quick profits, but sustainable returns, which positively affects firms and businesses in an increasingly competitive environment.
Activation of processes for robotization and automation of production, companies, enterprises. At the same time, a large-scale introduction of digital technologies is taking place.
There is a merger of professions, the transition of one area of employment to another.
As before, there is an acute shortage of medical personnel: doctors, nurses, orderlies. This is especially felt in remote regions of the country, in countryside and megacities.

In 2019, employment processes covered most regions of the country. For example, in January of this year, the number of unemployed (officially registered) decreased in 37 administrative subjects of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the situation has not changed at all in the Chechen Republic, but the number of unemployed has increased in 47 subjects of the Federation. The main regions where there is an increase in the unemployed include:

The Republic of Tuva - by 9%.
- by 5.5%.
Omsk region - by 5%.
Ivanovo region - by 4.6%.
Tatarstan - by 4.2%.

So, at the beginning of 2019, the labor market in Russia continues to change. Positive trends are noted, which are characterized by structural changes. But the lack of balance between the required and existing specialists prevents the economy from completely escaping the state of stagnation.

This also reflects unemployment, which in some regions decreases, while in others it increases by several percent. This situation indicates that there is no mass unemployment in the Russian Federation, it is, as before, of a regional nature.

The following factors hinder the development of the labor market in 2019:

Age discrimination. Employers are cutting wages for people who have crossed the retirement threshold or are close to it.
Work experience discrimination. Young specialists cannot receive a decent salary, since managers are not ready to pay people without experience as much as specialists with experience.
People do not want to work in public organizations.
Reducing the number of employees through optimization while giving other employees more responsibilities.
Doctors, teachers, educators, lecturers, sellers, cashiers, accountants are constantly at risk.

Not so long ago, competent specialists predicted a list of professions that will be popular in the future, and also described the least popular ones. New Age development of various technologies, spawned a large number of new professions, which 10 years ago people did not even know about. So, after all, what professions will be in demand in the future? This is what we will try to tell you in our article.

Not so long ago, about 5 years ago, in great demand used by managers, salespeople, sales representatives and similar professions that require economic education. Among the 25 most popular professions, included 8 requiring knowledge in the IT field. But in the very near future, according to experts' predictions, employers will start looking for professionals who are more technical than economic.

What professions are most in demand

So, here's a list of ten of the most necessary professions in future.

Computer specialists - given the rapid development of IT technologies, this column does not surprise us at all, and does not make a stunning sensation.
Engineers - the need for these specialists is actually already increasing markedly. And the presence of additional legal or economic higher education from craftsmen or engineers will be especially appreciated.
Masters of biotechnology and electronics - in the very near future, circuits that will be based on living organisms will become objects of development. By the way, the science of Bionics has long existed, which is engaged in a detailed study of this area.
Service masters - the demand for such a profession is associated with an increase in the number of the middle class, and an increase in the income of the population.
Marketers - the coming problems associated with a glut of the market with services and goods will require filling the labor market with masters in the field of marketing who can successfully respond to certain situations.

What professions are more in demand than the top five? Let's continue the list right now the right professions future:

Specialists in the field of nanotechnology - indeed, very promising profession, in connection with the introduction of nanotechnologies in the fields of the food industry, medicine or mechanical engineering.
Ecologists - Problems of environmental pollution have always been relevant, and now no production can imagine its existence without ecologists. People in this profession will certainly be needed by the enterprises of the future.
Logisticians - even now, this profession is one of the most sought after. In the future, logistics professionals will be needed, even more pronounced, since in the global market, countries will take an active part.
Chemists - the greatest interest in representatives of this science will be shown by energy companies. Also food industry without the same chemists will not go anywhere.
Doctors - one of the reasons why this profession will clearly be in demand is the search for ways to extend human life.

Less demanded professions

The experts also named professions that will be less in demand - these are web designers, agents, florists, fashion designers, plastic surgeons, as well as representatives of professions that will no longer be needed, farmers, industrial workers. Already now, the demand in such professions as journalists, jewelers, architects, theater actors, political scientists and musicians is falling sharply.

What professions are in demand in Russia

If we look into the future, then again, environmentalists and nanotechnology professionals will be in demand in Russia. This is due to the constant growth of enterprises and the level of pollution. Well, nanotechnology is an industry that is already being used everywhere. This includes chemistry, space, mechanical engineering, and the food industry. And to the level of salaries of these specialists, the prefix "nano" will be inappropriate.

And finally, what profession is the most in demand, and will it be so in 5 years? Undoubtedly, this is a biomedical engineer. These specialists develop equipment for medicine, as well as medical devices - from drug delivery systems to artificial organs. Statistically, this will be the fastest growing profession, due to advances in technology and the study of an aging population.

In the next 10 years, the labor market will demand representatives of the following professions:

1. Engineers- this no longer sounds paradoxical: there is an acute shortage of qualified technical specialists now. Electrical engineers, process engineers will be required even more in 5-10 years - according to forecasts, in 7-8 years, about 70% of engineers will retire, and only 5-10% of the required number of specialists will be replaced.

In this context, the direction of working with energy-saving technologies is interesting - there are very few specialists in this niche, and the demand is growing at a high pace.

2. Medics– the demand for nurses and gerontologists is predicted, this is due to the increase in life expectancy and, consequently, the increase in the number of elderly people. Qualified narrow-profile specialists (ophthalmologists, dentists, allergists) will also be needed, and really valuable personnel from a professional point of view will get highly paid jobs in medical centers.

3. Specialist in the extraction of hard-to-reach oil reserves- there are a lot of explored deposits on the planet, but there is a problem with the extraction of "black gold". Oilers of the future will have to deal with offshore deposits, oil sands and other unusual situations.

4. IT specialists- In the next decade, the Internet and everything connected with it will actively develop. Without problems, not only programmers-coders will find a job for themselves, but also representatives of a narrow field of activity, for example, SMM specialists (people involved in the promotion of goods on social networks).

Jobs that will be in demand in the next 10 years

5. Risk manager- The economic crisis has demonstrated that significant losses were incurred by companies that did not spend money on full-time experts in assessing problem assets. In other words, people will be required who can analyze the activities of the enterprise and organization and indicate to management the high risk of certain transactions and operations.

6. Breeders, specialists in genetic engineering. The world's population is growing steadily, more and more food is required. The price will be professionals who will be able to breed fundamentally new varieties of plants that can quickly solve the food problem in developing countries.

7. Urbanists, specialists in the development of new territories - an increase in the number of inhabitants of the world will require the development of new lands, the construction of infrastructure, transport interchanges, etc.

8. Alternative energy development experts- declining proven reserves of oil and gas will push humanity to search for and actively use non-traditional energy. Many developments already exist, the problem is how to achieve a high level of efficiency in their use.

Interesting: - about technologies in 10, 100 years.

9. Ecologists- along with the growing population, the number of industrial enterprises also increases, and most of them significantly harm environment. This means that a good environmentalist will not be left without work in the coming decades, as environmental care will become a priority for many states.

10. Experts on national and religious conflicts- this exotic profession may gain popularity and public funding due to the increase in the number of confrontations due to religious, national and political views. It is quite possible that entire corporations will be created with public funding who will study the causes of strife, prepare delegates to constructively resolve disputes between people.

Continuing the theme: - a survey, real data from readers.

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Young graduates of educational institutions, as well as adults who have not yet decided on their future, have always been interested in the question of what profession is most in demand. In Russia, there are ample opportunities both for obtaining a profession in demand, and for retraining, if the first profession did not work out. Perhaps, for those people who still cannot make a choice of specialty for themselves, the rating of the best specialties will help.

The most demanded professions in 2017 in Russia

Economists, banking specialists. Russian market economy creates favorable conditions for economists and bankers; in recent years, these specialists have been among the leaders in terms of the number of vacancies open to them. This list includes accountants, sales representatives, marketing specialists.
IT specialists. Global computerization also affects Russia, and the demand for specialists continues to expand.
Builders. The construction industry includes a group of related professions - these are engineers, architects, machinists and skilled workers. The profession will be in demand as long as new buildings are being designed and erected on the planet and in Russia in particular.
Working specialties. Physical labor in Russia is traditionally in demand on a par with intellectual labor. Often, they do not require a prestigious diploma, you need to work with your hands at specialized enterprises. Many blue-collar workers can expect competitive salaries.

The most in-demand professions in the world

The growth trend in the popularity of certain professions in Europe and the world is associated with the same laws of social development as in Russia. With rare exceptions, the need for personnel abroad is identical to the Russian one.

The most demanded professions in the coming years in the world:

Engineering specialist. The progressive development of technologies in construction, the desire to automate many processes creates a need for progressive technical knowledge.
IT specialists. More and more organizations around the world consider it their duty to create mobile app, try to serve their customers remotely, quickly and efficiently respond to requests. All this requires the improvement of computer technology, which is what hundreds of thousands of programmers around the world are doing. The current situation will keep programmers in the top of the most demanded professions for a long time to come.
Doctors. Medical professionals have been and will be relevant until the human body adapts to all the factors that cause disease. Today, the opposite picture is observed - the number of diseases is not decreasing and is growing rapidly, and the age of many pathologies is rapidly declining. The demand for medical knowledge is growing every year in the world and doctors are still included in the ranking of the most sought-after professions. But today, new requirements apply to professional doctors - you need to understand biotechnology and electronics.

The most demanded professions 2020 for girls

Modern women attach less and less importance to creating a family and want to build a career at the same pace as men. The number of women with prestigious, quality education, willingness to work and earn, is steadily growing. The question of what are the most popular professions for women now is especially relevant.

Of course, global computerization will also affect girls. In the coming years, competent IT specialists will not be left without employment and will be able to work in any corner of the planet where there are high tech and minimal communication with the outside world.

Relations between countries and cultures are developing no less rapidly; there are practically no closed spaces left in the world. The girl-translator, in addition to effectively performing direct duties, may well decorate the meeting with her presence and arrange partners. According to experts, the most demanded professions for girls in the future are the specialties of translators.

Traditionally, women love to communicate, easily come into contact, strive to show care and attention to people in need. Doctors, social workers, teachers, psychologists are the most demanded professions for girls in Russia in the field of humanitarian knowledge.

Caring for animals, emotional attachment to nature - distinguishing feature women. long overdue environmental problems will soon provoke the creation of new jobs and the growth of the popularity of the ecologist profession.

The most demanded professions 2017-2020 for men

For complex, physically difficult and dangerous work still willingly invite men. The trend is easily explained - men are more resistant to stress, show determination more often than women and adapt more easily in emergency situations. Therefore, the vacancies of firefighters, rescuers, pilots, miners and the military are more than 90 percent occupied by men. This list of the most sought-after professions for men will remain relevant for many years to come, because people will always need protection and emergency assistance.

Among the quieter ones, the most in-demand professions of the year for men are engineers in various fields. Qualified male engineers predominate in the field of aircraft construction, nuclear energy, and mining.