Relief woodcarving animals. Flat-relief wood carving - how to create beautiful patterns on wooden surfaces in order to decorate the interior around you. How to choose and prepare wood for carving

Relief carving Of the presented varieties, relief carving is the most expressive, therefore, in the old days, wall panels, furniture, doors and ceilings were covered with it. It is still relevant when decorating the interior. There are 2 types of relief carving -

Slotted carving The name of this type of carving means that with this method of processing wood, the background is removed. Therefore, such a thread is called a sawn or through thread in a different way.

Sculptural carving Sculptural carving is the most ancient and dates back to the time when people carved figures of pagan gods from wood, whom they worshiped and from whom they sought help and protection.

House carving The name of this type of carving speaks for itself: house carving designed for outdoor decoration of the dwelling and the execution of its interior decoration. By the nature and technique of execution, house carving is heterogeneous and can be embossed, slotted and

Flat serrated threads various shapes recesses - notches. The lowest points of the relief are located below the level of the decorated

Relief carving The essence of relief carving is that a pattern (drawing) is formed by sampling the background around it. Such a sample can be uniform in depth. In this case, the formed pattern (drawing) will have the same height (usually 5–7 mm) throughout

Slotted carving Slotted carving can be made both in the technique of flat-relief (with a flat ornament) and embossed carving. The background in the slotted thread is removed with a chisel or saw. In the latter case, the thread is called sawn. The slotted thread has received a wide

Sculptural carving Sculptural or three-dimensional carving is characterized by the fact that in it the relief image is partially or completely separated from the background, turning into a sculpture. Unlike a one-sided image of an object in other types of threads, volumetric threads can be

House carving House carving is characterized by the fact that it is large-scale, it is performed mainly on coniferous wood with an ax, saw, chisel and is used to decorate wooden buildings. Although house carving was already popular in the 16th century, before us

contour thread According to the execution technique, contour carving as a variety of geometric is the simplest. Images made in this way resemble a clear graphic drawing. Applying different kinds cuts and combinations of straight lines, curves,

Geometric thread All geometric thread elements are the simplest geometric figures, formed by straight and curved lines or a combination of tetrahedral or semicircular notches. The main elements of geometric carving are dihedral,

Staple, or nail-like, thread Staple carving is performed with semicircular chisels, using a joint knife as an auxiliary tool. As a result of the use of a semicircular chisel, a trace remains on the surface of the wood, similar to a bracket or a mark from a nail, hence

Wood is the most practical material. From ancient times, household items were made from it, houses were built, toys for children were made. And today this material is gaining popularity, especially handmade products from it. Today we’ll talk about what flat-relief wood carving is, what species diversity it has.

This needlework has come to us since ancient times, when people decorated household items, houses, furniture, fences. For a while, its popularity declined, and now it has regained it again. There are many types of woodcarving. But today we will talk about what subspecies flat-relief carving is divided into:

• A thread in which the contour has an oval appearance. When using this type, a certain chiaroscuro is obtained, which looks original on the entire composition;
• A carving whose background has already been selected. The meaning of this type is that the background itself is not flat, sometimes even located below the pattern itself. The ornament seems to be superimposed on the plane.

Consider a few master classes with step by step photos for a more detailed study of flat-relief carving.

amazing animals

To work, you will need the following tools and materials:

• Wood;
• Sandpaper;
• Sketch on which the carving will take place;
• Carving tools;
• Paint brush;
• Copy paper;
• Black pencil.

Step by step instructions for making a painting.

First of all, we level the wood. To do this, take sandpaper and start sanding. After the wood is completely ready, we redraw the drawing. To do this, we find the necessary picture on the Internet and print it. We translate with a black simple pencil.

We start carving. In this case, three layers are removed, thereby the picture acquires a three-dimensional appearance.

Here's what should happen.

To make the picture more expressive, paint it in the places of cutting with a contrasting paint.

In order for the picture to acquire an interesting appearance, we suggest making a frame for it, also made of wood. After the frame is ready, we insert our picture and can be hung on the wall.

This type of work is also suitable for beginner carvers. When working, do not forget to follow safety precautions.

For work you will need:

• Wood or product that you want to decorate;
• Carving tool set;
• Simple ruler;
• Black simple pencil;
• Sandpaper.

Step by step instructions for doing the job:

Harvested wood must be sanded for complete alignment. Now let's move on to drawing. To do this, take a pencil and a ruler, draw a rectangle, inside which there will be squares in the amount of 2 pieces, and draw diagonals in them.

Next, you need to connect the midpoints of each of the sides of the squares so that the lines intersect with the intersection of the diagonal at one common point. As a result, it should turn out like this: each of the squares should have 8 triangles.

Now let's start carving. We take the jamb in our hands, set its angular part in the middle of one of the obtained triangles so that the tool blade connects the center with the right angle of the triangle itself. Thus, we make a cut. Here's how it should turn out for you:

After we connect the middle with the second corner in the triangle.

The next line connects the last corner and the center point. This time one action is not enough, because the line itself is very long. Be sure to watch your movements and how your hands are positioned. When working, the elbow of the hand should stand on the table and in no case come off. Otherwise, you can harm yourself or ruin your work.

After we make an incision, the angle, which will consist of 45 degrees. This action connects all the corners of the triangle and the middle.

Pay close attention to the depth of the cut. In the central part, it should be larger than at the edges, but in no case vice versa.

Depending on which master, what technique he has, what plan the carving can be done in different types. It can be both simple and complex. There are various types of woodcarving: relief carving, flat-relief, volumetric, as well as flat-cutting and slotted thread. Now we will characterize these types of threads separately.

flat washing divided into two types, the first type - geometric ornament, second view - planimetric contour, which is sometimes also called a floral ornament. By the name of this type, you can guess in what technique the work will be performed. This carving will consist of notches, which together will make up the contour lines, cut to a certain depth.

geometric carving or geometric ornament, it is so called because it is made of circles, triangles, almond-shaped recesses, rosettes, stars, the so-called geometric elements. Depending on how many excavation elements you take, this will be the ornament.

There is another ornament - contour. I also call it in our literature as vegetable. But, in my opinion, we need to delve into this concept, since contour drawing is often performed in the technique with contour carving. This carving technique is a bit similar to metal engraving, the difference is that the grooves made that make up the contour lines on the wood have a greater width and depth and the tools have a different sharpening. The contour carving in execution is very simple. This carving can be done on any wood and on plywood with a semicircular chisel or an ordinary joint knife.

relief carving

One of the most distinguishing features of this type is that we select the background around the ornament to the same depth. The edges of this ornament can be rolled up. There is also another type in which the ornament can be deepened into the wood, and the background on the surface will remain intact. It is not difficult to perform this type of carving, but you are tormented by cleaning and choosing a plane or background of an in-depth ornament on your own. This process can be facilitated with a manual milling machine. The background of your ornament can be minted. With the help of embossing, you can smooth out the bumps that form during manual processing, and improve the visual effect of your creation. You can also apply various deepenings to the background: cells, grooves, grooves, using small incisors.

slotted thread

This wood carving has no background. If we remove the background in a flat-relief ornament, then we get a slotted carving. In products like a box, for expressiveness and delicacy, colored paper or fabric is placed underneath.

relief carving

The main goal of our study guide- this will share experience with the masters, and help novice carvers to master this carving. Without taking into account other types of thread, we will dwell on relief carving, as it is complicated in execution and development. If we make ornamental products using the technique of relief carving, then they will be very decorative and expressive.

Relief woodcarving has long been used by the Russian people in Orthodox churches. And in our time, some monuments of Russian architecture and art have been preserved, for example: the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. relief carving with painting and gilding is unusually and solemnly beautiful.

Now let's decipher the relief. Relief is a bulge or convex ornament on a plane, or a combination of various irregularities on the surface of our earth's crust.

bas-relief(low relief) - a sculptural ornament or image, convex above a flat surface of wood less than one second of its thickness.

High relief this is a sculptural ornament or image that can protrude above some plane by at least half the thickness of the entire sculpture. These definitions clearly show that relief carving is divided into two types: 1) high relief - with high relief, 2) bas-relief - with low relief.

Volumetric thread, it is also called sculptural. Unlike the previous types, voluminous objects are trimmed with this carving from several sides or even from all. In architecture, these are columns of balconies, wooden columns, carved balusters, etc. Furniture legs are often trimmed with volumetric carvings. These details may well be considered sculptural images.

Artistic wood carving is one of the oldest and most common types of artistic wood processing, in which a pattern is applied to a product using an ax, knife, chisels, chisels, chisels and other similar tools. With the improvement of technology, wood turning and milling appeared, which greatly simplified the work of the carver. Carving is used in home decor, when decorating household utensils and furniture, for making small wooden plastic and toys. The carving differs in types - flat-relief carving, openwork carving, three-dimensional carving and root plastic.

Flat-relief woodcarving

Flat-relief woodcarving is one of the most common types of carving. Relatively shallow relief (5-20 mm) retains the same height with equal depth of the main background. The main motives of flat-relief carving are floral ornaments, stylized images of figures of people and animals. Her technique is relatively simple. Carved decorations are applied to a pre-prepared product. Initially, the contour of the drawing is drawn with a sharp object, then the master cuts the drawing along the contour with a chisel and selects the background with chisels. The relief is often processed with additional cuts that model the image - leaf veins, horse manes, small details. The set of tools depends on the complexity of the drawing; in some cases, carvers use up to 60 cutters and chisels of various profiles and sizes.

Flat-relief carving is divided into varieties: carving with an oval contour - the edges of the pattern cut along the contour are slightly rounded, and the background is usually not chosen at all; carving with a pillow background - the background is cut very gently, forming a semicircular bulge, resembling a whipped pillow; carving with a selected background - around the outlined pattern, the background is selected to an equal depth, which makes the image more embossed.

Flat-relief carving was used primarily in home decor and was known in Russia since the pre-Petrine time, having become widespread in the Volga region, in the Russian North, in the Urals. The development of the Volga carving was greatly influenced by the "ship carving", on the basis of which a special baroque type of carving was developed. At the end of the 19th century in Abramtsevo near Moscow, through the efforts of artists and collectors, the craft of Abramtsevo-Kudrin carving arose, continuing the ancient Russian traditions of relief carving.

relief carving

Relief carving has almost no flat surface. The forms of the ornament are revealed by the relief of different heights. Distinguish between bas-relief and high-relief carving. Bas-relief carving - This is a carving, the relief figures of which protrude above the background plane or adjacent ornamental elements up to half of their own volume. High relief carving - This is a carving, the relief figures of which protrude above the background plane or adjacent ornamental elements by more than half of their own volume.

Relief carving is characterized by a deep selection of the background in comparison with other types of carving and a detailed study of elements to sculptural forms. Carving and background sampling can be done with the usual set of tools, which requires additional physical effort.

After selecting the background, you should work out the main plans within the drawing, model and work out the figures of people, birds, animals, the interweaving of floral ornaments, the shape of twigs and leaves, their height above the background and in relation to each other. All this must be done before the final surface finishing with strokes, veins, notches, etc.

Relief carving is very expressive and decorative. In the past, it was widely used to decorate interiors - wall panels, door portals, as well as in furniture. Currently, relief carving is also used to decorate the interiors of public buildings in the form of wall panels.