How to open a farm (peasant farm) from scratch: step-by-step instructions. How to open a peasant farm in Russia, where to start. Necessary for opening a farm.

Relatively recently arose current issue– import substitution. Meat, vegetables, fruits - all agricultural products at the moment are urgently needed, and therefore - a relevant product. In this regard, aspiring entrepreneurs have increasingly begun to wonder about opening their own farm.

How to open a farm? IN this manual We will consider this issue thoroughly.

Relevance this area I haven’t lost and will never lose. There are millions of potential consumers of final products living in Russia. Meat processing plants are more interested in quality meat suppliers than ever before. But such a large scale is not always achievable for a beginning entrepreneur.

The primary task for a potential farmer should be to provide his own region with products, and as production grows, one can begin to think about entering the federal market.

Main types of farming activities

Farming can engage in the following activities:

• Livestock breeding;
• Vegetable growing;
• Plant growing and seed production;
• Production of products from our own natural raw materials.

The undoubted advantage of this type of activity is all kinds of government benefits and subsidies, which are relatively easy for a novice entrepreneur to obtain.

How to legally register a farm?

Federal Law No. 74 “On Peasant (Farm) Farms” is responsible for regulating this type of activity. This type of business is registered as a peasant farm (peasant farm).

It presupposes certain social benefits and support from the state. After registration, the head of the farm receives , and information about peasant farms is entered into

Any capable person over 18 years of age can create a farm. There are no citizenship requirements. Family members of the head of the farm are accepted into it when they reach the age of 16 years. No more than 5 unrelated persons can be part of a farm.

This does not mean a ban on hiring workers or any limitation in their number!

The procedure for registering a peasant farm is very simple and will require collecting minimum package of documents.

Documents for creating a peasant farm

1. Agreement between members of the farm on its creation. Not required if the farm is organized by one person. The sample can be downloaded here: http://www.blankbuh.ru/blank/39
2. Application for farm registration (Form 21002). See an example of filling here: http://dombiznesa.ru/files/doc2/obrazec_primer_zap…
3. Passport or photocopy applicant's passport.
4. Receipt for in the amount of 800 rubles. An important nuance is that the head of the farm must pay for the receipt using his own data, otherwise the tax office will simply not accept it.
5. Statement on the transition to a special tax regime.

Documents for registration can be submitted in person, sent certified copies by mail, or using the registration procedure itself takes a standard 5 days, after which you will receive a ready-made package of documents for individual entrepreneurs.

Important! If the head of the household is already registered as individual entrepreneur, then it will no longer be possible to register a peasant farm in your name.

What to do to receive subsidies for starting a farm from scratch?

To receive subsidies for starting a farm in initial stage You will need to come to the Employment Center and register. There is no need to register an individual entrepreneur before applying.

Under the self-employment program, aspiring entrepreneurs are provided with a subsidy to start their own business. in the amount of 60 thousand rubles.

To apply for a loan (if there is such a need) You should choose banks with government support. Most optimal choice is Rosselkhozbank, which has special loans issued for development agriculture.

The only thing is that the entrepreneur must own the land plot on which the farm will be located. To receive large sums you will need to provide collateral

We'll talk more about the costs of starting your own business below.

There is also an option to attract investors - they can act as members of a farm, and based on the share of their investments (which are determined by an agreement between members of the farm) they will receive a share in the profit.

And now - about the main thing. Let's consider several areas of activity for peasant farms with numbers and calculations.

Farming: business plan with calculations

Rabbit farm business plan

Rabbits are relatively profitable farm animals. They produce skins and meat, which is considered dietary and sells well. Frequent illnesses are their greatest drawback.

If several rabbits fall ill, almost the entire population eventually dies, which is a serious problem. You can protect yourself from this by regularly vaccinating your livestock, and by mandatory compliance with the conditions for keeping rabbits.

Basic rules

It is forbidden:

• Allow overcrowding and overcrowding of rabbits in cages;
• Buy animals from unverified breeders;
• Add new rabbits to the main stock without prior quarantine;
• Neglect mandatory vaccination;
• Keep rabbits in damp, poorly heated and ventilated areas.

If these simple rules are followed and feeding is correct, problems with breeding should not arise. For breeding, you should choose rabbits of direct meat breeds (not mixed and not fur). These include: white giants, Californian breed, New Zealand - white and red.

These breeds are characterized high speed growth, as a result of which young animals can be slaughtered by 4-5 months. Rabbits of these breeds reach a weight of 4-5 kg ​​by 5 months.

Costs for equipment for a rabbit farm (business plan) with a productivity of up to 1000 animals per year

Purchase of breeding stock	30 females + 2 males	15,000 for 3-month young animals
Purchase of feed	Feed, hay, mineral supplements	150,000 per year
Vaccination	Veterinary drugs	10,000 rubles per year
Veterinary service	Preventive inspection of livestock	5,000 rubles per year
Shed or barn structure	Materials + work	From 10 to 25 thousand rubles
Purchasing cells	Based on 60 cells	From 30 to 60 thousand rubles
Hiring staff	1 person (as needed)	180,000 rubles per year
Equipment for slaughtering and waste disposal		From 20 to 50 thousand rubles
Refrigeration equipment	For storing carcasses	From 20 to 40 thousand rubles
Other expenses		50,000 rubles per year

Profits from a rabbit farm

Calculation of net profit: 1,300,000 – 345,000 = 955,000 rubles per year. You can reduce costs without hiring staff, then the net profit will be 1,135,000 rubles per year from a small herd of 30 females.

The advantage of rabbit breeding is that the number of livestock can be increased very quickly, due to which profits will also begin to grow. It should also be taken into account that tanned rabbit skins are purchased in large volumes at a higher price.

Dairy Farm Business Plan

Consider the plan for a small dairy farm with 10 cows. The sale of milk has been and will be a relevant area; in addition, cows and calves also provide meat. Average cost of fresh veal – 200-300 rubles per kg ( wholesale prices), beef – 200-250 rubles.

Expenses

Approximate profit

Calculation of net profit: 1,625,000 – 370,000 = 1,255,000 rubles when selling milk and meat wholesale. At retail trade products – 2,755,000 rubles per year. You can increase your profit by producing cheese, sour cream and other dairy products for sale.

It is also possible to temporarily eliminate the slaughter of calves for meat (heifers), and increase the number of livestock. After the first calving, the young animals will begin to produce milk and, accordingly, will begin to make a profit.

It should be noted that with a higher live weight of a cow (that is, she is well-fed), her milk production increases. There are also a number of elite breeds that produce up to 30 liters of milk per day.

Conclusion

Creating a farm from scratch - which will not lose its relevance. At the moment in Russia there is no high competition in this industry, but there is constant consumer demand.

Opening costs own farm pay for themselves in an average of 2-3 years, after which the farm begins to generate net profit. You can expand and scale in this area.

For example, starting with breeding rabbits, after six months or a year you can buy poultry or start fish farming, thereby increasing your income. Based on the above, we can conclude that opening your own farm is

How to open a farm from scratch in Russia? Watch the following video interview:

Many people are of the opinion that life in the village and farming are irrelevant. But think about it - after all, every day on store shelves we see the products of small private farms. In rural conditions, it is sometimes easier to earn money than in the city. By combining different types of agricultural production, you can get by with relatively low costs.

How to become a farmer? This business is not limited to simply raising pigs, chickens and cows and growing vegetables. This the whole system. It implies the presence of a business plan for a farm with official registration of activities. In addition, there is a well-thought-out system for regulating expenses and income.

Farming from scratch: how to start?

As you know, a business always starts with an idea - regardless of the scale. Anyone who has decided to open their own farm must, first of all, decide on a suitable direction. On a farmstead you can engage in both crop production and livestock farming. The main thing is to think through everything correctly and create a successful combination.

That is why a thorough study of the characteristics of the production of various crops and raising animals will be required. Before becoming a farmer, you should learn about the incompatibility of individual areas. In particular, the cultivation of certain fruit crops is strictly contraindicated near areas where cattle are kept.

Once you have decided where to start farming, you will need to think about the material and monetary resources that will be required. future business. Everything should be provided for - from the primary financial investments before arranging premises for keeping animals, organizing the farm territory, purchasing feed and fertilizers. In addition, the future economy will require mandatory registration. Most often, such activities are carried out in the form of individual entrepreneurs.

Farming: types of activities

If you decide to open livestock farm, the farm will provide you with meat, milk, eggs and leather. In addition, no one will prohibit combining raising animals, crop farming, fish farming or beekeeping. The main thing is to remember that all animals will require care of the proper quality and adherence to sanitary standards.

Let's take a little closer look at exactly what directions can take place for an individual entrepreneur in a peasant farm.

We breed piglets

Pork is always in demand on the market and costs a lot. This business is quite profitable, because if you take this area seriously, with good care you can get up to 30 piglets from one sow within a year. Each adult pig- this is about 200 kilos of meat and lard.

For breeding, piglets are usually purchased at one month of age. They are less susceptible to disease and adapt well to new conditions. The room for them (pig sty) should be kept clean, insulated in winter period and be sure to provide vents. Crowding is contraindicated for animals. They are fed according to a schedule, with pauses not exceeding eight hours.

The food is greens (in large quantities), meat and dairy products and special feed for pigs. One pig can be purchased for an amount from 3,500 to 5,000 rubles. It depends on its breed, age and area of ​​animal husbandry. You can breed pigs by starting with purchasing a pair of healthy piglets.

Goats, cows, horses and sheep

In summer they are all able to feed on grass. They will need soft hay for the winter. good quality. For feeding, horses are given oats, and cows are given mixed feed.

The yield of a good dairy cow is up to 30 liters of milk daily. From one goat you can get from 5 to 8 liters, and the cost of goat milk is higher, since it is considered a delicacy.

Horses are most often used as draft power. Sheep are bred for their meat, which is also considered a delicacy. As for sheep, their wool has long been considered the most valuable material. Breeding both goats and sheep is one of the most popular and profitable types of business in agriculture.

Rabbits

Both fur and meat are obtained from them. At the same time, the animals are quite unpretentious in terms of keeping and breeding. A rabbit farm is a system of enclosures, cages, pits or sheds. The choice of premises for keeping is a personal matter for the farmer. However, certain conditions must be adhered to:

• Keep animals away from direct sun rays and drafts.
• Provide adequate feeding.
• Don't forget about timely vaccination.
• Maintain cleanliness in the cages and provide the animals with high-quality drinking water on time.
• Remember the optimal temperature regime.

The diet for rabbits combines a large amount of fresh fruits and vegetables in season with concentrated dry food. Hay and grass are quite suitable for feeding them.

Fish farming

These days this business is one of the most profitable. But doing it requires certain knowledge, as well as considerable investment. Agricultural enterprises such as fisheries are most often set up on the basis of artificial ponds, which can be different types. It depends on the volume of production and preferred types. Due to the need for a large area for constructing a pond, the cost of this business may be overwhelming for a beginning farmer.

Who can you most often meet in an artificial pond? Carp, crucian carp, pike perch, silver carp, carp and tench. Although pond fish are able to provide themselves with food, they still cannot do without feeding. Bran, cake, and mixed feed are used as it.

Starting around May, the fish are fed on “feeding tables”, which are heavy square-shaped wooden trays measuring approximately 50 x 50 cm. Each hectare of pond will require at least four of these “feeding tables” for fish.

Beekeeping

With the right approach, the profit from an apiary can be quite good. In addition, bees pollinate fruit plants. How are such agricultural enterprises organized? The location for the apiary is selected based on the principle of being deserted and remote from roads, close to the areas where honey plants are grown.

Then it is necessary to install hives with 12-24 frames, as well as an omshanik (winter hive). The beekeeper can buy hives or make them himself. To do this, the beekeeper will need a workbench, hand or power tools. Bees can be purchased both in bee packages and in full families.

Poultry breeding

It can be the most common - in the form of chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks. Or quite exotic for our area. We are talking about breeding partridges, pheasants, guinea fowl, peacocks and even ostriches. The choice of breeds depends on the market in which the farmer wants to establish himself.

Where to start farming if you decide to start poultry farming? The most unpretentious option is the usual raising of chickens. These birds are inexpensive and unpretentious. From them you can get environmentally friendly eggs and high-quality chicken meat. There is somewhat less demand for ducks, geese and turkeys, but their cost is several times higher.

If you are thinking about breeding guinea fowl, pheasants and peacocks, then know that this is quite an expensive activity, and you will most likely have to sell them to private buyers or restaurants.

To raise poultry, you will need to acquire an incubator, special winter-insulated enclosures, feeders, trays, as well as a certain space for walking. Most often, farmers purchase couples for divorce, or a certain number of young offspring, which are subsequently raised. Another option is to purchase eggs and put them in an incubator. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.

To feed young chicks you will need cereals, boiled eggs, herbs, cottage cheese, insects, as well as special feed mixtures. The diet of adults is almost the same. Their menu is dominated by grain - wheat, barley, oats. Vitamins and minerals should be added to the feed mixture.

Growing plants

Plant growing has always been and remains one of the current trends rural business. After all, vegetables, fruits and berries are an irreplaceable component in the diet of any person. In addition, in farm conditions It is quite possible to grow flowers. The flower business has high profitability(from 70% to 300%).

The approximate amount of initial investment is from half a million rubles. With them you can rent land, purchase cuttings, incandescent lamps for greenhouses, which must maintain a constant microclimate and have well-fertilized soil.

Returning to the cultivation of herbs and vegetables, it is worth noting that their choice for farming is very diverse. Unpretentious species, such as potatoes, beets, carrots, radishes, etc., do not need any special conditions. If you are planning to start growing herbs, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, tomatoes and zucchini, you cannot do without greenhouses during the cold season.

Their construction, along with renting land, will require quite serious investments. The cost of seeds will be relatively small. In addition, in subsequent years you will provide them for yourself. The payback period for vegetable growing is quite fast. Already this year you can get your first serious harvest. If you can’t decide where to start farming, vegetable growing may be the best option.

We grow mushrooms, berries and fruits

For mushroom farming, the most unpretentious (albeit expensive) are truffles. And the most common are champignons and oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms are grown in special room, where an even microclimate is maintained, in bags filled with mycelium and straw. You will spend from one and a half to two thousand rubles on truffle seedlings. Much cheaper you can buy a base for growing champignons and oyster mushrooms.

If you are going to grow strawberries, you cannot do without greenhouses. A number of varieties are also grown in open ground. Such a business will require starting capital about 100,000 rubles. Add another quarter of that for monthly expenses.

Raspberries are grown according to a different principle. Seedlings are purchased for it and the site is prepared. It is practiced in the summer season; in the winter, the bushes are buried in order to protect them from frost.

Cherries, sea buckthorn or apples are grown in specially designated garden plots. You will need to purchase seedlings and a special film for covering for the winter. At best, the harvest from young trees will last for next year. The fruit and berry business is profitable at a level of about 60-100%.

How to register your activity

Where to start farming legally? Every business needs registration, and agricultural is no exception. The stages of the procedure consist of paying the state fee, notarizing the corresponding application, preparing and submitting a package of documents to the Federal Tax Service. Next, you should wait for the finished documents to be issued, go through the registration procedure with the necessary funds and receive a letter from Rosstat containing statistics codes. Of course, you should also take care of opening a bank account.

We rent land

You can arrange for renting a plot of land before the procedure legal registration. The rental application is submitted to the local administration. After the case is reviewed, you will receive information about where the proposed site is located. You will need to call representatives of the land management organization there. They will conduct land surveying and determine the exact boundaries of the site. Then the land is registered in the cadastral register and a corresponding passport is issued.

After this, the documents are again sent to the administration, which issues a decision on the transfer of the site. In addition, registration of the lease agreement will be required.

The state will help us

In recent years, helping young farmers has been a priority for the state. Now it is easy to get a grant for the development of such a business, the amount of which can range from one to four million rubles. It may be intended specifically for creating a farm or have an order lump sum payment to a household device.

This money is purposefully given to a beginning farmer for renting or purchasing land, developing a project, purchasing the necessary equipment, carrying out the required utilities, as well as purchasing materials for planting, animals, feed and fertilizers.

Who can claim such a payment?

Money is paid to citizens of the Russian Federation of working age, heads of farms and peasant farms whose registration period is less than 24 months. In this case, it is necessary to have education and at least three years of experience in the field of agriculture.

The package of documents that needs to be prepared consists of a business plan for the farm, a breakdown of expenses with prices. Size own funds that will need to be invested in this case must be at least 10% of the grant amount. The recipient is required to create three or more jobs and spend the funds issued within 12 months from the date of issue.

Grants are issued based on the results of competitions, during which young entrepreneurs must prove the profitability and relevance of their future business. Such support can be considered an excellent way to solve the problem of initial capital investment. If payment is refused, there are other options for assistance from the state - in particular, in the form of a farm loan. In addition, various government subsidy options are possible.

Summing up

Modern business in the field of agriculture is not at all the same as the idea of ​​​​which is firmly rooted in the heads of many (a hard and dirty job, low-income and thankless). These days, farms are equipped with the most advanced equipment. The most advanced technologies are used in raising animals and plants. It is quite possible to maintain cleanliness and the desired microclimate in premises for breeding birds and livestock. Most operations can be automated, which will greatly facilitate farm work.

Particularly important financial support states in the current crisis. It allows farmers to develop their business. In addition, due to the widespread development of a network of cafes, restaurants and numerous private shops, there are problems with sales finished products, as a rule, does not happen.

The main activity of a peasant farm is the processing, production, and sale of agricultural products. There is no need to create a legal entity to operate a farm. A farm is considered established once its head registers with the Federal Tax Service as an individual entrepreneur. Peasant farm - this abbreviation appears in all public documents of the farm. It is necessary to take into account that if an individual is already registered as an individual entrepreneur, then he will be denied registration of a peasant farm under his name. The activities of peasant farms are regulated in Federal Law No. 74-FZ “On Peasant (Farm) Farming” dated June 11, 2003.

It is necessary to take into account a number of nuances in the subsequent work of the peasant farm even during its organization:

• All members of the peasant farm are individuals, relatives, capable, and over 16 years of age. Hired workers are allowed (up to 5 people). There is no need to provide documents proving relationship. Tax office will check the fact of relationship independently. There is no maximum threshold for the number of members in a peasant farm, but the law stipulates that all persons in a peasant farm must belong to a maximum of three separate families.
• All property in the peasant farm is common, therefore, when a member leaves the peasant farm, he is provided with monetary compensation in proportion to his property in the farm, but the property itself remains in the peasant farm, is not divided, and is not issued.
• All members of the peasant farm are involved in the process of sales and production of products.
• The farm bears full financial liability with all his property for all his obligations.

Only a legally capable adult citizen can register a peasant farm. Russian Federation, as well as foreigners who do not have Russian citizenship and even stateless persons. To conduct agricultural economic activity there must be a plot suitable for farming, either owned by the head or member of the household, or rented. It doesn't have to be a piece of land. When registering a peasant farm, for example, a fishing enterprise requires a natural lake, or one artificially created on agricultural land. Only agricultural activities can be carried out on the plot chosen for the peasant farm.

In order to register a peasant farm, you need to follow a series of steps:

1. Collect all necessary documents

• Passport and its copy, or only a notarized copy of the passport of the future head of the peasant farm. The head of the household can be re-elected if he cannot perform his duties for more than six months or voluntarily refuses them. However, the change of head does not terminate his membership in the peasant farm. All transactions in a peasant farm are concluded by its head.
• Certificate of registration according to the passport of the head of the peasant farm.
• Application for state registration farms (P21002 form). If the original passport is not presented when submitting documents, the signature on the application must be notarized. The application form itself is similar to the application form for registration of an individual entrepreneur, so there should not be any difficulties in filling it out.
• Receipt for payment of state duty. The amount and details are the same as for individual entrepreneurs.

2. A contract (or agreement) between members of a future peasant farm.

All economic activities will be carried out on the basis of this agreement. The document describes the key and fundamental points of the future activities of the peasant farm:

• how to elect and re-elect the head of the household;
• how and from what the property fund of the peasant farm will be formed;
• what are the rights and responsibilities of each member of the household;
• how to enter and leave a peasant farm;
• how profits will be distributed among members of the peasant farm.

Therefore, all members of the peasant farm are familiarized with the agreement and signed. Legislatively to this agreement there are no clear and strict requirements. Therefore, all issues regarding the settlement of relationships between members of peasant farms must be spelled out in order to avoid subsequent misunderstandings. However, if a peasant farm is organized by only one person, then there is no need for an agreement, but only a decision to create a peasant farm is formalized.

3. Select the Federal Tax Service for registration

Geographically, a business can be located in any convenient place, but registration of peasant farms should be carried out only at the Federal Tax Service at the place of registration of its head, i.e. individual. If the head of the future peasant farm does not have registration in the Russian Federation. then the farm itself is registered at the place of residence.

4. Submit documents for registration to the selected tax authority

Documents can be submitted in person or remotely through the multifunctional center. It is allowed to submit documents under a notarized power of attorney by a third party. You can also submit documents through the online service or send them by mail with a mandatory list of attached documents. In the latter versions, all documents must be certified by a notary.

5. Get documents

After a maximum of five working days, the applicant receives:

• certificate of registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur as the head of a peasant farm;
• certificate of registration with the tax authority;
• USRIP record sheet.

All ready documentation may be sent by post. You can also obtain them by contacting the tax office in person or through an authorized representative using a notarized power of attorney.

After registering the farm, the head of the peasant farm needs to register with the statistical authorities. After this, Rosstat sends a letter with statistics codes to the address of the head of the economy. Letters with registration numbers are received from the Social Insurance Fund and the Pension Fund upon registration. All this data is necessary for further reporting and when filing declarations.

6. Open a bank account

According to the law, it is not necessary for a peasant farm to open a bank account. All payments can be made in cash both with suppliers and with the state. In practice, it is more convenient for peasant farms to open an account. Cash, according to Russian legislation, only the amount under the contract not exceeding 100,000 rubles can be paid. In this case, if there is no bank account major transactions will have to be specified in several contracts. Reputable suppliers and clients often prefer not to deal with cash payments. Cashless payment simplifies movement tracking cash. An application to open an account is submitted personally by the head of the peasant farm or remotely. To open an account, you must submit the following documents to the bank office:

• passport and TIN of the head of the peasant farm;
• state certificate registration of an individual as the head of a peasant farm;
• Peasant farm agreement signed by all members;

After checking the documents by the bank's security service, enter into an agreement on cash settlement services.

7. Select tax mode

For peasant farms the following are provided: Unified agricultural tax, simplified tax system, OSNO.

Upon registration, a general taxation regime is automatically established, with the highest tax burden. To change it, you need to write an application to the tax authority no later than 30 days after registering the farm to switch to another chosen regime.

Unified agricultural tax– a convenient agricultural tax developed for peasant farms. The Unified Agricultural Tax is considered a regime with a low tax burden and flexible requirements for document flow and reporting. The rate is from 4% (in some regions) to 6% (in most regions) of net profit. The tax is payable once every six months. Required condition The transition to this taxation regime is that at least 70% of the farm’s activities are related to the production or sale of agricultural products. The following benefits are provided for the unified agricultural tax: the cost of fixed assets when they are put into circulation is written off; advance payments are included in income; Property tax, VAT and personal income tax are not subject to payment. You can reduce the tax base by the amount of losses from previous years. The statute of limitations for losses is 10 years. Farms that have chosen the Unified Agricultural Tax regime need to maintain an accounting book (KUDiR), which no longer needs to be certified by the Federal Tax Service.

The simplified tax system tax regime is also available for peasant farms. The farm under this regime must maintain KUDiR and, upon request, provide it to tax service. Businesses with small expenses usually opt for the simplified tax system “income”. The tax is 6%. For businesses with significant expenses, it is often more profitable to choose the “Income minus expenses” system (15% tax). At the discretion of regional authorities, the tax percentage can be reduced by 1% under the first system or by 5% under the second simplified tax system. Accounting is simplified. Declarations are submitted once a year, and taxes are paid quarterly. A peasant farm is in many ways similar to an individual entrepreneur, which means that the farm has the right to reduce the tax by the full amount of insurance premiums paid for all members of the peasant farm.

OSNO is applied to peasant farms if the head of the peasant farm has not changed the taxation regime within 30 days after registration. This general regime is complex and voluminous in terms of reporting, but allows you to do business with suppliers and clients who work with VAT.

All members of the farm do not pay personal income tax for 5 years on income received from the activities of peasant farms. This relief is provided only once. Re-registration of peasant farms to renew benefits is illegal. All income of members and heads of peasant farms not related to agricultural activities is taxed.

8. Provide reporting

The head of a peasant farm, whose farm does not have hired workers, must every year submit to the Pension Fund data on paid and accrued insurance premiums for himself and for members of his farm. If there are hired workers in a peasant farm, then personalized records are also submitted to the Pension Fund on a quarterly basis, and information about the insured persons is transmitted monthly. All reporting can be submitted in paper or electronic form.

Federal legislation provides for the creation of a peasant farm by one person. To do this you need to collect necessary documents and go through the registration procedure. How to go through all these stages competently and without losses, you will learn from this article. In conclusion, we will provide a sample decision on the creation of a peasant farm by one person.

If a peasant farm is created by one person, then a decision to create a peasant farm is formalized.

Solution

The document has a free form, which announces the decision to create a farm and the scope of its activities. At the very beginning, the date of the decision is written on the right, and the place on the left. The form must contain complete information about the person who decided to register the peasant farm, his passport details and place of registration. The decision must indicate all the responsibilities of the peasant farm. The final phrase is the decision to carry out state registration.

The document is signed the only person. You can find a sample solution form.

Registration procedure

To register as a peasant farm, you need to collect documents, submit them to the Federal Tax Service and receive registration forms.

So, when registering a farm, the following documents are submitted:

• Original and copy of the identity document of the person submitting the documents and his registration.
• Document confirming payment of state duty in the amount of 800 rubles.
• The decision to create a peasant farm.
• (this is the simplest form of taxation; if the application is not completed in a timely manner, the farmer is automatically transferred to OSNO).

Within five working days, the Federal Tax Service considers the application and makes an appropriate decision. Upon completion of the process, the farmer is given:

• Certificate of registration.
• Extract.
• Certificate of registration with the Federal Tax Service.

Now all that remains is to receive a letter from the statistics authorities.

After successful registration, you can proceed directly to labor activity. If necessary, you can write a letter to local governments about the allocation. Federal legislation helps agriculture and regularly passes laws to support this area of ​​activity.

What is Peasant Farming?

Peasant farms (peasant farms)- is not news at all for Russia. Like a view entrepreneurial activity they appeared back in the late 80s in that country that we can only dream about now - the USSR.

But only 14 years later, already in Russia, Law No. 74-F3 was issued under the title “Federal Law on Peasant (Farming) Economy.” The Duma adopted the law on May 23, 2003, the Federation Council approved it 5 days later, and the president signed it another 2 weeks later on June 11.

The law defines all the legal, economic and social foundations for the creation and activities of peasant (farm) farms. He becomes the guarantor of the right of citizens to this type independent activity.

The law consists of 23 points, divided into 9 chapters.

Law on Peasant Farming (PF) - main points

The first chapter defines general provisions law and the type of activity it enshrines on earth. The most important thing is that it precisely defines what a farm is, and we advise everyone interested in peasant farming to very carefully understand this provision, which we present verbatim (hereinafter, all excerpts from the law are given unchanged and highlighted in font):

“A peasant (farm) enterprise (hereinafter also referred to as a farm) is an association of citizens related by kinship and (or) property, having property in common ownership and jointly carrying out production and other economic activities (production, processing, storage, transportation and sale of agricultural products). products) based on their personal participation.”

Please note that the law includes the activities of peasant farms not only in the production and sale, but also in the storage and transportation of agricultural products, which is fundamentally important, given the shortcomings of the laws under which peasant farms have operated so far.

A farm is created by a group of persons or a single person, without formation or with the formation of a legal entity. The last case is determined by Article 86.1 of the 4th chapter of the Civil Code of Russia, which is called “Peasant (farm) farming”. Here are all 5 points of this article:

“1. Citizens conducting joint activities in the field of agriculture without forming a legal entity on the basis of an agreement on the creation of a peasant (farm) enterprise (Article 23 [meaning 74-F3]) have the right to create a legal entity - a peasant (farm) enterprise.
A peasant (farm) enterprise, created in accordance with this article as a legal entity, is recognized as a voluntary association of citizens on the basis of membership for joint production or other economic activities in the field of agriculture, based on their personal participation and the association of property members of the peasant (farm) enterprise deposits.
2. The property of a peasant (farm) enterprise belongs to him by right of ownership.
3. A citizen can be a member of only one peasant (farm) enterprise created as a legal entity.
4. When foreclosure is filed by creditors of a peasant (farm) farm on a land plot owned by the farm, the land plot is subject to sale with public auction in favor of a person who, in accordance with the law, has the right to continue using the land for its intended purpose.
Members of a peasant (farm) enterprise created as a legal entity bear subsidiary liability for the obligations of the peasant (farm) enterprise.
5. Features legal status peasant (farm) enterprise created as a legal entity are determined by law.”

We draw your attention to key excerpts from the law on peasant farms:

The unification of citizens must occur strictly on the principles of voluntariness;
. Each member of the farm is expected to personally participate in its activities;
. A citizen has the right to be a member of only one peasant farm with the status of a legal entity;
. In the event of debt collection from a farm, the sale of its property must be carried out at public auction.
. All members of the household are responsible for each other - if one cannot fulfill his obligations, others are obliged to do so. This is the concept of subsidiary liability (from Latin - “auxiliary”, “additional”).

If a peasant farm operates without forming a legal entity, then its activities are regulated by the civil code and law No. 74-F3.

In particular:

State authorities should facilitate the formation of the associations in question, and in the future support their work in every possible way, providing access to resources, primarily financial.
. Any government intervention in the activities of peasant farms is strictly prohibited, unless, of course, this activity smacks of outright criminality.

Registration of a peasant farm

The procedure for creating a peasant farm

A very important chapter of the law is Chapter 2, which determines the procedure for creating a farm.

Firstly, any resident has the right to create a farm on the territory of Russia:

Citizen of the country;
. Foreigner, or
. Stateless person.

Relatives of the founder may be accepted as members of the peasant farm in the future, but

From no more than 3 families, and,
. Upon reaching the age of 16.

Peasant farms may include persons who are not related to the head of the household, but their number should not exceed 5 people.

If the farm is created by one person, then there is no need to draw up an agreement, otherwise an agreement between the organizers will be required, which must include the following information:

“1) about members of the farm;
2) on recognition of the head of a farm as one of the members of this farm, the powers of the head of the farm in accordance with Article 17 of this Federal Law and the procedure for managing a farm;
3) about the rights and obligations of members of the farm;
4) on the procedure for the formation of farm property, the procedure for ownership, use, and disposal of this property;
5) on the procedure for becoming a member of a farm and the procedure for leaving a member of a farm;
6) on the procedure for distributing fruits, products and income received from the activities of the farm.”

Already the list of required information clearly indicates that the creation of a document requires extreme precision and discipline, both organizational and legal. Therefore, we strongly recommend compiling of this document carried out under the strict supervision of a qualified lawyer familiar with the specifics of the organization being created.

It is the lawyer who will not forget to remind all participants in the future organization that:

The agreement must be accompanied by copies of documents confirming the relationship of members of the organization, if any;
. The agreement must be signed by all members of the organization in person (let’s not forget about such a thing as a “graphological examination”, which will not allow any forgery of signatures);
. The document being created does not limit the creative initiative of its signatories - any other provisions relating to the activities of the farm can be included in the document, as long as they do not conflict with the laws of the country.
. It is necessary already in the very first version of the agreement to provide for possible changes regarding the composition of the members of the farm.

The last article (5th) of the 2nd, organizational, chapter of Law 74-F3 briefly requires state registration of the organization being created. It is from the moment of state registration that a peasant farm is recognized as officially established. Please note that the law does not determine the procedure for registration with government bodies.

Differences between peasant farms and private subsidiary plots (personal subsidiary plots)

Peasant farm property

Chapter 3 of the law, which defines the property of members of peasant farms, is fundamentally important. The practice of almost 30 years of experience in the functioning of such farms shows that, in the end, it is property that is the basis of all relationships in the team. There is no need to be surprised here - the material takes its toll, especially such as:

Land plots,
. all kinds of buildings and structures (in other words, real estate),
. reclamation structures and structures for other production operations;

and, of course:

All livestock and poultry
. machinery and equipment,
. vehicles,
. inventory and any other equipment necessary for carrying out farming activities;

and also, of course:

All farm products,
. any financial resources, received from the activities of peasant farms.

It is especially emphasized that everything listed is in the joint use of members of the farm equally, unless otherwise specifically stated in the agreement - that’s when you can’t do without the help of a lawyer.

Full and detailed list Peasant farm property was clarified 3 and a half years after the publication of Law 74-F3 on December 4, 2006 in Law No. 201-F3.

The law also defines the following provisions regarding the ownership of peasant farm property:

All members of the household own the property jointly;
. The order of ownership is specified in the agreement;
. All ownership must be exercised only in the general interests of the farm;
. Property is the guarantor of transactions concluded by the economy;
. All transactions concluded by the head of the household are assumed to be concluded “by default” in the interests of all members of the household. If the transaction causes distrust among any member of the organization, and he believes that it was concluded in the interests of individuals, then such distrust certainly has the right to be announced, but in the presence of irrefutable evidence.

When it comes to property, there is no escape from talking about its division and inheritance. The following provisions apply here:

Very important! When one of the members of the farm leaves the organization, the land and means of production in full remain the property of the farm.
. The refusenik only has the right to monetary compensation for his share. If the size of this share the parties are forced to determine in judicial procedure, then the payment must be made no later than one year after filing the application for withdrawal (note, and not one year after the final court decision).
. Former member For another 2 years, the peasant farm is responsible for all actions of the organization committed during his tenure in it.
. If a peasant farm ceases its activities, then the property is divided among all its members in accordance with the requirements of the Civil Code.
. The Civil Code defines both the rules and rights of inheritance of peasant farm property.

Peasant farm land

If you think that disputes about land arose when someone once exclaimed: “Land for the peasants!” - then you are mistaken. These disputes are a hundred years old, and they have always been terribly difficult to resolve.

Is it any wonder that the law allocates the largest, 4th, chapter to the resolution of the “land issue” when creating peasant farms.

It got to the point that the law was reissued twice:

First on December 28, 2013 under No. 446-F3, and then,
. June 23, 2014 under number 171-F3,

And both times it was the 4th chapter that was corrected.

So, the chapter is called “Land plots provided and acquired for the farm to carry out its activities.”

First, we need to calm everyone down right away. If the type of permitted use of land is not included in the new list of types according to Law No. 446-F3, then you will not have to re-issue all the documents.

Secondly, it is clearly defined that a peasant farm can have agricultural land in its use, and on these lands construction necessary for the functioning of the farm is possible.

Thirdly, a peasant farm can challenge in court the refusal of a local government authority to provide the necessary land.

Fourthly, the procedure for allocating peasant farm lands is strictly focused on the provisions of another law - No. 101-F3 “On the turnover of agricultural land” dated July 24, 2002. And again we are talking about the need for reliable legal support for the activities of peasant farms.

Members and head of a peasant farm (peasant farm)

Of course, the list of peasant farm members cannot remain “in one place.” It is also possible to admit new members and expel experienced workers. Chapter 5 of the law is devoted to this topic.

It's quite simple:

The admission of new members occurs with the mutual consent of all members of the peasant farm and with a written application from the new entrant.
. Leaving the farm must also be preceded by a written statement.

From among the members of the farm, with the mutual consent of all, its head is elected, who must carry out his work for the benefit of the entire organization, without allowing the rights of any of its members to be infringed.

Article 17 of the law defines the powers of the head of the peasant farm:

“The head of the farm:

• organizes the activities of the farm;
• acts on behalf of the farm without a power of attorney, including representing its interests and making transactions;
• issues powers of attorney;
• carries out the hiring of workers in the farm and their dismissal;
• organizes accounting and reporting of the farm;
• exercises other powers determined by agreement between members of the farm.”

Closing and re-registration of peasant farms

If the head of the farm does not carry out his activities for six months, then his members at the meeting have the right to raise the issue of replacing him, which, however, does not entail the exclusion of the unsuccessful head from the members of the peasant farm.

The law allows the union of several peasant farms into unions on any basis, as long as the activities of such a new association meet the goals of the work of each peasant farm and fully comply with the laws of the Russian Federation.

Otherwise, supervisory authorities have the right to terminate the activities of any farm by court. Other reasons for the closure of peasant farms are also identified:

• By mutual consent of all members;
• If for various reasons there is not a single member left in the peasant farm;
• In case of bankruptcy of the farm;
• In case of transformation of peasant farms into production cooperative or business partnership.

If your peasant farm was created according to the old law of the RSFSR No. 348-1 “On Peasant (Farm) Farming” of 1990, then its re-registration is not required. Moreover, such farms can be transformed into “legal entities” on equal terms.

There is just a small nuance that needs to be kept in mind.

If your farm was already initially organized as a legal entity according to the old law of 1990, then re-registration is also not required, but only until January 1, 2021! This provision was introduced by laws No. 239-F3 and No. 263-F3 of October 30, 2009 and December 25, 2012, respectively.

Of course, organizing a peasant farm is a matter for initiative people, real hard workers on earth, connecting their entire future lives with it. It cannot be said that the many laws adopted have ensured any successful advancement for this form of organizing agricultural work on the land.

But what is certain is that the state thus speaks of its complete peasant farm support, and then it will depend on your luck, how things will go, how well thought out it will be and how truly in demand it will be on the market.

But here are some tips from those who decided to go down this road one day and were not disappointed:

• Be sure to gain experience in relationships and work. You shouldn’t immediately rush into business headlong. First, test the peasant farm in a small, even test version, which will not require large financial investments, then gradually expand.
• Rely only on yourself in this work, apply for loans as little as possible. At the very least, all work with banks should be thought out to the smallest detail. And this despite the fact that the state is supposedly constantly ready to support the development of peasant farms. But Skrynnik, having worked as a minister for 3 years, why did she go to live in the West, and here they are also talking about some kind of summons for her to the investigative authorities. All this terribly discredits the industry itself and its initiatives, which are generally very promising.
• All work must be accurately calculated, its algorithm must be understandable to any member of the farm, everyone must strictly carry out their work and understand 100% what the contribution of this work is to the success of the entire enterprise.
• It is very convenient that peasant farms can supply their products to any retail outlets, while products from personal subsidiary farms cannot appear in stores. Peasant farms are subject to a single tax, and this is only 6% of the total turnover of the farm. Well, when a peasant farm has grown enough, it can count on state help, but this will require official registration as a legal entity.

And here are the warnings from those who have made big shots in this matter:

• Peasant farms should not, at least at the beginning, get involved with trade - stop for now on solving the main problem of cultivation;
• The task of finding buyers for their products should become a permanent task for any peasant farm, and from here there is only one conclusion - constant advertising of their products and constant improvement of both their quality and services for their supply.

Why register as a Peasant Farm and is it profitable? Video