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The main Russian and foreign manufacturers of steam turbines. About company. production of steam turbines. Cooperation with foreign manufacturers

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1 UDC Khakimullin B.R. student of the PTE Department, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering Zainullin R.R. Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Department of PES FGBOU VO "KSPEU" Russia, Kazan MAIN FOREIGN MANUFACTURERS OF MODERN GAS TURBINE ENGINES Russian market. Keywords Keywords: gas turbine engine, unit power, foreign manufacturer, combined cycle plant. MAIN FOREIGN PRODUCERS OF MODERN GAS TURBINE ENGINES Hakimullin B.R., Zainullin R.R. In article the main advantages of foreign producers of modern gas turbine engines in the Russian market are considered. Keywords: gas turbine engine, single power, foreign producer, steam-gas unit. At present, the only area in the thermal power industry in which Russian manufacturers far behind the world's leading manufacturers are gas turbines of high power 200 MW and above. Moreover, foreign manufacturers have not only mastered the production

2 gas turbines with a unit capacity of 400 MW, but they also successfully tested and use a single-shaft layout of combined-cycle plants (CCGT), when gas turbine with a capacity of 400 MW and a steam turbine with a capacity of 200 MW have a common shaft (PGU-600). Moreover, Russian manufacturers of gas turbines are able to produce all the main components of the CCGT - steam turbines, boilers, turbogenerators, but modern gas turbines are not yet available. Although back in the 70s, our country was a leader in this direction, when supercritical steam parameters were mastered for the first time in the world. In our market, such large and advanced concerns as Siemens and General Electric are actively and very successfully operating, which often win tenders for the supply of power equipment. There are already quite a few generating facilities in the Russian energy system (Kazan CHPP-2, planned CHPP-1, CHPP-3), to some extent equipped with the main power equipment manufactured by Siemens, General Electric, etc. True, their total capacity does not yet exceed 15% of the total capacity of the Russian energy system. The number of enterprises producing gas turbines in our country is very limited, no more than ten. There are even fewer enterprises producing ground equipment based on gas turbines. Among them are Nevsky Zavod CJSC, NPO Saturn PJSC, UEC Gas Turbines OJSC and UEC-Perm Motors JSC. At the same time, in general, the nominal generated power of the serial products of these enterprises does not exceed 25 MW. There are several machines put into operation with a unit capacity of 110 MW based on the developments of PJSC NPO Saturn, but today the design of the hot part of these industrial turbines continues to be refined.

3 General Electric Company (USA) is the world's largest manufacturer of aircraft, land and marine gas turbine engines (GTEs). The division of General Electric Aircraft Engines (GE AE) is currently engaged in the development and production of various types of aircraft gas turbine engines. , F110, F404, F414, F120), turboprop engine (TVD) and helicopter gas turbine engines (ST7, T58, T700). The range of thrust and power of these engines is very wide: turbofan engines from 40 to 512 kN, turbofan engines from 80 to 190 kN, TVD and helicopter gas turbine engines from 900 to 3500 kW. A division of General Electric Energy develops and manufactures aircraft-derived stationary gas turbine engines for power, mechanical and marine propulsion in the power range from 2 to 510 MW. Also, this division carries out marketing and supply of all types of land and sea gas turbine engines of GE. Industrial and marine gas turbine engines are represented by the following range of models: gas turbine engines converted from aircraft engines LM500, LM1600, LM2000, LM2500, LM2500+, LM5000, LM6000; stationary gas turbine engines PGT5, PGT10, PGT25, MS5000, MS6000, MS7000, MS9000. Another major manufacturer is Siemens (Germany). The profile of this large company is stationary ground-based gas turbine engines for power and mechanical drive and marine applications in a wide power range from 4 to 400 MW. The main brands of gas turbine engines being developed and produced are: Typhoon, Tornado, Tempest, Cyclone, GT35, GT10B/С, GTX100, V64.3A, V94.2, V94.2A, V94.3A, W501D5A, W501F, W501G. Among Russian manufacturers, one can single out PJSC NPO Saturn (Rybinsk), which develops and manufactures military turbofan engines in the kn thrust class, TVD and helicopter gas turbine engines with a power of

4 kW, as well as power gas turbine engines in the MW power class. The main brands of GTD are AL-31ST, AL-31STE, GTD-4, GTD-6, GTD-8, GTD-6.3, GTD-10, GTD-110. The traditional segment of the Russian gas turbine market is focused on generating facilities in oil and gas fields and main gas pipelines. Gas turbine power plants make it possible to effectively utilize associated petroleum gas, solving not only the problem of energy supply, but also the rational use of hydrocarbon resources. For this reason, high-capacity turbines for creating large generation facilities are supplied mainly foreign companies. US energy giant General Electric and France's Électricité de France (EDF) have announced that they have completed one of the world's largest and most efficient 9HA gas turbines at their Belfort turbine plant in France. The capacity of the first 9HA gas turbine will be 575 MW, the 9HA cold start to rated load takes less than 30 minutes, the efficiency is more than 61%. For the foreseeable future, the most common way to use gas turbines will still be their familiar combination with steam turbines in combined cycle plants. Sources used: 1. Gafurov A.M., Gafurov N.M. Ways to improve the efficiency of modern gas turbines in a combined cycle. // Energy of Tatarstan (37). S Gafurov A.M., Osipov B.M., Titov A.V., Gafurov N.M. Software environment for energy audit of gas turbine installations. // Energy of Tatarstan (39). FROM

5 3. General Electric Company. Turbines. Electronic resource/ Access mode: 4. Siemens gas turbines. Electronic resource / Access mode: 5. PJSC NPO Saturn. Electronic resource / Access mode: 6. GE has manufactured the latest 9HA gas turbine. Electronic resource / Access mode:

REPORT for the work at the Regional Library Hristo Botev - Vratsa prez 2008

UDC 621.438 Khakimullin B.R. student of the PTE Department, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering Zainullin R.R. Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Department of PES FGBOU VO "KSPEU" Russia, Kazan

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We have been working in the field of power engineering since 1995. We manufacture and supply steam turbines and turbogenerators trademark TURBOPAR up to 20 MW to generate your own cheap electricity.

Production area

Steam turbines are manufactured at a production site in Smolensk, Russia with an area of 800 m2. Production address: 214000, Russia, Smolensk, st. 430km village Pronino, on the territory of the base of SC Mashtekhstroyopttorg. The production base includes sections for roughing and finishing, a mechanical repair section, a tool section, a thermal and welding department, an assembly section for steam turbines, turbogenerators, and adjustment of automated control systems. We have warehouses of spare parts and equipment components.

Developments of the design bureau

A special pride of the enterprise is the presence of its own design bureau. The design office employs qualified designers and technologists with extensive experience in the energy sector. Specialists of Yutron-Steam Turbines LLC (Russia) in cooperation with European manufacturers are working on the design of elements of steam counter-pressure and condensing turbines.

Our company has received a patent for its own development - an energy-saving steam microturbine from 500 kW to 1,000 kW, there is a license for steam turbines up to 6 MW and up to 20 MW.

OOO "Yutron - steam turbines" is a manufacturer of steam turbines in Russia. Main production program: production of pipelines and low power turbines from 500 kW to 20 MW.

Russia has found a way to circumvent Western sanctions for the sake of the most important state task - the construction of the Crimean power plants. The turbines produced by the German company Siemens, which are necessary for the operation of the stations, have been delivered to the peninsula. However, how did it happen that our country was unable to develop such equipment itself?

Russia has delivered two of the four gas turbines to Crimea for use at the Sevastopol power plant, Reuters reported yesterday, citing sources. According to them, turbines of the SGT5-2000E model of the German concern Siemens were delivered to the port of Sevastopol.

Russia is building two power plants with a capacity of 940 megawatts in Crimea, and earlier the supply of Siemens turbines to them was frozen due to Western sanctions. However, apparently, a solution was found: these turbines were supplied by some third-party companies, and not by Siemens itself.

Russian companies mass-produce only turbines for low-capacity power plants. For example, the capacity of the GTE-25P gas turbine is 25 MW. But modern power plants reach a capacity of 400-450 MW (as in the Crimea), and they need more powerful turbines - 160-290 MW. The turbine delivered to Sevastopol has exactly the required capacity of 168 MW. Russia is forced to find ways to circumvent Western sanctions in order to fulfill the program to ensure the energy security of the Crimean peninsula.

How did it happen that in Russia there are no technologies and sites for the production of high-capacity gas turbines?

After the collapse of the USSR in the 90s and early 2000s, Russian power engineering was on the verge of survival. But then a massive program for the construction of power plants began, that is, there was a demand for the products of Russian machine-building plants. But instead of creating their own product in Russia, a different path was chosen - and, at first glance, very logical. Why reinvent the wheel, spend a lot of time and money on development, research and production, if you can buy already modern and ready-made abroad.

“In the 2000s, we built gas turbine power plants with GE and Siemens turbines. Thus, they hooked our already poor energy on the needle of Western companies. Now a lot of money is paid for the maintenance of foreign turbines. An hour of work for a Siemens service engineer costs as much as a month's salary for a mechanic at this power plant. In the 2000s, it was necessary not to build gas turbine power plants, but to modernize our main generating facilities,” says Maxim Muratshin, CEO of Powerz engineering company.

“I am engaged in production, and I was always offended when earlier the top management said that we would buy everything abroad, because ours do not know how to do anything. Now everyone is awake, but time has passed. Already there is no such demand to create a new turbine to replace the Siemens one. But at that time it was possible to create your own high-capacity turbine and sell it to 30 gas turbine power plants. That's what the Germans would do. And the Russians just bought these 30 turbines from foreigners,” adds the interlocutor.

Now the main problem in power engineering is the wear and tear of machinery and equipment in the absence of high demand. More precisely, there is a demand from power plants, where outdated equipment must be urgently replaced. However, they don't have the money to do so.

“Power plants do not have enough money to carry out large-scale modernization in the face of a strict tariff policy regulated by the state. Power plants cannot sell electricity at a price that would earn them a quick upgrade. We have very cheap electricity compared to Western countries,” says Muratshin.

Therefore, the situation in the energy industry cannot be called rosy. For example, at one time the largest boiler plant in the Soviet Union, Krasny Kotelshchik (part of Power Machines), at its peak produced 40 large-capacity boilers per year, and now only one or two per year. “There is no demand, and the capacities that were in the Soviet Union have been lost. But we still have the basic technologies, so within two or three years our plants can again produce 40-50 boilers a year. It's a matter of time and money. But here we are dragged to the last, and then they want to quickly do everything in two days, ”muratshin worries.

Demand for gas turbines is even more difficult because generating electricity at gas boilers- an expensive pleasure. No one in the world builds its power industry only on this type of generation, as a rule, there is the main generating capacity, and gas turbine power plants supplement it. The advantage of gas turbine stations is that they are quickly connected and provide energy to the network, which is important during peak periods of consumption (morning and evening). Whereas, for example, steam or coal-fired boilers require several hours to cook. “In addition, there is no coal in Crimea, but it has its own gas, plus a gas pipeline is being pulled from the Russian mainland,” Muratshin explains the logic according to which a gas-fired power plant was chosen for Crimea.

But there is another reason why Russia bought German, and not domestic, turbines for power plants under construction in Crimea. The development of domestic analogues is already underway. We are talking about the GTD-110M gas turbine, which is being modernized and finalized at the United Engine Corporation together with Inter RAO and Rosnano. This turbine was developed in the 90s and 2000s, it was even used at Ivanovskaya GRES and Ryazanskaya GRES in the late 2000s. However, the product turned out to be with many "childhood diseases". Actually, NPO "Saturn" is now engaged in their treatment.

And since the project of the Crimean power plants is extremely important from many points of view, apparently, for the sake of reliability, it was decided not to use crude domestic turbine for it. The UEC explained that they would not have time to finalize their turbine before the start of construction of stations in the Crimea. By the end of this year, only a prototype of the modernized GTD-110M will be created. While the launch of the first blocks of two thermal power plants in Simferopol and Sevastopol is promised by the beginning of 2018.

However, if it were not for the sanctions, then there would be no serious problems with turbines for Crimea. Moreover, even Siemens turbines are not a purely imported product. Aleksey Kalachev from Finam Investment Company notes that turbines for the Crimean CHPPs could be produced in Russia, at the St. Petersburg plant Siemens Gas Turbine Technologies.

“Of course, this is a subsidiary of Siemens, and for sure some of the components are supplied for assembly from European factories. But still, this is a joint venture, and production is localized on Russian territory and for Russian needs,” says Kalachev. That is, Russia not only buys foreign turbines, but also forced foreigners to invest in production on Russian territory. According to Kalachev, it is precisely the creation of a joint venture in Russia with foreign partners that makes it possible to quickly and effectively overcome the technological gap.

"Without participation foreign partners the creation of independent and completely independent technologies and technological platforms is theoretically possible, but it will require significant time and money,” the expert explains. Moreover, money is needed not only for the modernization of production, but also for training, research and development, engineering schools, etc. By the way, it took Siemens 10 years to create the SGT5-8000H turbine.

The real origin of the turbines delivered to the Crimea turned out to be quite understandable. According to Technopromexport, four sets of turbines for power facilities in Crimea were purchased on the secondary market. And he, as you know, is not subject to sanctions.

In August 2012, our country became a member of the World trade organization(WTO). This circumstance will inevitably lead to increased competition in the domestic market of power engineering. Here, as elsewhere, the law applies: "change or die." Without revising the technology and without carrying out a deep modernization, it will be almost impossible to fight the sharks of Western engineering. In this regard, issues related to the development of modern equipment operating as part of combined cycle plants (CCGTs) are becoming more and more urgent.

Over the past two decades, combined cycle technology has become the most popular in the global energy sector - it accounts for up to two thirds of all generating capacities commissioned today on the planet. This is due to the fact that in combined-cycle plants, the energy of the burned fuel is used in a binary cycle - first in a gas turbine, and then in a steam one, and therefore CCGT is more efficient than any thermal power plant (TPP) operating only in a steam cycle.

Currently, the only area in the thermal power industry in which gas turbine manufacturers from Russia are critically behind the world's leading manufacturers is high-capacity gas turbines - 200 MW and more. Moreover, foreign leaders not only mastered the production of gas turbines with a unit capacity of 340 MW, but also successfully tested and used a single-shaft CCGT layout, when a gas turbine with a capacity of 340 MW and a steam turbine with a capacity of 160 MW have a common shaft. This arrangement allows to significantly reduce the construction time and the cost of the power unit.

The Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia in March 2011 adopted the "Strategy for the development of power engineering Russian Federation for 2010–2020 and until 2030”, according to which this direction in the domestic power engineering industry receives solid support from the state. As a result, by 2016, the Russian power engineering industry should carry out industrial development, including full-scale tests and refinement on its own test benches, of advanced gas turbine units (GTP) with a capacity of 65-110 and 270-350 MW and combined-cycle plants (CCP) running on natural gas with an increase in their coefficient of performance (COP) up to 60%.

Moreover, gas turbine manufacturers from Russia are able to produce all the main units of CCGT - steam turbines, boilers, turbogenerators, but a modern gas turbine is not yet given. Although back in the 70s, our country was a leader in this direction, when for the first time in the world supercritical steam parameters were mastered.

In general, as a result of the implementation of the Strategy, it is assumed that the share of power unit projects using foreign main power equipment should be no more than 40% by 2015, no more than 30% by 2020, no more than 10% by 2025 . It is believed that otherwise there may be a dangerous dependence of the stability of the unified energy system of Russia on the supply of foreign components. During the operation of power equipment, it is regularly necessary to replace a number of components and parts operating at high temperatures and pressures. At the same time, some of these components are not produced in Russia. For example, even for the domestic gas turbine GTE-110 and licensed GTE-160, some of the most important components and parts (for example, disks for rotors) are purchased only abroad.

In our market, such large and advanced concerns as Siemens and General Electric are actively and very successfully operating, which often win tenders for the supply of power equipment. There are already several generating facilities in the Russian energy system, to some extent equipped with the main energy equipment manufactured by Siemens, General Electric, etc. True, their total capacity does not yet exceed 5% of the total capacity of the Russian energy system.

However, many generating companies that use domestic equipment when replacing it still prefer to turn to firms with which they have been accustomed to work for decades. This is not just a tribute to tradition, but a justified calculation - many Russian companies have carried out a technological upgrade of production and are fighting on an equal footing with the world's power engineering giants. Today we will talk in more detail about the prospects of such large enterprises, as Kaluga Turbine Plant JSC (Kaluga), Ural Turbine Plant CJSC (Yekaterinburg), NPO Saturn (Rybinsk, Yaroslavl Region), Leningrad Metal Plant (St. Petersburg) , Perm Motor Building Complex (Perm Territory).

There are no more than ten enterprises producing gas turbines in our country. There are even fewer manufacturers of ground equipment based on gas turbines. Among them are ZAO Nevsky Zavod, OAO Saturn - Gas Turbines and OAO Perm Motor Plant (part of the UEC of Rostec Corporation).

In Russia, all the conditions have been formed for the rapid development of the gas turbine market for land-based applications, analysts at EnergyLand.info believe. The need for distributed generation, based not on diesel fuel, but on cleaner sources, is becoming more and more urgent. There are almost no doubts about the effectiveness of combined-cycle plants.

However, there are no more than ten enterprises producing gas turbines in our country. There are even fewer manufacturers of ground equipment based on gas turbines.

In the Soviet Union, stakes were placed on coal, oil and other calorific sources. Therefore, the first gas turbines were produced only in the 1950s. And first of all in relation to aviation construction.

In the 1990s, the development of power gas turbines based on engines created by NPO Saturn for aircraft began.

Today, the production of ground power equipment based on NPO Saturn engines is carried out by Saturn - Gas Turbines OJSC. Perm Motor Plant has mastered the production of gas turbine power plants based on the developments of JSC Aviadvigatel.

At the same time, the nominal capacity of the serial production of these enterprises does not exceed 25 MW on average. There are several machines with a unit capacity of 110 MW based on the developments of NPO Saturn, but today they continue to be refined.

Turbines of high power are supplied mainly by foreign companies. Russian enterprises seek to enter into cooperation with world leaders.

However, not all world leaders are interested in organizing the production of gas turbines in Russia. One of the reasons is unstable demand for products. And it, in turn, largely depends on the level of energy consumption. Since 2010, energy consumption in Russia has grown steadily. But soon, according to experts, stagnation may occur. And the increase in demand in 2013-2014 will be only about 1% per year or even less.

According to Dmitry Solovyov, Deputy Chief Designer of OAO Saturn - Gas Turbines, similar reasons prevent Russian companies from mastering the production of high-capacity gas turbines. “The production of powerful gas turbine units (GTP) requires special equipment, large-diameter machines, vacuum welding units with chambers of the order of 5 by 5 m,” he says. - To create such a production, you need to be confident in the sales market. And for this, the country should have a long-term program for the development of the energy sector, perhaps then enterprises will begin to invest in the modernization of the base.”

However, the absence of predictable prospects does not mean that there is no demand at all. Demand is definitely there. Both for turbines with a capacity of more than 150 MW, and for small gas turbines that require less capital costs, but are quite capable of increasing energy efficiency and payback.

The growth of the sales market may be due to the development of the regional energy sector and the commissioning of medium-capacity generating facilities. And gas turbines with a capacity of 4, 8, 16, 25 MW are the segment in which Russian manufacturers, who have already felt the market trend, mainly operate.

In developed countries, low-capacity cogeneration plants are commonplace. In Russia, their number is still significantly lower. The main difficulty for companies supplying small-capacity turbines is the insufficient solvency of potential customers.

Another traditional segment of the gas turbine market is generation facilities at oil and gas fields and main gas pipelines. Gas turbine power plants make it possible to effectively utilize associated petroleum gas, solving not only the problem of energy supply, but also the rational use of hydrocarbon resources.

According to the observations of the specialists of JSC "Saturn - Gas Turbines", in the pre-crisis years of 2006-2008 there was a surge of interest of oilmen in domestic gas turbines. Today this demand is at a stable level.

Modern trends in the improvement of gas turbines are largely associated with innovations for the oil industry. But not only. Challenges facing manufacturers:
- increase in efficiency,
- reducing the number of nodes in the turbine,
- increase in reliability,
- reduction of maintenance volumes,
- reduction of downtime during diagnostics of the technical condition.

The above can solve the problem of the high cost of service maintenance.

In addition, the creators of turbines strive to make them unpretentious to the gas used and the ability to work on liquid fuel.

And in the West, they are also worried that, regardless of the composition of the gas, the turbine would have good environmental performance.

A very important - promising - direction for improving gas turbines is associated with renewable energy sources (RES) and the prospects for the introduction of "smart grids". Initially, gas turbines were created as equipment that provides constant power output. However, the introduction of RES into the energy system automatically requires flexibility from other generation facilities. This flexibility makes it possible to ensure a stable power level in the network when there is insufficient renewable energy generation, for example, on calm or cloudy days.

Accordingly, a smart grid turbine should easily adapt to changes in the network and be designed for regular starts and stops without loss of resource. This is not possible with conventional gas turbines.

Abroad, certain successes in this direction have already been achieved. For example, the new FlexEfficiency gas turbine is able to scale down from 750 MW to 100 MW and then ramp up in 13 minutes, and when used with solar power plants will have an efficiency of up to 71%.

However, for the foreseeable future, the most common way to use gas turbines will still be their usual combination with steam turbines in combined cycle plants. In our country, the market for such cogeneration facilities is by no means complete and is waiting for saturation.

United Engine Corporation (UEC)- a company that includes more than 85% of the assets of Russian gas turbine equipment. An integrated structure that produces engines for military and civil aviation, space programs, installations of various capacities for the production of electrical and thermal energy, gas compressors and ship gas turbine units. In total, more than 70 thousand people work in the UEC. The company is headed by Vladislav Evgenyevich Masalov.

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