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Electric power stations and networks of the Russian Federation, PTE requirements. PTE of power plants and networks Requirements for personnel and their training

The detailed overview presented here covers the rules technical operation power plants and networks operating on traditional energy sources. The main provisions of these requirements apply both to the equipment included in electrical networks and to representatives of departments and organizations responsible for their maintenance and service.

PTE of electrical supply stations and networks operate on the basis of the provisions of SO 153-34.20.501-2003 and contain basic requirements for the procedure for servicing energy facilities, including preventive measures and repairs. Thus, these rules should be followed by all third-party organizations and intermediaries performing one-time or scheduled work on substations and electrical networks.

Organizational issues

When operating and maintaining electrical installations, great importance is attached to the following: organizational issues included in the PTE requirements:

The procedure for dividing the so-called “borders of responsibility” between this object and neighboring territories in which the orders of its head are no longer in effect;

Pay attention! This division concerns not only the linear routes being laid; it also extends its effect to individual economic and territorial units (entire energy systems, sections, workshops and buildings).

Preparation of the list job descriptions, which should guide the personnel serving each facility of a particular unit.

The part of the document devoted to organizational measures necessarily stipulates the issues of ensuring safety when working with special equipment of substations and relay circuits. To meet these requirements, workers and maintenance personnel of substations and linear facilities must be guided by the basic provisions of the current regulations (including PUE). In this regard, he is obliged:

Monitor the current state of substations with stationary and linear equipment located on them;
Maintain the quality of voltage supplied to objects (its shape, frequency and rating) at the required level;
Follow all instructions from operational and dispatch management;
Master modern methods of servicing electrical networks, allowing to increase the efficiency of their operation and achieve planned energy saving indicators;
Comply with fire safety regulations and occupational safety requirements in force in this industry.

In addition, the operating personnel of substations are obliged to constantly improve the quality of service for this facility and at the same time reduce its impact on the environmental situation in the area of location.

The Rules also note that representatives of third-party organizations performing design, installation, adjustment and commissioning of electrical equipment must have a license to carry out all of the above work. At the same time, departmental supervisory authorities are required to conduct periodic inspections of the condition of buildings and structures located on site, as well as the performance of the equipment installed on them.

In addition, the rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks separately stipulate the procedure for carrying out system measures organized to assess the technical safety of energy facilities and the efficiency of use of production capacities.

Issues of advanced training

According to the requirements of SO 153-34.20.501, in order to improve methods of working with power equipment, regular theoretical classes should be conducted with substation personnel.

Upon completion of training, specialists must be certified on all previously studied material, followed by assigning each of them the appropriate category and obtaining permission to work on electrical installations.

This approach to the training process allows service personnel to be prepared for the future technical re-equipment energy production, carried out with the simultaneous renewal of the entire fleet of electrical equipment involved in the operation.

Commissioning of energy facilities

Commissioning work

Upon completion installation work carried out under the program for updating the equipment operated at this facility, its acceptance must be organized. The procedure for carrying out these activities is also stipulated by separate paragraphs of current regulations relating to specific objects of the energy system (transformer substations, boiler houses, thermal power plants, capacitive compensating units, as well as the linear equipment itself).

Additional information. According to the same rules and methods, the acceptance of an energy facility is carried out upon completion of its major repairs or modernization.

In accordance with the PUE, during startup work, the technical condition of the working units of the equipment being put into operation is necessarily assessed, and the compliance of the operating modes with the requirements established by the standards is also checked.

The Rules for the Technical Operation of Electrical Stations and Networks (PTESS) also determine the categories of premises used for carrying out the work itself. various directions. In particular, they divide buildings according to their functional purpose into two main classes.

Firstly, these are parts of the building or the entire building, on the territory of which the main power equipment is located.

Secondly, these are individual buildings or their elements, the areas of which are used as auxiliary premises. They, in turn, are divided into the following types:

Structures intended to accommodate vehicles serving the substation;
Areas used as auxiliary storage facilities;
Change rooms, locker rooms, showers and canteens necessary to create normal working conditions for personnel serving the facility;
Engineering systems, which include pipelines, wastewater treatment plants and local electrical networks.

Important! Commissioning work must be carried out in volumes sufficient to meet all requirements regulatory documentation related to the efficiency of the equipment in use.

Test procedure

The set of measures carried out immediately before putting the facility into operation should include the following procedures:

Checking the functioning of the tested systems and electrical equipment of the main power units (including auxiliary devices available on site);
Testing the performance of all equipment in terms of its readiness for commissioning;
Conducting intermediate tests, as well as checking individual components for the quality of hidden (earth) work.

It also states that representatives of the customer are usually involved in this work, and the inspection itself is carried out in accordance with design solutions for a given facility and is timed to coincide with the completion of the entire scope of installation work.

Additional information. A mandatory component of any acceptance tests is to check all equipment to ensure compliance with fire safety requirements.

If any malfunctions or shortcomings are detected in the systems being inspected, they must be eliminated before the equipment is put into permanent operation. All comments on the condition of the equipment being examined must be recorded in the acceptance certificate, signed by all interested parties.

Acceptance (final stage)

A necessary condition for the successful completion of commissioning work is the fulfillment of the following requirements:

Availability of certificates for checking the operability of alarm systems, emergency warning and fire extinguishing systems, as well as ventilation and other communications;
Obtaining official permission to put an energy facility into operation, formalized in local authorities supervision and control;
Checking, together with the customer, the functioning of individual units and mechanisms (including auxiliary equipment) under load.

Important note! The test will be considered successful if the tested equipment of electrical substations operates without interruption for at least 72 hours (with nominal load and maintaining the parameters specified by the standards).

It should be noted that special requirements are imposed on hydroelectric power plants and pumped storage power plants, consisting of the need for three consecutive successful starts of substation equipment in automatic mode. And for gas turbine power generation systems this figure increases up to ten times. Separately, we consider stations that use alternative sources as their own power plants.

Technical characteristics of existing stations

The PTEs operating in the Russian Federation distinguish types of energy facilities for which the dependence of the main indicators on the magnitude of thermal and electrical loads is introduced.

First of all, these include:

Electrical substations with a capacity starting from 10 MW;
Hydroelectric power plants with an operating capacity of 30 MW or more;
CHP plant with a productivity of about 50 Gcal/hour.

For all energy facilities with such indicators, the above-mentioned dependence is established, and at substations of lower power, the feasibility of its introduction depends on the characteristics of the specific system and the equipment installed in it.

The performance characteristics of these systems, according to the PTE, are indicators of the actual operating efficiency of equipment and relay lines (including their energy consumption). Moreover, energy indicators are assessed according to the following main criteria:

Energy transfer efficiency;
Heat and energy losses (on average for the facility);
Average annual cost of transporting media from station equipment to a specific consumer;
The procedure for accounting for thermal and electrical energy.

Pay attention! All current calculations of average consumption indicators for energy networks are carried out in accordance with the provisions of the PTE and current standards.

In electrical networks, only the so-called “technological” consumption of electricity, including its transportation to a specific consumer, is subject to rationing. This procedure is carried out in the presence of mandatory control of the accuracy of measurement of current energy consumption, as well as taking into account the state of operating station equipment.

Such control should be carried out at least once a month, and based on its results, the best work shifts and departments are determined, in which no serious violations were identified.

Departmental supervision

All energy facilities that generate and supply electricity to specific consumers, as well as distribute and convert it according to loads, must be under the departmental supervision of special bodies.

In addition, they are required to have regular technical inspections carried out in relation to electrical equipment and recorded with a mark in the relevant accounting document.

The procedure for conducting such an examination can be presented as follows:

Organization and conduct of acceptance tests carried out with the participation of members of a specially appointed commission;
Checking the condition of station equipment, consisting of its visual inspection, as well as studying all accompanying technical documentation;
Testing equipment for compliance with safety regulations, including assessing the condition of grounding systems and measuring the contact resistance of relevant circuits.

The results of the work carried out by the commission are necessarily recorded in the technical passport of a separate unit or unit.

Important! Operation of equipment with detected defects and technical malfunctions is strictly prohibited.

Modernization, repair and maintenance

According to the main provisions of the PTE, the owner of any energy facility is directly responsible for its current condition, as well as for the quality of its maintenance and timely repair of the equipment located on it.

In addition, he is obliged to carefully monitor the timing of planned activities related to the overhaul and modernization of this facility. The scope of these types of work is determined by the tasks facing the contractor, and in some cases it is specifically specified when drawing up annual schedules.

In accordance with the current regulatory provisions of the PTE, the following important issues and points are regulated:

Frequency of maintenance, as well as time costs that should be allocated for unforeseen repair work;
Possibility of extending temporary pauses between all types of repairs of main power units;
Preparing the appropriate tools, as well as all necessary documentation, without which it is simply not possible to take this facility out for repairs;
Drawing up a list of mandatory measures aimed at ensuring the smooth launch of the facility into operation (upon completion of the repair cycle).

After eliminating all the shortcomings and shortcomings discovered by the selection committee, an act of acceptance of the object is prepared, indicating completion full cycle repair work. Before signing the final document, the following necessary conditions for post-repair acceptance of equipment into operation must be met:

Substations with effective voltage values from 35 kV must undergo mandatory two-day tests with a fully connected load;
As it progresses, the performance of individual components and systems must be checked for compliance with all the requirements specified in the test program;
The quality of the repairs carried out in terms of compliance with safety requirements is also assessed.

Pay attention! Final acceptance of the entire set of equipment into operation is possible within 30 calendar days after its test run.

All this time, members of the commission constantly monitor the condition of all components of the restored or modernized equipment, and also check the reliability of the operation of its automatic systems.

Let’s add to this that the TE rules separately stipulate what repairs are considered medium or major, and also indicate the deadlines for each of them.

Technical documentation

The rules that apply to any energy facility also provide for the composition of a complete set of technical documentation regulating the main issues of its operation. These documents usually include:

An act according to which a plot of land under an existing facility is assigned with a general plan and communication diagrams attached to it;
Acceptance acts regarding the quality of foundation and hidden work;
Test results of special systems that provide explosion protection, corrosion protection, as well as fire safety of a given facility;
Certificates of acceptance for operation of sewer outlets, gas communications, as well as ventilation equipment;
Drawings indicating the location of all hidden communications;
Visual (basic) diagrams of electrical circuits operating at the facility;
Passports for all main and auxiliary equipment;
Layout of fire extinguishing equipment.

This list should be supplemented with a working set of design documentation, which includes all subsequent amendments and changes.

In the final part of the review, issues related to the labeling of individual components and mechanisms, as well as accounting for electricity distributed among objects of consumption, should be addressed.

PTE is installed a certain order designations of electrical components, busbars, laid cable routes and protective pipelines (see PUE).

In addition, these rules provide for accounting for electricity transferred to a specific consumer (with mandatory registration power consumption). Energy consumption data and meter readings are recorded in a form approved by the head of the department.

Video

Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on June 20, 2003.

Registration No. 4799

"On approval of the Rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks of the Russian Federation"

I order:

Approve the attached Rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks Russian Federation.

Minister I.Kh. Yusufov

RULES

TECHNICAL OPERATION OF POWER STATIONS AND NETWORKS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Mandatory for thermal power plants operating on fossil fuels, hydroelectric power plants, electrical and thermal networks of the Russian Federation

and for organizations performing work in relation to these objects

PREFACE

The rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks of the Russian Federation have been revised and supplemented on the basis of newly issued legislative acts and regulatory and technical documents, taking into account the experience of operating equipment, industrial buildings and communications. Changes in the structure of administrative and economic management, as well as forms of ownership in the energy sector, are taken into account.

The Rules set out the main organizational and technical requirements to the operation of energy facilities, the steady implementation of which will ensure economic, reliable and coordinated operation of all parts of energy systems.

The requirements for the design, construction, installation, repair and installation of power plants and their equipping with control, automation and protection means are set out briefly in these Rules, since they are discussed in other regulatory and technical documents.

All current regulatory and technical documents must be brought into compliance with this edition of the Rules.

Please send suggestions and comments on this edition of the Rules to the address: 103074, Moscow, Kitaygorodsky Ave., 7. State Energy Supervision Ministry of Energy of Russia.

1. Organization of operation

1.1. Basic provisions and tasks

1.1.1. These Rules apply to thermal power plants operating on fossil fuels, hydroelectric power plants, electrical and thermal networks of the Russian Federation, and to organizations performing work in relation to these facilities.

1.1.2. At each energy facility, the boundaries and functions for servicing equipment, buildings, structures and communications between production units (workshops, sections, laboratories, etc.) must be distributed, and also defined job functions personnel.

1.1.3. Safe operation of equipment, buildings and structures is ensured by the provisions of instructions and other regulatory and technical documents.

1.1.4. Each industry employee, within the limits of his functions, must ensure that the design and operation of equipment, buildings and structures of power plants and networks comply with safety and fire safety regulations.

1.1.5. The main task of power plants, boiler houses, electrical and heating networks is the production, transformation, distribution and supply of electrical energy and heat to consumers (hereinafter referred to as energy production).

1.1.6. Main technological link energy production is an energy system, which is a set of power plants, boiler houses, electrical and thermal networks (hereinafter referred to as energy facilities), connected by a common operating mode and having centralized operational dispatch control.

1.1.7. Employees of energy facilities are obliged to:

maintain the quality of supplied energy - standardized frequency and voltage of electric current, pressure and temperature of the coolant;

observe operational dispatch discipline;

ensure maximum efficiency and reliability of energy production;

comply with industrial and fire safety rules during the operation of equipment and structures;

comply with labor protection rules;

reduce the harmful impact of production on people and the environment;

ensure uniformity of measurements in the production, transmission and distribution of energy;

use achievements scientific and technological progress in order to increase efficiency, reliability and safety, improve the ecology of the power facility and the environment.

1.1.8. At each energy facility, functions and boundaries for servicing equipment, buildings, structures and communications must be distributed between structural units.

1.1.9. Energy systems must:

development of production to meet the needs for electrical energy and heat;

efficient operation of power plants and networks by reducing production costs, increasing the efficiency of using the power of installed equipment, implementing energy saving measures and using secondary energy resources;

increasing the reliability and safety of equipment, buildings, structures, devices, control systems, communications;

updating the main production assets through technical re-equipment and reconstruction of power plants and networks, modernization of equipment;

implementation and development new technology, technology of operation and repair, effective and safe methods of organizing production and labor;

advanced training of personnel, dissemination of advanced production methods.

Organizations carrying out the design, commissioning, and operation of energy facilities associated with increased industrial hazards must have permits (licenses) issued in the prescribed manner.

1.1.10. Supervision of the technical condition and implementation of measures to ensure safe maintenance of equipment and structures, rational and effective use fuel and energy resources are carried out by state control and supervision bodies.

1.2. Acceptance of equipment and structures into operation

1.2.1. Completely completed power plants, boiler houses (steam and hot water), electrical and heating network facilities, as well as, depending on the complexity of the power facility, their queues and start-up complexes must be put into operation in the manner established by the current rules. This requirement also applies to the acceptance into operation of energy facilities after expansion and reconstruction.

1.2.2. The start-up complex must include, ensuring normal operation under given parameters, part of the total design volume of the power facility, consisting of a set of structures and objects assigned to specific power plants or to the power facility as a whole (without reference to specific power plants). It should include: equipment, structures, buildings (or parts thereof) of the main production, auxiliary production, auxiliary, household, transport, repair and warehouse purposes, landscaped territory, points catering, health centers, dispatch facilities and technological management(SDTU), communications, engineering communications, treatment facilities that ensure the production, transmission and supply of electrical energy and heat to consumers, the passage of ships or fish through shipping or fish passage devices. To the extent provided for by the project for this launch complex, standard sanitary and living conditions and safety for workers, environmental protection, and fire safety must be ensured.

1.2.3. Before accepting the power facility (start-up complex) into operation, the following must be carried out:

individual tests of equipment and functional tests of individual systems, ending for power units with a trial run of main and auxiliary equipment;

comprehensive testing of equipment.

During the construction and installation of buildings and structures, intermediate acceptance of equipment units and structures, as well as hidden work, must be carried out.

1.2.4. Individual and functional tests of equipment and individual systems are carried out with the involvement of the customer’s personnel according to design schemes after completion of all construction and installation work on this unit. Before individual and functional tests, compliance with: these Rules, building codes and regulations, standards, including labor safety standards, technological design standards, rules of state control and supervision bodies, norms and requirements of environmental legislation and other state supervision bodies, rules for the construction of electrical installations must be checked. , labor protection rules, explosion and fire safety rules.

1.2.5. Defects and deficiencies made during construction and installation, as well as equipment defects identified during individual and functional tests, must be eliminated by construction, installation organizations and manufacturing plants before the start of comprehensive testing.

1.2.6. Trial runs are carried out before comprehensive testing of power facilities. During a trial run, the operability of equipment and technological schemes and the safety of their operation must be checked; all monitoring and control systems were checked and configured, including automatic regulators, protection and interlock devices, alarm devices and instrumentation.

Before the test run, the conditions for reliable and safe operation of the power facility must be met:

operating and maintenance personnel are staffed, trained (with knowledge testing), operational instructions, labor protection instructions and operational schemes, technical documentation for accounting and reporting are developed and approved;

reserves of fuel, materials, tools and spare parts have been prepared;

SDTU with communication lines, fire alarm and fire extinguishing systems, emergency lighting, ventilation were put into operation;

monitoring and control systems were installed and adjusted;

permits for the operation of the power facility were obtained from state control and supervision authorities.

1.2.7. Comprehensive testing must be carried out by the customer. During comprehensive testing, the joint operation of the main units and all auxiliary equipment under load should be checked.

The beginning of a comprehensive testing of a power plant is considered to be the moment it is connected to the network or under load.

Comprehensive testing of equipment according to schemes not provided for in the project is not permitted.

Comprehensive testing of equipment of power plants and boiler houses is considered to be carried out under the condition of normal and continuous operation of the main equipment for 72 hours on the main fuel with a rated load and design parameters of steam [for gas turbine units (GTU) - gas] for a thermal power plant, pressure and water flow for a hydroelectric power station provided in the launch complex, and with constant or alternate operation of all auxiliary equipment included in the launch complex.

In electrical networks, comprehensive testing is considered to be carried out under the condition of normal and continuous operation under load of substation equipment for 72 hours, and power lines for 24 hours.

In heating networks, comprehensive testing is considered to be carried out under the condition of normal and continuous operation of the equipment under load for 24 hours at the nominal pressure provided in the start-up complex.

For gas turbine plants, a mandatory condition for comprehensive testing is, in addition, successful implementation 10, and for hydraulic units of hydroelectric power stations and pumped storage power plants - 3 automatic starts.

During comprehensive testing, the instrumentation, interlocks, alarm devices and remote control, protection and automatic control that do not require operational adjustment.

If comprehensive testing cannot be carried out on the main fuel or the rated load and design parameters of steam (for a gas turbine unit - gas) for a thermal power plant, pressure and water flow for a hydroelectric power plant or load for a substation, power lines during joint or separate testing and coolant parameters for thermal networks cannot be reached for any reason not related to the failure to complete the work provided for by the launch complex, the decision to conduct a comprehensive test on reserve fuel, as well as limiting parameters and loads are accepted and established by the acceptance committee and are specified in the act of acceptance for operation of the launch complex.

1.2.8. To prepare the power facility (start-up complex) for presentation to the acceptance committee, a working commission must be appointed, which accepts the equipment according to the act after carrying out its individual tests for comprehensive testing. From the moment this act is signed, the organization is responsible for the safety of the equipment.

1.2.9. Acceptance into operation of equipment, buildings and structures with defects and deficiencies is not permitted.

After comprehensive testing and elimination of identified defects and deficiencies, an act of acceptance for operation of the equipment with related buildings and structures is drawn up. The duration of the period for mastering serial equipment is established, during which the necessary tests, adjustment and development work must be completed and the operation of the equipment with design indicators must be ensured.

1.2.10. The organization must provide the acceptance committee with documentation prepared working commission to the extent provided for by current regulatory documents.

1.2.11. Completed construction of free-standing buildings, structures and electrical devices, built-in or attached premises for production, ancillary production and auxiliary purposes with equipment installed in them, controls and communications are accepted for operation by working commissions.

1.2.12. Experimental (experimental), pilot-industrial energy technology installations are subject to acceptance into operation by the acceptance committee if they are prepared to conduct experiments or produce products envisaged by the project.

1.3. Staff

1.3.1. Persons with professional education are allowed to work at power facilities in the electric power industry, and in managing power plants also with relevant work experience.

1.3.2. Persons who do not have appropriate vocational education or work experience, both newly hired and transferred to new position must undergo training according to the current industry training form.

1.3.3. Employees of organizations engaged in work with harmful substances, hazardous and unfavorable production factors, in accordance with the established procedure, preliminary (upon entry to work) and periodic (during labor activity) medical examinations.

1.3.4. At energy facilities there should be permanent job with personnel aimed at ensuring their readiness to perform professional functions and maintaining their qualifications.

Facilities for personnel training must be equipped with training grounds, classrooms, workshops, laboratories, equipped with technical means of education and training, staffed and able to attract highly qualified specialists to teach.

1.3.5. A technical library must be created at each power facility, and personnel must be provided with the opportunity to use textbooks, teaching aids and other technical literature related to the organization’s activity profile, as well as regulatory and technical documents.

Each power facility must be created in accordance with model provisions safety room and technical room.

1.3.6. In small energy facilities, where the creation of a material and technical training and production base is difficult, it is allowed to carry out work to improve the professional educational level of personnel under an agreement with another energy organization that has such a base.

The head of the energy facility or an official from among the staff is responsible for working with personnel. executives organizations.

1.3.7. Admission to independent work: newly hired employees or those who have a break in work for more than 6 months, depending on the category of personnel, receive the right to independent work after undergoing the necessary instructions on labor safety, training (internship) and testing of knowledge, duplicating the requirements of the rules for working with personnel.

1.3.8. During a break in work from 30 days to 6 months, the form of personnel training for admission to independent work is determined by the head of the organization or structural unit, taking into account the level of professional training of the employee, his work experience, job functions, etc. In this case, in any case, unscheduled briefing must be carried out on occupational safety.

1.4. Monitoring the efficiency of power plants, boiler houses and networks

1.4.1. At each thermal power plant with a capacity of 10 MW or more, hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 30 MW or more, in each boiler house with a heating capacity of 50 Gcal/h (209.5 GJ/h) or more, energy characteristics of equipment must be developed that establish the dependence of the technical and economic indicators of its operation in absolute or relative terms from electrical and thermal loads. In addition, at the thermal power plant and in the district boiler house, graphs of the initial nominal specific fuel consumption for the supplied electrical and thermal energy, and at a hydroelectric power station - standard specific water consumption for supplied electrical energy.

The feasibility of developing characteristics for power plants and district boiler houses of lower power and heating capacity should be established by the energy system.

The development, revision, coordination and approval of energy characteristics of equipment and schedules of specific fuel or water consumption must be carried out in accordance with current regulations and guidelines.

1.4.2. Energy characteristics must reflect the realistically achievable operating efficiency of the developed equipment when complying with the provisions of these Rules.

1.4.3. The energy characteristics of heating networks should be compiled according to the following indicators: losses of network water, heat losses, specific average hourly consumption of network water per unit of estimated connected heat load of consumers, temperature difference between network water in supply and return pipelines (or temperature of network water in return pipelines), specific consumption electricity for transport and distribution of thermal energy.

The development, revision, coordination and approval of energy characteristics of heating networks must be carried out in accordance with current regulations and guidelines.

1.4.4. For an electrical network, the standardized indicator is the technological consumption of electricity for its transport.

1.4.5. In terms of volume, form and content, energy characteristics must comply with the requirements of current regulatory and methodological documents.

1.4.6. In energy systems, power plants, boiler houses, electrical and heating networks in order to improve final result work must be carried out:

compliance with the required accuracy of measurements of energy consumption and technological parameters;

accounting (shift, daily, monthly, annual) according to established forms of equipment performance indicators, based on the readings of instrumentation and information-measuring systems;

analysis of technical and economic indicators to assess the condition of equipment, its operating modes, fuel economy reserves, and the effectiveness of organizational and technical measures;

review (at least once a month) with the personnel of the results of the work of a shift, workshop, structural unit of the energy system in order to determine the reasons for the deviation of the actual values of parameters and indicators from those determined by energy characteristics, identify shortcomings in work and eliminate them, familiarize with the experience of the best shifts and individual employees;

development and implementation of measures to improve the reliability and efficiency of equipment operation, reduce irrational costs and losses of fuel and energy resources.

1.4.7. All power stations, boiler houses, electrical and heating networks are subject to energy supervision by specially authorized bodies that monitor the efficiency of use of fuel and energy resources.

1.4.8. Organizations operating power plants, boiler houses, electrical and heating networks must undergo energy inspections in accordance with current legislation about energy saving. Energy inspections of organizations operating energy facilities producing, transforming, transmitting and distributing electrical and thermal energy must be carried out by authorized bodies of state control and supervision, as well as organizations accredited in the prescribed manner.

1.5. Technical control. Technical and technological supervision

for organizing the operation of energy facilities

1.5.1. At each energy facility, constant and periodic monitoring (inspections, technical examinations, surveys) of the technical condition of power installations (equipment, buildings and structures) must be organized, persons authorized for their condition and safe operation must be identified, and personnel for technical and technological supervision must be appointed and approved his official functions.

All energy facilities producing, transforming, transmitting and distributing electrical and thermal energy are subject to departmental technical and technological supervision by specially authorized bodies.

1.5.2. All technological systems, equipment, buildings and structures, including hydraulic structures, included in the power facility, must be subject to periodic technical inspection.

Technical inspection of technological circuits and electrical equipment is carried out after the service life established by the regulatory and technical documentation, and during each inspection, depending on the condition of the equipment, a period for subsequent inspection is scheduled. Thermal engineering - on time in accordance with current regulatory and technical documents. Buildings and structures - on time in accordance with current regulatory and technical documents, but at least once every 5 years.

Technical examination is carried out by a commission of the power facility, headed by the technical manager of the power facility or his deputy. The commission includes managers and specialists structural divisions energy facility, representatives of energy system services, specialists from specialized organizations and state control and supervision bodies.

The objectives of the technical examination are to assess the condition, as well as determine the measures necessary to ensure the established resource of the power plant.

The scope of periodic technical inspection on the basis of current regulatory and technical documents should include: external and internal inspection, verification of technical documentation, testing for compliance with safety conditions of equipment, buildings and structures ( hydraulic tests, setting up safety valves, testing safety circuit breakers, lifting mechanisms, grounding loops, etc.).

Simultaneously with the technical examination, a check must be carried out to verify the fulfillment of the instructions of the state control and supervision bodies and the measures planned based on the results of the investigation of disruptions in the operation of the power facility and accidents during its maintenance, as well as measures developed during the previous technical examination.

The results of the technical examination must be entered into the technical passport of the power facility.

Operation of power plants with hazardous defects identified during the process, as well as violations of technical inspection deadlines, is not permitted.

Based on the results of the technical inspection of buildings and structures, the need for a technical inspection is established. The main task of the technical inspection of buildings and structures is the timely identification of hazardous defects and damage and the adoption of technical solutions to restore reliable and safe operation.

1.5.3. Constant monitoring of the technical condition of the equipment is carried out by the operational and maintenance personnel of the power facility.

The scope of control is established in accordance with the provisions of regulatory documents.

The control procedure is established by local production and job descriptions.

1.5.4. Periodic inspections of equipment, buildings and structures are carried out by persons monitoring their safe operation.

The frequency of inspections is established by the technical manager of the power facility. The results of inspections must be recorded in a special journal.

1.5.5. Persons monitoring the condition and safe operation of equipment, buildings and structures ensure compliance with technical conditions during the operation of power facilities, recording their condition, investigating and recording failures in the operation of power plants and their elements, maintaining operational and repair documentation.

1.5.6. Employees of energy facilities who carry out technical and technological supervision over the operation of equipment, buildings and structures of an energy facility must:

organize an investigation into violations in the operation of equipment and structures;

keep records of technological violations in the operation of equipment;

control the condition and maintenance of technical documentation;

keep records of the implementation of preventive emergency and fire prevention measures;

take part in organizing work with personnel.

1.5.7. Power systems and other power industry organizations must carry out:

systematic control over the organization of operation of energy facilities;

periodic monitoring of the condition of equipment, buildings and structures of power facilities;

periodic technical inspections;

control over compliance with the deadlines for medium and major repairs established by technical standards;

control over the implementation of measures and provisions of regulatory administrative documents;

control and organization of investigations into the causes of fires and technological violations at energy facilities;

assessment of the sufficiency of preventive and preventive measures applied at the facility regarding production safety issues;

control over the development and implementation of measures to prevent fires and accidents at energy facilities and ensure the readiness of energy facilities for their liquidation;

control over the implementation of instructions from authorized bodies of departmental technical and technological supervision;

recording violations, including at facilities controlled by state control and supervision bodies;

accounting for the implementation of emergency and fire prevention measures at facilities controlled by state control and supervision bodies;

revision of technical conditions for the manufacture and supply of power plant equipment;

transfer of information about technological violations and incidents to state control and supervision authorities.

1.5.8. The main tasks of departmental technical and technological supervision bodies should be:

compliance monitoring established requirements for maintenance and repair;

monitoring the implementation of rules and instructions for safe and economical maintenance of the regime;

organization, control and operational analysis of the results of investigations into the causes of fires and technological violations in the operation of power plants, networks and energy systems;

control over the development and implementation of measures to prevent fires, accidents and other technological violations in the operation of power equipment and improve operation;

generalizing the practice of applying regulatory measures aimed at the safe conduct of work and reliable operation of equipment during the construction and use of power plants, and organizing the development of proposals for their improvement;

organization of development and support of regulatory and technical documents on industrial and fire safety and labor protection.

1.6. Maintenance, repair and modernization

1.6.1. Each power facility must have organized maintenance, planned repairs and modernization of equipment, buildings, structures and communications of power plants.

1.6.2. For the technical condition of equipment, buildings and structures, the implementation of volumes of repair work that ensure the stability of established operating indicators, the completeness of implementation preparatory work, timely provision of planned volumes of repair work with spare parts and materials, as well as the timing and quality of repair work performed, is the responsibility of the owner.

1.6.3. The scope of maintenance and scheduled repairs should be determined by the need to maintain the serviceable and operational condition of equipment, buildings and structures, taking into account their actual technical condition. The recommended list and scope of work for maintenance and overhaul of equipment are given in the rules for organizing maintenance and repair of equipment, buildings and structures of power plants and networks and in the technical and economic standards for scheduled preventive maintenance of power units.

1.6.4. The frequency and duration of all types of repairs are established by the rules for organizing maintenance and repair of equipment, buildings and structures of power plants and networks and regulatory and technical documents for the repair of this type of equipment.

1.6.5. Increasing the period of operation of power units between major repairs and increasing the duration of major (medium) repairs of power units with a capacity of 160 MW and higher compared to the standard ones must be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the rules for organizing the maintenance and repair of equipment, buildings and structures of power plants and networks.

1.6.6. Organization of repair production, development of repair documentation, planning and preparation for repairs, launching repairs and carrying out repairs, as well as acceptance and assessment of the quality of equipment repairs must be carried out in accordance with the rules for organizing maintenance and repair of equipment, buildings and structures of power plants and networks.

1.6.7. The scope of repair work must be previously agreed with the performing organizations (contractors).

1.6.8. Before the start of the repair and during its implementation, a commission, the composition of which is approved by the technical manager, must identify all defects. The criteria that the repaired equipment, building or structure must meet are established in the regulatory and technical documentation.

1.6.9. The removal of equipment and structures for repairs and their commissioning must be carried out within the time limits specified in the annual repair schedules and agreed upon with the organization under whose operational control or operational authority they are located.

1.6.10. Acceptance of equipment, buildings and structures from major and medium repairs must be carried out by a commission according to a program agreed upon with the performers and approved by the technical manager of the power facility. The composition of the acceptance committee must be established by order for the power facility.

1.6.11. Equipment of power plants, substations of 35 kV and above that has undergone major and medium repairs is subject to acceptance testing under load within 48 hours, equipment of heating networks - within 24 hours.

1.6.12. When accepting equipment from repair, an assessment of the quality of repair must be carried out, which includes an assessment of:

quality of repaired equipment;

quality of repair work performed;

fire safety level.

Quality ratings are established:

preliminary - upon completion of acceptance tests;

finally - based on the results of a month-long controlled operation, during which the operation of the equipment in all modes must be checked, tests and adjustments of all systems must be carried out.

1.6.13. The time of completion of major (medium) repairs is:

for power units, steam turbines thermal power plants (TPPs) with cross connections, hydraulic units and transformers - the time of switching on the generator (transformer) to the network;

for steam boilers of thermal power plants with cross connections - the time of connecting the boiler to the station fresh steam pipeline;

for power units with double-case boilers (double units) - the time when the power unit is switched on under load with one of the boiler bodies; in this case, the lighting and switching on of the second boiler body must be carried out in accordance with the power unit load schedule, if the delay in repairs is not provided for by the repair schedule;

for heating networks - the time when the network is turned on and the circulation of network water is established in it;

for electrical networks - the moment of connection to the network, if no failure occurred during connection to the voltage; during repairs without stress relief - the moment of notification to the duty dispatcher by the manager (manufacturer) of the work about its completion.

If during acceptance tests defects were discovered that prevented the equipment from operating with the rated load, or defects requiring immediate shutdown, then the repair is considered incomplete until these defects are eliminated and acceptance tests are repeated.

If during the acceptance tests any violations of the normal operation of individual components equipment that does not require immediate shutdown, the issue of continuing acceptance tests is decided depending on the nature of the violations by the technical manager of the power facility in agreement with the repair contractor. In this case, the detected defects are eliminated by the repair contractor within the time period agreed with the power facility.

If acceptance tests of equipment under load were interrupted to eliminate defects, then the time of completion of repairs is considered to be the time of the last time the equipment was placed under load during the testing process.

1.6.14. Repairs of all major equipment included in the power unit must be carried out simultaneously.

1.6.15. Energy facilities must keep systematic records of technical and economic indicators of repair and maintenance of equipment, buildings and structures.

1.6.16. Energy facilities must be equipped with:

at power plants - central repair shops, repair sites and production premises maintenance personnel in the main building, auxiliary buildings and structures;

in heating networks - repair and maintenance bases;

in electrical networks - repair and production bases.

1.6.17. The equipment of power facilities must be maintained by stationary and inventory lifting machines and means of mechanization of repairs in the main building, auxiliary buildings and structures.

1.6.18. For timely and high-quality repairs, power facilities must be equipped with repair documentation, tools and means for carrying out repair work.

1.6.19. Energy facilities and repair organizations carrying out repairs of facilities subordinate to state control and supervision bodies must have a permit (license) to carry out repair work.

1.6.20. Energy facilities must have spare parts, materials and an exchange stock of components and equipment to ensure timely provision of the planned volumes of repairs.

1.7. Technical documentation

1.7.1. Each energy facility must have the following documents:

acts of land allocation;

master plan of the site with buildings and structures, including underground facilities;

geological, hydrogeological and other data on the territory with the results of soil testing and groundwater analysis;

acts of laying foundations with pit sections;

acts of acceptance of hidden work;

primary reports on settlements of buildings, structures and foundations for equipment;

primary test reports for devices providing explosion safety, fire safety, lightning protection and anti-corrosion protection of structures;

primary test reports of internal and external water supply systems, fire water supply, sewerage, gas supply, heat supply, heating and ventilation;

primary acts of individual sampling and testing of equipment and process pipelines;

acts of state and working acceptance commissions;

approved design documentation with all subsequent changes;

technical passports of buildings, structures, technological units and equipment;

executive working drawings of equipment and structures, drawings of the entire underground facilities;

executive working diagrams of primary and secondary electrical connections;

executive workers technological schemes;

drawings of spare parts for equipment;

firefighting operational plan;

documentation in accordance with the requirements of state control and supervision authorities;

a set of current and canceled instructions for the operation of equipment, buildings and structures, job descriptions for all categories of specialists and for workers belonging to duty personnel, and labor protection instructions.

The set of the above documentation must be stored in the technical archive of the power facility.

1.7.2. At each energy facility, in the production services of energy systems, a list of necessary instructions, regulations, technological and operational schemes must be established for each workshop, substation, district, site, laboratory and service. The list is approved by the technical manager of the energy facility (energy system).

1.7.3. On the main and auxiliary equipment of power plants, boiler houses and substations, plates with nominal data must be installed in accordance with state standard for this equipment.

1.7.4. All main and auxiliary equipment, including pipelines, systems and bus sections, as well as fittings, valves of gas and air pipelines, must be numbered. If there is a selective control system (MSS), the numbering of the fittings in place and on the executive diagrams must be done double, indicating the number corresponding to the operational scheme and the number according to the MCS. The main equipment must have serial numbers, and the auxiliary equipment must have the same number as the main equipment, with the addition of the letters A, B, C, etc. Equipment numbering should be done from the permanent end of the building and from row A. On double blocks, each boiler should be assigned a block number with the addition of the letters A and B. Individual links of the fuel supply system should be numbered sequentially and in the direction of fuel movement, and parallel links - with the addition to these numbers the letters A and B in the direction of fuel from left to right.

1.7.5. All changes in power installations made during operation must be included in the instructions, diagrams and drawings before commissioning, signed by an authorized person indicating his position and the date of the change.

Information about changes in instructions, diagrams and drawings must be brought to the attention of all employees (with an entry in the order log), for whom knowledge of these instructions, diagrams and drawings is required.

1.7.6. Executive technological diagrams (drawings) and executive diagrams of primary electrical connections must be checked for their compliance with actual operational ones at least once every 3 years with a check mark on them.

At the same time, instructions and lists of necessary instructions and executive working diagrams (drawings) are revised.

1.7.7. Sets of the necessary diagrams should be in the authorities dispatch control at the appropriate level, from the dispatcher of the power system, heat and electrical network, from the shift supervisors of the power plant, the shift supervisor of each workshop and power unit, the substation duty officer, the district heating and electrical network and the foreman of the operational field team.

The form of storage of circuits should be determined by local conditions.

1.7.8. All workplaces must be provided with the necessary instructions.

1.7.9. The duty personnel must have operational documentation, the volume of which is presented in table. 1.1.

Depending on local conditions, the scope of operational documentation may be changed by decision technical manager power facility or energy system.

1.7.10. At the workplaces of operational dispatch personnel in power plant workshops, at control panels with permanent personnel on duty, and at control centers, daily records must be maintained.

1.7.11. Administrative and technical personnel, in accordance with established schedules for inspections and walk-throughs of equipment, must check operational documentation and take the necessary measures to eliminate defects and irregularities in the operation of equipment and personnel.

Main normative document regulating the reliable, coordinated and giving the highest economic effect of the operation of energy facilities are the PTEs of power plants and networks. They spell out all the nuances that apply to organizational and technical tasks that arise during the construction, launch and operation of energy structures.

Operation of power plants and networks

In the rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks (PTEESS), one of the provisions addresses issues such as:

launch and acceptance of newly built installations and structures;
basic requests for service personnel;
creating control over the efficiency of processes;
technical control over the operation of electrical installations and power plants;
repair, maintenance work and equipment modernization;
maintaining technical documentation;
ACS devices (automatic control systems).

The set of rules also includes a unified regulation for making measurements throughout the Russian energy system.

Rules for acceptance of structures and equipment into operation

Attention! The rules of this section considered in the Ptess include tasks imposed on newly built or technically refurbished structures and equipment.

Before talking about acceptance, you need to know what the start-up complex (power facility) is.

Important! During the process of construction or re-equipment, intermediate tests of both components and hidden work must be carried out.

Verification of compliance with the 2003 PTE before operational tests is mandatory.

All detected deficiencies, installation or construction defects identified during the inspection must be eliminated before the start of comprehensive testing.

FYI. Normal uninterrupted operation of the main equipment for 72 hours with a load equal to the rated load is considered a comprehensive test. For power lines (PTL), the time interval is 24 hours.

Rules requirements for personnel

When staffing teams of repair, maintenance and operational dispatch personnel, a number of requirements are met.

Necessarily. In case of violations of these Rules, each employee is obliged to inform his immediate supervisor and try to eliminate the violations independently. Studying and following safety rules is the responsibility of the employee.

Ways to control the efficiency of energy facilities

In order to control the productivity of power plants (thermal or hydropower plants), developed energy parameters are used. The graphs, tables and annexes show the dependence of thermal and electrical loads on the economic and technical indicators of equipment operation. To these can be added graphs of the consumption rates of raw materials (water or fuel) required to generate the supplied energy.

Information. The need to develop such characteristics for zoned boiler houses and low-power power plants is established by the regional JSC Energo.

Technical supervision of the operation of energy facilities

Technical supervision for inspections, technical examinations and surveys is fixed by the relevant orders for the enterprise.

Important! The commission must assess the condition and outline measures to maintain and ensure the approved resource of the installation.

Modernization, repair and maintenance (TO)

Due to the wear and tear of buildings, structures and electrical equipment during operation, the problem of repair and replacement of worn-out components arises. Due to the specific nature of energy production, unplanned or emergency downtime (with complete or partial loss of power) entails great damage to consumers.

Attention! Unexpected stoppage of failed equipment leads to its damage. In addition, an emergency situation can threaten the life and health of personnel servicing the system.

To prevent this from happening, the following must be planned:

modernization – replacement of obsolete equipment with new, more modern equipment;
scheduled repairs: major (has the goal of restoring the full working life of the installation with the replacement of basic components) and current (maintaining the operation of the installation within the specified parameters with the replacement of wearing parts);
maintenance – work not related to repairs (walk-throughs, inspections, lubrication, identification of deviations from the norm, replacement of consumables).

A separate section in the Rules deals with the reconstruction of facilities, which entails:

increase in power;
reduction of labor costs;
reduction in material consumption.

Reconstruction leads to improvement production indicators and reducing the cost of electricity.

Technical documentation of the power facility

Every enterprise in the energy industry must have a set of documentation.

In addition, there must be fire extinguishing and evacuation plans approved by fire authorities.

Automated control systems (ACS)

Allows you to control the operation of systems in automatic mode. A properly organized and implemented system makes it possible to optimize the number of staff and exercise control over the quality and operation of the facility.

Important! The implemented automated control system must be adaptively flexible to subsequent upgrades and various changes in application conditions.

Unity of measurements

All measurements carried out in the energy sector must comply with the accuracy indicators accepted in Russia and be expressed in units used in the Russian Federation. This is necessary to ensure that all obtained results are comparable, regardless of time, place and measurement methods used.

Territory of power plants, requirements

When arranging the territory, pay attention to the following points:

implementation of surface water drainage;
installation of noise-absorbing devices;
organization of engineering structures: gas pipelines, sewerage, heating mains, water pipelines, etc.;
execution of transport infrastructure: roads, approaches to fire reservoirs, pedestrian paths, bridges, etc.;
installation of wells to control groundwater levels;
security of the territory and arrangement of checkpoints (checkpoints).

Landscaping and landscaping are also included in a number of requirements.

Hydraulic structures of power plants

PTE RF sets requirements for the reliability and safe operation of hydraulic structures. This is facilitated by drainage and anti-filtration devices and mechanisms. The rules emphasize service:

dams and dams;
drainage systems;
berms and ditches.

Their long-term operation is ensured by the following conditions:

protection from external influences;
periodic condition monitoring.

All nuances related to the safe condition are transmitted in writing to supervisory structures.

Equipment of hydraulic structures

The valve equipment mechanisms are maintained in working order. During inspections (every 60 months), attention is paid to the following points:

presence of a maximum opening height marker;
absence of mechanical obstacles during operation;
absence of vibrations, mechanical deformations, precise shrinkage on the threshold.

Ropes, alarms, grounding and wires are checked once every 12 months.

Water regime for power plants

Once every 10 years, the rules for the water regime of hydroelectric power plants are reviewed. There are two types of modes: working and special. The operating mode allows the use of water resources to ensure optimal plant load.

A special regime - before the spring flood, it includes:

maximum (by level) filling;
dumping excess water volume, with the ability to let ice and sediment through;
ability to maintain normal functioning irrigation and shipping.

In a special mode, additional control of water discharge occurs in order to ensure the safe operation of hydraulic structures.

Hydraulic structures in winter

Before the winter cold, they check the operation of the slush collectors and clean the sedimentation tanks for it. If hydraulic structures are not designed for ice pressure, then a hole is created in front of them. All winter it is cleared of ice.

FYI. Winter measurements of water temperature are carried out daily to determine when to turn on the heating for the grates. When the ice has not yet frozen, the sludge can be passed through turbines or sludge dumps.

Power plant reservoir requirements

The rules describe in detail all the requirements for the location of water storage for hydroelectric power plants. The main activities include:

allocation of a protective zone in which water use is limited;
cleaning the reservoir from silt and thickets;
protection of the coastline and its constant monitoring;
laboratory sampling of water to analyze its quality;
control of water temperature and ice condition in winter.

The rules oblige the implementation of environmental protection measures within the boundaries of the protection zone.

Hydro turbine units

These Rules regulate the uninterrupted operation of hydraulic turbines at rated load. At the same time, the efficiency (efficiency factor) is above average. If necessary, the installation must immediately switch to maximum load mode. This is ensured by a number of conditions:

absolute automation of all hydroelectric power station units;
possibility of stable operation with 100% open shutters;
The synchronous compensatory mode of the hydraulic unit, if necessary, must immediately switch to the generator mode.

Attention! With three or more hydraulic units, GRAM (group active power control) is installed.

Technical water supply for power plants

Cooling towers are used to cool and distribute the water used. The walls of the devices have an anti-corrosion coating, which is cleaned once every two years from deposits. The waterproofing of the sheets is restored as necessary.

Fuel and transport facilities of power plants

Network railway transport supplying fuel across railway directly to the territory of the hydroelectric power station, must work without interruption. The unloading process is completely mechanized. Pteesis RF is prescribed:

control over the quality of raw materials;
timely delivery to the station;
keeping the areas adjacent to unloading clean.

Control equipment (scales, measuring instruments) must be calibrated and tested.

Fuel for power facility

Based on the type of fuel supplied to the power plant for operation, it is divided into the following types:

hard;
liquid;
gaseous.

During the cold period, solid fuel is defrosted and loosened at unloading sites. According to the rules, this is carried out according to the regime map. Periodic sampling and checking the serviceability of mechanisms are regulated.

Liquid fuel is drained through a closed fuel line, filtered and supplied continuously. It is recommended to pay attention to the following questions:

serviceability of devices;
permissible fuel temperature range;
viscosity;
pressure;
availability of a passport for the pipeline.

Fuel for storage must be taken from the upper layers of the tank contents. The frequency of monitoring the quality of stored stock can be developed locally.

Gaseous fuel is supplied to the burners of the units through a gas pipeline. All features of the organization and maintenance of the gas industry are regulated in detail in the Rules.

Power plants and networks, electrical equipment

Section PTE SO 153-34.20.501-2003 discusses:

generators and synchronous compensators;
electric motors;
power transformers;
reactors;
voltage distribution devices.

The requirements for the technical operation of each item are considered from the point of view of safe, reliable and long-term operation.

Requirements for power cable lines

Ptess, as a manual for maintenance and repair, provides the following requirements:

maintenance of power overhead and underground cable lines: power lines, subway and railway contact networks, etc.;
providing climate control in cable channels;
maintenance of cable routes;
control over current load and core heating temperature.

Carefully! For cables with a service life of more than 15 years, current overload is permissible no higher than 10%. Overcurrent for paper-insulated cables operating at a voltage of 35 kV is unacceptable.

Compliance with Rules SO 153-34.20.501-2003 regulates all types of maintenance, repair and operation of energy facilities. Deviation from norms and recommendations entails emergency situations, equipment downtime, and threatens the health and life of operating personnel.