Optical fiber internet. Connecting fiber optic internet from Rostelecom in a private house. Fiber Internet: disadvantages

Optical fiber is the fastest technology for transmitting information on the Internet today. The structure of an optical cable is distinguished by certain features: such a wire consists of small, very thin wires, protected by a special coating that separates one wire from another.

Each wire carries a light that transmits data. An optical cable is capable of transmitting data simultaneously, in addition to an Internet connection, as well as television and a landline phone.

Therefore, a fiber optic network allows the user to combine all 3 services of one provider by connecting a router, PC, TV and telephone to a single cable.

Another name for a fiber optic connection is fiber optic communication. Such a connection makes it possible to transmit data using laser beams over distances measured in hundreds of kilometers.

An optical cable is made up of tiny fibers, the diameter of which is thousandths of a centimeter. These fibers carry optical beams that carry data as they pass through each fiber's silicon core.

Optical fibers make it possible to establish a connection not only between cities, but also between countries and continents. Communication over the Internet between different continents is maintained through fiber optic cables laid along the ocean floor.

fiber optic internet

Thanks to the optical cable, you can set up a high-speed Internet connection, which plays a huge role in today's world. Fiber optic wire is the most progressive technology network data transmission.

Advantages of optical cable:

• Durability, high throughput for fast data transfer.
• Data transmission security - fiber allows programs to instantly detect unauthorized access to data, so access to them for intruders is almost excluded.
• High anti-interference, good noise suppression.
• The structural features of an optical cable make the data transfer rate through it several times higher than the data transfer rate through a coaxial cable. This primarily applies to video files and audio files.
• When connecting optical fiber, you can organize a system that implements some additional options such as video surveillance.

However, the most important advantage of fiber optic cable is its ability to establish a connection between objects that are far from each other at a great distance. This is possible due to the fact that the optical cable has no restrictions on the length of the channels.

Internet connection using fiber optics

The most common Internet in the Russian Federation, the network of which operates on the basis of fiber, is provided by the provider Rostelecom. How to connect fiber optic internet?

First, you just need to make sure that the optical cable is connected to the house. Then you need to order an Internet connection from the provider. The latter must report the data that provides the connection. Then you need to configure the equipment.

It is done like this:

The terminal is equipped with a special socket that allows you to connect to a computer and connect the router to the Internet.

In addition, the terminal has 2 additional sockets that allow you to connect an analog cable to the fiber optic connection. home phone, as well as several more sockets are provided for connecting television.

Over the local network. It is made of materials such as plastic and metal, its peculiarity is that the data is transmitted not by an electrical signal, but by a light signal. Due to this, the cable has significant advantages over copper wires and other methods of supplying an Internet connection - high speed, no interference, etc.

IT technologies do not stop there

Previously, such cables were used to connect buildings and offices, large houses to the Internet, and copper wires or twisted pair were disposed of for individual clients. Now the provider's capabilities allow you to run a fiber optic cable directly to the apartment so that you can enjoy uninterrupted high-speed Internet.

In addition, when you connect the provider's services via a local network, you get unlimited traffic and no longer worry about how much time you spend at the computer. Let's look at which fiber optic router to choose, which distributes a signal to other equipment through the Wi-Fi module.

Since we have learned that optical communication was previously intended to create big network, from which individual users then receive a signal, it is advisable to mention the technique for servers.

Cisco network routers perform best in optical data transmission. This brand produces the most powerful equipment that justifies its high cost. excellent quality. For example, the 7600 series model has a speed of 32 Gb / s and provides connection to large offices and firms. In addition to it, the brand has many other server routers that can easily cope with a heavy load and provide an excellent connection to the Internet.

Home routers

For use at home or in small offices, developers create routers with optical ports that have a special FTTH format. What port is needed for home use? The FTTB format was created specifically for general Internet use and is different from fiber optic cable, which is used to create a network between several groups of clients.

Theoretically, now you can connect fiber optic cables to a regular WAN connector on the device. We will focus on devices that have a separate optical port, and mention a router that has such a port in the form of a WAN format.

Since we are interested in the ability to receive a signal and distribute it through the Wi-Fi module, we will consider which router models are suitable for connecting optically.

D-Link DIR-615

Router with the ability to use the Internet via fiber with support for the home FTTH format. It looks like a regular router, the settings interface is quite simple and understandable for the user. The device is equipped with 2 external antennas, which will allow you to cover a large area of ​​​​the room for signal distribution.

The highest connection speed is 300 Mbps, the device operates at a standard frequency of 2.4 GHz. There is support for the IPTV function - interactive television working via the Internet, which the router can provide in sufficient high quality, without interruption in transmission.

Huawei EchoLife HG-8240

The device is an optical router for home or small office with 2 external antennas. The cost of the equipment is quite affordable for the average user, all the necessary connectors are provided:

• The fiber port itself.
• 3 LAN format ports for connecting multiple computers via LAN.
• 2 phone jacks.
• Dedicated port for Internet TV.

Mikrotik RB2011UAS-2HnD-IN

A powerful router in terms of its characteristics, which has a rather impressive appearance - the case is made of metal, which only adds to its reliability.

It has as many as 10 ports - 5 gigabit and 5 hundred-megabit connectors, there is an additional USB port.

D-Link DVG-N5402GF

Great router with 4 gigabit ports, 1 WAN port and Wi-Fi module for wireless signal distribution. It has 2 removable antennas, a USB port, Wi-Fi 802.11n standard, which will provide high data transfer speed.

D-Link DIR-825/ACF

Another device of the specified brand, which stands out among the rest with rich functionality. The router is equipped with a 1000BASE-X SFP port for fiber optic connection. The router additionally has a USB input that can be utilized to connect a modem or any other device as a network drive.

The device has two operating ranges - standard 2.4 GHz and more powerful 5 GHz. To protect the network from third-party interference, one of several security standards is used, you can set the filtering of connected equipment by MAC addresses. The router supports the mode of operation as a station for the simultaneous connection of several devices at a huge maximum data transfer rate - up to 1167 Mbps.

D-Link DIR-615/FB

The renowned manufacturer's router, which has a built-in optical WAN port, is equipped with two external antennas that provide a large signal coverage area.

Supports all types of connection, if necessary, connects to it LAN cable if the provider supplies the Internet using this technology. The maximum connection speed is quite high - up to 300 Mbps.

Using the Internet via fiber optic cable has a number of advantages - high connection speed, electrical safety, immunity to interference, small size and weight. Now you know which router you need to install at home in order to connect such a cord and get the most out of using the Internet, distributing it over Wi-Fi without losing signal speed and quality.

It was told about the most common types of fiber optic cable used in Ukraine. And today - a cable in a section, and in the course of the story - some practical moments of its installation.

We won't stop at detailed structure all types of cable. Let's take some average typical OK:

1. Central (axial) element.
2. Optical fiber.
3. Plastic modules for optical fibers.
4. Film with hydrophobic gel.
5. Polyethylene shell.
6. Armor.
7. Outer polyethylene sheath.

What does each layer represent when viewed in detail?

Central (axial) element

Fiberglass rod with or without polymer sheath. Main purpose - stiffens the cable. Unsheathed fiberglass rods are bad because they break easily when bent and damage the optical fiber located around them.

optical fiber

Optical fiber strands most often have a thickness of 125 microns (about the size of a hair). They consist of a core (through which, in fact, the signal is transmitted) and a glass shell of a slightly different composition, which ensures complete refraction in the core.

In cable marking, the diameter of the core and sheath is indicated by numbers through a slash. For example: 9/125 - core 9 microns, shell - 125 microns.

The number of fibers in the cable varies from 2 to 144, this is also fixed by a number in the marking.

Based on the thickness of the core, fiber optics are classified into single mode(thin core) and multimode(larger diameter). Recently, multimode has been used less and less, so we will not dwell on it. We only note that it is intended for use over short distances. The sheath of multimode cable and patch cords is usually made orange color(single mode - yellow).

In turn, single-mode optical fiber is:

• Standard (marking SF, SM or SMF);
• Dispersion-shifted ( DS, DSF);
• With non-zero shifted variance ( NZ, NZDSF or NZDS).

AT in general terms- fiber-optic cable with a shifted dispersion (including non-zero) is used for much longer distances than a conventional one.

On top of the shell, the glass threads are varnished, and this microscopic layer also plays an important role. Optical fiber without varnish is damaged, crumbles and breaks at the slightest impact. While in lacquer insulation, it can be twisted and subjected to some stress. In practice, fiber optic strands can withstand the weight of the cable on supports for weeks if all other power rods break during operation.

However, you should not place too high hopes on the strength of the fibers - even varnished, they break easily. Therefore, when installing optical networks, especially when repairing existing highways, extreme accuracy is required.

Plastic modules for optical fibers

These are plastic shells, inside of which there is a bundle of fiber optic filaments and a hydrophobic lubricant. There can be either one such tube with fiber optics in the cable, or several (the latter is more common, especially if there are a lot of fibers). Modules perform the function of protecting fibers from mechanical damage and along the way - their association and marking (if there are several modules in the cable). However, it must be remembered that the plastic module breaks quite easily when bent, and breaks the fibers in it.

There is no single standard for the color marking of modules and fibers, but each manufacturer attaches a passport to the cable drum, in which this is indicated.

Film and polyethylene sheath

These are elements of additional protection of fibers and modules from friction, as well as moisture- some types of optical cable contain a hydrophobe under the film. The top film can be additionally reinforced with interweaving threads and impregnated with a hydrophobic gel.

The plastic shell performs the same functions as the film, plus it serves as a layer between the armor and modules. There are cable modifications where it is not available at all.

Armor

This can be either Kevlar armor (woven threads), or a ring of steel wires, or a sheet of corrugated steel:

• Kevlar used in those types of fiber optic cable where the metal content is unacceptable or if you need to reduce its weight.
• Steel wire armored cable designed for underground laying directly into the ground - strong armor protects against many damages, incl. from a shovel.
• Cable with corrugated armor laid in pipes or cable ducts, such armor can only protect against rodents.

Outer polyethylene sheath

The first and practically the most important level of protection. Dense polyethylene is designed to withstand all the loads that fall on the cable, so if it is damaged, the risk of damage to the cable increases significantly. You need to make sure that the shell:

a) Has not been damaged during installation - otherwise moisture getting inside will increase the losses on the line;

b) Do not touch a tree, wall, corner or edge of a structure, etc. during operation, if there is a risk of friction in this place under wind and other loads.

According to experts, for the next few years, fiber optics will provide the most efficient data transmission in the Network, and we will use mainly fiber optic Internet. It is already widely used in Western Europe and the USA, as well as in the Russian Federation in places of dense high-rise buildings. But the properties of a fiber optic cable today allow you to connect to high-quality high speed internet and Vacation home.

What is fiber optic internet

Optical waveguides are used for its connection. The signal travels along them in the form of a light wave at high speed (at the speed of light). Since today all the equipment transmitting and receiving signals is electronic, converters of electronic signals into optical ones and vice versa are needed. Such converters - fiber optic modems - have long been developed, widely and successfully used.

Fiber optic cable - a unique high-tech product

Fiber optic production technology originates in the 1950s and still remains complex and time-consuming. Therefore, the cost of fiber optic cable cannot be low. But with his help, we got fast internet and the ability to use it in large areas. The huge bandwidth of the optical cable allows you to transfer a large amount of information per unit of time. The optical signal in it is almost not distorted and does not weaken when transmitted over long distances.

In addition, the material from which fiberglass is made - quartz - is very light, durable, little susceptible to atmospheric influences and the influence of electromagnetic fields. Chemical inertness makes it fireproof. The disadvantages of fiberglass include:

• the complexity of the repair, because of which, with local damage to the cable, sometimes it is necessary to change it completely;
• the difficulty of matching with electrical circuits (modems are needed).

Unfortunately, these difficulties objectively lead to an increase in the cost of connecting fiber optic communication systems.

Benefits of fiber optic internet

The remarkable properties of optical cable have led to significant advantages of fiber optic communication systems over traditional cable or DSL technologies:

• very high speed of information transfer, including at peak loads on the network in the evening and on weekends;
• high noise immunity;
• there is practically no signal delay - a delay of a few ms, while for 3G Internet, the values ​​\u200b\u200bof the order of 100ms, and for satellite can reach 1000ms;
• unauthorized access to transmitted information is difficult - tie-in, induction reading and other threats;
• the ability to connect video surveillance, security systems, IP telephony, interactive television, etc.;
• the possibility of laying fiber optic cable over long distances;
• chemical resistance of fiberglass in aggressive environments;
• good cable flexibility;
• small dimensions and weight;
• protection from open fire and explosion;
• durability.

According to Point Topic, the total number of those who chose fiber optic internet, already today exceeds the number of cable users. The listed advantages of fiber optic communication systems give rise to confidence that in the coming years the entire Internet in developed countries will become fiber optic and accessible to residents of any locality. In Russia, the Asarta company contributes to this.

Let's see what fiber optic internet gives us, how to connect it and how to set it up.

How it looks in the conditions of the apartment can be seen in the picture below.

7. The local network Rostelecom does not have (“since its organization is contrary to the legislation of the Russian Federation.” - Rostelecom), but there are so-called “” based on torrent clients. The horror is blue, in my opinion. One of the applications brought me the Amigo browser for 333 megabytes, Vkontakte and Odnoklassniki. Another just hung after the firewall refused to give it free rein on my computer.

8. In the event of a power outage, you will not be able to call an electrician by phone - the phone will stop working, as it will also depend on electricity. Despite the fact that everyone has mobile phones, it’s not so scary, but someone else connects uninterruptible power.

9. In case of a malfunction, first check the power supply of the terminal, reboot the equipment, then connect it directly with a cable and, if this does not help, dial the support phone. It is possible that you will be asked to report the status of the indicators on the terminal panel. I have given the support phone number above.

So or something like this, and there is a connection to the network via fiber optic.

The initial basic setup process was described in a D-Link post.