Head of SME Corporation Alexander Braverman. Alexander braverman: the merger of Aizhk and the Rzhs fund should produce a synergistic effect. - What does it represent

Small business rescuers earn five times the industry average. financial activities

The average salary of employees of the Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (JSC SME Corporation; until July it was called the Credit Guarantee Agency) amounted to 288 thousand rubles. This comes from the report Accounts Chamber on the interim results of the agency's work for the first half of 2015. The average salary of companies in the field of financial activities in 2014 amounted to 68.6 thousand rubles, that is, almost five times less than in a state-owned company.

The Credit Guarantee Agency (AKG) was established by order Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev in May 2014 to support small and medium-sized businesses through the issuance of state guarantees for bank loans. 50 billion rubles were invested in the agency's capital. Galina Izotova, who at that time was the deputy plenipotentiary representative of the president in the Privolzhsky federal district Mikhail Babich. Prior to this, Izotov was First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Regional Policy. On October 2, 2015 Alexander was appointed the head of the company Braverman- former CEO of the Federal Development Assistance Fund housing construction(since August 2008).

According to the report of the Accounts Chamber, which was reviewed by the media, the cost of maintaining the agency in the first half of 2015 amounted to 237.4 million rubles. The largest amount of funds used — 121.1 million rubles, or 51% of the total current expenses — were labor costs. In the materials of the auditors it is noted that the actual number of personnel as of July 1, 2015 reached 70 people. Thus, the average salary of the company's employees by July amounted to 288 thousand rubles per month.

Another 29.4 million rubles were allocated to pay insurance premiums for the company's employees to state extra-budgetary funds - to the Fund social insurance, to the Pension Fund of Russia, to the mandatory medical insurance funds. In addition to this, the agency provided voluntary medical insurance for employees and life insurance - expenses for these purposes in the first half of the year amounted to 650 thousand rubles. 77.5 million rubles were allocated for administrative and business expenses, which include, in particular, the maintenance of office equipment, mobile communications, premises and official vehicles, the cost of business trips and business trips, etc.

Expenses for ensuring the activities of the ACG (functioning of payment, operational, information and analytical systems, etc.) amounted to 8.7 million rubles. From the moment of its foundation until July 1, 2015, 1,644 guarantees were issued to small and medium-sized businesses out of the 50 billion rubles allocated by ACS in the amount of 8 billion rubles (of which Agriculture provided guarantees in the amount of 2 billion rubles). Of these, 6.6 billion rubles fell in the first half of the year, which is only 10.5% of the final planned indicator (63 billion rubles; the indicator is set in the Development Strategy of the National Guarantee System for Supporting Small and Medium-Sized Businesses for the Period until 2020 - approved Ministry of Economic Development). The auditors assessed the effectiveness of the agency's work as "low". ACG's income from providing guarantees to businesses amounted to 63.9 million rubles in January-June.

As of July 1, 2015, the size equity The ACG amounted to 54.6 billion rubles - temporarily free funds of the agency were placed on bank deposits (41.4 billion rubles as of July 1, 2015) and invested in federal loan bonds (12.8 billion rubles). By July 1, income on deposits amounted to 3 billion rubles, coupon income on bonds - 546.8 million rubles, and the maximum yield, in particular, on bonds amounted to around 9% per annum, and the annual inflation rate in June 2015 amounted to 15.3 %, according to the auditors' report. Thus, they note, “the conservative policy of forming the OFZ portfolio does not allow the agency to quickly respond to changes in financial and stock markets, which creates risks of inflationary devaluation of invested funds.

Meanwhile, in the last month alone - already with the arrival of Alexander Braverman - SME Corporation has placed seven tenders: among others, an order for 15.9 million rubles involves the purchase of ten sedan cars for the needs of the company. According to the procurement documents, one of these vehicles is to have cloth seats, while the other nine have leather upholstery and wood-look trim. Another tender for 13 million rubles involves the supply of electronic computers, another 3 million rubles will be spent on the organization's website.

Ekaterina Ovchinnik, HR Director of the outsourcing company Intercomp, cited Rosstat data, according to which the average monthly nominal salary of employees in the whole Russian economy in the first quarter of 2015 amounted to 31.6 thousand rubles, in the second quarter - 34.7 thousand, in the third quarter - 33 thousand rubles.

“At the same time, in September 2015,” Ovchinnik reminded, “for the first time, Russia was ahead of China in terms of the average salary of citizens. Thus, according to this indicator, Russia was overtaken by a country whose economic success is based on extremely cheap labor. The average salary of companies in the financial sector is higher than in the whole country — in 2014, the figure was 68.6 thousand rubles.

Pavel Sigal, First Vice President of Opora Rossii, emphasized that SME Corporation is “very compact by the standards state companies structure, so it has a high percentage management personnel».

- This is mainly for professionals. financial market, which are among the highest compensated on the market,” Segal says. “But there are certainly opportunities for optimization given the difficult situation in the economy. In addition, the work of the corporation can hardly be called successful. Small and medium business there is a great need for support, and less than 10% of the support funds have been used. At the same time, the effectiveness of managing the balances of free funds also raises a lot of questions. Therefore, it is necessary to work more actively with business, and increase the efficiency of investments of free funds in order to protect them from depreciation.

The press service of the SME Corporation was unable to promptly answer Izvestia's questions. A source in the organization stressed that the organization is extremely prudent with its resources.

— The internal rules of the corporation are based on austerity. In particular, all employees of the corporation, when sent on business trips, regardless of their position, fly only in economy class, the source said.

By autumn, the Housing Development Agency should be created in Russia, which will include the Federal Housing Development Fund (RHD) and the Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending (AHML). The fund's general director ALEXANDER BRAVERMAN told Kommersant how the crisis prompted the authorities to merge the two structures, and due to which demand for housing stabilizes in September-October.

— Why was it necessary to merge the RHD Foundation and AHML into one structure?

This issue is long overdue, the crisis in the economy has accelerated the process. The fund has a land resource, but does not have sufficient funds to prepare required amount sites with engineering networks and all necessary infrastructure. AHML, with which we have been working closely from the very beginning, on the contrary, has financial resources. This was one of the main reasons for the creation of a new development institution in the housing sector. In fact, the merger should have a synergistic effect: the new development institution, on the one hand, will prepare for the development of state lands, and on the other hand, it will form mortgage programs to stimulate demand. It is possible that before the end of the current session, the State Duma deputies will approve the law on the merger of the RHD Foundation and AHML.

— How exactly did the crisis affect the RHD Foundation?

Despite the difficult situation, the fund is not a recipient of funds from federal budget. We receive all funds from the sale of federally owned land plots. The fund throughout its existence (created in 2008. - Kommersant) directed most of the proceeds to taxes and infrastructure. According to the Accounts Chamber, which regularly checks us, in 2010-2011 we directed 41% of our revenue, which in those periods amounted to 4.54 billion rubles, to pay taxes and mandatory payments. Over the past few years, tax payments have accounted for approximately 52% of the fund's total cash receipts. By the way, the Accounts Chamber did not record any financial violations in the work of the fund.

At the same time, we must sell land prepared for development, which requires direct costs for engineering networks and social infrastructure. So, in total, the fund made decisions to provide land plots with engineering infrastructure in the amount of 4.66 billion rubles, which will provide networks for more than 80 sites, where it is planned to build more than 4 million square meters. m of housing. Of this amount, the fund has already financed 2.34 billion rubles. in the form of a fee for connecting these land plots to networks. Moreover, relatively recent legislative amendments have imposed on our fund the obligation to involve in the circulation of land, state ownership of which is not demarcated. These are also significant costs. But now, due to the crisis phenomena in the economy, land has ceased to bear its adequate value.

— What is the adequate value of the land in your case?

Exactly the same as given by the appraiser. Now the problem for us is the existing model of the developer's behavior. Having built the first stage of the residential complex, he cannot sell all the apartments, so he does not start building the second phase. Moreover, some developers are trying to transfer the proceeds from the sale of housing to other business areas, or put it on a bank deposit, earning some interest, or use other investment instruments.

Another category of developers is now investing free funds in the purchase of often discounted plots. They replenish their land bank with an eye to the future. On such operations, they can earn extra money in the future. But according to the terms of our fund, a developer who has received our site at an auction must build it up within the time frame and in the agreed volumes clearly specified in the auction documentation. Therefore, now the demand for our plots (even taking into account the fact that we help with connecting to networks) is not so high. According to our forecasts, according to the results of this year, the demand for sites from developers will increase by only 6-8%.

- But there are examples when developers are not satisfied with the starting price for some sites offered by the fund. Why don't you discount the value of these assets to an adequate level if there is demand?

In law starting price land lots is determined independent appraiser. In this situation, we have no opportunity to take either a step to the left or a step to the right. At the beginning of June, we gathered evaluators and held a meeting where consolidated recommendations were developed.

For example, we are exploring the possibility of setting a starting price for plots based on a lower and upper cost limit, which was not the case before. It is also proposed to take into account current market offers for discounts and mortgage products when determining the sale price of built housing. This will enable a more flexible approach to pricing, which will be convenient for the developer. Another recommendation is to increase the exposure time of sites. Let's say, from the announcement of a land auction to its holding, we set minimum term- month. But during this period, in the current economic situation, developers do not have time to study all possible options for building the site and get a loan.

— Did exchange rate fluctuations affect the growth of construction costs?

Developers were forced to think about import substitution of certain materials and equipment. This, of course, affected the cost reduction. But the change in the exchange rate of the ruble, no doubt, affected the contracts denominated in foreign currency. From this point of view, the building complex has a negative impact. But most of the building materials are produced domestically, so no significant increase in cost is observed. Moreover, the competition that has arisen due to the current market situation only contributes to cost reduction.

— But exchange rate fluctuations have led to a decrease in consumer demand.

Yes, in the whole country, demand fell by an average of 20-25% - this is what we are faced with. But I think that the acute phase of the crisis has passed and the market is recovering. Because it was possible to keep mortgage lending rates at 12% due to state subsidies. It is clear that the market cannot immediately get out of this situation.

How long do you predict this will take?

Perhaps by the fall we will reach stable demand parameters.

- This will happen when the mortgage becomes available to a large number of buyers ...

After the authorities decided to subsidize mortgage rates, their cost was about 12% per annum, which in some regions is lower than before the crisis in the economy last year. In the next three years, the demand for housing is projected at 163 million square meters. m, of which 130 million sq. m - economy class apartments.

— All these years the RHD Foundation has been working with foreign companies— potential participants of your land auctions. Did political instability influence their decision to invest in Russian real estate?

Unfortunately, the activity of foreign investors in the Russian land market has decreased. But this is if we are talking about housing construction. If Russian developers do not really want to launch new construction projects in the absence of serious demand for housing in the primary market, what can we say about Western companies. On the other hand, those foreign investors who need development sites in Russia retail chains or businesses Catering, on the contrary, continue active search.

Recently there has been interest foreign companies to sites where it is possible to build enterprises for the production of building materials, which are needed not only for the construction of apartments, but also for other sectors where the impact of the crisis turned out to be insignificant. It is clear that foreign interests have changed in the current situation - if earlier most of the companies considering our sites were from Europe, now they are from Turkey and China.

- The RHD Foundation allocated land not only for housing construction, but also for enterprises for the production of building materials and the creation of separate clusters. Will this practice continue under the new structure?

Undoubtedly. Moreover, we have similar projects under development. For example, in Pushkin, which is part of St. Petersburg, it is planned to create an agro-industrial park, which should solve the issue of import substitution of agricultural products. This year it is planned to put up for auction 360 hectares for a future agricultural park. The concept of its creation is currently being developed, after which the document will have to be approved by the regional administration. In fact, clusters are being created at our sites, where the opening of new production facilities is synchronized with the construction of housing for workers.

- During the last crisis, the authorities were faced with the issue of single-industry towns created back in Soviet time. Will your clusters in the future give rise to the same single-industry towns, where the population has a minimum choice of employment with the maximum risk of losing a job?

When creating our clusters, a completely different approach is used. One big plant is not being built on our sites, providing work for the entire population in the district. Clusters will have industry diversification: such production lines can be re-profiled in the event of a crisis. For example, in the Novosibirsk region, on the lands of the RHD Foundation, two enterprises have been created - for the production of structures from autoclaved aerated concrete and lime. Plus, there are four projects at once in various stages of implementation to create production facilities for dry building mixtures and stone wool insulation. All these materials are used in low-rise construction. At the same time, within the radius of logistical accessibility from the new cluster, the RHD Foundation allocated almost 870 hectares to developers at auctions, where a total of 2.9 million square meters are being built. m. Another 362 hectares are planned to be put up for auction. That is, the volumes of new construction make it possible to load new capacities for the production of building materials. In addition, clusters are not always single-industry towns that we are used to. For example, a nuclear innovation cluster is being created in Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk Region: in this city, we provided 76 hectares at an auction where the developer must sell housing at a fixed price, including for workers involved in the creation of a new research center.

- Initially, there was information that the Federal Fund for Assistance to the Reform of Housing and Utilities would also be included in the new agency. Why now this structure has dropped out of the created structure?

I can assume that this is due to the fact that the fund has a period of existence: according to the law, it must be disbanded from January 1, 2018.

- Is the merger of the RHD Foundation and AHML connected with the need to push the implementation of the state program "Housing for the Russian family", which can stall just as similar targeted programs were previously adopted?

The state program has already started working. The regions began to select developers according to the rules of the program, that is, with the obligation of companies to build housing at fixed prices. As part of the state program, our fund provided developers with land plots where it is possible to build about 1 million square meters. m. The regions also began to allocate plots. This has already led to a change in some local markets, there has been a certain saturation of the market. In such regions, the problem arose with a shortage of plots prepared for development.

For example, in Tyumen, where on 98 hectares provided by the RHD Foundation, four microdistricts are being built at once for 955 thousand square meters. m of housing, of which 820 thousand square meters. m have already been put into operation. In Primorsky Krai, 12 projects are being implemented on the lands of the fund: we have allocated more than 750 hectares in the region, where the total area of ​​housing being designed and under construction is 1.83 million square meters. m, of which 1.42 million sq. m is the economy class. In addition, we are now preparing auctions for the provision of more than 1.17 thousand hectares in the Volgograd, Kursk, Penza, Rostov regions for the construction of economy-class housing under the state program.

- By creating the Housing Development Agency, the authorities are consolidating three resources at once in one hand - finance, land plots and sources of connection to engineering networks. It turns out that the state monopolizes the construction market?

I have a counter question. Why is it for the state?

“This is a market where a lot of money is circulating. For example, over the past three years, the volume of all construction works across the country, according to Rosstat, is close to 6 trillion rubles.

But any construction project means not only revenues and profits, but also obligations to co-investors when it comes to housing construction. As for the agency being created, it will not be engaged in construction, but will continue to create conditions so that the developer can build housing on state-owned lands with minimal costs - in fact, this is what our foundation was doing. Moreover, a competitive environment has now been formed on the land market: not only does our fund offer land plots to developers (and later it will be a new structure being created), but also regional authorities. Banks are also selling off building sites that they got on defaulted loans. What kind of monopoly is this?

Another thing is that the speed of project implementation at our sites is twice as high as in other areas. First of all, due to the fact that we provide connection to engineering networks. For example, the average project implementation period from the date of signing the lease agreement to the commissioning of the first stage of development on sites provided by the RHD Foundation is 2.6 years, while on other sites it is almost five years. Such a situation, on the contrary, should encourage competition, since in our country there are private owners of land, and even large land developers, who are not hindered by anyone from "packing" their plots with infrastructure in a way that would be interesting to potential buyers. If the state would need it, then the authorities would have crushed the housing market long ago. This could have been done when our foundation was created. It was enough to endow the RHD Foundation with the functions of an investor-developer.

- The new agency has not yet been created, but it is already known that it will be headed by Alexander Plutnik, a former assistant to Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov, ex-deputy head of the Ministry of Construction, and now the general director of AHML. Why Mr. Plutnik is considered on new position and not you?

The financial component will dominate in the new development institute created on the basis of AHML and our fund. That is, under current conditions key factor is not the building plot itself (even if it is provided with all the necessary infrastructure), but the stimulation of demand, followed by supply. I am not an expert in mortgage securities and mortgage lending, so I cannot give qualified guidance on this matter.

In addition, Alexander (Plutnik. - Kommersant) knows how the work of the RHD Foundation is structured. He worked with the presidential commission for the development of the affordable housing market, which, among other things, developed proposals for the creation of the RHD Foundation. And in the last year, as a deputy minister, he plunged into the work of AHML.

- Will you stay in the new structure?

- How reliable is the information that you can head a new agency to promote small and medium-sized businesses?

I don't do self-appointments. As far as I know, there is no such agency yet. Now a group of experts has been assembled under the Ministry of Economy, which should develop mechanisms to support small and medium-sized businesses. I am an ordinary member of this group. According to experts, if the problem with the development of small and medium-sized businesses is not resolved in the rest of the current political cycle, then the prospects for the Russian economy may not be the best. For example, in the construction industry, according to various estimates, small and medium-sized businesses account for 90% of the work. Small and medium enterprises in this industry still have not created optimal conditions for work.

What kind of perks could these be?

For example, it is necessary to admit small developers to contracts distributed under the state order, while the quality and safety of construction must be unconditionally ensured; do for small companies available debt financing. There should be a "single window" of support for such entrepreneurs. By and large, these are not even benefits at all, but instruments that have been operating in other countries for a long time.

- Alexander Arnoldovich, speaking in general, what volumes of support for small and medium-sized businesses are we talking about now?
— Last year, the National Guarantee System provided credit and guarantee support in the amount of 233.8 billion rubles. at a final rate 3% below the market rate.

This year we expect this figure to be approximately 260-270 billion rubles.

And the cumulative result for three years will be more than 650 billion rubles.

— Could you outline the results of the work of the SME Corporation under the loan program with a final rate of 6.5% for small businesses?
- Speaking about the program with a final rate of 6.5%, I immediately want to indicate authorship as a native of science: it was an idea. More than 27 billion rubles have been issued under this program.

There are still 805 million rubles unspent. This is our money and.

I think that together with the Ministry of Economic Development we will allocate everything for 63 billion rubles this year.

— What are the main accents in the work of the SME Corporation?
— We support start-ups, we support gazelles, and we support an investment lift that consolidates support for development institutions.

— What are the features of work on startups?
— The amount that we allocated to support startups in the form of guarantees is 2.15 billion rubles, which made it possible to attract loans for more than 4.5 billion rubles.

The amount on a national scale is small - let's be frank.

AT next year we're going to refocus. It will be a completely different amount.

— What are the features of obtaining loans by projects in the direction of investment lifts?
— 27 billion rubles were issued for 17 projects. The investment lift includes the corporation, and the REC. And the consolidation of these efforts allows you to issue a loan on extremely favorable terms.

We are talking about a limited range of industries - high-tech industries.

As a result, loans are issued on conditions below market ones, and the overall efforts allow exporting products. We have about 30 billion more projects in the pipeline.

- And the third direction that you spoke about is the "gazelles" ...
- Firstly, we gave a definition to the definition of "gazelles". We work here in the most dense way with a number of companies. These are, and the Industrial Development Fund, and others.

And we gave the working group a definition of what we mean by a "gazelle" - a company at least 3 years old, demonstrating revenue growth of 20% annually for three years.

We have 415 projects under consideration. Of these, the first stage is 27. We structured them by type of support. And we will do it. These are three breakthrough directions.

According to an informed source of The Moscow Post, Alexander Braverman, the head of the SME Corporation, may face arrest.

Exactly one year ago, the Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) was established. This structure operates with billions of rubles, which should go to the development of the private sector of the economy. In an interview with Kommersant, the general director of the corporation, ALEXANDER BRAVERMAN, told how it is planned to distribute these funds, who will guarantee the repayment of loans by small and medium-sized businesses, and whether they will be able to participate in the purchases of state-owned companies.

— Why do we need a separate structure for the development of small and medium-sized businesses, when there are other mechanisms to support this sector?

— The need to create a single platform for coordinating support for SMEs is long overdue. Numerous actions of the state in the segment of the development of small and medium-sized businesses were multidirectional. As a result, it was not possible to fully achieve the stated goals - for example, in terms of expanding the share of small and medium-sized businesses in the procurement of companies with state participation or creating conditions for providing entrepreneurs with affordable financing. Therefore, by decree of President Vladimir Putin in June last year, our corporation was created. The role of the corporation as a single support center is also mentioned in the strategy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses until 2030, recently approved by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev.

- Have federal officials finally realized that oil is not a constant value for the budget?

— It is obvious that the development model based on the extraction of hydrocarbon raw materials is exhausting itself. Current situation (in the economy.— "b") showed that diversification is the main issue on the economic agenda, and this, as world experience shows, is possible primarily due to the development and support of small and medium-sized businesses. But this must be done purposefully and as technologically as possible.

- One side, federal authorities declare support for small and medium-sized businesses, on the other hand, regional officials sometimes demonstrate the diametrically opposite. Let's take, for example, the scandal in Moscow with the demolition of stalls, the owners of which paid taxes to the same city budget...

- The Moscow authorities and personally Mayor Sergei Sobyanin contribute to the creation of legal jobs through the systematic development of small and medium-sized businesses. The capital is far ahead of other cities in the country in terms of the number of technology parks and business incubators. Having become residents of technoparks, the same medium and small companies engaged, for example, in issuing high-tech products, reduce their costs for infrastructure and the creation of production sites, security. If you look at the statistics, then in Moscow the number of registered enterprises, jobs and tax revenue in the budget every year only increases.

Will the corporation promote acceptance federal laws making life easier for small and medium-sized businesses?

We have the right to make proposals for improving legislation. So, for example, the corporation, together with the Ministry of Economic Development and State Duma deputies, made a proposal regarding the streamlining of the work of regional guarantee organizations (RGO), which today, to put it mildly, has not been settled. Now this bill is being prepared for the second reading in the State Duma.

- What is the essence of your proposals?

- The budget of the Russian Geographical Society, which provides guarantees for loans to small and medium-sized businesses, is 80% formed at the expense of the federal budget, the rest is the funds of the regions. At the same time, the state does not actually manage these organizations, although it sends funds there in the form of subsidies. That is, the money was transferred regardless of whether this or that RGO works well or badly, whether it gives guarantees to banks on loans for small and medium-sized businesses or not. The proposals are that those regional guarantee organizations that do not work well and do not interact with entrepreneurs and banks lending to projects of small and medium-sized businesses should be deprived of federal subsidies. Now we have built a three-level model of guarantee support for small and medium-sized businesses.

— What does she represent?

— The first level is the SME corporation, which provides guarantees of medium and large sizes. As a rule, we are talking about guarantees for loans, the amount of which exceeds 100 million rubles. Applications for obtaining guarantees for such loans are considered from three to ten days. Plus, we provide guarantees under the 6.5% Program, which encourages banks to lend to projects of small and medium-sized businesses. By the beginning of June, such guarantees and guarantees have already been issued for about 10 billion rubles, and by the end of this year we plan to 30 billion rubles. The size of the guarantee portfolio from 14.5 billion rubles. for six months of the corporation's operation has grown to 27 billion rubles. Applications worth up to 69 billion rubles are currently being processed.

The second level is the SME Bank, where the corporation has been the sole shareholder since the end of April 2016. The Bank provides guarantees for projects ranging in value from RUB 15 million to RUB 50 million. Since the beginning of this year, SME Bank has issued guarantees for 1 billion rubles, while at the end of 2016 there should be 12 billion rubles. The third level is 81 regional guarantee organizations. They issue guarantees up to 25 million rubles. Of the total amount of guarantees planned for this year, 23 billion rubles. all the Russian Geographical Society allocated 9.6 billion rubles in total.

All in all, by the end of 2016, it is planned to allocate guarantees for a total amount of 65 billion rubles in three areas. The analysis shows that with this amount of guarantee support, the volume of lending to small and medium-sized businesses will amount to at least 130 billion rubles.

— You mentioned the 6.5% Program. Can small and medium-sized businesses get loans from banks at such a percentage?

- Within the framework of this program, the Central Bank provides authorized banks under the guarantee of our corporation loans at a rate of 6.5% per annum. In turn, banks issue loans to end borrowers at a rate of 11% for small businesses and 10% for medium businesses. The amount of loans varies from 50 million to 1 billion rubles, these funds should be used to purchase fixed assets, modernize and reconstruct production, launch new projects, as well as to replenish working capital. In relation to one borrower, the total loan amount under the program cannot exceed 4 billion rubles.

— Is this program eligible for all SMEs without exceptions?

- So far, only those who work in priority sectors of the economy. For example, these are agribusiness, food production, transport, communications, high tech, construction, domestic tourism. Now 22 major companies are participating in the program Russian bank, including Sberbank, VTB, Rosselkhozbank, Promsvyazbank. In March of this year, more than 90% of the funds of the limit set by the Bank of Russia in the amount of 50 billion rubles were used. Then the Board of Directors of the Central Bank decided to increase to 75 billion rubles. limit on provision credit organizations within the "Program 6.5%".

— Is it easy now for SMEs producing import-substituting products to get loans, given that there are other institutions besides the corporation, for example, the Industrial Development Fund (IDF)?

“Now we are working on a system of financing SMEs that produce import-substituting products and those that are export-oriented. For example, the FRP issues loans for five years up to 300 million rubles. per transaction at 5% per annum. Undoubtedly, excellent conditions. But the main requirement is that the fund provides 50% of the required funding. At least 15% must be contributed by the shareholder. The remaining 35% will have to be taken at the market rate. It is difficult to take such a loan in the high-tech sector. In this case, representatives of SMEs can receive the remaining amount in our corporation under the same "6.5% Program". Besides, Russian fund direct investment can be included in the capital of medium-sized companies engaged in the non-primary sector, whose revenue is 0.5-2 billion rubles. The fund enters the capital of such companies (up to 50%) and exits in five to seven years. The same entrepreneurs who produce export-oriented products are credited by the Russian Export Center. Under the same program, we are closely cooperating with the Agency for Strategic Initiatives. So SMEs now have a fairly wide choice of financing instruments investment projects. Moreover, the aforementioned development institutions have adopted a regulation on interaction, and consideration of the application should not exceed 46 days.

- But what about small and medium-sized enterprises selling products domestically, especially now, when demand is compressed?

— Infrastructure monopolies, JSCs with a state stake of 50% plus 1 share, demand for products is quite high.

Are state-owned companies ready to buy from small and medium-sized businesses?

- Ready. But they have their own requirements for the adequacy of the quality and price of products, plus delivery times. The government has identified a list of 35 specific customers who are required to purchase products from small and medium-sized businesses. With 22 largest customers, including Rosneft, Rostec, Russian Railways, Rosatom, Rostelecom, Rosseti, Uralvagonzavod, our corporation has signed cooperation agreements, active work on interaction with large customers continues.

— Can you give some figures to assess the capacity of the market for the purchase of products by companies with state participation from SMEs?

— Now the largest customers purchase over 98 thousand commodity items from SMEs, the volume of purchases for which competitions are held is about 520 billion rubles. By the end of this year, according to our forecasts, this amount will amount to approximately 1 trillion rubles. The total amount of contracts that the largest customers have concluded with small and medium-sized businesses from January to April this year, amounted to 348.3 billion rubles. Now the average share of such suppliers in the procurement structure of large state-owned companies exceeds 26%, which is 2.6 times higher than the quota set by the government. Purchases of products from SMEs are closely monitored by the Federal Antimonopoly Service and the Prosecutor General's Office.

- Doesn't it seem strange to you the presence of the Prosecutor General's Office between two economic entities - state-owned companies and small and medium-sized businesses?

- It does not seem. To provide the largest customers necessary products SMEs need equipment. It is usually bought with loans or leased. For such borrowers, in some cases, loans are short-term, say up to three months. Imagine now: the customer delayed payment for a long time. In this case, for the entrepreneur, the cost borrowed money automatically increases, which can sometimes lead to the ruin of the company. Monitoring the implementation of legislation in the field of procurement is a direct function of the Prosecutor General's Office.

— For many SMEs, it is difficult to get certified...

- Mandatory certification of products manufactured for the largest customers is certainly needed, but now obtaining the necessary certificate requires serious expenses, which is not always affordable for SMEs. High price procedures sometimes cuts off participation in tenders largest companies small and medium businesses. In our opinion, this (product certification.— "b") non-core business for the largest companies, and despite the fact that it is necessary, it should be regulated in terms of price parameters.

- There is another problem - the lack of accurate information on the number of small and medium-sized enterprises actually operating in the country ...

- Gradually, this problem is being solved. There was a presidential order to create unified register SMEs. In addition to the parameters of the number of employees and the volume of revenue, it will also include, in a declarative manner, a range of products manufactured by small and medium-sized enterprises in a format that is as close as possible to the requirements of the largest customers. The execution of this order is controlled by First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov, Finance Minister Anton Siluanov. This task is implemented by the Federal tax office. We are also assisted in this by the Committee on Budget and Taxes of the State Duma, headed by Andrey Makarov.

— Latest sociological surveys show that 60% of Russians believe that small and medium-sized businesses are important for the country's economy, which they trust more than big business. But at the same time, most of the respondents are not ready to do business. Do you think this is due to the fears of citizens that the state can change its attitude towards SMEs at any moment?

— I don't think so. Many of our fellow citizens are underinformed. Do you know, for example, which businesses should be developed in the areas of Moscow where you live? To answer this question, we are launching the SME Business Navigator. This resource gives entrepreneurs an understanding of where and what type of business can be developed. You choose the city, district, street and interactive map see the potential location of the business with estimates of the possible flow of customers, approximate monthly revenue.

Plus, there you can find information about competitive environment. Moreover, the navigator will show the following information: whether there are premises in a particular area that are in federal, regional or municipal ownership (this allows you to rent such areas at a reduced cost), whether you can get a loan to start your own business, and what guarantee support is available from our corporation, SME bank or regional guarantee organization. An important issue is the cost of connecting to the infrastructure (electricity, gas, water, heat). In creating this part of the business navigator, we are supported by presidential aide Andrey Belousov and head of the presidential expert department Vladimir Simonenko.

- Does the navigator provide information only for major cities?

- The first stage, which starts in the coming days, covers 76 cities with a population of more than 250 thousand people. The second stage, the planned date for its implementation - the end of this year, covers 169 cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people. Further financial support and improvement of the business navigator for these cities, where approximately 60% of SMEs are concentrated in terms of numbers, generating 80% of income, will be carried out by the corporation. In parallel, the regions will be given a standard that they can replicate at the municipal level.

Interviewed by Khalil Aminov

SME corporation

Dossier

The Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME Corporation JSC) was established on the basis of the Credit Guarantee Agency in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On Measures to further development small and medium-sized businesses" dated June 5, 2015. The sole founder and shareholder is the Federal Property Management Agency. Authorized capital corporations - 50 billion rubles. Among the main goals is to provide support to small and medium-sized businesses, to attract Money, expansion for such enterprises of access to purchases of some customers, support of investment projects. Priority areas for guarantee support are agriculture, construction, manufacturing, transport and communications, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water, as well as import-substituting products. Applications worth up to 69 billion rubles are currently being processed. Until the end of 2016, it is planned to allocate guarantees in the amount of 65 billion rubles. Since April 2016, the corporation has owned 100% of JSC "SME Bank" (provides guarantees for projects worth up to 50 million rubles).

Braverman Alexander Arnoldovich

Private bussiness

Born on May 1, 1954 in Kharkov (Ukraine). In 1981 he graduated from the Kharkov Institute of Engineering and Economics, then postgraduate studies at the Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology (MITHT). He worked at the Moscow Cable Plant, taught at MITHT. In 1995-1997 - President of the Russian Marketing Association, Chairman of the Scientific and Advisory Council of the State Property Committee. Since 1996 - Member of the Board of the State Property Committee, Member of the Board of the RFBR. In 1997-1999 - First Deputy Head of the State Property Committee, then the Ministry of State Property. In January-March 1999, he served as minister. Since 2000 - First Deputy Minister of Property Relations, Secretary of State. In 2004, he became an adviser to the Minister of Economic Development and Trade German Gref. In 2006, he headed the Commission for the Development of the Affordable Housing Market under the Presidential Council for the Implementation of Priority national projects. In August 2008, he was appointed General Director of the RHD Foundation. Since October 2015 - Head of the Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises.