The processes of globalization, its causes and manifestations, presentation. Presentation on the topic "globalization and its consequences." Tips for making a good presentation or project report

From history... Aprons, or aprons, are familiar to almost every person. During work, they are reliable protectors from dirt. In addition, this is a good decoration for women’s attire, and work aprons were included in the professional clothing set. An apron is a widespread and almost unchanged piece of clothing from ancient times to the present day. Over time, the apron became a ubiquitous type of clothing. This part of the clothing played a very important role in the attire of rulers, as evidenced by numerous monuments. Since the Middle Ages, the apron has practically become a permanent part of work clothes.

Choosing fabric and color scheme: The fabric for making an apron must meet the following requirements: The fabric for making an apron must meet the following requirements: Hygienic - the fabric must be smooth, not lint-free (it gets dirty a little and washes well). Hygienic - the fabric should be smooth, not fluffy (it gets dirty a little and washes well). Aesthetic - the fabric should be light in color, this is more hygienic and makes it possible to use various finishes, but if the fabric has a pattern, it is better if it is small. Aesthetic - the fabric should be light in color, this is more hygienic and makes it possible to use various finishes, but if the fabric has a pattern, it is better if it is small. Aprons can be sewn from various fabrics: linen, silk, cotton. Aprons can be sewn from various fabrics: linen, silk, cotton.

Cutting order: Prepare the pattern for cutting Prepare the pattern for cutting Prepare the fabric for cutting Prepare the fabric for cutting Lay out the pattern on the fabric Lay out the pattern on the fabric Trace the details with chalk next to the outline of the pattern - the seams will run along these lines Trace the details with chalk next to the outline of the pattern - according The seams will run along these lines. Trace the contour of the pattern again, moving away from it by the width of the allowance. Trace the outline of the pattern again, moving away from it by the width of the allowance. Mark the location of the pocket Mark the location of the pocket Cut the fabric along the second lines Cut the fabric along the second lines

Technological sequence: Layout of the pattern on the fabric, cutting Layout of the pattern on the fabric, cutting Laying copy stitches Laying copy stitches Processing the straps Processing the straps and ends of the belt Processing the straps Processing the apron sections Processing the apron sections Connecting the straps and belt with the apron Processing the patch pocket Processing the patch pocket Connecting the pocket with an apron

Parshina Alina

Creative project "Apron" Designed for 5th grade students according to the program of V. D. Simonenko. Contains a short history apron, technological map, economic and environmental justification. May be useful for 5th grade students to complete a project.

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Municipal educational institution

"Bolsheelkhovskaya secondary school"

Lyambirsky municipal district Republic of Mordovia

Explanatory note to the creative project

Completed by: student of class 5 “A”

Parshina Alina

Head: technology teacher

Parshina L.M.

With. B. Elkhovka

2011

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….3

Chapter 1 Product Design…………………………….....................................7

1.1. Justification for choosing the project……………………………………………………….7

1.2.Rationale for the choice of materials………………………………………………………….11

1.3.Decorative design………………………………………………………………. .......12

……………………………………..13

2.1. Selection of manufacturing technology……………………………………………..13

2.2. Tools and accessories…………………………………………….15

2.3. Safety precautions………………………………………………………15

Chapter 3 Economic justification project…………………………………..17

3.1. Cost calculation…………………………………………………………….17

3.2.Economic assessment…………………………………………………………….17

…………………………………………..18

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….19

List of references……………………………………………………………….. 20

Application

Introduction

An apron (or apron) is a widespread and almost unchanged part of clothing from ancient times to the present day. Its history begins with Ancient Egypt. Already in the early period of the existence of this country, men who were public service, and used primitive drapery. It was attached in front to a belt, which was a narrow strip of leather or tied (woven) reed stems.

Over time, the apron became a ubiquitous type of clothing. It was a piece of fabric, the middle part of which, gathered into folds, was applied to the body in front, the rest was wrapped around the body and fastened with the free end tucked behind the middle part. The apron was held on with a belt. Its middle part had a trapezoidal, triangular or fan-shaped shape.

This part of the clothing played a very important role in the ceremonial attire of rulers, as evidenced by numerous monuments.

The apron was also part of the clothing of other ancient Eastern peoples. For example, it was widespread in Western Asia.

From the East, the apron “migrated” to Europe. In Crete and Mycenae during the Bronze Age (XIX-XVIII centuries BC), men wore a wide leather belt with which an apron was fastened around their hips. It was worn in such a way that it fell at an angle in front, and its vertical edge ran diagonally from the hip to the knee of the other leg. The fabric of the apron was decorated with a woven colored pattern.

It is also known that in Ancient Greece At first, men also wore an apron tied around their hips, and on top of it they put a hlen (a large woolen scarf). Later, the apron began to be tied over the tunic.

The apron was also a characteristic feature of men's clothing among the Etruscans. In appearance it resembled the Cretan one, but it was worn over a blouse with sleeves. And among the Romans, the apron is known only as part of the clothing of priests, soldiers of some auxiliary types of troops and gladiators.

Since the Middle Ages, the apron has become an almost permanent part of work clothes. Casual dress should be covered with something while working. The apron was worn by blacksmiths, shoemakers, cooks... Guild masters considered the apron an integral part of their professional clothing.

Over time, a woman's apron became an accessory to a married woman's toilet. In the 16th century two aprons made up the skirt. He also decorated the wives of famous townspeople. In Germany, the wives of burghers wore aprons (white or colored), sometimes even double (front and back).

The apron periodically comes into fashion among the upper classes. During the reign of Louis XIV (1660-1710), French women wore a small apron with rich trimmings around the edge at home and when out and about. Sometimes, however, wanting to pay tribute to fashion, women did not think at all about how comical it looked. Following the example of the city nobility, peasant girls began to embroider and decorate their aprons in every possible way. Cunning European fashion has invented several types of aprons for different occasions. So, for example, a self-respecting European woman, when she went to the table, was obliged to cover her dress with a large napkin. This is how a special apron appeared - table (from the French word “table”). Another type of apron with a similar name is tablion, but has a completely different purpose. This is an apron for special occasions, sewn to the cloak at the front and back. It was borrowed from ceremonial Byzantine clothing and was made from patterned silk brocade for the emperor, and from smooth, plain material for the courtiers, but then it settled into its new role as a fashion accessory.

Over time, the apron became part of the festive folk costume. In some areas of Germany, a wide apron was worn only on special occasions. In Moldova distinctive feature folk clothing had two aprons, covering the body in front and back, not meeting at the sides, with a rich color pattern.

The traditional Russian apron was made from homespun checkered fabric, with trim around the edges and red ties. In the North, the apron was embroidered and could have sleeves.

An interesting apron from the late 19th century. from the city of Kargopol, Olonets province. The intricate patterns embroidered on it are nothing more than ancient agricultural calendars. Six petals and six sprouts of the circle indicate 12 months, and the symbols on the outside are the most important milestones of the annual circle of field work. Similar monthly words were also embroidered on the hems of shirts and towels. You can understand how these things were valued, carefully passing them on from generation to generation. It is characteristic that in some regions of Russia (for example, in Transbaikalia), the traditional apron was preserved as part of the festive attire until the middle of the last century.

During the First World War, the apron proved to be an absolutely necessary piece of clothing. Many women had to do men's work: they became road workers, mechanics, etc. At this time, the “maids’ clothes” apron turns into a working apron women's clothing. Perhaps, it was from this time that it ceased to exist as a purely decorative element and became an accessory of household clothing for work at home, as well as industrial clothing.

However, these days, the apron is gradually beginning to lose this function. To protect against harmful production factors a new one is being developed special clothing– these are robes and overalls. The apron also disappears from the wardrobe of housewives.

After studying the history of the apron, I decided to try my hand at creating my own creative project"Apron".

I set a goal for myself: to make an apron for homework.

Formulated the tasks:

• Design an apron from cotton fabric;
• Based on the studied technologies, develop a simple process for making an apron;
• Produce the product within the specified time frame.

Chapter 1 Product Design

1.1 Justification for choosing the project

I started by analyzing existing models. An apron consists of several parts: a bib, a belt, straps, a bottom and pockets, but it can also be without a bib. My apron will have a bib.

First I took my measurements.

Sequence of work and designation of measurements	Name of measurements	How to take measurements	Purpose of measurements	My measurements, cm
C t	Half waist	Measured by itself bottleneck torso	To calculate the length of the belt	38 cm
C b	Half hip circumference	Measured along the hip line horizontally	To calculate the width of the apron	46 cm
D and	Product length	Measured from waistline to desired length	To determine the length of the apron	49 cm
B n	Bib height	Measured from the waistline up to the desired height	To determine the height of the apron	17 cm

Then I completed the drawing according to the developed technological map

Section name	Calculation	Construction
Waistline		Construct a right angle at point T
Bottom line	D and = 49 cm	From point T downwards, set aside the measurement value D And and put point H
Apron width	S b: 2+6= 29 cm	From points T and H, put the resulting value to the left. Place T points 1 and H 1
Pocket location	Constant	1. Set aside 6 cm from point H down and place point K. 2.Draw a horizontal line from point K downwards. 3. set aside 7 cm from point K to the left and place point K 1 4. from point K 1 down and to the left set aside 15 cm and put points K 2 and K 3. 5. connect the points K 1 and K 2 straight. 6. from point K 2 to the left and from point K 3 put 15 cm down and put K 4 Construct square K 1 K 2 K 4 K 3
Bib height	Constant	Extend the straight line through point T and add 15 cm to it. put point G.
Bib width	Width = 7 cm	1.Draw a straight line from point G and set aside 7 cm on it. Place point G 1 2.From point T, move 7 cm to the left and place point T 2. 3.connect points G 1 and G 2 in a straight line.
Belt width	6 cm	Set aside 6 cm from point P upwards. Place point P 1
Belt length	S t x 2 + 20 = 96 cm	Set aside 80 cm from point P1 to the right. Construct a rectangle P P 1 P 2 P 3
Strap width	7 cm	Set aside 7 cm from point B upwards. Place point B 1
Strap length	50 cm	Set aside 50 cm from point B 1 to the right. Construct a rectangle B B 1 B 2 B 3

Made a drawing in M ​​1:4

Performed modeling according to the selected sketch.

The pattern of the apron detail was obtained based on the basic drawing by modeling.

From point T 1 put down 10 cm.

Through points B, B 1, T, T 1, T 2, T 3 built a new line for the top and side cuts of the apron.

Using the pattern of half of the apron piece, I built the main part of the product in full size on paper.

1.2 Rationale for choosing materials

For the apron I chose cotton fabric - chintz. This fabric has a beautiful appearance at low cost. The good hygienic properties of this fabric (high hygroscopicity, medium dust holding capacity) provide a person with comfort in such clothes. In addition, chintz is quite durable and does not require any washing when washing. special conditions. And the good ones technological properties cotton fabrics (medium fraying, low slip, medium shrinkage) allow even a novice seamstress to sew neat and beautiful things.

The disadvantages of this fabric include strong creasing and low abrasion resistance, which leads to the fabric losing its beautiful appearance when worn.

Fabric consumption: with a fabric width of 80 cm, you will need 60 cm of printed cotton fabric.

For decoration, I chose red bias tape. She processed the sections of the apron and the pocket.

Chapter 2. Product manufacturing technology

2.1. Choice of manufacturing technology

Made the cutting of the apron.

Before cutting out the parts, I first checked to see if the fabric was fading.

Then I decanted the fabric, determined the grain thread and the presence of weaving defects.

The apron parts were laid out on the main fabric according to the following scheme:

Technological sequence of sewing an apron with a one-piece bib.

1. Preparing cut parts for processing.
2. Connecting all the parts of the apron with the main part.
3. Processing the apron with bias tape.
4. Processing the bib with bias tape and making ties.

No.	Operation name	Execution technology	Seam designation
	Processing the top edge of the pocket	Fold the seam allowance to the wrong side, baste and topstitch the hem seam with a closed edge.
	Connecting the pocket to the main part	Baste the pocket to the main part and use the seams on the pocket to stitch it onto the main part.
	Processing with bias tape the side and bottom sections of the lower part of the apron	a) Place the right side of the hem on the wrong side of the bottom of the apron and baste. Stitch seam sections with a seam width of 1 cm, trim the ends of the threads b) Cut off the fabric at the corners, turn the facing right side out, and sweep out the seam. Bend the raw edge of the facing to the wrong side by the amount of seam allowance, pre-cut the fabric, and sweep. Adjust the facing to the main part. Trim the ends of the threads.
	Wet heat treatment of seam	Iron the facing, after slightly moistening it
	Processing the sections of the bib with simultaneous stitching of the straps and the formation of ties	Finish the side and top edges of the bib with an edge stitch, forming ties at the same time. Fasten the line. Trim the ends of the threads.
	Wet - heat treatment of the product	After slightly moistening, iron the finished product.

1. Tools and accessories

To make your product you need equipment with which I achieved the result, i.e. I sewed an apron and scarf like this:

1. Sewing machine

2. Ironing board, iron with steam humidifier, ironing iron.

3. Cotton threads No. 45 for machine works, No. 50-60 – for estimating work.

4. Hand needle for estimating work No. 3, machine needle No. 70.

5. Centimeter tape.

6. Cutting line.

7. Paper for patterns.

8. Scissors.

2.3 Safety precautions

Safety rules when working with an iron:

• Before connecting the iron to the mains, you need to check the insulation of the cord and the position of the iron on the stand.

• Turn the iron on and off by gripping the plug body with your fingers, not the cord.
• When working with an iron, you must have a rubber mat under your feet.
• At the end of work, the power supply to the ironing tables must be turned off.

Prohibited:

• Allow the iron to fall, the wire to switch causing loops and knots to form, and the iron to overheat.
• Cool an overheated iron by immersing it in water or using a spray bottle.
• Place the iron on the electrical cord.
• Work with a faulty iron and independently correct iron faults and electrical wiring. Consumption

  Total

  Textile

  35 rub.

  35 rub.

  Threads

  5 rub.

  Bias tape

  3 rub.

  15 rub.

  Total

  55 rub.

  3.2.Economic assessment

  Since I sewed the apron in the school workshop, I did not take into account energy costs, did not pay rent for the premises, and did not pay myself a salary. So, the full calculation of the cost of the product was 55 rubles. It follows that sewing an apron cost me less than a similar one in the store.

  Chapter 4 Environmental assessment of the project

  Nowadays one of current problems is an environmental problem. A person must use environmentally friendly products and materials for the safety of his life. Such materials should also be used to create clothing. Now there are many different materials

  The apron is made of natural fabric - the raw material used is cotton fiber, i.e. an eternal material due to its constant renewal.

  Making an apron using a sewing machine is an environmentally friendly production because:

  1. The atmosphere is not polluted.
  2. There are no emissions of harmful substances for human health.
  3. Almost waste-free production.

  Cotton during operation does not have a harmful effect on the human body and environment. Therefore, the manufacture and further use of an apron does not entail changes or disruptions in human life.

  Conclusion

  I have done a lot of work, showing creativity, skill, diligence and skill, even if not the most perfect. My apron will please the eye of every housewife, and the male half will be pleased to see me in an attractive apron. Beauty and usefulness, beauty and expediency are thus intertwined in my work.

  List of used literature

  1. Technology. Service work: 5th grade: textbook for students educational institutions/ [Yu.V. Krupskaya, N.I. Lebedeva, L.V. Litikova and others]; edited by A.D. Simonenko. – 4th ed., revised, – M.: Ventana-Graf, 2009. – 192 p.: ill.

  Internet resources: yandex. ru

  • Wikipedia.org.
  • http://tehnologia.ru

Municipal educational institution "Akbulakskaya secondary school No. 1"

PROJECT

MANUFACTURING GARMENT “APRON”

Completed:

Zhuravleva Tatyana

student of 5 "A" class,

Akbulak secondary school No. 1

Supervisor:

Zhuravleva

Marina Anatolyevna,

technology teacher,

Akbulak secondary school No. 1

Akbulak

Introduction……………………………………………………...……….………….3

Main part……………………………………………………....…………....4

1 Study of the problem…………………………………………………………….….4

2 Bank of ideas and proposals……………………………………………………………....……6

3 Technological part…………………………………………………….…8

a) Drawing………………………………………………………………...8

b) Technological map……………………………………………..…...9

4 Economic and environmental assessment…….………………………….15

Conclusion......………………………………………………………………………………….16

Literature..………………………………………………………………………………..17

Introduction

In every house there is a room in which the whole family gathers every day - this is the kitchen. People spend a long time in the kitchen preparing food. When they cook food, they can get their clothes dirty. To keep your clothes clean, you need an apron. That's why it is in every home. My mother and grandmother have an apron, but I don’t have one yet, so I decided to sew it myself. I want to sew an apron correctly and accurately, and in the future I want to learn how to sew other clothes.

In the process of carrying out project work, I set myself the following tasks:

Learn what an apron is;

Find out when the first aprons appeared, what they were like before;

Research fabrics for sewing an apron;

Describe the process of making an apron;

Sew a neat apron.

Main part

1 Study of the problem

An apron is a widespread and almost unchanged part of clothing from ancient times to the present day.

Its history begins with Ancient Egypt. Already in the early period of the existence of this country, men in public service used primitive drapery, attached in front to a belt, which was a narrow strip of leather or knitted (woven) reed stems.

Over time, the apron has become a ubiquitous type of clothing. It was a piece of fabric, the middle part of which, gathered into folds, was applied to the body in front, the rest was wrapped around the body and fastened with the free end tucked behind the middle part. The apron was held on with a belt. Its middle part had a trapezoidal, triangular or fan-shaped shape.

Since the Middle Ages, the apron has become an almost permanent part of work clothes. The apron was worn by blacksmiths, shoemakers, cooks... Guild masters considered the apron an integral part of their professional clothing.

Over time, a woman's apron became an accessory to a married woman's toilet. In the 16th century, two aprons made up a skirt. In the 17th century, the apron certainly adorned the wives of eminent citizens. In Germany, the wives of burghers wore aprons (white or colored), sometimes even double (front and back).

The apron periodically came into fashion among the upper classes.

French women at home and on walks during the reign of Louis XIV () wore a small apron with rich trim around the edge.

It turns out that in the 18th century in Russia an apron was called an apron or a curtain, and only women wore it. The traditional Russian apron was made from homespun checkered fabric, with trim around the edges and red ties.

in his explanatory dictionary The Russian language gives the following definition of an apron: “An apron is an apron, a cufflink.”

Nowadays, both women and men wear aprons. The apron may have been the first piece of clothing worn specifically for work. It is used by people of various professions not only to avoid getting dirty; they carried tools, harvest fruits and other necessary things in it.

During the First World War, the apron turned out to be an absolutely necessary part of clothing. Many women had to do men's work: they became road workers, mechanics, etc. Thus, from “maid clothes,” the apron turns into work clothes.

Perhaps, it was from this time that it ceased to exist as a purely decorative element and became an accessory of household clothing for work at home, also being industrial clothing.

Aprons can be sewn from various fabrics: linen, silk, cotton.

Linen fabrics They have a smooth, shiny surface, are distinguished by great strength and low elongation. They easily absorb moisture and wash well. Their disadvantage is that they wrinkle quickly, but they also smooth out just as quickly. These fabrics feel hard to the touch.

Silk fabrics they are soft and smooth to the touch, have a pleasant shine, are hygroscopic and breathable, but they stretch greatly, crumble, and have significant shrinkage. It is very difficult to sew from such fabrics without skills and experience.

According to historians and archaeologists, fabrics from cotton were produced in distant India back in the 11th century BC.

During the campaign of Alexander the Great, the Greeks were delighted with the art of the Indians, who knew how to produce fabrics from “wool extracted from nuts”

(that's what they called cotton). Until the end of the 13th century, only finished cotton products were imported into Europe. In 1772, the production of cotton fabric began in England. It had a unique texture and color.

Name " chintz“came to us in such a way that it is difficult even to immediately understand its original source. The Bengali name for the variegated cotton fabric “cheets” was changed by the Dutch to “sits”, and in our country it began to be called chintz.

Cotton fabrics have significant strength and hygroscopicity; they quickly get wet and dry. They are comfortable to wear and hold up well to washing and ironing.

2 Bank of ideas and suggestions

Model No. 1. Apron made of linen, plain fabric. It consists of a main part with patch pockets sewn onto it.

Akbulak secondary school No. 1,

tel. official 224-61

Project topic: MAKING AN APRON

Goals and objectives: make an apron for culinary work c. a gift to mother (grandmother, sister, friend) or for sale, as well as for the purpose of consolidating the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in its implementation; improve skills and techniques for working with fabric, with a sewing machine, deepen knowledge of materials processing technology, in the section “materials science”; prepare students for independent living, economical, reasonable housekeeping; prepare students for professional self-determination, taking into account their abilities and interests; develop creative initiative, a creative approach to work, and instill in students elements of entrepreneurship.

1. Materials science.

2. Mechanical engineering

3. Artistic processing of fabric.

4. Design.

5. Modeling.

6. Technological sequence of processing.

7. Economics, entrepreneurship.

Sections of programs required to complete the project.

Materials Science.

Mechanical Engineering.

Artistic processing of fabric.

Construction.

Modeling.

Technological sequence of product processing.

Organization of project implementation.

1. Justification of the problem and need.

2. Model selection,

3. Choice of fabric.

4. Selection of equipment.

5. Product design and modeling.

6. Open the products.

7. Technological sequence of product manufacturing.

8. Product cost.

9. Assessing the quality and complexity of the project.

10. Project protection.

Main problems of project implementation

IN model selection

For this project we chose an apron for cookingx works.

Model No. 1

Description appearance models . The apron is cut at the waistline, with a bib and patch pockets.The lower part of the apron and the pockets are oval. The upper section of the bib, the lower and side sections of the apron are trimmed with lace. On the bib and pockets– embroidery.

Fabric consumption. The apron is made of 1 m of white cotton fabric. To finish the apron, 2.5 m of lace was required.

Model № 2

Set for culinary work, consisting of an apron, towel and oven mitt. The apron is cut at the waistline, with a bib and patch pockets. The lower part of the apron, the lower sections of the pockets are made at an angle, and the shaped belt. Bib, belt, pockets,the lower part of the apron, towel, potholder are trimmed with embroidery.

The apron can be made of light cotton, linen, or waffle fabric. The towel and potholder can be made of linen and waffle (or terry fabric if the finishing is appliqué). Instead of embroidery, you can make applique by cutting out a ready-made floral design from fabric with a printed pattern.

Model №3

Set for culinary work, consisting of an apron, towel and oven mitt. The apron is cut at the waist line. Oval shaped bib and pockets. The lower cut of the apron is made at an angle. The bib, pockets, side and bottom sections of the lower part of the apron are trimmed with lace and “hearts” appliqué. On the bib there is an appliqué depicting balloons in the shape of hearts, at the intersection of the threads extending from the balls, a narrow satin ribbon is sewn, tied in a bow. There is also a “Hearts” applique on the towel and potholder. The color range of applications is different. The applique can be made from plain-dyed fabric and fabric with fine printingpattern (small peas, small check).

Model No. 4

Model Zhe 4.

Set for culinary work, consisting of an apron, towel and oven mitt. Bib, bottom of apron, pocket– oval shape. The wide oval pocket consists of two compartments. The bib, pocket, and lower part of the apron are trimmed with lace. There is embroidery on the bib, pocket, towel, pot holder (instead of embroidery, you can make an applique by cutting : ready-made fabric design with a printed pattern).

Model No. 5 (a, b).

Apron for culinary work, cut at the waist. The lower part of the apron is rectangular in shape. The upper section of the bib and the lower section of the lower part of the apron are trimmed with facing fabric and lace. The straps are also trimmed with lace. On the lower part of the apron there is an appliqué of a teapot and a cup. Model 5a is trimmed with polka dot fabric. Model 56 can be finished in any color fabric, and the teapot and cup can be appliquéd with flowers cut from printed fabric.

Model No. 6.

Kit forculinary work, consisting of an apron, towel and oven mitt. The lower part of the apron is rectangular in shape. The upper section of the bib and the lower section of the lower part of the apron are trimmed with a facing made of the same fabric from which the “Cherry” applique is made - on the bib, along the bottom of the lower part of the apron, on the towel and on the potholder. The applique can be made from fabric of any color

Choice of fabric.

For this project model, we chose white cotton fabric because it is durable, light, soft, and has good hygienic properties: it easily absorbs moisture, dries quickly, has good air permeability, and is easy to wash and iron. Cotton fabric is made from cotton fiber - an environmentally friendly product.

A set for culinary work can be made of linen, waffle fabric, pique (two-color fabric with a relief pattern reminiscent of machine stitching), poplin (fabric of rep weave, which is formed by very thin warp threads and thinner weft threads), twill (coarse cotton fabric) and satin.

Selection of equipment, tools, accessories.

Fabric selection

For this project model, white cotton fabric was chosen because it is durable, light, soft, and has good hygienic properties: it easily absorbs moisture, dries quickly, has good air permeability, and is easy to wash and iron. Cotton fabric is made from cotton fiber - an environmentally friendly product.

A set for culinary work can be made of linen, waffle fabric, pique (two-color fabric with a relief pattern reminiscent of machine stitching), poplin (fabric of rep weave, which is formed by very thin warp threads and thinner weft threads), twill (coarse cotton fabric) and satin

Selection of equipment, tools, accessories

1. Sewing machine "Seagull".

2. Overlock 51-A class.

3. Iron with steam humidifier, ironing board, ironing iron.

4. Cotton threads No. 40 - for machine work; No. 50, No. 60 - for handmade temporary appointment; No. 45 cotton with lavsan - for sewing appliqués.

5. Hand needle No. 3, machine needle No. 90, pins, scissors, thimble.

6. Ruler, measuring tape.

Supporting materials: paper for patterns and applications, album with drawings, fashion magazines.

Open the apron.

Cut the apron taking into account the direction of the grain thread, the front side, seam allowances, and the economical arrangement of cutting details on the fabric.

Construction of an apron drawing.

Note: Modeling an apron can be found in the textbook on technology for grade 5.

Technological sequence for processing the apron.

Preparing cut parts for processing.

1. Make straight stitches along the lines of the middle of the bib, the bottom of the apron, belt, pockets,

2. Place straight copy stitches at the pocket locations.

Performing embroidery on the bib.

1. The cup and spoon can be sewn with a chain stitch.

2. Flower petals and leaves can be embroidered using a “stitched loop” stitch.

3. The core of the flower can be decorated with beads or small beads (sewn on) or with a double-sided satin stitch.

4. The embroidery can be positioned so that its middle (or axis of symmetry) coincides with the middle of the bib.

Embroidery on pockets.

1. The flowers in the embroidery design can be sewn using a buttonhole stitch.

2. Sew a bead into the core of the flower, or perform a double-sided satin stitch.

3. Sew the branches of the Christmas tree using a “broken herringbone” stitch.

4. Fill the balls with double-sided satin stitch.

5. The embroidery on the pocket must be positioned so that the axis of symmetry of the embroidery pattern coincides with the middle of the pocket.

Construction of an apron drawing.

Note: Modeling an apron can be found in the technology textbook for grade 5.

Processing the bib.

1. Finish the side edges of the bib with a closed hem stitch.

2. Place the finished straps on the wrong sidesidebib (with seams towards the middle), pin and baste to the wrong side of the bib. Place the facing over the straps, right side down. Align the top edges of the bib and facing. Sweep the side sections of the facing onto the wrong side and iron, baste and stitch the facing with a seam width of 0.7 cm.

3. Fold the facing over to the front side of the bib and sweep the seam.

4. Fold the bottom edge of the facing by 0.5-0.7 cm to the wrong side.

5. Insert lace under the bottom edge of the facing. Baste and stitch 0.2-0.3 cm from the folded edge of the facing.

6. Hem the ends of the facing and lace with small oblique stitches.

Processing the bottom of the apron. Preparing the lace.

1 Loosen the upper thread tension, set the maximum stitch length to 0.4 cm.

2. Along the front side of the lace, at a distance of 0.3-0.5 cm from the cut (edge) of the lace, lay two parallel lines.

3. Pull the lower thread, evenly distributing the gathers.

Compound lace with a stitched seam at the bottom of the apron.

1. Place the lace right side to the front side of the apron, aligning the cuts, and baste the lace to the apron.

2. Sew on the lace.

3. Overcast the stitching seam, bend it towards the apron and secure it in this position with running stitches.

4. Adjust the seam allowances to the apron along the front side at OD - 0.2 cm from the fold.

Pocket processing.

1. Turn the seam allowance of the top edge of the pocket to the right side. Baste along the top edge of the pocket

2. Stitch the top pocket allowance along the sides.

3. Turn the hem to the wrong side, straighten the corners, and iron.

4. Place a stitch for tightening along the rounded corners of the pocket, stepping back slightly inward from the intended line.

5. Bring seam allowances to the wrong side and iron.

Connected There are pockets with the bottom of the apron with a patch seam.

1. Overlap and pin the pockets, aligning the sides with the copy stitches.

2. Baste and stitch pockets. Make fastenings on the upper corners.

Connection of the belt, bib with the lower part of the apron.

1. Place two parallel lines along the upper edge of the lower part of the apron to form gathers.

2. Pull the lower threads simultaneously, distributing the gathering evenly.

3. Fold the bib with the lower part with the wrong sides inward, matching the middles of the parts, and, aligning the cuts, pin.

4. Place the belt on the bib with the front side facing the front side of the bib, aligning and leveling the sections of the parts, baste and stitch.

5. Finish the ends of the waistband with a backstitch.

6. Sweep the belt.

7. Bend the free cut of the belt towards the front side of the lower part of the apron, iron the stitching seam towards the bib.

8. Fold the free edge of the belt 1 cm inward, baste and stitch the belt 1-2 mm from the folded edge.

9. Remove running stitches and perform WTO.

Product cost

№

p/p

The cost of the apron for culinary work was 235 rubles. The cost of the product does not include the cost of tailoring, since the apron was made independently. That's why project work It is economically feasible and brings savings to the family budget.

Quality assessment.

The apron produces a positive emotional effect, is made taking into account fashion trends and design, is reliable and easy to use. If you meet all the requirements for the quality of the finished product, you can get a competitive product if you want to start a business.

Project protection.

The student must determine the complexity of the completed project, identify its positive and negative aspects and indicate what can be changed in the technological sequence of its production in the event of repeating the product, name the mark that she deserves for completing this work.

Project execution sequence: Justify the problem and need that has arisen. Justify the problem and need that have arisen. Choose a model. Write a description of the model's appearance. Select a model. Write a description of the model's appearance. Choose fabric.Choose fabric. Choose necessary tools, fixtures and equipment. Select the necessary tools, fixtures and equipment. Perform product design and modeling. Perform product design and modeling. Cut the product. Cut the product. Draw up a technological sequence for manufacturing a product. Draw up a technological sequence for manufacturing a product. Calculate the cost of the product. Calculate the cost of the product. Evaluate the work done. Evaluate the work done. Protect the project. Protect the project.

Model 4. Apron made of linen fabric with a one-piece bib and pockets in raised seams. Applique is available as a trim on the pockets and bib. The model is recommended for practical exercises in technology lessons. The model is recommended for practical exercises in technology lessons.

Model 5. Apron made of cotton fabric with a printed pattern, with soft folds from the top edge, pocket inserts made of finishing fabric. The upper cut is finished with a stitched belt, the lower seam is hemmed with a closed cut. The model is recommended for practical exercises in technology lessons

Model selection. From the apron models I drew, I chose model 5. This apron has spacious pockets, it will be convenient to work in it practical exercises by technology. To make an apron for this model, you will need a minimum amount of fabric. Selecting a model. From the apron models I drew, I chose model 5. This apron has roomy pockets, it will be convenient to work in it during practical technology classes. To make an apron for this model you will need a minimal amount of fabric. Choice of fabric. To make the apron, I chose chintz cotton fabric: with a printed pattern as the main one, and plain-dyed as the finishing one. Choice of fabric. To make the apron, I chose chintz cotton fabric: with a printed pattern as the main one, and plain-dyed as the finishing one.