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Brief historical information about the history of machine tool building. Development of the machine tool industry in Russia: analysis and development prospects Tools used in grinding

When discussions of the prospects or the current state of industry in Russia begin, the question will certainly touch on machine tools and machine tool building. Examples will be given that all the rises in production in the USSR and Russia were on imported equipment, and also that now it is all worn out and the industry is practically over.

If we add here Western sanctions, which will ban the supply of Western equipment at any time, then the picture is not at all cheerful.

However, if we take a closer look at this industry, then there is still a positive:

The volume of production of machine tools in Russia:

2012 - about 3 billion rubles;
2013 - about 3.5 billion rubles;
2014 - about 4 billion rubles;
2015 - about 7 billion rubles.

New productions launched in recent years:

1. A new workshop for the production of machine tools was opened in Tryokhgorny

At the site of the new workshop in Tryokhgorny, several types of the most popular milling, turning and other types of machine tools for mechanical engineering will be produced, which, in their technological characteristics are not inferior to foreign analogues at a significantly lower price. Volume of investments: more than 1 billion rubles.

2. "Production complex" Akhtuba "opened a modernized workshop for the production of machine tools with numerical control

The grand opening of the renovated section of the mechanical assembly production of machine tools with numerical control took place at JSC "Production Complex" Akhtuba ".

3. A factory for the production of oilfield equipment and tools was opened in Kurgan

On August 1, a plant for the production of oilfield equipment and tools was opened in Kurgan. The construction of the plant was made possible thanks to the joint efforts of the American company Varel International (Varel International) and its Russian partner NewTech Services (New Tech Services) from Moscow.

In total, more than 446 million rubles were invested in production. The enterprise will create more than 60 jobs.

4. A new workshop for the production of progressive cutting tools was opened at OAO Votkinsky Zavod (Udmurtia). Production is import-substituting.

The new workshop will fully meet the needs of this equipment, significantly increase the cutting speed and increase productivity. Estimated output of tools - 50,000 pieces per year.

5. In the Vladimir region, at JSC "Kovrovsky Electromechanical Plant", an assembly plant for machine tools of the Japanese company TAKISAWA was opened.

Takisawa transfers to Kovrov Electromechanical Plant the right to use technical information for the assembly, sale, commissioning and maintenance of CNC lathes model TS-4000 in Russia and the CIS countries.

At the first stage, the volume of production can be up to 600 units per year, later - in cooperation with the machine-tool enterprises of the region - up to 1,700 units.

6. A ceremony dedicated to the release of the first Russian machine tools of the German-Japanese concern "DMG Mori Seiki" took place in Ulyanovsk.

Ulyanovsk Machine Tool Plant LLC has launched the assembly of the first SIEMENS numerically controlled machine tools of the latest ECOLINE design series. So far, the assembly is being carried out on leased areas. By the end of 2014, about 100 machines will be assembled here.

The construction of a plant worth 3.2 billion rubles is underway. When the enterprise reaches full capacity, the number of machines produced will be 1000 pcs. in year. It is planned to create 200 jobs.

7. In Tatarstan, on the territory of the SEZ "Alabuga" the opening of a new plant of the Russian company "Interskol" took place

The Interskol-Alabuga plant will provide up to 40% import substitution in the power tool industry. The volume of investments in the first stage of the plant amounted to 1.5 billion rubles. Currently, the plant employs 200 people.

In 2015, it is planned to complete the construction of the second stage of the plant, and by the end of 2017 to put into operation the third stage. In addition to electric tools, small-scale mechanization of production, welding machines, compressors and much more will be produced here. A total of 2,000 jobs are planned to be created.

8. In Ulyanovsk, in the Zavolzhye industrial park, a new plant for the production of machine tools was opened.

Investments of the German-Japanese concern DMG MORI amounted to 3 billion rubles. By 2018, the enterprise will create 250 jobs. It is planned that the localization of production will be 50%.

The plant will produce three types of machines of the ecoline series: machines for turning, milling and milling vertical machining centers. the production capacity of the plant is 1,200 machines with the possibility of increasing production to 1,500-2,000 machines per year.

9. Small-scale production of turning machining centers JSC Joint Technological Enterprise Perm Plant of Metalworking Centers (Perm)

On November 27, in the microdistrict Novye Lyady, a presentation of the assembly site for small-scale production of the turning series of metalworking equipment of JSC "Joint Technological Enterprise" Perm Plant of Metalworking Centers "(JSC" STP "PZMTs") took place.

Representatives of 29 machine-building enterprises of Russia took part in the presentation: representatives of top management and technical specialists of the enterprises of Roskosmos, the United Engine Corporation, the Perm Machine-Building Complex, OJSC Leningrad Mechanical Plant named after K. Liebknecht, Voronezh Mechanical Plant, JSC Rocket and Space Center Progress "(Samara), OJSC "Votkinsky Plant", OJSC "Turbina" (Chelyabinsk).

The guests visited the GTPP assembly shop of Proton-PM PJSC, where the small-scale production of Proton T500 and Proton T630 machine tools is located, and also saw the process of processing a heat-resistant alloy part. The capacities of this production site allow to produce up to 50 machines per year.

10. Assembly production of Genos L lathes of the Ural Machine-Building Corporation Pumori (Ekaterinbrug)

Ural Machine-Building Corporation "Pumori" solemnly opened in Yekaterinburg on the basis of the company "Pumori-engineering invest" serial production of metal-cutting machining centers "Okuma-Pumori" (Russia-Japan)

The plan for 2016 is 40 machines with a subsequent annual increase to 120 by 2020. Now localization is more than 30%, from 2018 it should exceed 70%. Economic sanctions hinder full cooperation.

11. Plant for the production of metal-cutting tools of the German company Guhring (Nizhny Novgorod)

The plant of the Güring company, one of the leaders in the production of metal cutting tools, opened in Nizhny Novgorod 21 July. The enterprise was built from scratch and has no analogues in Russia. Investments in the project amounted to 6 million euros. In the future, the plant will create more than a hundred additional jobs.

Investments in the project amounted to 6 million euros.

The enterprise, which has no analogues in Russia yet, is intended for the production of tools special purpose, which was previously imported from Germany. Also provided are small standard rulers, axial tools with a diameter of 2.5 to 32 mm - drills, cutters and much more.

prospects

A Russian-Chinese enterprise for the production of high-precision metalworking machine tools will be created in the Moscow Region. The total investment in 2016-2017 in the project for the production of high-precision machine tools and CNC machining centers exceeds 110 million euros. The enterprise will start operating in the Leninsky district of the Moscow region in 2017.

One of the projects planned for implementation under the special investment contract is a joint venture between the Ulyanovsk Machine Tool Plant and the German-Japanese concern DMG MORI SEIKI; The project provides for the production of a wide range of turning and milling machining centers with an output of more than 1,000 machines per year by 2017. The project provides for the creation of an engineering center for personnel training, as well as the development of new models of metal-cutting equipment in Russia.

The project of MTE Kovosvit Mas LLC provides for the creation by 2018 of a modern high-tech production of metalworking machine tools for turning and milling groups, as well as multifunctional metalworking centers of the Kovosvit company (Czech Republic). The area of the plant will be 33 thousand m2.

sources

INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE SCIENCE

CONNECT LECTURES

The first information about the metal-cutting machine belongs to the 3rd century BC. So Archimedes, the famous scientist of the ancient world, in the description of the device for astronomical measurements mentions “... a small cylinder turned on a lathe”. Since then, cutting technology has gone through a long and difficult path of development - from primitive manual to the most complex automated machining, the level of which is determined by the general level of technology and is characterized by the accuracy of the resulting products and productivity.

Machine tool building, as a branch of industry, is the basis of mechanical engineering, since metal-cutting machines are the tools of production, through which the vast majority of parts of various machines and devices are made. Machine tool building is probably the most diverse branch of technology. Here you can find machines - giants, whose desktops are comparable to the theater stage, and machines - babies, the entire shift production of which can be placed in the palm of your hand. For example, at the Kramatorsk Machine-Building Plant (Ukraine) a lathe for processing parts with a length of more than 30 meters, and at the Kolomna Heavy Machine Tool Plant ( the Russian Federation) - a rotary machine for processing parts with a diameter of up to 16 meters and a gear-cutting machine for cutting gears with a diameter of up to 8 meters and a module of up to 50 millimeters. Longitudinal milling machines are known for processing basic body parts of various machines, 12 meters long and 4 meters wide. In almost every watch workshop you can find a portable lathe that fits in a small suitcase.

The archives of the Tula Arms Plant preserved old drawings dating back to 1677 and a description of a horse-driven “drilling hut” - an installation for reaming cannon barrels. This is probably the oldest working design of a metal cutting machine. Until now, two lathes have been preserved, created around 1700 by the Russian turner A. Nartov. One of them is an exhibit of the Hermitage in St. Petersburg (Russia), and the other is an exhibit of the Paris Museum (France). Built by A. Nartov in 1712, a lathe with a caliper - tool holder, in fact, was the first machine that could be mass-produced. However, at that time, the Russian Empire, like other developed countries, was not ready to create a machine-tool industry of mechanical engineering.

M. Sidorov, a contemporary of A. Nartov, in 1714 manufactured a multi-position machine for simultaneous drilling of 24 gun barrels. And a year later, Ya. Batishchev created the first honing machine, as they said then, for the simultaneous finishing of 12 barrels. This machine carried out the reciprocating and rotational movement of the tool using a ratchet mechanism. Both machines were very successful and worked for more than 100 years.

The Russian mechanic I. Polzunov was 20 years ahead of the Englishman D. White, having built the first steam engine in Barnaul in 1765. Together with his students, he made tools and created machines for turning steam cylinders 3 meters long.

Machine tool industry as an industry industrial production appeared at the end of the 18th century in England as a result of the industrial revolution. The ancestor of the industry is the English blacksmith G. Maudsley, who in 1794 manufactured his first lathe with a cross support, repeating, as often happens, the support invented at the beginning of the century. Having organized his business and received patents for a screw-cutting lathe with interchangeable lead screws (1798) and a guitar of interchangeable gears (1800), he began to produce on an industrial basis metal-cutting machines (MPC), then called processing machines. It produced screw-cutting lathes, cutting machines with a pendulum saw, drilling, slotting, cross-planing, boring, gear-cutting and a number of modifications of milling machines. The machines produced by G. Mondsley were used in production until the end of the 19th century.

In the Russian Empire, all the insignificant need for MRS was met mainly through imports. The first plant to start manufacturing machine tools was Byrd's plant in St. Petersburg, built back in 1790. By 1913 (the year of the industrial boom), the entire machine-building industry of the empire had a fleet of 75,000 MRS, mostly simple ones. By this time, there were only 3 machine-tool plants that produced only 1.5 thousand MRS of 3 models for the entire 1913.

Until the end of the 19th century, machine tool drives in machine shops were carried out from group transmissions that received rotational energy from a steam engine. The development of electrical engineering forced the steam engine out of the machine shops. And at the beginning of the 20th century, machines began to be equipped with individual electric motors.

In the Soviet Union, the decision to organize machine tool building as a specialized industry was made in 1934. This decision marked the beginning of machine tool building in Belarus as well. And already in 1937, at one of the converted machine-building plants, the first Belarusian machine was produced - a turret-turning machine for bar work. The firstborn of machine tool building in Belarus began to be called the Minsk Machine Tool Plant named after the October Revolution. Its modern longitudinal milling machines are in stable demand in countries with developed mechanical engineering.

The intensive growth in the series and variety of manufactured machines and units in a number of branches of engineering has created objective prerequisites for the creation of machine tools with an automatic processing cycle. As a result, at the end of the first half of the 20th century, the production of machine tools was launched - automatic turning groups for processing parts such as bodies of revolution from bar stock, and then semi-automatic machines for processing parts from individual workpieces. This type of machine is equipped with an automatic control system, made in the form of a camshaft carrying cams that control executive bodies machine tools.

In the same period, for the automotive and tractor industry, characterized by large-scale and mass production, the development and production of specialized aggregate machines for processing body parts began. The creation of such machines became possible due to the development of the principle of modular design and, on this basis, the production of machine tools from unified nodes and details. The automatic processing cycle on modular machines is provided by the cyclic control system developed for them. These machines, due to the concentration of operations and the combination of transitions, provide a significant increase in productivity in mass production compared to universal machines.

In 1947, Professor B. Balakshin (Moscow Machine Tool Institute) was the first in world practice to formulate the general principles of adaptive control of machine tools using the example of turning, minimizing the influence of random external factors- uneven workpiece allowance and microhardness of its surface during turning for machining accuracy. The research carried out by him and his students in this direction became the foundation for the creation of self-regulating machine tool systems.

The development of cybernetics and the creation of computers based on large integrated circuits led to the creation of numerical control systems (CNC) and, on this basis, a new class of machine tools - multi-operational machines, or machining centers. The first searches in this direction were started in 1943 in the USA, when, on the instructions of the aviation industry, a number of firms began designing a CNC multi-operation machine tool and a tool magazine for processing body parts. The first machine tool was manufactured in 1947. At the same time, a system for preparing control programs was developed. Later, other countries with a developed machine tool industry began work in this area of machine tool building.

Based on the initial experience in the production of CNC machines, it was argued that their release due to high cost economically impractical. However, subsequently, the experience of using machines of this class showed the fallacy of this statement. Multi-operation CNC machines allow for one installation to perform as many operations and transitions as they were previously performed at all positions of automatic lines from universal machines. Modern diversified production is characterized by a rapid change in engineering products. Therefore, for its manufacture it is necessary new type automatic lines - flexible quick-adjustable production systems (HPS), controlled from a computer. The basis of such systems are flexible production modules (FPM) based on multi-operation CNC machines.

Machining, despite the presence of significant metal waste in the form of chips, retains a dominant position among all known methods processing. With a slight decrease in its specific gravity due to the replacement of the cutting tool with physical phenomena, the absolute volume of shaping machining with chip removal will increase. This is explained by the fact that machining is the least energy-intensive and most economical process for obtaining products of the required quality. This provision applies even more to machine tools. So the discovery of the electroerosive phenomenon, defended in the USSR in 1947 by the corresponding diploma under No. 1, led to the creation of another new direction in machine tool building - the production of electroerosive machines used for processing hard-to-cut materials, including non-metallic ones.

In countries with developed mechanical engineering, there are 5.5-7 times more metal-cutting machines in the technological park of processing machines than press-forging machines, which occupy the second place in terms of the total number. It is predicted that in the foreseeable future this ratio will not be less than 5.

Belarus is one of the countries with a developed machine tool industry. The factories of this industry are located in all regions of the republic. It produces gear, milling, grinding, drilling and aggregate machines, multi-operational CNC machines, tool production machines, specialized machines for the bearing industry, machines for processing optical materials, woodworking machinery. A number of factories produce cutting and measuring tools, technological equipment for the industry.

A significant contribution to the science of metal-cutting machine tools and the development of domestic machine tool building is made by the relevant departments of universities in Belarus, including the Department of Metal-cutting Machine Tools and Tools of Polotsk State University.

Various issues of design and research of machine tools, reviews of achievements in the world machine tool industry are covered in monographs and periodicals "Machine tools and tools" (Russia), "News of universities, a series of Mechanical engineering" (Russia), "Mashinostroitel" (Russia), "Technology of mechanical engineering" ( Russia), “Theory and Practice of Mechanical Engineering” (Belarus), in scientific works of universities, including in the journal “Bulletin of the Polotsk State University, series B, Applied Sciences”, in journals published in foreign countries.

Machine-tool and tool industry - branches of engineering that create for all industries metalworking and woodworking machines, automatic and semi-automatic lines, complex-automatic production for the manufacture of machines, equipment and products from metal and other structural materials, forging and pressing, foundry and woodworking equipment. Machine tool building is a mirror of the development of mechanical engineering, and the development of this industry can largely be judged on the development of the country's industrial potential.

Currently, there are about 100 enterprises in the machine-tool industry of Russia. In 2011, it was noted that, according to official data from the relevant ministries, the machine-tool industry of Russia includes 46 enterprises producing metal-cutting machines, 25 plants specializing in the manufacture of forging and pressing equipment, 29 manufacturers of cutting, measuring, metalwork and assembly tools, as well as seven scientific - research institutes and 45 design bureaus.

Among the Russian machine tool enterprises:

NPO "Machine Tool" (Sterlitamak)

Stankotekh (Kolomna)

Ivanovo Heavy Machine Tool Plant

RSZ (Ryazan)

Grinding Machines (Moscow)

Astrakhan Machine Tool Plant

Krasnodar Machine Tool Plant

Simbirsk Machine Tool Plant (Ulyanovsk)

Stangidromash (Samara)

Sasta (Ryazan region)

Lipetsk Machine Tool Enterprise

Stan-Samara

Volzhsky Machine-Building Plant (Tolyatti)

Middle Volga Machine Tool Plant (Samara)

Savelovsky Machine-Building Plant (Kimry)

VNIIInstrument (Moscow)

VSZ Technique (Vladimir)

VSZ - Salyut (Moscow)

Kirov-Stankomash (St. Petersburg)

St. Petersburg Precision Machine Tool Plant (St. Petersburg)

Ulyanovsk Plant of Heavy and Unique Machine Tools

Stankomashstroy (Penza)

Tver Machine Tool Plant

PKF "Stankoservis" (Ryazan)

KOVOSVIT

It is planned that regional machine tool clusters will be created in St. Petersburg, Tatarstan, Rostov, Ulyanovsk and Sverdlovsk regions. The main areas of their activity will be engineering and system integration in the field of machine-building technologies, the production of original Russian equipment, the design of modern production facilities, and the training of qualified personnel for the industry.

Holding "Stankoprom"

The Stankoprom holding was established in 2013 under the auspices of the state corporation Rostec as a system integrator of Russian machine-tool enterprises. It controls the import of equipment, combines foreign developments with Russian assembly, develops Russian R&D and implements them.

The holding was created on the basis of JSC RT-Stankoinstrument and JSC RT-Mashinostroenie and is their legal successor. Stankoprom has the status of the head organization of the Rostec State Corporation in the field of machine tool building and tool production. In 2014, the holding's consolidated assets were estimated at 15 billion rubles. The planned investments are about 30 billion rubles, of which 5.5 billion rubles are own financial resources, and 11 billion rubles are private investments and bank loans in a ratio of 50 to 50. strategic objective holding "Stankoprom" is a long-term provision of technological independence and competitiveness of the Russian engineering industry through the creation of competitive domestic means of engineering production. The holding aims to achieve by 2020 the share of domestic metal-cutting machine tools in 70%, while the holding may become the only supplier of machine tools for defense enterprises.

2011

By 2011, Russia ranked 21st among countries in the world in terms of machine tool production.

year 2012

In 2012, 3,321 metal-cutting machines and 4,270 woodworking machines were produced in Russia.

In January 2012, one of the world leaders in the machine tool industry, the German company Gildemeister, acquired a land plot in Ulyanovsk for the construction of a plant for the production of high-precision machine tools for metalworking. On October 23 of the same year, the construction of the plant began. It is planned that the plant will produce up to 1000 machines per year.

year 2013

In 2013, 180 enterprises that are members of the Stankoinstrument Association produced products worth 26.6 billion rubles.

In October 2013, the government of the Rostov region signed a cooperation agreement with the leadership of Vnesheconombank, according to which this development institution becomes the main creditor of the project to create a machine-tool cluster in the region based on the Azov forging and pressing equipment plant Donpressmash. According to Alexander Grebenshchikov, Minister of Industry and Energy of the Rostov Region, the total cost of the project is 2.3 billion rubles. The anchor investor of the cluster is MTE Kovosvit MAS, a joint machine tool company established on a parity basis in July 2012 by the Russian MTE group and the Czech Kovosvit MAS a.s., one of the leading European manufacturers of turning and milling machines, machining centers and technical solutions.

year 2014

In 2014, structural changes began in the range of products manufactured by Russian machine-tool enterprises, characterized by an increase in the production of equipment with numerical control (CNC) and machining centers, which increases the share of science-intensive products and has a positive effect on the added value of manufactured products.

2015

In 2015, the production of machine tools at the enterprises of the Stankoinstrument Association amounted to 1873 units. or 172.8% to the level of 2014. Individual enterprises of the Association showed more than 2-fold growth compared to 2014 (JSC Stankotekh, Kolomna - 273%, LLC NPO Machine Tool Building, Sterlitamak - 243%).

In 2015, one of the significant events for the industry was the formation of a major private player in the machine tool market - the STAN company, which mainly included the assets of the largest Russian enterprises, including heavy machine tools: Ivanovo Heavy Machine Tool Plant LLC (Ivanovo) , Stankotekh JSC / KZTS CJSC (Kolomna), Ryazan Machine Tool Plant LLC (Ryazan), NPO Machine Building LLC (Sterlitamak), as well as Grinding Machines LLC (Ryazan). Moscow).

On November 11, 2015, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich said: “Just yesterday, we discussed in the government the issues of machine tool building, an industry that has long remained outside the scope of an active industrial policy. In the last year, the policy has become purposeful, the machine tool industry comes to the fore. Of course, today the military-industrial complex is the driver of demand for machine tool products, and a significant amount of resources spent on the implementation of the defense industry program is formed simply for our machine tool plants, they have begun to use this: holdings are already being created that unite our leading machine tool enterprises. One example is the STAN holding company, which already unites four large enterprises. It produces high-quality products that are absolutely comparable to foreign analogues, and it does it faster, and, moreover, it is competitive in price.”

2016

In March 2016, Russian-Japanese mass production with a capacity of 120 CNC machines per year was opened in Yekaterinburg.

prospects

Kovrov Electromechanical Plant, together with the Japanese manufacturer TAKISAWA, is localizing the production of a new generation of turning and milling machining centers.

The volume of production of machine tools in Russia:

2012 - about 3 billion rubles;

2013 - about 3.5 billion rubles;

2014 - about 4 billion rubles;

2015 - about 7 billion rubles.

New productions launched from 2011 to 2017

1. A new workshop for the production of machine tools was opened in Tryokhgorny
At the site of the new workshop in Tryokhgorny, several types of the most popular milling, turning and other types of machine tools for mechanical engineering will be produced, which, in terms of their technological characteristics, are not inferior to foreign counterparts at a significantly lower price. Volume of investments: more than 1 billion rubles.

2. "Production complex" Akhtuba "opened a modernized workshop for the production of machine tools with numerical control
The grand opening of the renovated section of the mechanical assembly production of machine tools with numerical control took place at JSC "Production Complex" Akhtuba ".

3. A factory for the production of oilfield equipment and tools was opened in Kurgan
On August 1, a plant for the production of oilfield equipment and tools was opened in Kurgan. The construction of the plant was made possible thanks to the joint efforts of the American company Varel International (Varel International) and its Russian partner NewTech Services (New Tech Services) from Moscow.

In total, more than 446 million rubles were invested in production. The enterprise will create more than 60 jobs.

4. A new workshop for the production of progressive cutting tools was opened at OAO Votkinsky Zavod (Udmurtia). Production is import-substituting.

According to the head of the enterprise, this workshop is the first and so far the only one in Russia. The plant has 525 CNC machines, including more than 100 machining centers, including 52 high-speed ones.
The new workshop will fully meet the needs of this equipment, significantly increase the cutting speed and increase productivity. Estimated output of the tool is 50,000 pieces per year.

5. In the Vladimir region, at JSC "Kovrovsky Electromechanical Plant", an assembly plant for machine tools of the Japanese company TAKISAWA was opened.
Takisawa transfers to Kovrov Electromechanical Plant the right to use technical information for the assembly, sale, commissioning and maintenance of CNC lathes model TS-4000 in Russia and the CIS countries.
At the first stage, the volume of production can be up to 600 units per year, later - in cooperation with the machine-tool enterprises of the region - up to 1700 units.

6. A ceremony dedicated to the release of the first Russian machine tools of the German-Japanese concern "DMG Mori Seiki" took place in Ulyanovsk.
Ulyanovsk Machine Tool Plant LLC has launched the assembly of the first SIEMENS numerically controlled machine tools of the latest ECOLINE design series. So far, the assembly is being carried out on leased areas. By the end of 2014, about 100 machines will be assembled here.
The construction of a plant worth 3.2 billion rubles is underway. When the enterprise reaches full capacity, the number of machines produced will be 1000 pcs. in year. It is planned to create 200 jobs.

7. In Tatarstan, on the territory of the SEZ "Alabuga" the opening of a new plant of the Russian company "Interskol" took place
The Interskol-Alabuga plant will provide up to 40% import substitution in the power tool industry. The volume of investments in the first stage of the plant amounted to 1.5 billion rubles. Currently, the plant employs 200 people.
In 2015, it is planned to complete the construction of the second stage of the plant, and by the end of 2017 to put into operation the third stage. In addition to electric tools, small-scale mechanization of production, welding machines, compressors and much more will be produced here. A total of 2,000 jobs are planned to be created.

8. In Ulyanovsk, in the Zavolzhye industrial park, a new plant for the production of machine tools was opened.
Investments of the German-Japanese concern DMG MORI amounted to 3 billion rubles. By 2018, the enterprise will create 250 jobs. It is planned that the localization of production will be 50%.
The plant will produce three types of machines of the ecoline series: machines for turning, milling and milling vertical machining centers. the production capacity of the plant is 1,200 machines with the possibility of increasing production up to 1500 - 2000 machines per year.

9. Small-scale production of turning machining centers JSC Joint Technological Enterprise Perm Plant of Metalworking Centers (Perm)
On November 27, in the microdistrict Novye Lyady, a presentation of the assembly site for small-scale production of the turning series of metalworking equipment of JSC "Joint Technological Enterprise" Perm Plant of Metalworking Centers "(JSC" STP "PZMTs") took place.
Representatives of 29 machine-building enterprises of Russia took part in the presentation: representatives of top management and technical specialists of the enterprises of Roskosmos, the United Engine Corporation, the Perm Machine-Building Complex, OJSC Leningrad Mechanical Plant named after K. Liebknecht, Voronezh Mechanical Plant, JSC Rocket and Space Center Progress "(Samara), OJSC "Votkinsky Plant", OJSC "Turbina" (Chelyabinsk).
The guests visited the GTPP assembly shop of Proton-PM PJSC, where the small-scale production of Proton T500 and Proton T630 machine tools is located, and also saw the process of processing a heat-resistant alloy part. The capacities of this production site allow to produce up to 50 machines per year.

10. Assembly production of Genos L lathes of the Ural Machine-Building Corporation Pumori (Ekaterinbrug)
Ural Machine-Building Corporation "Pumori" solemnly opened in Yekaterinburg on the basis of the company "Pumori-engineering invest" serial production of metal-cutting machining centers "Okuma-Pumori" (Russia-Japan)
The plan for 2016 is 40 machines with a subsequent annual increase to 120 by 2020. Now localization is more than 30%, from 2018 it should exceed 70%. Economic sanctions hinder full cooperation.

11. Plant for the production of metal-cutting tools of the German company Guhring (Nizhny Novgorod)
The plant of the Guering company, one of the leaders in the production of metal-cutting tools, opened in Nizhny Novgorod on July 21. The enterprise was built from scratch and has no analogues in Russia. Investments in the project amounted to 6 million euros. In the future, the plant will create more than a hundred additional jobs.
Investments in the project amounted to 6 million euros.
The enterprise, which has no analogues in Russia yet, is intended for the production of special-purpose tools, which were previously imported from Germany. Also provided are small standard rulers, axial tools with a diameter of 2.5 to 32 mm - drills, cutters and much more.

The continuously increasing importance of machines in all branches of production caused the rapid development of machine tool building - the technical base of the entire machine-building industry. Metalworking machine tools were the basis for the production of machines by machines. Their purpose is the processing of various metal blanks in order to obtain parts of a certain configuration, with specified dimensions, shape and quality. The larger the scale of machine production, the more mass production of parts should be, the more perfect and productive should be the machines that ensure the processing of the necessary parts. The mechanical support, originally used for lathes and screw-cutting lathes, was later turned into a very perfect mechanism and transferred in a modernized form to many machines intended for the manufacture of machines.

With the improvement of the mechanical support, gear system, feed mechanism, clamping devices and some other structural elements kinematic scheme machine tools are becoming more and more advanced machines. In the 70s of the XIX century. mechanical engineering already had the main working machines, which made it possible to mechanically perform the most important metalworking operations.

An outstanding role in the development of machine tool building was played by the machine-building plant created by Henry Model. In essence, it was a real school of mechanical engineers who developed the progressive technical traditions of the founder of the English machine tool industry. Here such prominent designers, researchers and inventors in the field of mechanical engineering as D. Whitworth, R. Roberts, D. Nesmith, D. Clement, E. Whitney and others began their work and creative activity. a machine system of production was already used: transmissions connected a large number of working machines set in motion by a universal heat engine. This plant initially manufactured parts for steam engines, and later produced turning, planing and other mechanical machines. Following the model of the G. Model plant (later the Maudslay and Field plant), many machine-building enterprises began to be created.

The leading position in the world machine tool industry was occupied by the factories of Nasmyth, Whitworth, Sharp and Robert in England, S. Sellers", "Pratt and Whitney", "Brawn and Sharp" in the USA. In the 70-90s, American enterprises, having mastered the production of new types of machine tools (turning-turret, universal-milling, rotary, boring, grinding), began to technically outstrip the English machine tool industry. In Germany, the production of machine tools began to develop mainly from the 60s - 70s of the XIX century. The companies "Reinecker", "Schiss", "Heimer und Pielz", "Waldrich", "Weisser" and others arose here.

In Russia, machine tools for weapons production (turning, drilling, milling, thread-cutting, broaching, grinding, polishing) were manufactured at the Tula Arms Plant. In the future, such machines began to build Izhevsk, Sestroretsk, Lugansk plants. Founded in Moscow plant br. Bromley (now "Red Proletarian") became the first Russian specialized machine-tool plant; at the All-Russian Exhibition in St. Petersburg in 1870, he exhibited several original machines: radial drilling, longitudinal planing, cross planing. At the Polytechnic Exhibition in Moscow in 1872, the plant received a gold medal for the exhibited planer and wheel lathes. In 1900, the factory br. Bromley successfully demonstrated his products at the World Industrial Exhibition in Paris. Other machine-tool enterprises also appeared in Russia: Felzer in Riga, Phoenix in St. Petersburg, Shtoll and Weichelt in Moscow, plant br. Maminykh in Balakovo, "Stol" in Voronezh, Grachev's and Dobrov's factories in Moscow. However, in general, the production of machine tools in Russia was insignificant even in the 900s; it did not satisfy the needs of the developing industry either in terms of quantity or technical level. This was the reason for the significant import of foreign machine tools for Russian factories and factories.

World machine tool industry in the last third of the 19th century. had five main types of metal-cutting machines. The predominant part of the machine park was made up of lathes, which were used to process the outer and inner surfaces of bodies of revolution. On lathes, they turned smooth and stepped shafts, cones, balls, various shaped surfaces, bored cylinders, holes, and cut threads. The second large group consisted of drilling machines designed for drilling and processing holes, as well as for boring and threading. Planing machines, divided into horizontal and vertical (grooving), were used to process flat surfaces of products. The use of milling machines for processing the outer and inner surfaces of especially precise parts, as well as for obtaining shaped products, expanded. Finally, the fifth group of metalworking equipment consisted of grinding machines, on which parts of various shapes were finished using abrasive materials and tools.

In turn, specialized types of machine tools were differentiated by the nature of the work performed in manufacturing process technological operations. There are machines designed to perform one specific or several similar operations. So, in the group of universal lathes, a specialized machine appeared for boring long cylindrical and hollow products (such as gun barrels and propeller shafts). A horizontal boring machine was created, designed for precise boring of internal surfaces. The specifics of processing large parts of small length and large diameter caused the appearance of lathes. For heavy, large-sized products that are difficult to install on conventional lathes, vertical lathes are created. A prominent role in metalworking begins to play turret lathes, equipped with a special turret, in which various cutting tools are fixed. Some turret-type machines allowed up to 12-16 tools to be installed in one head.

Other types of machines are also differentiated. Of the drilling machines, radial drilling machines stand out, designed for drilling and subsequent processing of holes in large-sized parts that cannot be installed on conventional drilling machines. For planing the planes of large body parts (such as frames, beds, machine bodies), powerful longitudinal planing machines with a moving table 3-4 m long or more are created. Longitudinal and rotary milling machines appear, which allow processing several massive parts at the same time. Along with conventional grinding machines, circular grinding machines are being designed for external grinding, for internal grinding, etc. Equipment specially designed for cutting teeth in gear wheels is being created: gear hobbing, gear shaping, gear planing machines. The complication of machine parts and the specialization of metalworking lead to the emergence of spline milling, keyway milling, broaching, honing and other special machines.

In parallel with the development of metal-cutting equipment, there was a process of technical improvement of other types of machine tools designed for metal processing. Thus, the need to obtain large metal blanks caused the design and construction of giant machines for forging and pressing metal products. In the 70-80s, steam hammers with a mass of falling parts of 50-75 tons worked at the Krupp factories in Germany. In 1891, a huge hammer with a mass of the working part of 125 tons was built in the USA. The height of this giant was 27.5 m, and the anvil weighed 475 tons; from the blows of the machine during its operation, the nearby factory buildings and buildings shuddered. The difficulties of operating giant hammers led to the spread of powerful hydraulic presses at machine-building plants for the production of large forgings. At work force hydraulic press 10 thousand tons, it replaces a hammer with a mass of falling parts up to 500 tons (the construction and use of such a hammer would be extremely difficult). Without powerful hydraulic presses, it would have been impossible to build many giant machines, in which individual parts weighed tens or more tons.

Increasing the productivity of metalworking equipment required the greatest possible mechanization of the main and auxiliary operations, and the reduction of unproductive time. At the same time, the narrowing of the functions of machine tools led directly to the simplification of the operations they performed and thus created favorable conditions for the introduction of automatic processes. Semi-automatic and automatic machines were created, in which the supply of the cutting tool in working position, the supply of the tool and its retraction after work to its original position were performed automatically, without human intervention.

The first automated machines were woodworking machines, designed in the USA by K. Wipple and T. Sloan. One of the first metal-cutting machines was created by the American X. Spencer in 1873 on the basis of a revolving machine. Cams and a camshaft are used as a control device in this machine. The automatic machines of the Cleveland system that appeared in the 70-80s had devices for thread rolling, for fast drilling of holes, cutting slots, and milling four planes. Automata of the Brawn and Sharp system, etc., also became widespread.

The technical progress of the machine tool industry led to the creation in the 90s of the XIX century. multi-spindle automatic machines; their appearance was caused by the desire to maximize the number of simultaneously working tools and thereby increase the productivity of the machine by combining operations. In multi-spindle machines, dozens of shaped-cutting, through-line and axial tools could be included in the work. However, during this period, machines of this type were not yet widely used.

The growth in the volume of metalworking made it necessary to revise all previously existing means of cutting metals and caused their significant improvement. The invention of high-speed steel in the early 900s, which marked a major progress in tool production, had a particularly strong effect on the development of machining technology. This steel, first proposed in 1898 by the Americans Taylor and White, was called high-speed steel for its ability to maintain cutting properties at high cutting speeds.

Cutters made of high speed steel were first demonstrated at the World Industrial Exhibition in Paris in 1900. With the use of these cutters, the cutting speed was almost 5 times higher than the speeds allowed for cutters made of ordinary carbon steel. The addition of special alloying elements (manganese, chromium, tungsten) to steel significantly increased the hardness of the tool and its red hardness, i.e., the ability to maintain its working properties when heated during processing. The hardness of the new steel did not fall even when heated to red heat (at a temperature of 600 ° C). Numerous experiments conducted in 1901-1906 led Taylor and White to the conclusion that the best high-speed alloy is steel with a content of 0.67% carbon, 18% tungsten, 5.47% chromium. 0.11% manganese, 0.29% vanadium and 0.043% silicon. High-speed steel of this composition was hardened by heating to a very high temperature (over 900 ° C), followed by rapid cooling in water. Tools made from high speed steel soon became widespread.

Even greater hardness and wear resistance were given to the cutting tool by hard alloys, in which carbides of alloying elements - tungsten, molybdenum and chromium formed the basis of the working part of the tool. In 1907, the Englishman Haynes was granted a patent for a hard alloy made of cast carbides, which he called "stellite". In subsequent years, other hard alloys of this type were also created, which, however, did not receive wide distribution at that time, since they were very brittle with high hardness and red hardness.

The use of tools made of high-speed steel and hard alloys led to a gradual change in the design of equipment, to the emergence of the so-called "quick cutting machines". To fully utilize the cutting properties of the new tools, machine tool designers had to provide greater cutting forces and faster speeds than with carbon steel cutters. More machine drive power, more speed steps, faster control and maintenance were required. Renowned technologist Prof. A. D. Gatsuk, in the preface to F. Taylor's book, wrote that the advent of high-speed steel opened a new era in mechanical business.

Technological progress in the field of metalworking and machine tool building was inextricably linked with a new field of theoretical and experimental research, which later constituted the theory of metal cutting.

The beginning of the scientific study of the processes of mechanical processing of metals was laid by the works of the famous Russian scientist, Professor I. A. Time. His studies of the chip formation process in the 60-80s at different feeds and cutting speeds made it possible to identify a number of patterns of chipping and fracture of metal chips, to formulate the theoretical foundations of metal cutting and to establish some cutting laws.

The results of numerous studies by I. A. Time were presented in his original work “Resistance of metals and wood to cutting. The theory of cutting and its application to machine-tools" (1870). The main provisions of the theory of cutting were further developed by Thieme in his Memoir on the planing of metals, published in 1877 in Russian, French and German, and then in the fundamental two-volume work Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering. Questions of the mechanics of the cutting process and the dynamics of metalworking were studied in detail by prof. K. A. Zworykin. His book "The Work and Force Required to Separate Metal Chips" (1893) was a valuable addition to the works of I. A. Time and was an important contribution to technical literature. The problem of rational cutting of metals attracted the attention of a number of other Russian mechanical engineers: A. V. Gadolin, P. A. Afanasyev, and A. P. Gavrilenko. In Europe, the phenomena that occur during the cutting of metals were fruitfully studied by Clarinval, Coquilla, Jossel, Tresca (in France), Hart, Harting, Wiebe (in Germany), and others.

major role the work of the American engineer F. Taylor played in the development of the theory and practical methods of cutting metals. In the 1980s, he carried out mass experiments to determine the optimal cutting angles, cutter shapes, and metal cutting speeds. Based on almost 50 thousand experiments conducted over 26 years, it was found that each specific task includes up to twelve independent variables (metal quality, chip thickness, cutter cooling, etc.). Studying the dependence of cutting speed and tool life, analyzing the time spent on each operation, Taylor empirically and then theoretically established the most favorable cutting conditions in metalworking, which was of great practical importance for mechanical engineering. Since detailed calculations of cutting conditions proved to be quite laborious, Taylor and his co-workers created special "engine-building factories" with which machine operators could determine the necessary cutting conditions. Taylor's research, outlined in The Art of Cutting Metals, was then supplemented and summarized in his work on the basics of the organization of industrial enterprises, which later served as one of the justifications for the "sweatshop" system of organizing capitalist production.

An important feature of mechanical engineering in the late XIX - early XX century. there was an increase in the accuracy of the production of machines. This was largely due to the work of the famous English machine tool builder D. Whitworth, who introduced the principles and methods of precision work into mechanical engineering. Whitworth owns the invention of the first measuring machine; he introduced measuring gauges into the practice of mechanical engineering and achieved the ability to measure machined surfaces with an accuracy of hundredths, and later to thousandths of a millimeter. Whitworth gauges, which allowed for an accuracy of fitting machine parts of the order of one ten-thousandth of an inch, were already in the 80s and 90s an integral part of every major machine-building plant in Europe and America. In the last years of Whitworth's life, his enterprise could manufacture measuring machines that ensured accuracy to one millionth of an inch. At the Whitworth plant, the principles of standardization and interchangeability of threads on screws were first implemented, which subsequently found the widest application in mechanical engineering and became the basis for the creation of unified and standard machine parts and assemblies.

The manufacture of numerous parts and parts of machine equipment on specialized and high-performance metal-cutting machines in compliance with the methods of accurate measurements, on a solid basis of normals, standards and principles of interchangeability of parts, prepared the technical basis for the transition of mechanical engineering to serial and mass production of products.

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Machine tool building in Russia: inexorable statistics

The share of mechanical engineering in the volume of industrial production in Russia is 19.5%. For comparison: this indicator in Germany, Japan, the USA and other developed countries ranges from 39 to 45% (the share of machine tool building in the volume of the machine building industry). Back in 1990, the USSR ranked third in the world in terms of production and second in terms of consumption of machining equipment. Today Russia is on these indicators, respectively, on the 22nd and 17th places. Since 2002, the import of machining equipment has exceeded its domestic production. Russia's dependence on the supply of machine tools from abroad in 2006 amounted to 87%. In 2006, about 7 thousand units of metal-cutting machine tools and forging and pressing equipment were produced - 14.5 times less than in the RSFSR in 1990. In the structure of the world machine tool market, Russia has a share of 0.3%.

According to the Stankoinstrument Association, the stock of machining equipment, consisting mainly of domestic machine tools, has practically not been updated over the past 15 years, has decreased by 1 million units and today is about one and a half million units. More than 70% of the machine park has been in operation for over 15-20 years and is on the verge of complete physical deterioration.

The development of the machine tool industry is one of the most important factors in ensuring the modernization of Russian industry, however, the production of new machine tools necessary for a qualitative leap forward is seriously lagging behind market demands. The extremely low share of new generation machine tools with high productivity, accuracy and cleanliness does not allow Russian enterprises to produce competitive products with the current sharply rising costs of raw materials and energy.

Most of the 300 enterprises are in need of restructuring and diversification. Machine tool builders produce competitive products only in small volumes, this is a narrow line of equipment and a rather expensive product. The main income for enterprises is provided by the repair and modernization of old equipment (on average 80%), the share of their own new products is disproportionately small.

Nevertheless, at the same time, the annual demand of the industry is at least 50 thousand units of new machining equipment. As a result, domestic demand is met mainly by imports. In 2006, Russia's import dependence was already 87%! According to Stankoimport, the annual sales volume of machine tools in Russia is 1-1.5 billion dollars, while the share of domestic ones is no more than 1%.

Consumer preferences: not patriotic, but pragmatic
According to the analysis conducted by the experts of the Stankoinstrument Association, it became obvious that consumers prefer to buy imported equipment even if its analogues are produced in Russia.

The top five Western importers are traditionally strong manufacturers in this sector in Japan, Germany, China, Italy, South Korea. Slightly behind the Korean manufacturers Taiwan. Rounding out the list of leaders are the United States and Switzerland. We can specifically name the world manufacturers of machine tools: Yamazaki Mazak, Trumpf, Gildemeister AG, Amada, etc. Separately, we single out Siemens and Fanuc, whose incomes are unprecedentedly higher than those mentioned above.

The marketing service of the portal notes that the demand for machine tools during the period of economic growth in the early 2000s. clearly increased, but slightly (from 5 to 10%). The situation with large industrial enterprises is contradictory: some of them are implementing modernization projects, while others, on the contrary, do not show any noticeable interest in updating the equipment fleet. Small companies and large enterprises continue to purchase equipment - both new and used. In a medium-sized business environment, mobile machines for small workshops for folding, seaming, cutting are most in demand today. Thus, in the construction sector, there is a demand for simple machines with manual control. the site revealed the preferences of buyers from the construction sector: minimum energy consumption, low cost and ease of operation - so that even unskilled personnel can work for them. The most popular equipment of such manufacturing countries as China, Turkey, South Korea, Taiwan. Metal traders buy cutting and unwinding lines. Basically - Turkish production. European products are sold in single copies.

Also recently a popular direction among small industrial enterprises is the creation of centers for complex metalworking. As a rule, the technological core of such a center is laser technologies, which allow for integrated processing of a material in a fairly wide range: welding and surface treatment (thermal strengthening, alloying and surfacing, cutting and dimensional processing, cutting materials in blank production, marking and engraving, precision microwelding electronic components Such "laser studios" allow large machine builders to outsource a number of non-core technological operations, and therefore reduce costs.

Table 1 Technical and economic priorities of machine customers (in descending order).

Technical and Economic Priorities for US Machining Center Customers		Average priority, %
	Reliability
	Performance characteristics
	Machining accuracy
	Availability of spare parts
	Ability to resolve problems in a timely manner
	Availability of a system of factory maintenance of machine tools and technical support
	Ease of work on the machine and ease of access to it
	CNC system capabilities
	Availability in this region supplier service and technical support system
	Ease of machine operation
	Complete documentation supplied with the machines
	Processing cycle time and operation speed
	Possibility of telephone communication with the supplier
	Long warranty on the supplied machine
	Opportunity to train operators on the machine at the supplier
	Thermal stability of the machine
	Spare parts cost
	Supplier's financial stability
	Machine cost
	Installation of the machine by the supplier
	Technology Leadership
	Supplier relationship experience
	Assistance in installation and operation from factory engineers
	Ability to program the machine in the shop
	Highly qualified technical representatives of the supplier
	Machine delivery time
	Ensuring turnkey delivery
	The machine has a remote diagnostics system
	Wide supplier presence in the world
	Discounts from the supplier in the process of negotiating the purchase
	The supplier restores old machines of his production
	Appearance of the machine
	Supplier provides financing

Source ufastanki.ru

Buyers of machine tools are guided by such characteristics as the timeliness and accuracy of parts at low cost. Machine tools must be able to install electronic control systems, digital indication, and combine several machines into production lines.

According to experts, due to the increased requirements of consumers, modern machine tool industry is shifting from the production of individual specialized to multi-purpose machines that combine the maximum possible number of operations, to the creation of flexible, program-controlled machining centers with the possibility of subsequent production automation. Modern machines leading foreign companies provide tremendous performance with high accuracy. This approach significantly expands the capabilities of a serial model without its major reconstruction, eliminating the need to purchase special machines. Western machine tool concerns pay much attention to improving not only the mechanical part, but also the electronic part, as well as improving ergonomics and design.

Emelyan Zitser, head of advanced technologies department at Pumori-engineering-invest LLC (Yekaterinburg), emphasizes that the strategy of technological evolution is the creation of multifunctional machines with additional options that dramatically increase the capabilities of equipment for processing highly complex parts. Foreign leading companies are also improving the traditional technologies of three- and four-axis machining.

Global manufacturers are beginning to produce reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RPS / RMS), which, according to experts, will have a huge impact on the development of the industry as a whole. With a production capacity that adjusts to the needs of the material, adapting to its new functions, the new systems are more versatile. For the enterprise, a huge plus is obvious - the use of new technological processes of a higher level. It is necessary to satisfy the demand and the need for remote monitoring and control of equipment through networks remote access. In addition to improving the technologies used, changing the designs of metal-cutting machines, the need for complex processing of more and more complex parts on one machine is obvious. Single machine-tool complexes with laser and mechanical processing are needed.

The range of use of electrospark processing is expanding. There is a growing trend in the use of finishing and semi-finishing metal forming methods, since this process does not require chip removal. There will be a growing need for precision and high precision gear cutters for die/mould making and machining. Increasingly, equipment is equipped with linear motors, which ensures less noise and long-term accuracy of linear movements.

According to Arkady Yun, General Director of the Ural Center for Technological Development LLC (Yekaterinburg), the following trends in technological innovation can be traced: integration of a system for automation (robots, image processing, automated material flows); integration of processes and technologies, management based on the Internet; flexible equipment concepts; reconfigurable equipment using a modular construction principle; processing of new materials (combined ceramic fibers, hard-to-machine and heat-resistant alloys, etc.); rapid prototyping technologies and process modeling; miniaturization and microtechnologies; integrated surface treatment technologies at the level of nanoprocesses.

According to Aidar Galiullin, a technical specialist of Bashstankocenter Trade House (Ufa), practice shows that the expediency and necessity of using foreign machines exists to a greater extent where there is a need for high-precision processing or high productivity with a large volume of products. The products of our enterprise have a range of customers for domestic market, is aimed at high-quality processing and is traditionally in demand in specialized segments. For example, the machines of our company are in demand in mechanical engineering, focused on the production of products for the oil and gas industry, engine and aircraft construction, and special equipment.

The technical policy of the enterprise is aimed at continuous improvement of existing technologies, in particular, it aims to increase reliability and service life. Demanded today in the market and service. If we talk about the prospects of the domestic machine tool industry, then, probably, with the devaluation of the national currency, we should expect an expansion of import substitution processes in domestic engineering and metalworking, which will undoubtedly have a positive effect on domestic machine tool companies.

At the forefront of innovation

The high level of development of the design ideas of Western giants is annually given the opportunity to judge expositions with their participation at specialized industry exhibitions, where new machines are often demonstrated for the first time. A number of novelties in the field of metalworking were presented at the latest Mashex-2008 forum.

The German company KLAEGER has developed a special offer for users of band saws - models HBS 265 G and HBS 220. Band saws of the HBS series are Klaeger's sales leaders. They combine high performance, functionality and precision. The machines are compact - ideal for use in small businesses, in production shops, repair workshops. The standard equipment of these machines includes a swivel vice with the possibility of setting the cutting angle from 90° to 45°.

Band saws of the HBS-G series are equipped with a device for changing the cutting angle, with which it is possible to quickly change the position of the sawmill. Advantage: Regardless of the cutting angle, the workpiece remains stationary. The standard equipment of the HBS-G model includes a device for quickly changing the cutting angle from 90° to 30° (45°).

In addition, the standard equipment of both HBS machines and HBS-G machines includes: water cooling, stepless feed rate control, automatic lowering of the sawmill (accelerated), automatic shutdown of cutting; adjustable guide console; guide for the saw blade; bimetallic saw blade; saw blade tension control.

The latest know-how of the Japanese company "DAHLIH" - new models of column-type vertical milling machines for high-speed finishing and semi-finishing - MCV-510 and MCV-1200. The machines are designed for high-speed processing of parts such as molds, dies and other parts of general engineering, equipped with rolling guides, which ensures high speeds of fast movements and significantly reduces the total processing time. And a wide choice of the type and characteristics of the spindle drive, elements of additional equipment makes it possible to complete the machine that fully meets the needs of a particular production.

However, the Russian machine tool industry has by no means left the global arena of competition, keeps abreast of global trends and works in various innovative areas. Experts see the most promising way for the development of domestic enterprises for the production of modern equipment: transformation into assembly plants with mechanical processing of only the defining details of assemblies and know-how in design developments.

According to Emelyan Zitser, Head of Advanced Technologies Department of Pumori-engineering-invest LLC (Yekaterinburg), in terms of quality and manufacturability, the developments of Sterlitamak Machine-Tool Plant OJSC (universal machines for complex processing) are approaching world standards; Ryazan Machine Tool Plant SASTA OJSC (development of precision turning equipment; production of high-precision CNC machines with an operational control system with rolling guides.)

Leading machine tool factories are also introducing progressive innovative developments, using the modular principle, industrial cooperation, computer-aided design, updating their product lines, which are in high demand among consumers.

Significant reserves for the production of complex types of machine-tool products are available at a number of domestic plants. For example, multi-operational machining centers and flexible production modules are created and mastered at the Sterlitamak Machine-Tool Plant - MTE and Savelovsky Machine-Building Plant, Krasny Proletary, Sasta, RSZ, MAO Sedin, IZTS. Modern automatic internal grinding machines and precision cylindrical grinding machines are produced at the Vladimir Tekhnika machine-tool plant, CNC gear-cutting machines - at the Saratov and Ryazan machine-tool plants.

So, JSC "Ivanovo Heavy Machine Tool Plant" - one of the largest machine-tool enterprises for the production of high-tech and science-intensive equipment - produces and offers for sale high-precision horizontal boring machines, machining centers with a table load capacity up to 25 tons. Among the latest innovations is a powerful high-speed horizontal machine ISB 1200-2. It is designed for processing complex cast iron and steel body parts. The fundamental difference is the equipment with two interchangeable pallets (1200x1200 mm), which gives it the status of a processing center. The ability to use two pallets allows you to increase the number of parts produced compared to a machine equipped with one pallet. This is a fundamentally new model of this size.

Of undoubted interest is also the heavy horizontal machining center IR1600MF4 for processing large-sized body parts made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals in mass production conditions weighing up to 40 tons, up to 8 m long and up to 2 m high. reinforced sliding spindle with a diameter of 160 mm, work table 1600x2000 mm (2000x2500 mm), bench plates 2700x4000 mm (2700x8000 mm). Design features: precision ball screws in all axes, steel telescopic or roll protection of the guides, cantilevered thermosymmetric design of the headstock located inside the portal-type rack (guarantees high rigidity and vibration resistance when working in heavy conditions and ensures high machining accuracy), the milling spindle is mounted in the radial direction in two precision double-row cylindrical roller bearings, and in the axial direction - in two precision double-row angular contact bearings. Milling cutters can be installed on the milling spindle with the help of a special flange included in the scope of delivery of the machine, an elevator with an individual drive is installed on the right end of the machine rack, on which the operator’s workplace is located, on the left end of the machine rack there is a Delhi IR1600MF4 installed an automatic tool changer with a magazine for 80 tools and a two-grip rotary manipulator; automatic centralized metered lubrication system.

The Kirov-Stankomash plant specializes in the modernization of metal-working equipment, the repair of machine tools, the production of gear-cutting, turning-and-boring and CNC horizontal boring machines. Among his latest developments are 5M150PF3 and 5A140F3 gear-cutting semi-automatic machines, 528SF3 and 5S280P gear-cutting semi-automatic machines.

The advantages of modernizing the 5M150PF3 semi-automatic gear shaping machine include: stable achievement of gear cutting accuracy (when working with cutters of class AA), the 5M150PF3 machine allows you to get the sixth degree of accuracy of the gears being cut, the ability to store up to 500 various adjustments (without connecting external memory modules), to carry out complex combined processing cycles.

The development strategy of the Russian machine tool industry is a matter of national security

Opinions about the future of the national machine tool industry are often radically different. Consumers (especially those few machine builders who have retained the ability to make decent products) talk about systemic problems in the industry that are very difficult to solve. Some experts believe that Russia does not need to develop the domestic machine tool industry and eliminate the accumulated backlog in the industry. They offer to take advantage of existing products on the world market.

According to Andrei Reus, Deputy Minister of Industry, by no means any machining equipment and tools can be freely purchased from foreign manufacturers, since developed countries control the export of the most high-tech equipment and technologies, as belonging to dual-use technologies. The opinion was recorded on the website of the Ministry of Economic Energy in 2008.

Vice-Rector for Development of MSTU Stankin, Alexander Andreev, in his interview for Profile, notes that all industrialized countries restrict the export of dual-use technologies through control by specially authorized government agencies and licensing: “Russia has already faced restrictions when they refused to sell us systems CNC for five-coordinate machining of parts. At the same time, Russian machine-tool factories are now producing equipment, approximately 70% of which consists of imported components and parts, which partially fall under the definition of dual-use technologies. So we can be cut off from strategic technologies at any moment.”

For example, the European Union countries, the United States, and Japan establish as a mandatory condition the licensing of exports of dual-use technologies, which stipulate a ban on the unauthorized use and movement of high-tech machining equipment. Clearly: equipping the equipment with location monitoring sensors using the global navigation system GPS or mandatory connection of the equipment to the global Internet.

The fact that the purchase of imported equipment undermines the technological security of the country has long been recognized by the authorities. As First Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov emphasized at a meeting on the problem of domestic machine tool building (Ivanovo, July 2007), providing the Russian machine building industry with domestic machine tools of the most high-tech categories is a matter of national security.

To improve the situation, the government working group prepared a plan of priority measures for the development of the domestic machine tool industry, aimed at: creating institutional and legal conditions for the inflow of investments into the industry, implementing a customs policy that protects domestic manufacturer, stimulation of scientific developments.

The main task of industrial policy in present stage- technological modernization of production and increasing the competitiveness of products by changing the qualitative and quantitative composition of the means of production used.
Successful achievement of these goals requires consolidation and concentration of the industry. The state has already begun to consolidate controlled assets within the framework of OJSC Rosstankoprom. A draft Belarusian-Russian program for the development of machine tool building has been developed. The document provides for investments in the machine tool industry of the two countries in the amount of several billion rubles for 2009-2013. The key directions of the program are increasing competitiveness, accuracy of equipment parameters, ensuring labor safety conditions.

The machine tool industry also urgently needs the creation of a center of competence. Therefore, in 2008, on the basis of MSTU Stankin, a special state engineering center was created, in whose activities two strategic directions were identified: technological (creation of high-tech technological equipment related to dual technologies) and organizational and economic (development of the machine-tool industry and technological re-equipment of mechanical engineering) .

In case of successful implementation of these projects, according to the forecasts of the Ministry of Industry, by 2015 the domestic machine tool industry will be able to supply about 700 thousand units of new machining equipment for machine-building enterprises.

Denis Bazykin, especially for

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