Use of isopropyl alcohol and precautions. Isopropyl alcohol: useful and dangerous properties Where is isopropyl alcohol found

A chemical compound called isopropyl alcohol has become widespread due to its disinfectant, preservative and cleansing properties. It is widely used in medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, products for motorists.

Isopropanol, IPA is a substance of organic nature. The structure of the propanol-1 isomer has the same qualitative and quantitative composition, but differs in the order of connection of atoms. Isopropyl alcohol is represented by the following formula: CH3CH(OH)CH3. This composition was obtained as a result chemical experiments with propanol. This compound belongs to substances of the third hazard class.

The medicine

In medicine, isopropanol is used as a universal disinfectant. It is part of the impregnating liquids for medical wipes, it is used to wipe the injection site. The ethyl alcohol solution previously used for these purposes is used much less frequently.

Biology

IHS is widely used as a preservative for the storage of analyzes and genetic material. It is much less toxic than formaldehyde (a derivative of ammonia), which was previously actively used for these purposes.

Most insecticides contain IPA and should be used with caution. Car windows will be reliably protected from icing, their optical qualities will be significantly improved when using special cans containing isopropyl alcohol.

Other industries

The price of isopropyl alcohol is low, which allows it to be included in the composition of the product without economic damage. It is less toxic than methanol, allowing the compound to be added to cosmetics and perfumes. Since such products have contact with the skin and are absorbed through its pores, their production requires absolute, that is, alcohol completely free from harmful impurities.

Paint and varnish production needs IPS, as this tool is an excellent solvent. Without such alcohol, the production of antifreeze is not complete. This liquid owes its non-freezing properties to him. The table shows that the higher the concentration of isopropanol in the antifreeze, the lower temperatures it tolerates.

As a solvent, alcohol is common for use in electronics to clean parts.
In the household, the substance can be used to successfully clean surfaces and fabrics. Be very careful when using it on synthetic surfaces, especially vinyl and rubber.

How can you get poisoned?

You can get poisoned with isopropyl alcohol by inhaling its vapors or by accidental ingestion. In some cases, low-quality vodka or moonshine may contain a certain amount of such alcohol. The toxic dose for humans is 15 grams of the substance. A smaller amount can cause indigestion in the form of diarrhea. Some antisocial individuals specifically use liquids containing isopropanol to get narcotic intoxication.

Symptoms

Pathological manifestations of poisoning are associated with the damaging effect of acetone, which is formed when the substance is broken down by alcohol dehydrogenase. This liver enzyme is involved in the inactivation of many toxic substances entering the body.

1. Initially, there is heaviness and pain in the head, which is accompanied by dizziness and unsteady gait, problems with coordination appear, speech becomes incoherent. All this resembles the clinical picture of alcohol intoxication, but a pronounced smell of acetone appears from the mouth.
2. In the future, drowsiness joins, from which the poisoned person can fall asleep. Intoxication can cause visual impairment in the form of a fuzzy image of objects, their doubling. Flashing dots appear and dark spots before your eyes.
3. Further, severe pains develop in the muscles of the limbs, which may be accompanied by tissue necrosis. Unpleasant sensations in the abdomen, lower back, chest join. In severe poisoning, respiratory failure may develop with a dysfunction of the respiratory center, which is located in the brainstem. Cardiac activity also weakens, arterial pressure decreases or rises and the filling of the pulse decreases. Convulsive syndrome may develop.

A dose of 250 grams is fatal to humans.

First aid

In case of poisoning with isopropanol, the victim must be urgently hospitalized. To remove the remnants of a toxic substance, the stomach should be washed with a solution of sodium bicarbonate and induce vomiting. A cleansing enema will remove the remaining substance from the intestines. With preserved consciousness, the poisoned person should be given any enterosorbent agent:

Alt: Smekta
Title: Smecta drug

• Enteros-gel;
• Polysorb;
• Smektu.

Diagnostics

Poisoning with isopropanol is established on the basis of anamnesis, clinical picture and the results of a biochemical blood test and a clinical urine test for the content of a toxic substance.

Treatment

Treatment is aimed at restoring the affected vital functions and removing the poison from the body.

Stabilization of well-being

In order to stabilize the activity of the affected organs, a glucose solution with ascorbic acid and vitamin PP is introduced. Intravenous administration of saline and sodium bicarbonate will help restore the disturbed acid-base balance. In severe cases, hemodialysis (artificial kidney) is needed to remove toxic substances from the body.

Poison elimination

To eliminate poison from the body are used:

• diuretics;
• laxatives;
• enterosorbents;
• cleansing enemas.

More intensive measures include transfusions of blood and plasma replacement fluids, as well as hemodialysis.

Specific neutralization of the poison is possible with the help of an antidote.

Antidote

Ethanol is used as an antidote to remove isopropyl alcohol from the body.

Symptomatic treatment

To eliminate pathological symptoms can be used:

• antihypertensive drugs;
• steroid hormonal preparations;
• respiratory analeptics;
• caffeine.

Severe pain syndrome may cause the appointment of painkillers.

Effects on the body

Defeat internal organs and the nervous system may subsequently manifest:

• inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa;
• damage to the liver and kidneys;
• toxic encephalopathy;
• polyneuropathy.

Residual effects of poisoning can persist for a long time and lead to disability of the patient.

Isopropyl alcohol - Chemical substance with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH3. It is often referred to as propanol-2, isopropanol, or IPA for short. We sell isopropyl alcohol, so we present to the visitors of the online store a short story about it.

Properties of isopropyl alcohol

Isopropanol is a secondary alcohol of the aliphatic series. It is able to form various esters, reacts with active metals, and when condensed with aromatic compounds, derivatives are obtained, for example, isopropylbenzene.
An excellent solvent, it dissolves itself in benzene and acetone, and mixes with water and organic solvents in any proportions.

Isopropanol dissolves well natural and some synthetic resins, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, and most oils. Not suitable for rubber and some plastics. It forms an azeotropic mixture with water, consisting of 87.9% propanol-2. It does not enter into chemical reactions with salt solutions, which is used to isolate it from an aqueous solution.

Isopropyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a pungent alcohol odor that is more "rough" than that of ethyl alcohol. Freezing point: 89.5 °C below zero. Vapors of the substance mix easily with air and high concentration form an explosive mixture, therefore, work with it in well-ventilated areas and keep it away from open flames and heating devices.

Isopropanol is toxic by inhalation and ingestion, can cause skin irritation, poisoning, and even death. The couples have a narcotic effect. Isopropyl alcohol is more toxic than ethyl alcohol, but it also intoxicates ten times faster, so a person is simply not able to take a lethal dose. Much more dangerous is long-term inhalation of vapors with an air content above the MPC.

Application of isopropyl alcohol

Its main scope is as a solvent in industry, in perfumery, in household chemicals, in repellents. The price of isopropyl alcohol is affordable, which, coupled with many useful properties makes it a sought-after substance. It is applied:

in the automotive industry. Particularly appreciated is the property of IPS to freeze at very low temperatures. The higher the concentration of isopropanol in the solution, the lower the freezing point of the liquid. It is used in antifreeze, windshield wipers, added to gasoline.
- In medicine - as a disinfectant (60-70% solution is impregnated with tampons and napkins, hands are cleaned).
- As an intermediate link in the production of other reagents in chemistry. Acetone and isopropylbenzene are produced from isopropanol on an industrial scale.
- In pharmacology, they are used in analyzes using gas chromatography.
- For the preservation of organic materials (an alternative to formaldehyde), for the preservation of analyzes in medicine and biology.
- Isopropyl alcohol as a cleaner is used in electrical engineering, electronics, metallurgy, furniture and fiber optics, etc.
- At home. Propanol-2 is less toxic than most household solvents. With its help, stains, glue, oils, paint, dirt from fabrics, paper, wood, metal and glass surfaces are struck.

This chemical is used for medicinal purposes for primary processing, in industry. We will find out what is isopropyl alcohol is, whether it is harmful to health, symptoms of poisoning with such a substance.

What is isopropyl alcohol?

In chemistry, isopropyl alcohol has such names as isopropanol, dimethylcarinol. In everyday life you can meet any of these terms. Its difference from propanol is that it has a different arrangement of the CH3 radical. It is similar to ethanol, so it is drunk by negligence, mistaking it for an alcoholic drink.

Let's get acquainted with the properties of isopropyl alcohol:

1. It burns very quickly and does not produce smoke or soot. During combustion, carbon dioxide and water are formed.
2. It has less toxicity than propanol. Therefore, it is used in some cases in cosmetology.
3. It is a very good solvent.
4. It can dissolve in water in any proportions.
5. During the dehydrogenation reaction, it turns into acetone.
6. Has a pungent odor.
7. Its density is less than water.
8. When mixed with air, an explosive mixture is formed.

What happens if you drink isopropyl alcohol? If small amounts of such a substance enter the body, alcohol intoxication will occur. Moreover, the intoxicating effect develops from the ingestion of even a small amount of alcohol. It is more toxic than ethanol.

Where is this substance used?

It is used in many industries. Its main advantage is its excellent properties as a solvent.

• Recently, it has been increasingly used instead of ethanol as a solvent.
• For medical purposes, it is used as an excellent disinfectant.
• This substance is part of many cosmetic and perfumery products.
• Used as a repellant.
• It is an excellent stabilizer for aviation fuel.
• It is used as a solvent in the production of various paint and varnish products.
• Isopropyl alcohol is found in many household cleaning products.
• This substance is part of antifreeze - special compounds that do not freeze at low temperatures.
• Based on isopropyl alcohol, adhesives and other substances suitable for the production of printed circuit boards are obtained.

How can you get poisoned?

Isopropyl alcohol poisoning occurs at home or at work. This is due to the fact that it is available to almost everyone. Recently, due to the spread of alcoholic substitutes, poisoning is possible due to its ingestion.

Is isopropyl alcohol harmful to health? It is strictly forbidden to ingest it as a substitute for alcohol. This action is tantamount to the use of poison, which acts on the human body slowly. When this alcohol enters the body, it is converted into acetone. An increased amount of acetone in the cells and tissues of the human body causes severe poisoning.

The main cause of poisoning with this substance is its ingestion. It causes a very strong alcohol intoxication. At the same time, addiction to it develops very quickly. Oral consumption of even 50 ml of alcohol leads to acute poisoning.

You can also get poisoned by isopropyl alcohol vapors. This can happen if the substance was spilled inside enclosed space, and a person inhaled vapors of a toxic substance for a long time.

Most often, isopropyl alcohol poisoning occurs among socially disadvantaged persons without a fixed place of residence and suffering from final stages alcoholism.

The pathogenesis of poisoning

The scheme of isopropanol poisoning is as follows:

1. Absorption of the substance in the gastric mucosa.
2. Entry into the blood.
3. Metabolism of isopropyl alcohol in the liver with the help of alcohol dehydrogenase (about 90 percent of the poison is processed this way).
4. Excretion of a small amount of chemically unchanged substance with the lungs and kidneys.
5. Breakdown of isopropanol in the blood to dimethyl ketone.
6. The development of toxic ketonemia and damage to the kidneys, liver and brain.

The half-life of such a substance is about 7 hours. The lethal amount of alcohol is about 250-300 ml when taken orally. 50 milliliters is enough to make a person feel very drunk (as a rule, further use of isopropanol is stopped).

It should also be remembered that the main damaging factor in the internal use of small doses of isopropyl alcohol (up to 50 ml) is its decay product, that is, acetone.

Symptoms of intoxication

Signs of alcohol intoxication are as follows:

• Acute alcohol intoxication. A person has impaired gait, coherence of movements, speech.
• When isopropyl alcohol enters a person, deep sleep can occur.
• With an excess amount of isopropanol, a person experiences pain in the head, severe fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and very strong, repeated vomiting.
• There are strong pain sensations in the muscles, lower back, joints, chest, body.
• An increased amount of isopropyl alcohol can lead to severe visual impairment: the appearance of fog in the field of vision, flies, diplopia.
• When inhaling concentrated vapors of isopropyl alcohol, reflex respiratory arrest may occur. In severe cases, a person has a disorder in the work of the respiratory center.
• In severe degrees of poisoning, the skin becomes cold, marbled or bluish. The breathing of such a person is superficial, the pulse is not palpable, blood pressure rises sharply and toxic convulsions develop.
• If the concentration of a poisonous substance in the blood reaches 1.2 ppm, then deep sleep and death are possible.
• An intestinal lesion develops with the release of bloody discharge.
• There is a smell of acetone from the air.

The harm of isopropyl alcohol is obvious. It should not be taken orally under any circumstances.

First aid

Isopropyl alcohol is a medium toxic substance. But its effect will depend on how much a person has consumed it inside. The most unfavorable moment in the treatment of intoxication with isopropyl alcohol may be the absence of an antidote in specific conditions - a means that can neutralize it. Therefore, at the initial signs of intoxication, you should consult your doctor.

The first aid steps are:

1. The patient needs plenty of warm water.
2. It is necessary to enter a laxative.
3. Provided that the patient is conscious, he must be given a sorbent - for example,.

Other actions (for example, applying a heating pad to the stomach or legs, giving a strong laxative, alcohol and other drinks) are strictly contraindicated. It is forbidden to give any antispasmodics or analgesics, a strong saline laxative. The poisoned person must be taken to a medical facility.

Features of treatment

In the conditions of inpatient treatment, symptomatic therapy is prescribed:

• The patient is injected with saline and plasma-like components in large quantities.
• Intravenous drip of vitamins is used.
• If necessary, hormones are prescribed (for example, Prednisolone).
• Measures are being taken to correct the acid-base balance.

Stabilization of the patient's state of health is carried out even at the pre-hospital stage - that is, when he is placed in the intensive care unit. For resuscitation, central vein catheterization is performed, the patient's mouth and nose are cleaned (to ensure normal breathing). If the poisoned people have an acute respiratory failure, then they are connected to a ventilator.

Poison can be removed by gastric lavage. For this, a thick gastric tube is inserted. If the patient drank alcohol more than three hours ago, then washing is useless. If it is necessary to isolate the absorbed poison, then the following procedures are used:

1. Dialysis.
2. Forced diuresis.
3. Enterosorption.
4. Washing the gastrointestinal tract.

Ethyl alcohol is used as a specific antidote. It is strictly forbidden to drink it inside in case of poisoning! Ethanol is injected into the body by intravenous drip (0.5 l of a 10% solution in glucose is used - 5 or 10 percent). If the patient is intolerant to glucose, then isotonic sodium chloride solution can be used.

With timely treatment, recovery occurs.

Diagnostics

Laboratory definition of poisoning includes:

• blood analysis;
• blood tests for electrolytes;
• biochemical blood test;
• electrocardiogram;
• chest x-ray.

What are the consequences of intoxication?

The use of isopropanol is dangerous not only for the symptoms of poisoning, but also for the consequences. A person is at high risk of developing:

1. Diseases of the liver and kidneys (the liver is poisoned by the products of processing of the substance).
2. Gastritis.
3. Ulcers of the stomach and duodenum.
4. Paralysis.
5. Severe dysfunctions in the work of the nervous system.
6. Severe disorders of the hormonal system.

The prognosis for poisoning worsens markedly if the patient drank a significant amount of alcohol. The outcome of treatment will depend on how qualified and quality the treatment was.

Video: isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol).

How to prevent poisoning?

In order to prevent intoxication when working with isopropyl alcohol, such measures must be observed.

• If the maximum permissible concentration of such a substance in the room rises, then a gas mask must be used.
• If you work with a liquid and spill it, you should remember that its vapors can also enter the body through the respiratory tract. In this case, the room should be well ventilated.
• It is desirable that the room has equipment to control the concentration of isopropanol in the air.
• Alcohol should be stored in packages that exclude evaporation.

The liquid is stored out of the reach of children. Because of their ignorance, they may take isopropanol by mouth. Severe poisoning in such cases can occur even as a result of the use of 10 grams of the substance.

Isopropanol is a toxic substance and should not be taken internally. When the first signs of intoxication appear, you should immediately begin gastric lavage and call an ambulance.

Isopropyl alcohol is a colorless, flammable liquid with a strong alcoholic odor. Isopropyl alcohol is widely used in various fields of human activity. Main characteristics: simple chemical formula, affordable price and properties that are of paramount importance for various industries.

There are several qualifications (types) of isopropyl alcohol, the main ones are absolute and technical. In absolute isopropyl alcohol, there is more of the main substance, less water and impurities. From the point of view of an ordinary consumer, both qualifications are technical isopropyl alcohol, which you can buy by contacting through an application or by phone.

We have been selling petrochemicals of the highest quality for over 20 years and guarantee the absolute physical and chemical compliance of isopropanol with the requirements of Russian and European standards. Leading among our regular customers industrial enterprises countries.

The company's work is focused on the sale of isopropyl alcohol to consumers at the best price from the manufacturer. Competitive advantages our products - high quality, low odor, no impurities and economical cost. Cooperating with a direct supplier of chemical raw materials in Moscow, you insure yourself against the risk of acquiring counterfeit!

Chemical properties of isopropyl alcohol

Chemically, isopropanol is the simplest monohydric secondary alcohol, which has the properties of fatty alcohols and forms ethers and esters. Alkaloids, essential oils, chloroform, water, various chemical compounds, natural and synthetic resins are perfectly soluble in isopropyl alcohol.

Isopropanol does not interact with saline solutions. Unlike methanol and ethanol, this alcohol can be isolated from an aqueous solution to which table salt or any salt of an inorganic substance is added. Isopropanol reacts with powerful oxidizing agents. Aggressively reacts to some types of rubber and plastic.

Isopropanol production

There are two ways industrial production isopropyl alcohol from petrochemical raw materials - sulfuric acid hydration of propylene and hydrogenation of acetone. As a feedstock for the first method, a propane-propylene fraction obtained from catalytic or thermal cracking gases and free of hydrocarbons is used.

In the second method, acetone containing less than 1% water acts as a raw material. In both cases, the end product is isopropyl alcohol, which has a wide range of uses. The formation of by-products is virtually eliminated and costly separations are not required. Both the first and second methods are used for the production of isopropanol on a large technical scale.

Application of isopropanol

Isopropyl alcohol is an excellent solvent and therefore is in demand in the oil, metallurgical, chemical, furniture, medical, food, perfumery, paint and varnish and wood chemical industries. The antiseptic effect of isopropanol is much higher than that of ethanol. Because of this, isopropyl alcohol is used as:

• dehydrating agent;
• solvent during recrystallization;
• extractant of pure impurities;
• preservative agent;
• stabilizer;
• defroster.

Most of the isopropyl alcohol, both in our country and in the world, is used to make acetone. In recent years, the production of low-density polyethylene and polypropylene has become a significant consumer of isopropyl alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol is widely demanded in the field of ester synthesis.

Isopropanol - isopropyl alcohol (absolute or technical) - is traditionally used in the cleaning of optical fibers. This is due to the fact that this product is better than other compounds (including ethanol), is able to eliminate pollution, while not leaving streaks. The tool is available in different packages. Aerosol cans, for example, contain highly purified isopropyl alcohol. It is used to remove contaminants from the end surface of the connectors.

Description

The compound is a colorless, transparent liquid. Isopropyl alcohol belongs to the third class of hazardous substances and is considered "moderately hazardous". In the air of the working area, the maximum allowable concentration is 10 mg/m 2 . When penetrated into the human body, even in small doses, it causes poisoning. Isopropanol is a flammable compound with a flash point of 12 degrees. Evaporates quickly.

Application

The substance has the properties of a universal mild cleaner, is able to bind water (better than other alcohols), eliminates not only dirt dissolved in water, but also grease, oil stains from different type surfaces.

Most often, isopropyl alcohol is used in the preparation of optical fibers. With the help of lint-free wipes impregnated with the substance, the acrylate buffer is completely removed from the surfaces, the remains of which are present after the use of the stripper. In addition, the compound is used when cleaning optics from contamination. In particular, isopropanol is used when working with the end surfaces of optical connectors. During their operation, various contaminants accumulate, especially dust. Because of this, difficulties may arise during the transmission of optical signals, for example, an increase in the operating attenuation of the line. As a result, errors may occur during the transmission of the digital stream. Particularly sensitive to such problems are systems with high compaction and high speeds(10 Gb/s).

Benefits of using

Isopropyl alcohol of the highest purity does not leave streaks, which are usually noted with other substances and worsen the result. When working with optical fiber, the use of other compounds, as a rule, is not possible. This is primarily due to the low quality of funds. In addition, isopropanol quickly erodes from the surface, which makes it more convenient to use compared to other compounds.

Where to buy isopropyl alcohol

The sale of the product is carried out by specialized companies that have permits for this. Isopropanol goes through a standardization process before entering the firms. Depending on the degree of purification of the compound, packaging and manufacturer, the price is set for it. The most popular and convenient containers are plastic bottles with a capacity of 1 liter. This packaging allows you to accurately pour isopropanol without loss and fill dispensers that are used by specialists when working with optical fiber and other surfaces.