Unified electronic database of citizens evacuated from besieged Leningrad. Blockade data Official lists of survivors of Leningrad blockade

"People have changed..."

On September 7th, it will be exactly 70 years since the beginning of one of the most terrible pages of the Great Patriotic War. It would seem that over the past two decades, all the information about the blockade of Leningrad, hidden in the Soviet period, has been presented. However, every year the documents stored in the archives about the situation in those terrible years in the city on the Neva are declassified. Diaries kept by Leningraders dying of hunger are discovered. From them you can find out what the inhabitants were talking about in the first days of the war and the blockade, how they assessed the situation and the actions of the authorities, what they did and how they died.

The papers, hidden under the heading "top secret" for several decades, reveal a shocking truth.

The evacuation of residents and enterprises from Leningrad began on June 29, 1941. Many factories, research institutes, design and research organizations, theaters left the city.

On the morning of August 28, the last two echelons with evacuated Leningraders rushed past the Mga station. The station was captured by the Nazis, and the railway communication between the city and the country was interrupted. On the same day, the Nazi troops broke into the suburbs of Leningrad, German motorcyclists stopped the tram, following route No. 28: Strelna - Stremyannaya Street.

In the city, 216,378 people, registered and registered for evacuation, were sitting on bundles and suitcases. When the blockade ring closed, more than 2 million people remained there.

Elena Skryabina lived in Leningrad with her husband and two sons. They survived the terrible blockade winter of 1941-1942, after which Elena and her children were evacuated to Pyatigorsk, which was soon occupied by the Nazis. Elena had to work in labor camps in Poland and Germany. After the end of the war, she, wanting to save herself and her children from repression, did not return home. In the 1950s, Elena Skryabina emigrated from Germany to the United States, where she became a university professor and taught Russian literature.

From the diary of Elena Skryabina, which she kept in Leningrad during the blockade: “Friday, September 5, 1941.

We returned to the prehistoric era: life was reduced to one thing - to search for food. Calculate your food resources. It turns out that my stock is barely enough for a month. Maybe things will change later. And what change I hope for - I myself do not know. Now we come close to the most terrible famine. Tomorrow we are going to go out of town with Lyubochka Tarnovskaya to change cigarettes and vodka, which we got in a stall on the street opposite the house.

In the morning I sat with Yurik (the youngest son of Elena Scriabina, who was five years old. "SP") on the boulevard. My former classmate Miloradovich sat down with us. Without preamble, he started a conversation about how happy he was that the Germans were already under the city, that they were an incalculable force, that the city would not be surrendered today - tomorrow. He praised me for not leaving. “And this is just in case,” shows me a small revolver, “if my expectations are deceived.”

I didn't know how to react to his words. We are used to not trusting people. And there are many like him now. We are looking forward to the Germans as saviors.

I am writing half an hour after the new raid. I don’t know how long it all went on, but a few minutes after lights out we learned that a huge hospital a few blocks away from us had been damaged. It was only opened yesterday, and today the wounded were transported there. It is said that the bombers dived on this building. It flared up instantly. Most of the wounded died, they did not have time to save.

And we were told all the time that Leningrad was inaccessible, that there would be no raids. That's unavailable! The air defense was soap bubble. Security guarantee is an empty phrase.

The daily norm of bread has been reduced to 250 grams. Since there is almost nothing but bread, this decrease is very noticeable. I am still trying to get potatoes and vegetables in the surrounding villages in exchange for things. How painful these exchanges are! Yesterday I walked all day. I had cigarettes, my husband's boots and ladies' stockings. You feel like a pathetic beggar. Everywhere you have to persuade, literally beg. The peasants are already inundated with beautiful things. They don't even want to talk. Per short term The terrible year of 1918 has returned. Then the townspeople, like beggars, begged for potatoes and flour in the villages in exchange for carpets, furs, rings, earrings and other valuables. Exhausted to the last degree, I finally exchanged all my goods for a pood of potatoes and two liters of milk. I don't know how long I can keep mining like this.

Literally before our eyes, people go wild. Who would have thought that Irina Levitskaya, until recently such a calm, beautiful woman, could beat her husband, whom she had always adored? And for what? Because he wants to eat all the time, he can never get enough ...

Almost all people have become different as a result of hunger, blockade, stalemate.

I don’t go to the market: there is absolutely nothing to change. What I can offer does not interest buyers. And the markets are littered with beautiful things: materials High Quality, cuts for suits and coats, expensive dresses, furs. Only for such things you can get bread and vegetable oil. It is no longer rumored, but according to reliable sources, that is, according to information from the police districts, it is known that a lot of sausages, jelly and the like, made from human meat, appeared on the market. Reason admits even this terrible possibility: people have reached the limit and are capable of anything.

My husband warned me not to let Yurochka go for walks far from home, even with a nanny. The children were the first to disappear.

"We will no longer fight the Germans..."

In November 1941, the first cases of loss of consciousness from starvation in the streets, shops and workplaces were noted, and then deaths from exhaustion. This month a real famine began in Leningrad.

After the onset of winter, the city almost ran out of fuel. The centralized heating of houses stopped, the water supply and sewerage were turned off.

Due to the lack of electricity and the destruction of contact networks, the movement of trams and trolleybuses stopped.

During the blockade, the mood of the Leningraders was monitored by the UNKVD. Letters were checked, and numerous informants reported on "anti-Soviet" conversations and "negative phenomena."

One of the reports said that some Leningraders reacted to Stalin’s appeal to the people in November 1941 as follows: “For 24 years they brought the country to collapse and death, and now they say:“ Fight to the end - victory will be ours. But we have almost no planes and tanks, and they have a lot. Where is the logic? This is madness. They gave Ukraine, Belarus - the best central and southern regions - and said: "The enemy is exhausted, we will win." “Stalin did not open up any real prospects for the defeat of Germany. England and America help us only in words, they hate the USSR.” “They transferred advanced military technologies in aircraft construction to Germany before the war, but they themselves were not prepared for the war.” “The government of the USSR is not ready to solve the problem of breaking the blockade on its own. Only a second front will help us.”

The documents of the UNKVD say that in November 1941 the number of "anti-Soviet leaflets" distributed throughout the city increased. Unknown persons scattered many leaflets in the early morning, under the cover of darkness, on the territory of the Moscow railway station. The search for distributors was unsuccessful.

The UNKVD noted that these leaflets, in contrast to the leaflets dropped by the enemy, aroused confidence among the population, since they contained appeals that corresponded to the situation.

Anonymous letters addressed to Stalin, Molotov and Zhdanov were delayed. One of them said: “We, Russian women, inform you Comrade. Molotov that we will no longer fight the Germans. We will recall our husbands, sons, brothers from the front, we will surrender all Russian cities to the Germans without a fight, without resistance, for further resistance is useless bloodshed. We no longer believe in your laws."

In the same month, the documents contain the statements of Leningraders recorded by agents: “I will not hesitate to sacrifice my life if it will be useful. It is necessary to create an organization, to unite all the dissatisfied around a major figure. “We must first organize a group of a hundred people and begin to act. It is necessary to write leaflets with an appeal to the people. The Red Army will be with us." "Our leaders will do with us whatever they want, because we do not know how to act in an organized manner, as a whole plant or factory, but we express dissatisfaction one by one or in small groups."

And these statements of the inhabitants of the city were recorded in December: "The workers are waiting for the moment to speak out against the Soviet regime." “If the Soviet government is weak, then let the city surrender. Under the tsar, they didn’t want pies, but now they are dying like flies.” “The people were crushed by taxes, loans, high prices. The Red Army soldiers do not want to defend the power of the communists. "The city must capitulate, since attempts to break the blockade have not led to anything." "The Germans are a cultured nation, they will take care of the conquered city."

Scientists said: "The war will lead to a change in the political system, a democratic principle will operate in Russia." “The ideology of communism is hopeless. England and the United States will help establish a democratic form of government." "The people are clamped down, the words will not be allowed to be uttered." "Only a soulless attitude towards scientists it can be explained that janitors are given a norm of bread more than scientists. Our only hope is that the war will bring about a change for the better.”

In the same month, a leaflet fell into the hands of UNKVD workers, which said: “Down with the war, down with this system that is destroying our life. By December 25, we must rise. There were already strikes at the Kirov factory, but it was too early. Before the 23rd, it is necessary to come to an agreement between the shops, and on the 24th, contact the shop with the shop. On the 25th in the morning, do not start work, but only in an organized manner - they will shoot single people.

“There is only one lie in the reports and newspapers”

The winter of 1941-1942 was much colder than in previous years.

Residents of Leningrad heated their apartments with mini-stoves. They burned everything that could burn, including furniture and books.

Families in most cases did not die out immediately, but one by one. Those who could walk brought food purchased with cards. In that terrible winter, a lot of snow fell, which was not removed. Exhausted by hunger, people moved through the streets with great difficulty.

In February 1942, such conversations were recorded: "We need to get together and go to Smolny, demand bread and peace." "We need to organize a strike." "We need to smash the shops." “There will be no Soviet power after the end of the war. They will appoint a president at the direction of England and America. “There is no starvation in Germany. The employees there are better off than the workers. We don't have the truth. In reports and newspapers there is only lies. “If the Germans come, they won’t hang everyone, they will hang those who need it.”

The "Enkavedeshniki" zealously fought against the "anti-Soviet". On some days in January 1942, 20 people were arrested. But many Leningraders, barely alive from hunger and cold, continued to criticize the authorities.

The statements of the inhabitants of Leningrad, reflected in the documents of the NKVD in January and February 1942: "In no country have they brought their people to such a famine." "People die of starvation, but do not rebel against the rulers." "Things will come to the point that the people will demand to hand over the city to the Germans." “Everything was taken from the workers. We have no bread, no water, no heat, no light. The savages had food, fire and water, but we don't have that either." “Leningrad is abandoned by our leaders to the mercy of fate. They are obviously sacrificing it so that the Soviet government can survive.”

In the reports of the UNKVD, there are many references to the fact that Leningraders spoke about the need to conclude a separate peace with Germany. They did not believe in a quick victory and doubted the need for resistance. All of Europe is working for Germany, but no one wants to help the USSR.

Many residents believed that Leningrad should be handed over to a "neutral country" and then the "senseless" torment would end.

It is impossible for us to imagine what Leningraders experienced during the siege years. Despite hunger, cold and living without basic amenities, people did their best to do the work assigned to them, - says St. Petersburg historian Alla Raznochinova. - The messages of the Sovinformburo about the fall of Sevastopol and Novorossiysk and other failures of the Red Army had a depressing effect on the Leningraders. The people became convinced that the Red Army would not lift the blockade. They were exhausted to the extreme. The blockade ring was broken on January 18, 1943, however, until the blockade was completely lifted - on January 27, 1944, Leningraders had to wait another whole year. The blockade of the city lasted 872 days.

According to official statistics, in January and February 1942, approximately 130,000 people died in the city every month, 100,000 people died in March, 50,000 people died in May, 25,000 people died in July, and 7,000 people died in September. The decrease in mortality was due to the fact that the weakest - the elderly, children and sick people - had already died. According to recent studies, during the first, most difficult year of the blockade, approximately 780,000 Leningraders died.

Hello dear readers.

Today I want to compare the incomparable: the inhabitants of besieged Leningrad and the couch podsidush water, who, before our eyes, dared to raise his paw to the high - the feat of the Leningraders - to which he would never rise after such a gesture. Compare and you yourself will see all the meanness and baseness of it.

The number of civilians killed in the blockade

The list of residents of Leningrad presented here, who died during the blockade of the city by the Nazi troops during the Great Patriotic War, is an analogue of the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944".

The placement of this list in the Consolidated Database is the result of cooperation between the All-Russian Information and Search Center "Fatherland" and the Prince Vladimir Cathedral in St. Petersburg, where the All-Russian Commemoration Book was created in 2008.

The list contains 629,081 entries. Of these, 586334 people know the place of residence, 318312 people - the place of burial.

The electronic version of the book is also available on the website of the project "Returned Names" of the Russian national library and in the Generalized Computer Data Bank of the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation OBD "Memorial".

About the printed book:

Book of memory "Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944". In 35 volumes. 1996-2008 Circulation 250 copies.

Government of St. Petersburg.

Chairman of the Editorial Board Shcherbakov V.N.

Head of the working group for the creation of the Book of Memory Shapovalov V.L.

The electronic data bank for the Book of Memory was provided by the archive of the State Institution "Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery".

FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD

Book of memory "Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944" - a printed version of the electronic databank about the inhabitants of Leningrad who died during the blockade of the city Nazi troops during the Great Patriotic War.

Preparations for the release of the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944", the formation of a data bank on civilians who died during the blockade was carried out simultaneously with the creation of the Book of Memory of the fallen Leningrad servicemen - on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the victory of our people in the Great Patriotic War. The boundless courage, steadfastness and the highest sense of duty of the inhabitants of besieged Leningrad are rightfully equated with the military feat of the defenders of the city.

The losses of Leningrad during the years of the blockade are huge, they amounted to over 600 thousand people. The volume of the printed martyrology is 35 volumes.

Documentary basis eBook memory, as well as its printed version, are information provided by numerous archives. Among them are the Central State Archives of St. Petersburg, the State City and Regional Archives and the archives of the regional departments of the registry office of St. Petersburg, the archives of city cemeteries, as well as the archives of various institutions, organizations, enterprises, educational institutions and etc.

Work on the collection and systematization of documentary data was carried out by working groups created under the administrations of 24 districts of St. Petersburg (the territorial division of the city at the beginning of work on collecting information in 1992). The participants of the search groups worked in close cooperation with the initiators of the creation of the Book of Memory - members of the city society "Inhabitants of besieged Leningrad" and its regional branches. These groups conducted surveys of citizens at their place of residence, organized meetings and conversations with residents of besieged Leningrad, with front-line soldiers in order to collect missing information or clarify existing data. Surviving house registration books were carefully studied everywhere.

A great contribution to the preparation of the materials of the Memory Book “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944" contributed researchers the Museum at the Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery and the Museum "Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad" (a branch of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg).

Many letters and applications with information about the dead in besieged Leningrad have been received and continue to be received by the editorial board from all republics, territories, regions of the Russian Federation, from countries near and far abroad through the International Association of Siege Heroes of Leningrad.

Territorial borders of the Memory Book “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944" - a large blockade ring: the cities of Leningrad, Kronstadt, part of the Slutsk, Vsevolozhsk and Pargolovsky districts of the Leningrad region - and a small blockade ring: the Oranienbaum bridgehead.

Included in the Book of Remembrance information about the civilians who died during the blockade of these territories. Among them, along with the indigenous population of these places, are numerous refugees from Karelia, the Baltic states and remote areas of the Leningrad region, occupied by the enemy.

Timeline of the Book of Memory: September 8, 1941 - January 27, 1944. The first date is the tragic day of the beginning of the blockade. On this day, enemy troops cut off the land communications of the city with the country. The second date is the day of complete liberation from the blockade. Information about civilians, whose lives were cut short during the period indicated by these dates, is also listed in the Book of Memory.

Memorial records of the dead are arranged in alphabetical order of their surnames. These records, identical in form, contain the following information: last name, first name, patronymic of the deceased, year of birth, place of residence (at the time of death), date of death and place of burial.

Not all entries have the full composition of this data. There are also those where only separate, sometimes scattered and fragmentary information has been preserved about the dead. In the conditions of the city-front during the months of mass deaths of residents, it was not possible to organize the registration of all the dead in the prescribed manner, with the recording of data about them in proper completeness. In the most difficult months of the blockade, in the winter of 1941-1942, there were almost no individual burials. During this period, mass burials were made in cemeteries, trench burials near medical institutions, hospitals, enterprises, wastelands. By decision of the city authorities in the city Cremation was organized in the ovens of the Izhora Plant and Brick Plant No. 1. For these reasons, about half of the memorial records contain an indication that the place of burial is unknown. More than half a century after the end of the war, it was impossible to restore these data.

Variant information about the deceased is given in slash brackets. Information, the reliability of which is doubtful, is indicated by a question mark in parentheses. Scattered and fragmentary information about the place of residence are enclosed in angle brackets.

Titles settlements located outside the city, their administrative affiliation, the names of the streets in them, as well as the names of the streets of Leningrad, are indicated as of 1941-1944.

Everyone who happens to turn to the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944”, please note the following. Mistakes are possible in non-Russian names. Errors of this kind are marked either with a question mark in parentheses or with correct forms in slash brackets. Only obvious spelling errors have been fixed.

In the Book of Memory there are entries that can be attributed to the same person. These records differ most often only in information about the place of residence of the deceased. This has its own explanation: at one address a person was registered and lived permanently, at another address he ended up due to the tragic circumstances of the siege. None of these paired records can be excluded due to insufficient documentary justification.

In the Book of Memory, generally accepted and commonly understood abbreviations are used.

Anyone who has any information about the dead in the blockade ring, please contact the editorial board at the following address: 195273, St. Petersburg, Nepokorennyh Ave., 72, government agency Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery. Book of memory "Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944".

January 27, 2011- 67th anniversary of the lifting of the Siege of Leningrad. Congratulations to all Leningraders, participants in those events, their relatives and descendants on this significant date!

During the blockade civilian casualties amounted to 630,367 people, the names of 311 603s are known today. The history of mankind did not know such a huge scale of extermination of the civilian population.

All existing and historical cemeteries of Leningrad served as sites for mass graves of the dead residents of the city.. A list of residents of besieged Leningrad who died of starvation and disease, froze on the streets and in their apartments, died during shelling and bombing, and were buried in the cemeteries of St. Petersburg and its suburbs is published on our forum:

Piskarevsky cemetery - 152,392 people

Serafimovskoye cemetery - 62,598 people

Smolensk cemetery - 31,984 people

Volkovskoye cemetery - 17,523 people

Theological cemetery - 11,920 people

Cemetery Krasnaya Sloboda - 3746 people

Tarkhovsky cemetery - 2327 people

Mountain cemetery - 1830 people

Lakhtinsky cemetery - 1504 people

Jewish (Preobrazhenskoye) cemetery - 1055 people

Red Cemetery - 416 people

Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery - 344 people

to be continued

The following databases are maintained in the archives of the Pikarevsky Memorial:

• Book of memory “Blockade. 1941-1944. Leningrad", where you can find information about the inhabitants of the city and the refugees hiding from the enemy in the besieged city, who died during the blockade;
• Book of Memory. Leningrad", where you can find information about the inhabitants of the city, who lived through the horrors of hunger, cold, constant enemy bombing and shelling of the besieged city;
• Book of memory "Leningrad. 1941-1945", which contains information about residents drafted into the Armed Forces from Leningrad and who died during the Great Patriotic War.

There are also links and information about all currently existing databases of the project of the All-Russian Information and Search Center "Fatherland", including the Memorial list of Leningraders evacuated from the besieged city, who died and were buried on Vologda land, given at the bottom of this page. In addition, there is a link to the list of evacuated Leningraders from the project of the Archives of St. Petersburg Book of Memory "Siege of Leningrad. Evacuation".

Book of memory “Blockade. 1941-1944. Leningrad"

The list of residents of Leningrad presented here who died during the blockade of the city by the Nazi troops during the Great Patriotic War is an analogue of the printed copy of the Book of Memory “Blockade. 1941-1944. Leningrad”, it did not include changes and additions to the lists made at the request of relatives who submitted documents that became the basis for changes and additions.
The placement of this list in the Consolidated Database is the result of cooperation between the All-Russian Information and Search Center "Fatherland" and Prince Vladimir Cathedral in St. Petersburg, where the All-Russian Commemoration Book was created in 2008.

35 volumes of the blockade memory book were published in 1998-2006.

Book of Memory “Blockade. 1941 - 1944. Leningrad ”is a tribute to the grateful memory of descendants about the great feat of Leningraders.

This book is a kind of chronicle of the history of the unconquered people, reflecting the participation of the townspeople in the defense of Leningrad and the massive sacrifices that the front city suffered in the battle for life. The book is about the suffering of millions of inhabitants of the besieged city and those who, under the onslaught of the enemy, retreating, found refuge here.

This is not just a mournful list. This is a requiem for those who lay down forever in the ground, protecting their native city.

The Book of Memory is a stern, courageous book, like a memorial plaque, forever imprinted so far only 631,053 names of our fellow countrymen who died of hunger and disease, froze on the streets and in their apartments, died during shelling and bombardment, missing in the besieged city itself. This martyrology is constantly being supplemented. During the years of publication of the Book of Memory “Blockade. 1941-1944. Leningrad” received 2,670 applications for the names of those who died in the blockade, and in preparation for the publication of the 35th volume, another 1,337 names were immortalized.

The electronic version of this Book of Memory is also presented on the website project "Returned Names" of the Russian National Library and in the Generalized Computer Data Bank of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation OBD "Memorial".

Information about the printed edition of the book:

"Requiem in memory of the evacuated Leningraders buried in the Vologda region during the Great Patriotic War." Part I. A-K. Vologda, 1990; Part II. L-Z. Vologda, 1991.

Vologda State Pedagogical Institute
Northern Branch of the Archeographic Commission of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
Vologda Regional Committee for the Protection of Peace and the regional branch of the Soviet Peace Fund
Vologda regional branch of VOOPIK
Vologda Regional Council of War and Labor Veterans
State Museum of the History of Leningrad

The book was published with voluntary contributions from citizens of the Vologda Oblast to the Soviet Peace Fund.

Part one of the book "Requiem" - a list of Leningraders (according to alphabet A-K), who died during the evacuation period in train cars, in hospitals for the evacuees, in hospitals and hospitals, in places of settlement on the territory of the Vologda Oblast. The compilers used materials that have been preserved in the regional and city archives of the registry offices and GAVO. A lot of information has been lost. Therefore, in the course of further search work, this mournful list will probably be replenished. And now it is, as it were, a nominal addition to the memorial to the memory of Leningraders built in Vologda. Parts two and three are being prepared.

Compiled by: L.K. Sudakova (responsible compiler), N.I. Golikova, P.A. Kolesnikov, V.V. Sudakov, A.A. Rybakov.

Public Editorial Board: V.V. Sudakov (responsible editor), G.A. Akinkhov, Yu.V. Babicheva, N.I. Balandin, L.A. Vasilyeva, A.F. Gorovenko, T.V. Zamaraeva, D.I. Klibson, P.A. Kolesnikov, O.A. Naumova, G.V. Shirikov.

A WORD ABOUT THE BOOK

In the end, Mankind will understand that it is a single organism, but each person is the universe, and will learn to protect each unique individuality that makes up its unity.
Every people living on Earth is looking for its destiny in Humanity, and every person - in his people. And the richer the memory of each person, the richer the life of each people and, therefore, Humanity.
When saying goodbye to a person, the people who see him off for the last time promise him Eternal Memory. One cannot live without Memory. Lack of memory leads to forgetting past mistakes. Forgetting is catastrophic.
We painfully think about this on the slope of our days, passing the torch of the experience of our lives to our children. In the memory of our generation was the Great Catastrophe of Mankind - the Second World War. She claimed millions of lives. And we, the living, do not want to be Ivans who do not remember their relationship. We want to warn the future from our bloody tragic mistakes threatening death to all Humanity.
Forgetting the past is shameful.
The last war was merciless, and the peoples of our Motherland suffered huge losses in this war, the best sons and daughters died, selflessly in love with life and believing in its justice. Almost half a century has passed since the day of our Victory, but we still have not calculated how many people we lost in this battle for life.
Everyone who died in this war is worthy of Eternal Memory.
We, the living, have forgotten about this debt of the living to the dead.
To get rid of this debt with the grave of the Unknown Soldier is shameful, because there are no and cannot be unknown soldiers, they can be unknown only through neglect of memory in the souls of the living, protected by the mortal feat of the dead.
The memory of the dead is sacred.
And I believe that a Temple of Memory will be built on our Earth, in which the names of all the tragic years who died in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 will be stored.
This is the sacred necessity of life.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin himself bequeathed to us "love for our father's coffins." Without this love there is not and cannot be the movement of life itself towards Perfection.
And I understand the vital nobility of those people who, out of their good will of understanding their human duty to the feat of their selfless compatriots, collect their names worthy of Eternal Memory on the tablets of immortal Memory,
And the books of this Requiem are dictated by a holy sense of kinship between generations and the connection of times.
During the war, Vologda was a link in the unthinkable efforts of the front and rear. Through it, aid went to Leningrad, bled and tortured by the fascist blockade, half-suffocated by hunger and cold, bombs and shelling, and here, to Vologda, to the Great, as they said then, the Earth from the besieged city along the Road of Life, children and women, wounded and sick defenders were taken out Leningrad. And the inhabitants of Vologda and the Vologda region saved these half-dead people with their selfless love, warmth of the soul, caress good hands and the deadly hope of bread.
Many have been saved.
Many have died.
And these dead remained in the last shelter of the Vologda land.
Half a century later, a monument was erected over their mass grave, and the names of the dead are collected in the books of this Requiem.
This noble example of the inhabitants of the Vologda region is worthy of every kind of imitation for the inhabitants of all cities and towns where there are unmarked graves of heroes and sufferers of the Patriotic War.
This noble example, perhaps, will make my fellow citizens of Leningrad worry about their heroes and martyrs from the time of the fascist blockade, turn nameless grave hills into named pantheons worthy of worship and prayers.
And I would like to bow to the inhabitants of Vologda for their human feat of Memory, Love and Faith.

Without memory there is no life.
There is no time connection.
There is no future.
Alive! Be worthy of the dead.
The dead did not spare their lives for your life.
Remember this.
This must not be forgotten.
22.11.89
Leningrad
Mikhail Dudin

FOREWORD

Not far from Vologda, along the Poshekhonskoe highway, there is a monument. On a granite pedestal - a woman-mother with a dying child in her arms. The woman is surrounded by strict pylons, it seems that they protect her eternal rest...
This is a memorial to the evacuated Leningraders who died in Vologda during the Great Patriotic War. The delegation of the hero-city of Leningrad handed over to the Vologda residents a piece of land from a sacred place - the Piskarevsky cemetery. This land is here now, by the graves...

The Vologda Oblast was formed in 1937. It included 23 districts of the former Northern Territory and 18 districts with the city of Cherepovets in the Leningrad Region. By the beginning of the war there were 43 districts. Population - 1 million 581 thousand people, including urban - 248 thousand. Leading Industries National economy by the beginning of the war there were logging and timber processing industries, Agriculture with animal husbandry.
Vologda became the regional center in 1937. What was she like during the war? Probably, the life of this city with ninety-five thousand inhabitants did not differ significantly from many similar cities scattered across boundless Russia. Everything was determined by the war with its harsh life and hardships, intense, often at the limit - work, with the loss of relatives and friends, with constant expectation: how is it on the fronts? And with the hope of joyful changes that only victory could bring...
... The now popular word "mercy?" - not today's opening. Its essence is rooted in our history. It was socialist mutual assistance, the mercy of people, the feeling of brotherhood that saved the lives of many Leningraders who escaped from the hell of the blockade.
Many, but not all ... Thousands of evacuees died under the bombing, from the effects of blockade hunger and disease. For many, their health and strength were so undermined by suffering and deprivation, the horrors of war, that no one could save them ... Sad lists of them are in this book.

About a hundred people took part in the work on the Requiem. The idea for this book came to the members of the Poisk student group in 1987. At the same time, a section was singled out in its composition, which began preparatory work(Chairman of the section, student S. Lavrova, scientific adviser, senior lecturer L.K. Sudakova). At the first scientific and practical conference of the Faculty of History, dedicated to the problems of patriotic and international education of schoolchildren and youth (April 1988), the idea and plan for creating the book were approved by representatives of the regional committee of the Komsomol, the council of war and labor veterans, the society for the protection of historical and cultural monuments, employees of the regional military enlistment office and healthcare.
August 27, 1988 in Vologda at the Poshekhonsky cemetery was opened a memorial to Leningraders who died and were buried in the city during the years of evacuation. It was built by a joint decision of the Leningrad and Vologda city executive committees. The discovery of the monument became an incentive to intensify search activities. At the second conference in April 1989, the first results of the search were already summed up. The regional coordinating council of search work and activities to perpetuate the memory of the defenders of the Motherland was elected, recommendations were adopted on the whole problem, including the preparation of the book "Requiem".
Already on initial stage preparation of the book, many questions arose that needed to be answered, the development of a research methodology: identifying archives that have Required documents; studying the amount of information in them about each person and determining on this basis the form of the book "Requiem"; development of a single form of an individual card for recording information on each deceased; definition of a methodology for checking records about the same person in various archives; preparation of a list of the buried in preliminary and final versions for printing; drawing up a certificate on the administrative division of the region during the war years and in our time, and others.
There were a lot of archives. In the State Archives of the Vologda Oblast, lists were initially found for five special hospitals (GAVO, cf. 1876, op. 3, d. 1-11), and then materials for one more (cf. 3105, op. 2, d. 3 -BUT). Lists of varying degrees of safety, but allowing you to make an individual card for each. In the Cherepovets branch of the SAVO, materials were found on the same hospital in this city. Records in all hospitals are not unified. So, in Cherepovets they are: “Solovyeva Anna Vasilievna, born in 1913, two children from 5 to 7.” In Vologda, the entry form more fully reflects the information:
Item No.
- Case history number (not everywhere)
- FULL NAME.
- Year of birth or age
- Receipt date
- date of departure
- Where did you go (died, transferred to another hospital, discharged, sent to an orphanage, etc.)

Two lists of hospitals provide information about the home address, the diagnosis of the disease, the place of residence of the evacuees, to whom the death was reported. In total, there are more than 8 thousand people on the hospital lists, the death of 1807 evacuees is indicated. There is a general note that from January 1 to April 1, 1942 in Vologda they were buried at the Gorbachev cemetery, and from April 1, 1942 at the new, Poshekhonsky, 2 people per grave. According to eyewitnesses, there were also nameless burials.
As a rule, death in train cars, in hospitals, in apartments, in orphanages was registered by registry offices. The compilers looked through all the books of death records in Vologda and Cherepovets (stored in the city archives of the registry office), as well as all the books of the district bureaus stored in the regional archives of the registry office. The entry forms in these books usually have a serial number for each year, then the last name, first name and patronymic, date of death, age or year of birth, place of permanent residence, cause of death are indicated (most often the diagnosis is dystrophy). In the cities, the forms were filed into books according to the dates of death and alphabetically, in the regions - according to the dates of death.
In total, more than 17 thousand people were identified dead and buried in the region. To do this, it was necessary to look through at least 100 thousand forms of death records. There were cases when one and the same person had records in hospitals, in registry offices, in regional departmental archives. In such cases, several cards were filled out for one person, then the information was compiled and clarified. To identify the names of the buried, in addition to searching for surviving materials in archives and museums, the memories of doctors, nurses, service personnel hospitals and hospitals in which the evacuees were treated.
More complete data were obtained for 10 thousand people. These are evacuees from Leningrad, the Leningrad region, and partly from Karelia and other places. There are few full addresses of Leningraders, moreover, during this time the names of districts and streets have changed. The book contains addresses from the time of the war. The names of the districts and streets of Leningrad were often distorted. The employees of the Museum of the History of Leningrad provided assistance in clarifying the addresses.
There are records that need clarification. For more than 5 thousand people, there is only family information, without a name and patronymic. For example, such an entry in Babaev: "Slavik ... Russian ... died on February 24, 1942, age 4 ... Leningrad." On a letterhead in Vologda: "Zhenya... 5 years old... entered the hospital on April 5, 1942, died on April 20, 1942." In Sheksna it is written: "Unknown ... 13 years old ..., died on January 19, 1942. Taken off train 420. Boy, white face, dressed in an old cotton coat, boots." Another entry in Sheksna: “Last name unknown, 28 years old, January 1, 1942, removed from train 430, died. Medium height, in military uniform, overcoat, wadded trousers, cap, gray felt boots.
This book includes a list in alphabetical order from A to K. There are 4989 people in total. Of these, by age: up to 7 years old - 966 people, 8-16 years old - 602 people, 17-30 years old - 886 people, 31-50 years old - 1146 people, over 50 years old - 1287 people. By gender: men - 2348 people, women - 2637 people. In the second part of the "Requiem" there will be lists of the buried in alphabetical order from L to Z. Finally, in the third part of the book "Requiem" there will be a list with the least amount of information. The compilers believe that even such a mournful list will help relatives and friends learn about the fate of those who are considered missing.
AT search work and its preparation was attended by: L.N. Avdonina, G.A. Akinkhov, N.I. Balandin, L.M. Vorobiev, A.G. Goreglyad, S.G. Karpov, I.N. Kornilov, P.A. Krasilnikov, T.A. Lastochkina, N.A. Pahareva, S.V. Sudakova, T.P. Cherepanov; members of the student group "Search" of the Vologda State Pedagogical Institute: N. Balandina, S. Berezin, M. Gorchakova, O. Zelenina, E. Kozlova, N. Krasnova, I. Kuznetsova, S. Lavrova, N. Limina, E. Manicheva , A. Orlova, N. Popova, S. Trifanov, L. Tchantsev, E. Khudyakova, student of the 8th school of the city of Vologda O. Sudakova, Leningrad school E. Grigorieva, a group of students of the Cherepovets State Pedagogical Institute under the guidance of teachers A.K . Vorobiev, V.A. Chernakova and a group of students of the Vologda Construction College under the guidance of teacher V.B. Konasova.
The general coordination of work on the book was carried out by Professor P.A. Kolesnikov and the Chairman of the Regional Peace Committee V.V. Sudakov.
The compilers and the editors express their deep gratitude to the employees of the archival department of the Vologda Regional Executive Committee, the State Archives of the Vologda Region and its branch in the city of Cherepovets, the Vologda Regional and Vologda and Cherepovets City Archives of the Registry Office O.A. Naumova, N.S. Yunosheva, A.N. Basic, A.I. Kulakova, as well as the public commission "Doctors for the Survival of Mankind" under the Regional Committee for the Protection of Peace for their assistance in identifying archival materials by G.A. Akinkhov, P.A. Kolesnikov.

I know: consolation and joy
these lines are not destined to be.
Fallen with honor - do not need anything,
comforting those who have lost is a sin.
In my own, the same, sorrow - I know
that, indomitable, her
strong hearts will not exchange
into oblivion and oblivion.
May she, purest, holy,
keeps the soul of the unstained.
May, nourishing love and courage,
will forever be related to the people.
Unforgettable soldered by blood,
only it - national kinship -
promises in the future to anyone
renewal and celebration

April 1944
Olga Berggolts

ACCEPTED ABBREVIATIONS

VGA REGISTRY OFFICE - Vologda city archive REGISTRY OFFICE
VOA REGISTRY OFFICE - Vologda Regional Archive of the REGISTRY OFFICE
VEG - Vologda hospital for evacuees
GAVO - State Archive of the Vologda Region
CH REGISTRY OFFICE - Cherepovets city archive REGISTRY OFFICE
EG - evacuation hospital
Black Sea Fleet GAVO - Cherepovets Branch of the State Archive of the Vologda Region

The blockade of Leningrad became the most difficult test for the inhabitants of the city in the history of the Northern capital. In the besieged city, according to various estimates, up to half of the population of Leningrad perished. The survivors did not even have the strength to mourn the dead: some were extremely exhausted, others were seriously injured. Despite hunger, cold and constant bombing, people found the courage to stand and defeat the Nazis. To judge what the inhabitants of the besieged city had to endure in those terrible years, one can use statistical data - the language of the figures of the besieged Leningrad.

872 days and nights

The blockade of Leningrad lasted exactly 872 days. The Germans encircled the city on September 8, 1941, and on January 27, 1944, the inhabitants of the northern capital rejoiced at the complete liberation of the city from the fascist blockade. Within six months after the blockade was lifted, the enemies still remained near Leningrad: their troops were in Petrozavodsk and Vyborg. The soldiers of the Red Army drove the Nazis away from the approaches to the city during an offensive operation in the summer of 1944.

150 thousand shells

During the long months of the blockade, the Nazis dropped 150,000 heavy artillery shells and over 107,000 incendiary and high-explosive bombs on Leningrad. They destroyed 3,000 buildings and damaged more than 7,000. All the main monuments of the city survived: Leningraders hid them, covering them with sandbags and plywood shields. Some sculptures - for example, from summer garden and horses from the Anichkov Bridge - they were removed from their pedestals and buried in the ground until the end of the war.

There were bombings in Leningrad every day. Photo: AiF / Yana Khvatova

13 hours 14 minutes of shelling

Shelling in besieged Leningrad was daily: sometimes the Nazis attacked the city several times a day. People hid from the bombings in the basements of houses. On August 17, 1943, Leningrad was subjected to the longest shelling in the entire blockade. It lasted 13 hours and 14 minutes, during which the Germans dropped 2,000 shells on the city. Residents of besieged Leningrad admitted that the noise of enemy aircraft and exploding shells sounded in their heads for a long time.

Up to 1.5 million dead

By September 1941, the population of Leningrad and its suburbs was about 2.9 million people. The blockade of Leningrad, according to various estimates, claimed the lives of from 600 thousand to 1.5 million inhabitants of the city. Only 3% of people died from fascist bombings, the remaining 97% - from hunger: about 4 thousand people died from exhaustion every day. When food supplies ran out, people began to eat cake, wallpaper paste, leather belts and boots. Dead bodies lay on the streets of the city: this was considered a common situation. Often, when someone in the family died, people had to bury their relatives on their own.

1 million 615 thousand tons of cargo

On September 12, 1941, the Road of Life was opened - the only highway connecting the besieged city with the country. The road of life, laid on the ice of Lake Ladoga, saved Leningrad: about 1 million 615 thousand tons of goods - food, fuel and clothing were delivered to the city along it. During the blockade along the highway through Ladoga, more than a million people were evacuated from Leningrad.

125 grams of bread

Until the end of the first month of the blockade, the inhabitants of the besieged city received a fairly good bread ration. When it became obvious that the flour stocks would not be enough for a long time, the norm was sharply reduced. So, in November and December 1941, city employees, dependents and children received only 125 grams of bread per day. The workers were given 250 grams of bread each, and the composition of the paramilitary guards, fire brigades and fighter squads - 300 grams each. Contemporaries would not be able to eat blockade bread, because it was prepared from practically inedible impurities. Bread was baked from rye and oat flour with the addition of cellulose, wallpaper dust, pine needles, cake and unfiltered malt. The loaf turned out very bitter in taste and completely black.

1500 loudspeakers

After the beginning of the blockade, until the end of 1941, 1,500 loudspeakers were installed on the walls of Leningrad houses. Radio broadcasting in Leningrad was carried out around the clock, and the inhabitants of the city were forbidden to turn off their receivers: on the radio, announcers talked about the situation in the city. When the broadcast stopped, the sound of a metronome was broadcast on the radio. In the event of an alarm, the rhythm of the metronome accelerated, and after the completion of the shelling, it slowed down. Leningraders called the sound of the metronome on the radio the living heartbeat of the city.

98 thousand newborns

During the blockade, 95,000 children were born in Leningrad. Most of them, about 68 thousand newborns, were born in the autumn and winter of 1941. In 1942, 12.5 thousand children were born, and in 1943 - only 7.5 thousand. In order for the babies to survive, a farm of three thoroughbred cows was organized at the Pediatric Institute of the city so that the children could receive fresh milk: in most cases, young mothers did not have milk.

The children of besieged Leningrad suffered from dystrophy. Photo: Archival photo

-32° frost

The first blockade winter was the coldest in the besieged city. On some days the thermometer dropped to -32°C. The situation was aggravated by heavy snowfalls: by April 1942, when the snow should have melted, the height of the snowdrifts reached 53 centimeters. Leningraders lived without heating and electricity in their houses. To keep warm, the inhabitants of the city flooded stoves-potbelly stoves. Due to the lack of firewood, they burned everything inedible that was in the apartments: furniture, old things and books.

144 thousand liters of blood

Despite hunger and the most severe living conditions, Leningraders were ready to give their last for the front in order to hasten the victory of the Soviet troops. Every day, from 300 to 700 residents of the city donated blood for the wounded in hospitals, transferring the received material compensation to the defense fund. Subsequently, the Leningrad Donor aircraft will be built with this money. In total, during the blockade, Leningraders donated 144,000 liters of blood for front-line soldiers.

The list of residents of Leningrad presented here, who died during the blockade of the city by the Nazi troops during the Great Patriotic War, is an analogue of the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944".
The placement of this list in the Consolidated Database is the result of cooperation between the All-Russian Information and Search Center "Fatherland" and Prince Vladimir Cathedral in St. Petersburg, where the All-Russian Commemoration Book was created in 2008.
The list contains 629 081 record. Of these, 586334 people know the place of residence, 318312 people - the place of burial.

An electronic version of the book is also available on the website. project "Returned Names" Russian National Library and in the Generalized Computer Data Bank of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation OBD "Memorial" .

About the printed book:
Book of memory "Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944". In 35 volumes. 1996-2008 Circulation 250 copies.
Government of St. Petersburg.
Chairman of the Editorial Board Shcherbakov V.N.
Head of the working group for the creation of the Book of Memory Shapovalov V.L.
The electronic data bank for the Book of Memory was provided by the archive of the State Institution "Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery".

FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD
Book of memory "Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944" - a printed version of the electronic data bank about the inhabitants of Leningrad, who died during the blockade of the city by the Nazi troops during the Great Patriotic War.
To preserve the memory of every deceased resident of the hero city, whether it is a person of mature years, a teenager or a young child - this is the task of this publication.
Preparations for the release of the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944”, the formation of a data bank on civilians who died during the blockade was carried out simultaneously with the creation of the Book of Memory of the fallen Leningrad servicemen - on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the victory of our people in the Great Patriotic War. The boundless courage, steadfastness and the highest sense of duty of the inhabitants of besieged Leningrad are rightfully equated with the military feat of the defenders of the city.
The losses of Leningrad during the years of the blockade are enormous, they amounted to over 600 thousand people. The volume of the printed martyrology is 35 volumes.
The documentary basis of the electronic Book of Memory, as well as its printed version, is information provided by numerous archives. Among them are the Central State Archives of St. Petersburg, the State City and Regional Archives and the archives of the regional departments of the registry office of St. Petersburg, the archives of city cemeteries, as well as the archives of various institutions, organizations, enterprises, educational institutions, etc.
Work on the collection and systematization of documentary data was carried out by working groups created under the administrations of 24 districts of St. Petersburg (the territorial division of the city at the beginning of work on collecting information in 1992). The participants of the search groups worked in close cooperation with the initiators of the creation of the Book of Memory - members of the city society "Inhabitants of besieged Leningrad" and its regional branches. These groups conducted surveys of citizens at their place of residence, organized meetings and conversations with residents of besieged Leningrad, with front-line soldiers in order to collect missing information or clarify existing data. Surviving house registration books were carefully studied everywhere.
A great contribution to the preparation of the materials of the Memory Book “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944" was contributed by the researchers of the Museum at the Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery and the Museum "Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad" (a branch of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg).
Many letters and applications with information about the dead in besieged Leningrad have been received and continue to be received by the editorial board from all republics, territories, regions of the Russian Federation, from countries near and far abroad through the International Association of Siege Heroes of Leningrad.
Territorial borders of the Memory Book “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944 "- a large blockade ring: the cities of Leningrad, Kronstadt, part of the Slutsk, Vsevolozhsk and Pargolovsky districts of the Leningrad region - and a small blockade ring: the Oranienbaum bridgehead.
The Book of Memory includes information about the civilians of these territories who died during the blockade. Among them, along with the indigenous population of these places, are numerous refugees from Karelia, the Baltic states and remote areas of the Leningrad region, occupied by the enemy.
The chronological framework of the Book of Memory: September 8, 1941 - January 27, 1944. The first date is the tragic day of the beginning of the blockade. On this day, enemy troops cut off the land communications of the city with the country. The second date is the day of complete liberation from the blockade. Information about civilians, whose lives were cut short during the period indicated by these dates, is entered in the Book of Memory.
Memorial records of the dead are arranged in alphabetical order of their surnames. These records, identical in form, contain the following information: last name, first name, patronymic of the deceased, year of birth, place of residence (at the time of death), date of death and place of burial.
Not all entries have the full composition of this data. There are also those where only separate, sometimes scattered and fragmentary information has been preserved about the dead. In the conditions of the city-front during the months of mass deaths of residents, it was not possible to organize the registration of all the dead in the prescribed manner, with the recording of data about them in proper completeness. In the most difficult months of the blockade, in the winter of 1941-1942, there were almost no individual burials. During this period, mass burials were made in cemeteries, trench burials near medical institutions, hospitals, enterprises, and in wastelands. By decision of the city authorities, cremation was organized in the city in the ovens of the Izhora Plant and Brick Plant No. 1. For these reasons, about half of the memorial records contain an indication that the place of burial is unknown. More than half a century after the end of the war, it was impossible to restore these data.
Variant information about the deceased is given in slash brackets. Information, the reliability of which is doubtful, is indicated by a question mark in parentheses. Scattered and fragmentary information about the place of residence are enclosed in angle brackets.
The names of settlements located outside the city, their administrative affiliation, the names of the streets in them, as well as the names of the streets of Leningrad, are indicated as of 1941-1944.
Everyone who happens to turn to the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944”, please note the following. Mistakes are possible in non-Russian names. Errors of this kind are marked either with a question mark in parentheses or with correct forms in slash brackets. Only obvious spelling errors have been fixed.
In the Book of Memory there are entries that can be attributed to the same person. These records differ most often only in information about the place of residence of the deceased. This has its own explanation: at one address a person was registered and lived permanently, at another address he ended up due to the tragic circumstances of the siege. None of these paired records can be excluded due to insufficient documentary justification.
In the Book of Memory, generally accepted and commonly understood abbreviations are used.
Anyone who has any information about the dead in the blockade ring, please contact the editorial board at the following address: 195273, St. Petersburg, Nepokorennykh Ave., 72, State Institution "Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery". Book of memory "Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944".