Assistance to beginning farmers under government programs. Where to start farming? Farm business plan. State program to support beginning farmers State program farmer and what is going on to whom is it being distributed

The Russian government decided to increase the budget for farm subsidies. The most important regulator for the agricultural industry agriculture stands for the Federal Law “On the Development of Agriculture”.

The Government of the Russian Federation has modeled a state program for agricultural support and regulation, which is designed for the period from 2013 to 2020 inclusive. The program includes a full range state plans and initiatives for the future. IN this document subsections in all areas of agricultural development are reflected.

Every year in legislative framework This program is being amended by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Forms of state assistance to farmers

In 2019, farmers can count on the following forms of support for agricultural business development:

1. Grant for starting a business (for beginning farmers).
2. One-time support for farmers.
3. Reimbursement of costs for land registration.
4. Credit programs.

Grants can be provided to farmers on a competitive basis. To participate, the farmer must submit an application supported by the following documents:

1. Questionnaire.
2. Bid.
3. Two documents (certification of completion of agricultural special courses, work record book, certificate of education, extract certifying farming).
4. Extract from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs.
5. Copy of passport.
6. Business plan.
7. A copy of the peasant farm registration certificate.
8. Estimate.
9. Certificate from the Federal Tax Service.
10. An extract from a personal bank account.
11. Certificate of availability of livestock, special equipment, and agricultural equipment.
12. Implementation agreement for an amount of more than 30,000 rubles.
13. Characteristic.

When submitting a copy work book The competition participant must have at least 3 years of work experience in the field of agriculture. Also, when submitting a bank statement, you need to remember that current account The amount must be at least 10% of the grant value.

This list cannot be changed by the participant. All listed documents must be submitted to participate in the competition.

Reimbursement of costs for land registration is also a separate measure of farmer support. In this case, the subsidy is provided only for agricultural plots that:

1. Transmitted for .
2. Transmitted to .
3. There were a plot of land.

The state can reimburse money spent during cadastral work during the procedure for registering land ownership. The subsidy can be 100% of the funds at rates determined by the region according to the calculation per hectare.

One-time assistance for farmers is provided for the following expenses:

1. Purchase of transport for transporting passengers.
2. Connecting the living space to gas and electricity networks, water supply and sewerage.
3. Purchase of housing and subsequent construction and repairs, if it is the only one (the costs of repaying the loan and interest are also included).
4. Purchase of installations that are intended for cleaning water, heating, gas installations and other devices used for supplying water and septic tanks.
5. Purchase and delivery of 1 unit of home furniture, engineering equipment, communication equipment, household appliances, gas and electric stoves.

As for lending programs, support is provided for the following areas:

1. Guarantee for loans.
2. Microfinance.
3. Interest-free loans.
4. Financial support, which provides the right to receive money to repay the costs that the farmer incurred in paying interest on bank loans.
5. Other types of loans.

In 2019 financial support will be provided by the state different directions. This list can be expanded to cover costs for:

• rental of land plots and specialized equipment;
• purchase of fertilizers, feed, farm animals;
• execution of installation and construction works (reimbursement is carried out partially);
• activities aimed at improving agricultural production;
• landscaping work.

In 2019, the following can apply for state financial support:

1. Agricultural cooperatives.
2. Individual entrepreneurs specializing in agriculture.

According to statistics, the size is increasing every year government grants, intended for farmers. By the end of this year, the amount of financial support may reach 30 billion rubles. To date, more than 120 farmers have received subsidies from Federal budget and allocated funds for business development.

Support Dimensions

In 2019, the volume of financing for the agricultural industry was increased. Now farmers can count on more serious support from the state.

The state decided to provide additional funding to the agricultural sector in the hope that this particular investment would be justified and positive for the economic situation in the country.

True, the amounts of subsidies may differ from the published standard due to the different coefficients of the regions.

In accordance with the regulations of Federal legislation, farmers can receive a maximum of 30,000,000 rubles. At the same time, one important condition must be met - the allocated subsidy can cover up to 60% of all costs incurred. It follows from this that applicants must have funds available that are sufficient to cover 40% of expenses (10% personal funds, 30% credit).

To receive a grant from the state, farmers must fulfill a number of requirements:

• run your own business;
• have a residence permit in a specific region;
• use the labor of workers related to them by family ties living in the same region;
• have not previously received subsidies from the state and local authorities;
• the enterprise must be at least 12 months old.

It is worth noting that in 2019 the Government decided to financially support beginning farmers, for whom the special program. According to its terms one-time funds allocated from the Federal budget will have to be spent on modernizing the farmer’s existing farm or improving living conditions.

Beginning farmers can take part in this program and receive from 1,500,000 to 4,000,000 rubles. However, applicants must meet the following conditions:

• the farmer must have at least 10 years of experience in the agricultural sector, and up to two years of entrepreneurial experience;
• the applicant must have a higher education in the agricultural sector;
• To receive a subsidy, you must draw up a competent business plan, and also present letters of recommendation from the previous place of work;
• a beginning farmer must have personal funds that will be enough for him to pay part of the costs (at least 1/10 of the part);
• Documentary confirmation of the sources of sales of agricultural products is required.

Beginning farmers need to understand that the chosen direction must be relevant for a specific region. During the presentation of the business plan, they will have to prove that the future agricultural enterprise will be profitable.

New farmers can receive financial assistance from the state in another way. To do this, they should open an organization in which they will carry out labor activity relatives. If the business expands and the livestock increases to over one hundred animals, they will be able to attract up to 5 hired workers for cooperation.

Receipt procedure

To participate in any possible government program, two conditions must be met:

1. Create a business project.
2. Submit all necessary documents for participation to the Ministry of Agriculture in your region.

Requirements for participants

The requirements for farmers in 2019 are simple - to have funds in a personal bank account, and also to be able to protect their business project.

You also need to pay attention to the direction of development of your business. If the business project is of a large scale, involves the construction of premises, the purchase of elements of agricultural equipment, there will be a high probability of receiving a grant.

Also, when submitting an application, you need to prepare a complete list of documents required to participate in the competition, which are presented above.

Application procedure

First farmers need submit all documents to the Ministry of Agriculture in your region. Happens within 15 days expert assessment business project of the applicant farmer, the result of which will be the decision made.

The provided package of documents must fully reflect the essence of the business idea and be as competent, clear and reasoned as possible.

Carefully study the list of required documents. After reviewing the application, a call is received to the Ministry of Agriculture for a conversation. During the conversation, experts evaluate business qualities applicant and make the final decision. If the application is approved, the subsidized funds will be credited to the bank account within 1-3 months after the actual grant is issued.

Practice

Since 2015 deadlines for issuing grants for farmers started to decline.

Every year, the Ministry of Agriculture of each region sends requests to the Government of the Russian Federation to reduce the time frame for issuing subsidies to farmers; special progress is noticeable in 2019 - maximum term receipt of a subsidy from the date of filing an application for participation in the competition is 3 months, minimum term reduced to 21 days.

Russian Minister of Agriculture Alexander Tkachev is not going to stop on the issue of reducing the time frame for receiving subsidies. Moreover, if the expert commission accepted the application for participation in competitive selection highly profitable, then for 2019 express subsidies will be possible, the terms of which, according to preliminary data, are limited to two weeks.

On the procedure for subsidizing the agricultural sector using the example of the Rostov region

The procedure for providing funds from the budget is explained by the Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the Rostov Region Olga Anatolyevna Mironova.

With the introduction of Western sanctions, additional incentives appeared for agricultural production.

The government has set a goal of filling retail outlets with Russian products, and today farmers are offered solid support programs.

What is their essence and how can a farmer take advantage of government assistance?

Goals of these programs

These are the realities agricultural sector economy: without support, it is difficult for a farmer, and even large representatives, to achieve serious and stable results. Therefore, systemic financial injections are being carried out at the government level - subsidizing the industry in all areas.

This may include:

Legislative framework

The main regulator of the agro-industrial sector is the Federal Law “On the Development of Agriculture”.

The strategy for supporting the Russian agro-industrial complex is presented State program for agricultural development and regulation for 2013-2020. It is there that all government initiatives and plans for the upcoming seven-year period are collected. The document includes subprograms in all areas of agriculture.

Changes and additions to the legislative framework are made by government regulations and clarifications.

Priority areas of activity

For effective development in the agricultural sector, subsidies are intended for main directions:

Expectations from the implementation of the plan are larger:

• expand the commodity market;
• increase salaries in the industry;
• create new jobs and areas of activity;
• reclaim abandoned lands.

By 2020, the agricultural industry will be completely updated and ready for independent progressive development. But these are all just perspectives. Now the industry is going through hard times.

According to analysts, it will take 7 years to completely replace imported meat and dairy; to obtain consistently high crop yields, it will take at least 5 years. Modernization requires enormous efforts and costs, which must be supported by systemic assistance from the state.

Types, conditions and procedure for participation in programs

The subsidy support measures applied in the past year have carried over into the coming year. It should be noted that back in the fall of 2016, the government started talking about fundamental changes in state financing of agriculture.

But, as often happens at the dawn of reforms, the new is just being outlined, but the old continues to be used.

Let's talk about general views existing subsidies:

• Grants for the development of peasant farms. Provided on a competitive basis intended purpose for the acquisition of agricultural land, development and installation of communication systems, construction of economic facilities. assumes strict reporting recipient about the intended use of funds.
• Loan funds to reimburse interest costs. They are provided exclusively for the modernization of the economy.
• Subsidizing leasing for the purchase of agricultural equipment and machinery.
• Compensation for expenses for the construction of family farm facilities.
• One-time subsidy. Available for installation farm: acquisition or construction of housing, purchase of cargo and passenger transport, communications.

A farmer can apply for all types of assistance, but only if he meets the eligibility requirements. Applications are reviewed by competition commissions.

Terms of service:

1. Professional qualities of the applicant. Farmer must have at least 10 years of experience. Agricultural workers with higher education have an advantage.
2. The future farmer must maintain a personal subsidiary plot for at least 10 years.
3. Letters of recommendation from municipalities or membership in cooperatives are required.
4. A business plan is submitted for the object to receive subsidies.
5. If an application for a grant is submitted, the potential recipient is required to provide up to 30% of the grant amount with their own finances or means of production. The number of livestock, farm buildings and other property used in the activity will be counted.
6. Product sales schemes. Advantage goes to applicants who already have existing farms with established ways of selling what they produce. This is confirmed by contracts with retail outlets, purchasing lines, other documents.

When providing subsidies, especially grants, it is taken into account social significance project for the region. For example, the creation of additional jobs by the farmer, the equipment of access roads, etc.

Preparation of documents

In general cases this is:

Depending on the type of assistance, other documents may be needed.

Beginning Farmer Program

It’s always difficult to start, so in 2019 the state continues to support newly created farms.

Size and conditions of participation

Financing format– development grant or one-time subsidy for household improvements.

In the first case, the applicant claims 1.5 million rubles, in the second – up to 300 thousand.

The grant is being spent for the purchase of planting materials, fertilizers, feed, expansion of livestock and poultry, land plots and for other needs of agricultural activities. The subsidy helps aspiring entrepreneurs create decent living conditions.

How to apply

To receive grant support, you need contact the Ministry of Agriculture of your region, collect documents and protect yours.

There is no need to be alarmed: there will be no public hearings. Protection means an expert assessment of the applicant’s business and his business qualities based on the package provided.

The decision is made 15 days after submitting the application form.

"Family Livestock Farm"

This program aimed at development social structure villages, increasing livestock numbers, supporting family agricultural businesses.

A family farm is considered if all the workers involved are relatives (not necessarily close ones).

Subsidy form– grant funding.

Transfer amount and terms of provision

The program covers farmers engaged in breeding dairy and beef cattle.

Requirements to applicants:

• number of employees – at least three people;
• Before submitting an application, the farm must operate for a year;
• the family has not received before, creation and development peasant farms.

Competition participant questionnaire sent to the agricultural department subject of registration of the farm.

Maximum grant amount is equivalent to 60 percent of the farm's expenses reflected in the business plan and cost plan. The maximum in monetary terms is set for all regions of the country – 10 million rubles. The farm must confirm the presence of 40% of its own collateral from the grant amount. It is not prohibited to use credit.

The distribution of federal subsidies is carried out by the regions, which receive tranches from the state budget. In addition, local authorities have the right to provide support to agricultural producers from the local budget.

Old help in a new way

In 2019, the government will allocate 300 billion rubles for the development of the agro-industrial sector.

The money will be distributed according to a different scheme.

If previously tranches were sent for specific programs, then in 2019 the subject the full amount is transferred for the development of agriculture. There are insurance preferences, subsidized loans, farm and peasant forms of farming, gardening and livestock breeding. In short, all areas of the agro-industrial complex represented in a particular subject.

The scheme was named "single regional subsidy".

Providing loans

The program was launched from 01/01/17 preferential lending economic entities of the agro-industrial complex system. Banks will issue loans for the modernization and development of farms at 5% per annum.

In this regard The recipient of interest subsidies changes: Now these are lending institutions. The state will reimburse 100% of the key rate to banks that issue loans to agricultural producers on preferential terms.

The new conditions are convenient, first of all, for farmers. Now there will be no need to divert significant amounts from circulation to pay interest, which the state then reimburses to the borrower through a subsidy.

Banks to participate in the program approves the Ministry of Agriculture. The criterion is the availability of our own credit products on attractive terms for farmers.

Requirements for borrowers quite loyal:

• the applicant has no current arrears on other loans;
• stability in economic development;
• income that allows you to make current payments.

The bank will definitely refuse to farmers who are in bankruptcy or reorganization.

Existing problems

The almost complete transfer of subsidy distribution to the regions is alarming. This will not bring anything good to agricultural entrepreneurship and production in general.

But the main problem of supporting Russian farmers is unstable financing. According to the Ministry of Finance, the volume of assistance will be reduced in 2017 by 1.4 times less than what was originally included in the Program passport for 2013-2020. Without due financial security the Government’s loud intentions to reform the agro-industrial complex will descend to the level of project-mongering.

ABOUT state support farmers of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic are told in the following video:

Requirements for receiving grants

It should be noted right away that not everyone can receive help from the state - for this it is necessary to meet a number of criteria established by the conditions for participation in the Beginning Farmer program. Conditions for providing a grant to a beginning farmer the following:

• specialized agricultural education or work experience in agriculture for at least 3 years - if you are just planning to start farming, have not previously worked in this field and do not have the appropriate education, you will not be able to take part in the grant program;
• head position production association(farm or peasant enterprise, cooperative, etc.), which is registered no more than 2 years before submitting the application - thus, only beginning agricultural producers and newly created farms are stimulated;
• Russian Federation citizenship and working age - foreigners cannot apply for grants, as well as people who have not reached working age or are retired.
• The applicant has not previously received similar grants as part of another farm.

Some regions may have additional requirements, such as mandatory registration locality, where the activity will be conducted, lack of business experience in other areas in the last 3 years, etc. Get more detailed information You can find out about the requirements on the websites of the relevant regional departments.

In addition, there are conditions that must be guaranteed by the applicant after receiving the grant:

• creation of at least three new jobs in a cooperative or farm (excluding the head), and only the permanent employment of employees is taken into account, seasonal work are not considered such employment;
• spending the grant funds in the first year after receipt - all funds received must be spent (and exclusively on the needs of the economy and its development) within 12 (in some cases - 18) months from the date of allocation by the state;
• the enterprise must carry out its core activities for at least 5 years from the date of receipt of the grant. If the legal entity is re-profiled within this period or ceases activities, the grant will be considered wasted.

If these conditions are not met, the state has the right to demand the funds back, as well as impose additional sanctions on the recipient of assistance.

List of documents for a beginning farmer to receive a grant

In order to take part in the Beginning Farmer program, you will need to prepare a number of documents, namely:

• application in the form of a completed standard form;
• a business plan is the main document for obtaining a grant. It describes all future activities of the enterprise, including the profile of work, the expected volume of products received and its cost, income and expenses by year, time frames for reaching break-even and self-sufficiency, etc. The business plan must be sufficiently detailed, realistic and take into account at least 3 (and preferably 5) years;
• expenditure plan – this describes for what purposes the grant funds and other funds raised by the farm (for example, loans, investments, etc.) will be spent. The acquired assets (agricultural machinery, seed, fertilizers, chemical agents, livestock, etc.), quantity, cost, as well as sources of financing for each asset are listed;
• document on specialized education (diploma) or an extract from the work book indicating at least 3 years of experience in agriculture;
• extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities on registration legal entity– farm, confirming that the farm was created no earlier than 24 months before the application;
• an extract from the bank where the legal entity's accounts are serviced, confirming the availability of funds in the amount of at least 10% of the grant amount (standard grant size is from 1 to 3 million rubles);
• certificate of assets existing in the enterprise - equipment, livestock, arable land, buildings, product processing workshops, etc.;
• passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, TIN.

If at the time of submitting the application the enterprise already has hired employees and is conducting business, additional documents are provided - a certificate of the number of employees, the volume of products produced, etc. These documents, although not required, can improve your chances of receiving a grant.

The procedure for providing grants to beginning farmers

Grants are provided on a competitive basis. A special commission, which is created under the regional department in charge of agriculture, analyzes applications and determines the most worthy applicants. The procedure for providing grants to beginning farmers next:

Submitting a package of documents for consideration by the commission

All papers listed above are submitted along with the completed application to the commission. It is necessary to keep an eye on application deadlines as they are not fixed and may vary from region to region.

Signing a grant agreement

Those applicants who were selected by the commission must sign an agreement. It indicates the amount financial assistance, the purposes for which it should be spent (based on the documents provided by the applicant), the format for reporting the funds spent, expected results, conditions for repayment of the grant.

Reporting for funds received

After the period of use, the grant recipient must account for its use, taking into account the conditions imposed (intended use, job creation, etc.).

The procedure for obtaining a grant looks quite simple, but due to the large number of applications, not every beginning farmer can receive the desired assistance. To increase your chances, it is recommended to follow these recommendations:

• pay special attention to the preparation of documentation - the commission is not familiar with you and your business, it will rely only on the documents provided and make a decision based on them;
• do not use dubious sources of income in documents, do not indicate false or unrealistic indicators - most likely, the fraud will be exposed, and the applicant will never be able to apply for grants again. Similar sanctions also await those who intend to use allocated funds for inappropriate spending;
• take care of legal support - large number necessary documents, knowledge of all procedures require legal assistance. Participation in preparation for the competition by an experienced specialist in the field significantly increases the chances of winning a grant.

If you meet all the requirements and follow these recommendations, you can safely count on help for a novice farmer.

Conclusion

State program“Beginner Farmer” allows new agricultural producers to receive funds for development. But to receive a grant, you need to meet a number of conditions, prepare a thorough package of documents and be selected by a specialized commission. When preparing for the competition, the assistance of a specialized lawyer will be important.

Many people are of the opinion that life in the village and farming are irrelevant. But think about it - after all, every day on store shelves we see the products of small private farms. In rural conditions, it is sometimes easier to earn money than in the city. Combining different types agricultural production, you can get by with relatively low costs.

How to become a farmer? This business is not limited to simply raising pigs, chickens and cows and growing vegetables. This the whole system. It implies the presence of a business plan for a farm with official registration of activities. In addition, there is a well-thought-out system for regulating expenses and income.

Farming from scratch: how to start?

As you know, a business always starts with an idea - regardless of the scale. The one who decided to open own farm, must, first of all, decide on a suitable direction. On a farmstead you can engage in both crop production and livestock farming. The main thing is to think through everything correctly and create a successful combination.

That is why a thorough study of the characteristics of the production of various crops and raising animals will be required. Before becoming a farmer, you should learn about the incompatibility of individual areas. In particular, the cultivation of certain fruit crops It is strictly contraindicated to produce near areas where cattle are kept.

Once you have decided where to start farming, you will need to think about the material and monetary resources that will be required. future business. Everything should be provided for - from the primary financial investments before arranging premises for keeping animals, organizing the farm territory, purchasing feed and fertilizers. In addition, the future economy will require mandatory registration. Most often, such activities are carried out in the form of individual entrepreneurs.

Farming: types of activities

If you decide to open livestock farm, the farm will provide you with meat, milk, eggs and leather. In addition, no one will prohibit combining raising animals, crop farming, fish farming or beekeeping. The main thing is to remember that all animals will require care of the proper quality and adherence to sanitary standards.

Let's take a little closer look at exactly what directions may take place for individual entrepreneur in peasant farming.

We breed piglets

Pork is always in demand on the market and costs a lot. This business is quite profitable, because if you take this area seriously, with good care you can get up to 30 piglets from one sow within a year. Each adult pig- this is about 200 kilos of meat and lard.

For breeding, piglets are usually purchased at one month of age. They are less susceptible to disease and adapt well to new conditions. The room for them (pig sty) should be kept clean, insulated in winter period and be sure to provide vents. Crowding is contraindicated for animals. They are fed according to a schedule, with pauses not exceeding eight hours.

The food is greens (in large quantities), meat and dairy products and special feed for pigs. One pig can be purchased for an amount from 3,500 to 5,000 rubles. It depends on its breed, age and area of ​​animal husbandry. You can breed pigs by starting with purchasing a pair of healthy piglets.

Goats, cows, horses and sheep

In summer they are all able to feed on grass. They will need soft hay for the winter. good quality. For feeding, horses are given oats, and cows are given mixed feed.

The yield of a good dairy cow is up to 30 liters of milk daily. From one goat you can get from 5 to 8 liters, and the cost of goat milk is higher, since it is considered a delicacy.

Horses are most often used as draft power. Sheep are bred for their meat, which is also considered a delicacy. As for sheep, their wool has long been considered the most valuable material. Breeding both goats and sheep is one of the most popular and profitable types of business in agriculture.

Rabbits

Both fur and meat are obtained from them. At the same time, the animals are quite unpretentious in terms of keeping and breeding. A rabbit farm is a system of enclosures, cages, pits or sheds. The choice of premises for keeping is a personal matter for the farmer. However, certain conditions must be adhered to:

• Protect animals from direct sunlight and drafts.
• Provide adequate feeding.
• Don't forget about timely vaccination.
• Maintain cleanliness in the cages and provide the animals with high-quality drinking water on time.
• Remember the optimal temperature regime.

The diet for rabbits combines a large amount of fresh fruits and vegetables in season with concentrated dry food. Hay and grass are quite suitable for feeding them.

Fish farming

These days this business is one of the most profitable. But doing it requires certain knowledge, as well as considerable investment. Agricultural enterprises such as fisheries are most often set up on the basis of artificial ponds, which can be different types. It depends on the volume of production and preferred types. Due to the need for a large area for constructing a pond, the cost of this business may be overwhelming for a beginning farmer.

Who can you most often meet in an artificial pond? Carp, crucian carp, pike perch, silver carp, carp and tench. Although pond fish are able to provide themselves with food, they still cannot do without feeding. Bran, cake, and mixed feed are used as it.

Starting around May, the fish are fed on “feeding tables”, which are heavy square-shaped wooden trays measuring approximately 50 x 50 cm. Each hectare of pond will require at least four of these “feeding tables” for fish.

Beekeeping

With the right approach, the profit from an apiary can be quite good. In addition, bees pollinate fruit plants. How are such agricultural enterprises organized? The location for the apiary is selected based on the principle of being deserted and remote from roads, close to the areas where honey plants are grown.

Then it is necessary to install hives with 12-24 frames, as well as an omshanik (winter hive). The beekeeper can buy hives or make them himself. To do this, the beekeeper will need a workbench, hand or power tools. Bees can be purchased both in bee packages and in full families.

Poultry breeding

It can be the most common - in the form of chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks. Or quite exotic for our area. We are talking about breeding partridges, pheasants, guinea fowl, peacocks and even ostriches. The choice of breeds depends on the market in which the farmer wants to establish himself.

Where to start farming if you decide to start poultry farming? The most unpretentious option is the usual raising of chickens. These birds are inexpensive and unpretentious. From them you can get environmentally friendly eggs and high-quality chicken meat. There is somewhat less demand for ducks, geese and turkeys, but their cost is several times higher.

If you are thinking about breeding guinea fowl, pheasants and peacocks, then know that this is quite an expensive activity, and you will most likely have to sell them to private buyers or restaurants.

To raise poultry, you will need to acquire an incubator, special winter-insulated enclosures, feeders, trays, as well as a certain space for walking. Most often, farmers purchase couples for divorce, or a certain number of young offspring, which are subsequently raised. Another option is to purchase eggs and put them in an incubator. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.

To feed young chicks you will need cereals, boiled eggs, herbs, cottage cheese, insects, as well as special feed mixtures. The diet of adults is almost the same. Their menu is dominated by grain - wheat, barley, oats. Vitamins and minerals should be added to the feed mixture.

Growing plants

Plant growing has always been and remains one of the current trends rural business. After all, vegetables, fruits and berries are an irreplaceable component in the diet of any person. In addition, in farm conditions It is quite possible to grow flowers. The flower business has high profitability(from 70% to 300%).

The approximate amount of initial investment is from half a million rubles. With them you can rent land, purchase cuttings, incandescent lamps for greenhouses, which must maintain a constant microclimate and have well-fertilized soil.

Returning to the cultivation of herbs and vegetables, it is worth noting that their choice for farming is very diverse. Unpretentious species, such as potatoes, beets, carrots, radishes, etc., do not need any special conditions. If you are planning to start growing herbs, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, tomatoes and zucchini, you cannot do without greenhouses during the cold season.

Their construction, along with renting land, will require quite serious investments. The cost of seeds will be relatively small. In addition, in subsequent years you will provide them for yourself. The payback period for vegetable growing is quite fast. Already this year you can get your first serious harvest. If you can’t decide where to start farming, vegetable growing may be the best option.

We grow mushrooms, berries and fruits

For mushroom farming, the most unpretentious (albeit expensive) are truffles. And the most common are champignons and oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms are grown in special room, where an even microclimate is maintained, in bags filled with mycelium and straw. You will spend from one and a half to two thousand rubles on truffle seedlings. Much cheaper you can buy a base for growing champignons and oyster mushrooms.

If you are going to grow strawberries, you cannot do without greenhouses. A number of varieties are also grown in open ground. Such a business will require starting capital about 100,000 rubles. Add another quarter of that for monthly expenses.

Raspberries are grown according to a different principle. Seedlings are purchased for it and the site is prepared. It is practiced in the summer season; in the winter, the bushes are buried in order to protect them from frost.

Cherries, sea buckthorn or apples are grown in specially designated garden plots. You will need to purchase seedlings and a special film for covering for the winter. At best, the harvest from young trees will last for next year. The fruit and berry business is profitable at a level of about 60-100%.

How to register your activity

Where to start farming legally? Every business needs registration, and agricultural is no exception. The stages of the procedure consist of paying the state fee, notarizing the corresponding application, preparing and submitting a package of documents to the Federal Tax Service. Next, you should wait for the finished documents to be issued, go through the registration procedure with the necessary funds and receive a letter from Rosstat that will contain statistics codes. Of course, you should also take care of opening a bank account.

We rent land

You can arrange for renting a plot of land before the procedure legal registration. The rental application is submitted to the local administration. After the case is reviewed, you will receive information about where the proposed site is located. You will need to call representatives of the land management organization there. They will conduct land surveying and determine the exact boundaries of the site. Then the land is registered in the cadastral register and a corresponding passport is issued.

After this, the documents are again sent to the administration, which issues a decision on the transfer of the site. In addition, registration of the lease agreement will be required.

The state will help us

In recent years, helping young farmers has been a priority for the state. Now it is easy to get a grant for the development of such a business, the amount of which can range from one to four million rubles. It may be intended specifically for creating a farm or have an order lump sum payment to a household device.

This money is purposefully given to a beginning farmer for renting or purchasing land, developing a project, purchasing the necessary equipment, carrying out the required utilities, as well as purchasing materials for planting, animals, feed and fertilizers.

Who can claim such a payment?

Money is paid to citizens of the Russian Federation of working age, heads of farms and peasant farms whose registration period is less than 24 months. In this case, it is necessary to have education and at least three years of experience in the field of agriculture.

The package of documents that needs to be prepared consists of a business plan for the farm, a breakdown of expenses with prices. Size own funds that will need to be invested in this case must be at least 10% of the grant amount. The recipient is required to create three or more jobs and spend the funds issued within 12 months from the date of issue.

Grants are issued based on the results of competitions, during which young entrepreneurs must prove the profitability and relevance of their future business. Such support can be considered an excellent way to solve the problem of initial capital investment. If payment is refused, there are other options for assistance from the state - in particular, in the form of a farm loan. In addition, various government subsidy options are possible.

Summing up

Modern business in the field of agriculture is not at all the same as the idea of ​​​​which is firmly rooted in the heads of many (a hard and dirty job, low-income and thankless). These days, farms are equipped with the most advanced equipment. The most advanced technologies are used in raising animals and plants. It is quite possible to maintain cleanliness and the desired microclimate in premises for breeding birds and livestock. Most operations can be automated, which will greatly facilitate farm work.

Financial support from the state is especially important in the current crisis. It allows farmers to develop their business. In addition, due to the widespread development of a network of cafes, restaurants and numerous private shops, there are problems with sales finished products, as a rule, does not happen.

Assistance to beginning farmers in the form of grants from the state has been provided since 2012. The goal is to help develop entrepreneurial activity in any branch of agriculture: breeding horses, cows, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, growing potatoes, grains (legumes), vegetables on open and closed ground, fruits and berries, fishing, beekeeping. Grants are provided to individuals who have been registered as individual entrepreneurs for at least a year and have a business plan to expand or modernize their farm. Support is provided once; the acquired property cannot be sold for 10 years.

Goals of the Beginning Farmer Program

The main goal is to increase the competitiveness of agricultural products through development.

Grants must provide:

• conditions for modernizing existing and creating new farms;
• availability of finance.

State support stimulates the transition from subsidiary farming to the farm.

Subsidies for beginning farmers in 2017-2018 - what can they be used for?

Assistance to beginning farmers is provided in two main areas:

• for the creation (development) of a farm 1.5 -3 million rubles;
• assistance for household installations up to 250 thousand rubles.

Funds received from the state under the first point can be used for:

• purchase of agricultural land, vehicles, animals, equipment, inventory;
• development of projects for the construction (modernization, reconstruction) of premises for production, warehouses;
• purchase, construction, repair of premises for production, warehouses, utilities, barriers, their registration and connection to utility networks;
• construction of roads, without which production, processing, and storage of products are impossible;
• purchase of seeds (other material for planting), pesticides, fertilizers.

The home improvement grant can be used to purchase:

• housing;
• utility vehicle (see);
• furniture, communications equipment, household appliances, electrical and gas equipment, computers, septic tanks, devices for supplying and draining water.

The landscaping also includes:

• residential building renovation;
• repayment of mortgage debts (see);
• connection to the central water supply, sewerage system, electrical network, and the Internet.

The cost plan is drawn up separately for each item; the farmer must pay 10%.

Interesting! In 2017, the usual grants for beginning farmers were supplemented with the opportunity to receive:

• subsidy for the return of interest on a loan issued earlier for development;
• compensation for constructed production facilities;
• payment of first installments when purchasing machinery (equipment) on lease;
• compensation for losses during land registration;
• funds for gasification, installation of an irrigation system, etc.

In addition, farmers have the opportunity to obtain a loan at a reduced rate.

Important! In 2017, in some regions the amount will reach 3 million rubles. In 2018, increases are planned throughout the country.

The Ministry of Agriculture notes that 40% of agricultural products are produced in small farms. The issue of simplifying the procedure for providing grants, the possibility of lending on preferential terms on short terms. It is expected that in the future the construction of residential buildings on agricultural land will be allowed.

The sequence of actions of the applicant is established by law:

• choose the legal form of the farm;
• check compliance with participation requirements;
• develop a business plan;
• collect a package of documents;
• compose and submit an application.

Specific conditions for receiving the Beginning Farmer grant:

• experience (at least 10 years), education (preferably higher), recommendations issued by the cooperative and local authorities;
• high quality business plan (must contain a description of activities, financing, risk analysis, justification for effectiveness);
• availability equity(at least 10% of the project cost);
• availability of contracts for the sale of manufactured products;
• significance for a particular region.

The applicant must conduct business for at least six months, use the funds provided within 1.5-2 years, and have no arrears in transferring social contributions (see).

Subsidies for beginning farmers in 2017-2018 - package of documents

To participate you must provide:

• application of the established form;
• questionnaire;
• document certifying the conformity of education;
• work book (to determine experience);
• an extract certifying the presence of a household;
• business plan;
• a document certifying the legal form of the farm;
• passport;
• cost estimate for the project;
• bank statement confirming the availability of own funds;
• a certificate confirming the availability of equipment;
• extract from their tax office.

Important! The list of documents may differ in different regions.

“Beginner Farmer” program in 2017-2018 - prospects and reviews

In 2017 (compared to 2016), changes were made to the conditions. The subsidy budget has increased, the main criterion for selection was the efficiency of the applicant’s activities and the absence of tax arrears. The maximum subsidy amount at the moment is 3 million rubles. But this amount is not available in all regions due to the difference in coefficients.

All documents are submitted to the regional Ministry of Agriculture. The review lasts 15 days, then the applicant is called for a conversation. Before making a final decision, the applicant's business qualities are assessed. If the application is approved, funds are provided within 3 months. The most subsidies were provided in the Stavropol Territory and Dagestan.

Agrarians (judging by reviews) are attracted to the Beginning Farmer program, but the collection of documents takes a long time. In addition, their registration requires significant financial costs. The requirement for the presence of higher education. Agricultural Academy courses are not enough to receive a subsidy. Funds are also not provided to those who have little land and money in the bank. In practice, at least 200 thousand rubles are required.