Russian warships. About promising projects of ships for the Russian Navy. Challenges facing coastal troops

At its height, the Soviet Union had one of the largest navies in the world. Subsequently, after the collapse of the country, the situation worsened significantly. A large number of ships and submarines ceased service and were sent for dismantling. Those who remained, in turn, could not continue full-time service, which seriously hit the country’s defense capability.

However, by now the opportunity has arisen to once again begin building ships, submarines, auxiliary vessels and the necessary infrastructure. Some earlier plans have already been completed, allowing future course of action to be determined.

Currently, several dozen orders for navy. Over the next few years, the fleet will receive a large number of new and refurbished ships and submarines. In addition, deliveries of completely new technology. Some details of promising projects with the help of which the power of the Navy will be created in the distant future are already known. In recent years, several new projects of ships and submarines have been presented or announced, which are expected to begin service at least in the middle of the next decade.

Aircraft carrier

Perhaps one of the main topics of discussion in the context of the development of Navy ships in recent years is promising project domestic aircraft carrier. Currently, our country has only one ship of this class, which leads to corresponding expectations. The general public, and with it some representatives of the country's military and political leadership, are showing great interest in ships with the ability to carry aviation group. However, this interest has not yet left the stage of preliminary study of the problem.

A model of a promising aircraft carrier, presented several years ago.

Over the past few years, the topic of building new aircraft carriers has been repeatedly raised on different levels, but so far things have not gone beyond discussions and elaboration of some issues. According to various statements by representatives of the armed forces and the country's leadership, the new aircraft carrier may not be built until the end of the current decade. In addition, an additional shift in timing to the right is possible with the delivery of the first ship of the new type no earlier than the mid or late twenties. Thus, the possibility of building an aircraft carrier is not excluded, but the timing of this work does not inspire optimism at all.

Despite the absence of any clear plans, shipbuilding is already offering its own options for promising ships. Previously reported, Krylov State science center is developing several variants of the aircraft carrier project. These ships must differ in size, displacement and other characteristics. Back in 2013, at one of the Russian exhibitions, a model was shown demonstrating the main ideas of one of the new projects. For obvious reasons, it is only a visualization of one of the proposals, which is why it may (or even should) differ significantly from the ship that will be built in the future.

According to available data, the possibility of building ships with a displacement of up to 80-90 thousand tons with a nuclear reactor or non-nuclear power plant, capable of carrying about fifty aircraft, is being considered. It is proposed to take off using catapults or a springboard, and landing using an arresting arrester. Time will tell which of these proposals will reach practical implementation and which will be changed.

The timing of the start of work on the creation and construction of a promising aircraft carrier is still a matter of debate and is therefore unknown. At the same time, the lack of significant news recently suggests that the construction program is being shifted again. As a result, even the mid-twenties looks like an overly optimistic version of the ship’s delivery date. Thus, at least for the next 10-12 years, it will retain the title of the only aircraft carrier of the Russian Navy.

Landing ships

Most recently, there was active discussion of a contract for the construction of two universal landing ships of the Mistral type, French-designed. First, the contract itself was discussed, its necessity and consequences for the fleet, and then the topic of debate became the refusal of official Paris to transfer the built ships and the events that followed. The result of all the events surrounding the two ships was the return of the money paid to Russia and the search for a new buyer. However, the successful resolution of the Mistral story did not remove the issue of creating new landing ships from the agenda.

Model of UDC "Avalanche"

Currently, the main hope of the landing fleet is the ships of Project 11711. The first large landing ship of this type () has already been built, and the second (“Petr Morgunov”) was laid down last year. According to project 11711, as it was announced, only two ships will be built. In the future, new types of ships will go into production.

Last summer, information appeared about plans for the construction of larger landing ships, according to the description, corresponding to the universal class. According to press reports, the first such ship will begin to be built in 2016. It should differ from existing ships in its large size and the ability to land troops at a considerable distance from the coast. It will be able to transport not only armored vehicles of various types, but also helicopters. It was stated that the fleet would receive at least four such ships.

Apparently, unnamed media sources, speaking about the new UDC, were referring to the Avalanche project, developed by the Nevsky Design Bureau. At the beginning of last summer, a model of such a ship was presented at the Army 2015 forum. The project was created as a possible replacement for already built ships that France refused to transfer. In terms of its characteristics, the Avalanche ship should not be inferior to the Mistrals. In addition, it is expected to provide some advantages over existing technology, both domestic and foreign.

The Avalanche UDC should have a displacement of 24 thousand tons and a length of about 180 m. The ship should receive artillery and missile weapons for self-defense. Most of the hold and deck volumes will be allocated for the transportation of armored vehicles and aircraft. The stated possibility of transporting 50 armored vehicles, up to 16 helicopters and up to 500 people. Due to own funds and with the assistance of landing boats, “Avalanche” will be able to land troops both at a distance from the coast and directly on the coast, equipped or unequipped.

Last year it was reported that construction of new landing ships could begin as early as 2016. However, other dates were also mentioned - no earlier than 2018. At the same time, there is reason to believe that the command of the navy has already decided on the need to build such ships, which is why only the timing of this work and the contractor remain in question. Which enterprise and in what time frame will begin the construction of ships of the Avalanche type (or another similar project) will become known in the foreseeable future.

Destroyers "Leader"

At least since the end of the last decade, development of a new destroyer has been underway, which in the future should replace existing ships of several projects. From time to time, the shipbuilding industry published some details of ongoing work, and also revealed certain features of the project. Finally, in 2015, a model of a promising ship was shown for the first time.

Model of the destroyer "Leader"

According to previously announced data, it will have a displacement of 18 thousand tons, which will allow it to be equipped with all the necessary equipment and weapons. This ship is planned to be responsible for anti-submarine and air defense, as well as striking ground and surface targets. It was argued that the Leader would be able to replace the existing Project 956 destroyers and Project 1155 large anti-submarine ships. In terms of its strike capabilities, this destroyer would be second only to the Project 1144 missile cruisers.

The use of a nuclear power plant was mentioned. In addition, it was planned to equip the Leader with universal launchers for missiles for various purposes. The total ammunition load is estimated at 150-200 missiles. The full composition of the ship's armament has not yet been disclosed, which leads to various assumptions. For example, there is a version about equipping the destroyer with a long-range anti-aircraft missile system developed on the basis of the promising S-500 “land” system.

The next few years are planned to be spent on completing the development of the new project. Construction of the main “Leader” will start in 2019. Navy Commander-in-Chief Admiral Viktor Chirkov announced similar plans last year. The number of destroyers has not yet been specified, but some sources mention the possibility of building a series of 10-12 ships in the interests of several fleets. Most of the new destroyers will probably go to serve in the Northern and Pacific fleets.

Submarine fleet

In recent years, the development of the navy's submarine forces has been given special attention. The consequence of this is the serial construction of nuclear and diesel-electric 636.3 “Varshavyanka”. So, in the case of the latter, the program is already approaching the end of the construction of the first batch of six submarines, after which it is planned to order a second similar series. Also in June it is planned to lay down the next submarine of the Borey project, and construction of the sixth Yasen will start at the end of the year.

Project 636.3 diesel-electric submarine “Varshavyanka”

Recently there have been some news about further development submarine fleet. It is reported that the Malachite design bureau is currently developing the appearance of a new multi-purpose nuclear submarine, which will belong to the fifth generation. The project has received the Husky code and is in the early stages. At the moment, very little is known about this project.

Husky-class submarines will have to solve the same problems as Project 885 submarines, and their main armament will be Zircon missiles. It’s too early to talk about any characteristics, if only because of the current stage of the project. For now, experts are only engaged in shaping the appearance of the new technology and determining its main features.

The next State Armament Program, which will be implemented until 2025, plans to include the construction of new non-nuclear submarines with an air-independent power plant. Thus, in the foreseeable future, the navy will receive submarines of the new Kalina project, created at the Rubin Central Design Bureau for MT. The number of submarines required has not yet been determined, but this issue will be resolved over the next few months. The new State Program is planned to be approved by the end of 2016.

It is reported that new project"Kalina" involves equipping the submarine with an air-independent power plant and the "Caliber" missile system. Other technical details have not yet been disclosed. According to domestic press reports, the new project already exists, but has not yet been agreed upon with the Ministry of Defense and has not received its approval. Thus, in the near future there should be several important stages projects that will pave the way for serial construction.

Near future

The construction of new aircraft carriers, Leader destroyers, Avalanche landing ships and Husky submarines is a matter of the rather distant future. The laying of these ships and submarines will take place at least at the end of the current decade, which will lead to corresponding deadlines for the delivery of finished equipment. However, the construction of ships and submarines of various types is already underway, which makes it possible to modernize the fleet and increase its combat effectiveness without waiting for the creation of new promising projects.

The frigate "Admiral Grigorovich", transferred to the fleet on March 10, 2016.

According to available data, by the end of this year 2016, the navy should receive about a dozen new warships and submarines of several types. By the end of the year, the fleet plans to deliver the lead “Admiral of the Fleet” Soviet Union Gorshkov." On March 10, the acceptance certificate was signed for the head patrol ship Project 11356 "Admiral Grigorovich". By the end of the year, two more similar ships will be transferred to the fleet - Admiral Essen and Admiral Makarov.

It should be noted that the construction of the next ships of Project 11356 should be seriously delayed due to problems with the supply of components. Due to the temporary lack of suitable engines, they will only be completed and transferred to the fleet by the end of the decade. No earlier than mid-2016, the large landing ship Ivan Gren of Project 11711 will join the fleet.

Also planned for this year is the delivery of the corvettes “Sovershenny” and “Gromky” of Project 20380. Thus, this year the fleet will receive seven large surface ships: the first of them (the frigate “Admiral Grigorovich”) has already been delivered, six more are waiting for their time.

Plans for completing the construction of submarines for the current year are much more modest. At the end of the year, two Project 636.3 Varshavyanka submarines will be transferred to the Black Sea Fleet: B-268 Veliky Novgorod and B-271 Kolpino. The next transfers of nuclear submarines currently under construction are planned only for 2017.

Currently, our country is implementing a program for the construction of new ships and submarines. Several new units should enter the navy by the end of this year. Delivery is also planned for the next years large quantity new ships. This will increase the share of new equipment to the required level and thereby increase the combat effectiveness of the Navy.

Simultaneously with the implementation of current orders for existing projects, the domestic industry is developing new ships and submarines. In some cases, as with the aircraft carrier, the future of current projects is not yet determined and is subject to debate. Other projects already contain certain plans that will be implemented in the future.

Construction of the Leader destroyers, Husky submarines and other new equipment will begin no earlier than 2018-20, and they will enter service only by the middle of the next decade. Thus, already now, many years before the expected start of service of new ships, experts are creating the groundwork for protecting the country in the future.

The mine-sweeping forces of the Russian Navy are awaiting a major update. In the next 15 years, the fleet command expects to receive 40 minesweepers of Project 12700 "Alexandrite", which are created using latest technologies shipbuilding. In addition, by 2020 the Navy should receive 60 support vessels. The strengthening of the non-combat component of the fleet indicates a future expansion of the capabilities of the strike forces. About plans to modernize the Navy - in the RT material.

The Navy will have 40 new generation mine defense ships at its disposal, said Igor Dygalo, a representative of the Department of Information and Mass Communications of the Russian Navy. We are talking about Project 12700 Alexandrite minesweepers, which are built from composite materials. The hull of the ships consists of fiberglass - a lightweight (3.5 times lighter than steel) and extremely durable material.

The use of composites and, in particular, “non-magnetic” fiberglass makes it possible to solve several important problems modern conditions tasks. First of all, reducing weight and displacement saves fuel and makes the ship invisible to radar.

Composites increase the survivability of a ship in the event of a mine explosion or enemy attack and increase the service life of the hull. Project 12700 minesweepers have a huge resource for subsequent modernization. These unique ships will most likely become the basis of the Russian mine-sweeping fleet for the next 50-60 years.

• Mine defense ship "Alexander Obukhov" in St. Petersburg
• RIA Novosti

The pride of the Russian Navy is the base minesweeper of Project 12700 BT-730 “Alexander Obukhov”, which has been in service with the Baltic Fleet since December 2016. The ship has the world's largest monolithic fiberglass hull. Displacement of the BT-730 is 890 tons, length is 61 m, width is 10 m.

In a short time

The developer of Project 12700 is the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau, located in St. Petersburg. Minesweepers are also being built in the Northern capital of Russia on Sredne-Nevsky shipyard- the only enterprise in the world where they create monolithic buildings up to 80 m long.

To the gallery page

The Navy expects shipbuilders to commission at least two vessels per year. Thus, in 15 years the fleet will include approximately 40 minesweepers. An obstacle to the implementation of such ambitious plans There may be interruptions in financing and the need to replace equipment that was previously imported from France.

The Navy Commander-in-Chief has adjusted the purchase plans for Project 12700 ships several times. On March 11, 2015, Deputy Navy Commander-in-Chief for Armaments, Rear Admiral Viktor Bursuk, said that by 2050 the fleet plans to receive about 30 ships.

Now the planned figure is 40 minesweepers, and the fleet should receive them in a shorter time. If the assigned task is completed, the mine-sweeping forces will be renewed by more than 50%.

From open data it follows that Russia has 48 minesweepers various types(basic, raid, sea, minelayer, river).

• Sea minesweeper "Ivan Golubets" of the Russian Black Sea Fleet
• RIA Novosti

At the same time, the High Command of the Navy is not going to write off all minesweepers of the previous generation. Ships that are in good technical condition will receive full serial maintenance. In this regard, it is possible that the size of the mine-sweeping fleet of the Russian Federation will exceed 50 ships by 2025.

Auxiliary Component

Minesweepers have a wide range of functions related to mining water areas, searching for and destroying mines, and guiding ships through minefields.

The modernization of minesweepers has become of great importance in connection with the improvement of mine fuses. Modern minesweepers use unmanned underwater vehicles to search for mines.

Russian ships of Project 12700 will use all the latest technologies and, judging by the stated characteristics, will focus on sea voyages. At the same time, minesweepers of the previous generation (projects 266-M and 1265) will ensure mine safety of the coast and near sea zone.

Mine sweeping forces constitute a non-combat component of the Navy, but without them efficient work It is impossible to expand Russia's presence in the World Ocean. The production of Project 12700 ships fits into the main tasks prescribed in the 2015 Maritime Doctrine of the Russian Federation.

Another way to support and improve the combat capabilities of the Navy's strike forces is to modernize the auxiliary fleet, whose functions include technical support ships. Auxiliary naval forces are engaged in the transportation of fuel, weapons, ammunition, repairs, rescue work, intelligence and scientific research.

• Marine weapons transport "General Ryabikov"
• RIA Novosti

Russia has more than 500 auxiliary ships. According to the plans of the Ministry of Defense, the auxiliary fleet will receive 61 new ships by 2020. In 2016, shipbuilders were supposed to hand over 12 ships to the Navy. The plan for 2017 is ten vessels, for 2018 - six, for 2019 - 16, and for 2020 - 17.

On May 7, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said that the need to purchase new auxiliary ships arose in connection with the experience gained during the Syrian operation. According to the Army General, the effective operation of the Navy's combat forces is impossible without a modern auxiliary fleet.

• Sergei Shoigu
• globallookpress.com
• Kremlin Pool/Global Look Press

“They (new ships. - RT) will solve complex problems of logistics support at the bases and near operational zones of fleets, as well as in the far sea and ocean zones, including the Arctic,” Shoigu noted.

Far sea zone

Comprehensive modernization, including the combat component, is on the agenda of the Russian Navy. This is a more expensive and complex process, the implementation of which will depend on financial resources country and the geopolitical tasks set by the leadership of the Russian Federation.

According to experts interviewed by RT, in general, the current combat strength of the Navy corresponds to the goals prescribed in the Naval Doctrine. However, Russia is experiencing a shortage of icebreaker fleet due to the development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), as well as a shortage of large surface ships.

In addition, analysts argue that the Syrian operation demonstrated the importance of increasing the Russian presence in the World Ocean. Without this, Russia will not be able to effectively solve geopolitical problems and contain the naval forces of NATO member countries.

The Navy needs to increase the number of ships of the first and second ranks (displacing over 4 thousand tons) - aircraft carriers and destroyers, as well as submarine cruisers, for example, the Project 955 Borei strategic submarines.

Currently, the Navy includes 210 warships. Of these, more than 50 ships belong to the first and second ranks: one aircraft-carrying cruiser, three nuclear-powered missile cruisers, three missile cruisers, ten large anti-submarine ships, six destroyers, 19 large landing ships and nine patrol ships (frigates).

• Reuters

Today, not all of the above surface ships are in combat-ready condition. Some of them are undergoing repairs and modernization, and a small number are outdated. In order to renew the fleet, a number of breakthrough projects are being implemented.

Experts place great hopes on the Project 11356 Burevestnik frigates, which are designed to perform tasks in the far sea zone. The ships' displacement is about 4 thousand tons, length - 124 m, width - 15 m, speed - 30 knots, cruising range - 4850 nautical miles (8940 km).

In 2016, the Black Sea Fleet received two frigates from the Kaliningrad Yantar plant - Admiral Grigorovich and Admiral Essen. The Admiral Makarov is currently undergoing testing; three ships are in the process of construction - Admiral Butakov, Admiral Istomin and Admiral Kornilov.

• spacebattles.com

To others promising direction in the development of the Navy are frigates of the far sea zone of project 22350 of the St. Petersburg “Northern Shipyard”. In the summer of 2017, state tests of the Admiral Gorshkov will end. Three frigates are currently under construction - Admiral Kasatonov, Admiral Golovko and Admiral Isakov.

"Leader" and "Storm"

A real breakthrough for the Navy will be the implementation of Project 23560 “Leader”, which involves the construction of destroyers. The destroyers' displacement will be about 17.5 thousand tons, length - 200 m, width - 20 m. The project is being developed by the Northern Design Bureau in St. Petersburg.

• Model of a destroyer of project 23560 (code “Leader”)
• Wikimedia Commons

The destroyers are planned to be equipped with the most modern strike weapons (Zircon hypersonic missiles, Caliber-NK, Oniks complexes), the latest air defense systems (ship version of the S-500, Poliment-Redut air defense system), and the A-192 universal cannon. Armat" and the "Packet-NK" torpedo complex.

The project is being developed in secrecy, and any reliable information about tactical and technical characteristics(TTX), there is no timeframe for completing the design and laying down of the first lead ship.

Also not disclosed are the plans of the Ministry of Defense and the Navy to implement Project 23000 of the Storm aircraft carrier, which was developed by the Krylov State Research Center in St. Petersburg.

• Project 23000 "Storm"
• Wikimedia Commons

At the end of April 2017, the British publication The Independent reported that Russia will acquire the first “Storm” by 2030. On June 1, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin said that the decision on the construction of new aircraft carriers will be made closer to 2025. According to him, now the emphasis is on replenishing the Navy with ships in the near and far sea zone.

Submarine force

In parallel with the surface fleet, the submarine fleet is also changing. The Navy has 72 submarines on its balance sheet: 13 nuclear submarines with ballistic missiles, nine nuclear submarines with cruise missiles, 18 multipurpose submarines, 24 diesel submarines, nine special purpose submarines.

In recent years, the Project 636 Varshavyanka diesel submarine project has been implemented. From 2014 to 2016, the Black Sea Fleet received six submarines, and six more submarines will be part of the Pacific Fleet by 2021.

From 2012 to 2014, the Navy included three strategic submarine cruisers of Project 955 Borei: K-535 Yuri Dolgoruky, K-550 Alexander Nevsky and K-551 Vladimir Monomakh.

By 2025, the Ministry of Defense expects to modernize four Project 949A Antey nuclear-powered missile cruisers for the Pacific Fleet. Installations with Granit cruise missiles will be replaced with more advanced Kalibr-PL complexes.

On May 24, Sergei Shoigu emphasized that the Russian submarine fleet has enough resources to constantly patrol the World Ocean. However, nine of the 13 nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines may be on combat duty.

The Minister of Defense said that in the coming years the naval component of the nuclear triad will include 13 nuclear-powered cruisers, of which seven are Boreys with Bulava missiles.

To the gallery page

“With a high probability, the program will involve the repair and modernization of ships of the first and second ranks, for example, Project 1144 Orlan missile cruisers. I don't think that new submarine cruisers will be built. Maintaining strategic deterrence until 2025 will be ensured by the submarines on the fleet,” Kornev said.

In his opinion, the state will allocate money for the purchase of Project 20385 corvettes, manufactured using composite materials, and Project 21631 Buyan-M small missile ships. In addition, several frigates, diesel-electric submarines and icebreakers will be purchased.

“Given the reduction that affected the GPV, no new aircraft carriers will be built. However, the fleet may well be replenished with helicopter carriers own production and “Mistral”, which Egypt can give us. I don’t rule out that the implementation of the Leader project will start, although the situation with it is very vague,” Kornev added.

According to the expert, Russia can build aircraft carriers on its own.

“Ideally, we need four aircraft carriers, a dozen destroyers to accompany them, and several new strategic submarines. This is the goal that we must ultimately reach if we want to feel comfortable in the World Ocean,” said Kornev.

At the same time, he noted that the pursuit of the number of warships is pointless if money is not invested in improving coastal infrastructure and modernizing docks, berths and piers.

“It’s appropriate to talk about the combat stress coefficient. With quantitative parity, the USSR Navy was twice as bad as the US Navy. Due to poor quality service, there were half as many ships at sea. Now the laying down of new ships should go in parallel with the improvement of coastal infrastructure,” Kornev emphasized.

Follow us

New Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Vladimir Korolev promised that in the next two years the fleet would include more than fifty ships. What exactly will one of Russia’s two main “allies” be replenished with?

Admiral Vladimir Korolev became commander in chief this month. Since November 2015, he has taken over the duties of his predecessor, who was experiencing health problems. Viktor Chirkov. Chirkov was never able to fully recover from the difficult operation, and eventually submitted his resignation.

Before his appointment to the main naval position, Korolev commanded the Black Sea and Northern fleets, as well as the joint strategic command “North”. In his last position, he made a significant contribution to the deployment of the Russian group of troops and the creation of military infrastructure in the Arctic.

Speaking on Monday, April 18, at the ceremony where he was presented with the standard of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral Korolev said: “I would like to emphasize that in the three years from 2013 to 2016 we introduced 42 warships into the permanent readiness forces. In the period from 2016 to 2018, we plan to additionally introduce more than 50 ships into the Navy. This will make it possible to strengthen groups, including interspecies, in almost all strategic directions.”

Despite the fact that detailed lists of ships under construction with all accompanying details belong to secret documentation (or, at least, to information for official use), the overall picture can be reconstructed with a high degree of reliability using open sources. Let's try to do this.

Aircraft carriers and destroyers

Despite all the optimistic aspects in Russian shipbuilding, the creation of full-fledged aircraft carriers or at least aircraft-carrying cruisers is a matter of the not so distant, but future. So far, things have not gone further than ideas, plans and layouts, and it will be possible to talk about something substantive no earlier than 2020-2025.

The project of universal landing helicopter carriers “Avalanche” / “Priboi”, approximate analogues of the long-suffering French “Mistrals”, which, due to well-known political circumstances, migrated from the Russian fleet to the Egyptian one, looks more realistic. This project was introduced last year, production of at least four is planned to begin in 2016-2018.

Another type of large warship that is about to be built is Project 23560 nuclear destroyers (code “Leader”). It is planned to commission as many as 12 of them, but the laying is scheduled for approximately 2109.

Thus, we cannot expect anything from this category until 2018, even purely theoretically.

Patrol ships (frigates and corvettes)

Before considering this group, a small disclaimer is necessary. In the Soviet Navy, ships, approximately equal in characteristics to frigates and corvettes in the global classification, were classified as patrol ships (SKR) - with a division into the far and near sea zones. Due to inertia and the presence of a significant number of Soviet-built ships, we have a Soviet classification with a gradual transition to a global one.

So, here we can already expect the arrival of several ships before 2018. Firstly, these are two of the eight ordered (and 15 planned) Project 22350 frigates - Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov and Admiral of the Fleet Kasatonov. Both have long been launched, the tests of the first are coming to an end, the second are beginning. The third frigate in the series, Admiral Golovko, should be launched this year, but it is not a fact that it will be handed over to the fleet in the next two years.

We are also expecting the commissioning of 2-3 patrol boats of project 11356 “Burevestnik” (modernization of the Soviet project 11355). The lead ship “Admiral Grigorovich” has already been in service since last month, “Admiral Essen” and “Admiral Makarov” are being tested, and “Admiral Butakov”, also last month, was launched.

In addition, Project 20380 corvettes are being built. In addition to the four transferred to the Baltic Fleet, at least one ("Perfect") should be at the end of this or the beginning next year enlist in the Pacific Fleet. Perhaps the corvette Gromky will have time to join him.

Landing ships and boats

In the near future, both large landing ships of Project 11711 - Ivan Gren and Pyotr Morgunov - should enter the Navy. The first - by the fall of this year.

In 2017, all five air-cushion landing boats of the Murena project should go into operation - they already have experience in building them for the Navy South Korea. In addition, the Black Sea Fleet should receive a second landing boat of Project 02510. Interestingly, such boats, among other things, are equipped with reconnaissance drones, also, by the way, domestically produced.

Small warships and boats, patrol ships and minesweepers

This group is the largest. The most interesting here are the small ones rocket ships(MRK) of project 21631 “Buyan-M”, similar to those who were on duty off the coast of Syria and attacked terrorists with “Caliber” missiles from the Caspian Sea. Moreover, they are already being replaced or supplemented by the Project 22800 MRKs (code “Karakurt”). The total expected number by 2018 is 3-5.

There will be several more to fight saboteurs and help border guards (about 5-6 in addition to the 10 built) anti-sabotage boats project 21980 “Rook”. The protection of the near and distant approaches to the coast will be carried out by 3-4 modular patrol ships of Project 22160, and mine defense will be carried out by at least one (head) base minesweeper of Project 12700 “Alexandrite”.

Submarines

As for the submarine fleet, in addition to the three strategic missile submarine cruisers (SSBNs) of Project 955 "Borey", the "Prince Vladimir" should be put into operation - the first of those under construction modernized project 955U "Borey-A". Perhaps by 2018 “Prince Oleg” will arrive in time. Note that SSBNs are carriers of sea-based nuclear ballistic missiles.

The Kazan multi-purpose nuclear submarine with cruise missiles, which is being built according to the modernized project 08851 Yasen-M, is also expected to arrive.

If we talk about non-nuclear (diesel-electric) submarines, then two Varshavyankas (project 636.3) should be commissioned within two years. Both the B-268 “Veliky Novgorod” and the B-271 “Kolpino” will go to the Black Sea Fleet. Submarines of this class also took part in the Syrian operation - the Rostov-on-Don launched an attack from the Mediterranean Sea with Kalibr-PL cruise missiles.

Auxiliary vessels

We will not dwell in detail on auxiliary vessels, especially since there is not much information on them. By 2018, 1 rescue tugboat with the function of cargo transportation, 2-4 medium and small tankers, 2-3 experimental vessels (intended for testing new weapons and equipment), 4-6 tugboats, from 2 large hydrographic boats should be put into operation , 5 floating cranes and 10-15 rescue and other auxiliary boats.

* * *

Thus, we counted 30-35 warships and 25-35 auxiliary ships. Even if we take the minimum numbers, the final replenishment of the ship's personnel will clearly be more than 50. This means that we have no reason to doubt the words of the new commander in chief.

The Navy is a specific branch of the Armed Forces that guards the interests of Russia. They are ready to defend their homeland in the ocean and sea theaters of military operations. The Navy is ready to cooperate with the Ground Forces during possible continental wars.

Navy flag

Since 1992, the fleet has regained the historical flag of the Russian Navy, thereby continuing the interrupted tradition. Under it, as before, sailors perform important tasks in maintaining the country's defense capability.

Missions of the fleet in peacetime

In peacetime, the fleet's potential serves to deter possible aggression of a potential enemy towards the Russian Federation. Continuous combat training is underway. It would seem that the time is peaceful, but somewhere along their routes missile-carrying submarines (RPLSN) are continuously on combat duty. In strategically important areas, search, observation and escort of submarine-launched submarines and aircraft carrier groups of a potential enemy are carried out. Its intelligence and communications are being counteracted. A preliminary survey of areas of possible military operations is being carried out.

The Russian Navy is ready to protect the coast, act together with the Ministry of Internal Affairs and internal troops in the event of civil conflicts, and when eliminating the consequences of disasters, work together with the Ministry of Emergency Situations and civil defense.

It is obvious that it is the Naval Forces that represent the best guarantee for the implementation of national economic activities in the World Ocean. They represent the Russian Federation in the vast expanses of water and, at the direction of the command, perform representative functions by visiting ships. The Russian Navy also fulfills interstate obligations by participating in peacekeeping operations ratified by the world community, provided they comply with the interests of the country.

Tasks of the fleet in wartime

In wartime, the fleet is ready to actively defend the sovereignty of the state in the exclusive zone, as well as on the continental shelf. In addition, he should also carry out a specific “maritime task” in the face of military threats - to defend the freedom of the high seas. To carry out the above tasks at the time specified by the combat work standards, it is transferred to a military state through operational deployment. If it is possible to localize a conflict or prevent it by protecting shipping, this function is performed first.

In the conditions of the active phase of hostilities, the Russian Navy fleet must hit remote enemy ground targets, ensure the combat operation of the submarine-launched missile launchers, strike the enemy’s submarine and surface naval forces, coastal defenses, protect the Russian coast, and interact with ground front-line force groups.

Fleet Composition

The leadership of the military fleet is carried out by the Main Command of the Navy. This refers to the management of its functional forces and assets: surface and underwater, naval aviation, coastal troops, coastal artillery and missile forces, and marines.

Organizationally, the following operational-strategic associations are made up: the Baltic, Northern, Pacific, Black Sea fleets, as well as the Caspian flotilla.

Northern Fleet

The naval bases are Severomorsk and Severodvinsk. It is called ocean-going, nuclear-powered, missile-carrying. The basis of its combat power is made up of nuclear-powered missile-carrying submarines and torpedo submarines, missile-carrying and missile-carrying aircraft, submarine-launched, missile ships, as well as the aircraft carrier - the flagship of the fleet, the nuclear-powered heavy missile cruiser "Peter the Great". At the same time, this mighty warship is the flagship of the Russian Navy.

The length of this missile cruiser is 251.1 m, width is 28.5 m, height from the level of its main plane is 59 m, displacement is 23.7 thousand tons. The mighty “heart” of the giant are two nuclear reactors. The autonomy of the Russian flagship is determined by the food supply for the crew on board, which is enough for about 2 months. Technically, thanks to its reactors, the cruiser can sail unlimitedly - without entering ports. The maximum speed of the ship is 31 knots.

The Northern Fleet is the most formidable operational-strategic formation of the Russian Navy. The warships that make up its might are regularly assigned combat training missions for the purpose of combat training. For example, the fleet’s flagship crosses the Atlantic Ocean together with accompanying ships approximately once every year and a half, and has participated in the international exercises Vostok-2010 and Indra-2009.

Baltic Fleet

It is serving near the “window to Europe.” Its composition (ships) is now being intensively modernized and updated. The process is taking place against the backdrop of NATO countries building up their military power in Europe. The Baltic Fleet is planned to be strengthened with new Project 11 356 frigates with eight anti-ship cruise missiles and anti-submarine missile torpedoes on board.

This operational-strategic formation is based in the Kaliningrad region (Baltiysk) and in Leningrad region(Kronstadt). Functionally, it protects the Baltic economic zone, promotes the safety of the passage of ships, and performs the functions foreign policy. This is the oldest Russian fleet. Its history began with the victory over the Swedish ships on May 18, 1703. Today, 2 - “Restless” and “Persistent” - form the basis of the combat power of the Russian Baltic Navy.

Its combat potential is formed by a brigade of diesel submarines, a division of surface ships, auxiliary ship formations, coastal troops, naval aviation. The flagship ship is the destroyer Nastoychivy. This year, ship navigation systems (hydrometeo complexes, cartographic systems, hydraulic direction indicators, etc.), it is planned to modernize the Baltiysk harbor.

Black Sea Fleet

After Crimea entered the Russian Empire in 1783, under Empress Catherine the Great, this fleet was created. Today it is based in the cities of Sevastopol and Novorossiysk. Since March 18, 2014, the main base of the Black Sea Fleet - the city of Sevastopol - became part of Russia.

The Russian Black Sea Navy has 25 thousand people. It consists of the following forces and means: diesel submarines, ocean-sea surface ships, naval aviation (fighter, missile-carrying, anti-submarine). The main tasks of this fleet are to protect the Black Sea economic zone and ensure navigation. The flagship of the fleet is the missile cruiser Moskva.

Currently, military observers are reporting the formation of the Black Sea naval coastal forces and artillery with supporting radio military units equipped with S-300PM2 and Pantsir-S1 air defense systems. It is expected that the naval aviation of the fleet will be strengthened by MiG-29 and Su-27SM aircraft, and Su-25SM attack aircraft. It is also planned to reinforce anti-submarine aviation by additionally equipping units with Il-38N aircraft, Ka-52K attack helicopters and deck-based Ka-29M and Ka-27 helicopters.

As reported in the press, a regiment of Tu-22M3 bombers will be stationed at the airfield in Gvardeyskoye. They will be able to tactically support Russian Navy ships of the Mediterranean squadron. At the same time, the formation of land military units on the peninsula is taking place.

Pacific Fleet

This Russian fleet ensures the protection of Russian interests in the Asia-Pacific region. It is based in Vladivostok, Fokino, and Maly Ulisse. The basis of combat power is made up of strategic submarine missile cruisers, nuclear and diesel submarines, ocean-going surface ships, naval aviation (fighter, missile-carrying, anti-submarine), and coastal troops. The flagship of the fleet is the missile cruiser Varyag.

This fleet performs an important strategic task nuclear deterrence. Nuclear submarines are constantly on combat duty routes. The Pacific ships of the Russian Navy provide guaranteed protection of the regional economic zone.

Caspian flotilla

The Caspian flotilla is based in Makhachkala and Kaspiysk. The region of this sea is its area of ​​​​responsibility. Organizationally, the flotilla is a component of the Southern Military District. It is formed by brigades and divisions of surface ships. The flagship of the flotilla is the Gepard patrol ship, equipped with Kalibr-NK cruise missiles. It is tasked with countering terrorism, navigation safety, and protecting the state interests of Russia in the oil-producing region.

Ships included in the Russian Navy

At first glance, it is difficult for a non-specialist to even imagine the ship composition of the Russian Navy, but nevertheless, as it turned out, this information is freely available. This allows you to “embrace the immensity”: to present summary data on the fleets of a power occupying 1/5 of the landmass in a convenient, compact form (see Table 1). Let us comment on the abbreviation made in the table: for the sake of compactness, the fleets in it are indicated in capital letters.

Table 1. Ship composition of the Russian Navy as of the beginning of 2014.

Prospects for the development of the Russian Navy

Let us analyze the prospects for the development of the fleet, based on an interview given by the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Viktor Viktorovich Chirkov.

The very logic of the development of the Fleet as a complex, integral organism, the admiral believes, does not accept hasty decisions.

Therefore, its development is planned as a strategic process until 2050. The goal of further progress is associated with increasing the effectiveness of the enemy’s nuclear deterrence.

The plan provides that the Russian Navy will receive the latest ships in 3 stages:

• from 2012 to 2020;
• from 2021 to 2030;
• from 2031 to 2050.

At the first stage, the construction of fourth generation nuclear submarine cruisers will be completed. The main carrier of ballistic weapons will be Project 955A RPLSN.

The second stage will be marked by the replacement of existing RPLS with their IV generation analogues. It is also planned to create a ship-based strategic missile system for surface ships. At the same time, the development of fifth-generation nuclear submarine cruisers will begin.

At the third stage, it is planned to begin the construction of tested fifth generation nuclear cruisers.

In addition to fundamentally increasing the potential characteristics of the Russian Navy, the newest ships - strategic submarine cruisers and ballistic missile launchers - will be characterized by increased stealth, low noise, perfect communications, and the use of robotics.

Challenges facing coastal troops

Let us recall that we have previously named the main bases of the Russian Navy for all its fleets. However, the planned development of the fleet for the period until 2050 will certainly affect the coast guard. What accents does Commander-in-Chief Chirkov see in it? Considering the bases of the Russian Navy in the process of their further strategic development, Viktor Viktorovich is betting on completing the creation of coastal missile systems, training and equipping the Marine Corps to carry out tasks in the North.

Conclusion

Although the basis organizational structure The Russian Navy will not change (4 fleets and 1 flotilla), within their framework various highly maneuverable strike forces will be created. Successful developments continue in the key to their creation unmanned vehicles, artificial intelligence systems, marine robotic systems, non-lethal weapons.

Summing up the review of the Russian fleet, we should pay special attention to the prospect of its renewal with ships of the IV, and then the V generation. At the same time, the basis of the Navy's power after the plan is implemented will be underwater nuclear cruisers V generation. A fundamental increase in combat power will be accompanied by the improvement of command and control systems and the integration of naval forces into interservice groupings of troops in possible theaters of combat operations.

To conclude our modest presentation of the Russian Navy, here is a photo of its nuclear-powered flagship, the missile cruiser Peter the Great.

They are on par with the US Navy. And this is not surprising. Well, we should briefly talk about the Navy, and separately touch on such interesting topic, as a classification of ships.

Definition

The modern Russian Navy is the successor to the navy of the USSR and the Russian Empire. These troops protect the country’s sovereignty, which extends beyond its land territory, and also create and maintain conditions for ensuring calm maritime economic activity in the World Ocean. Also Russian fleet participates in military, humanitarian and other actions that meet the interests of our country. And, in addition to the above, the Navy ensures the naval presence of the Russian state in the World Ocean.

There are many tasks. They are all diverse and have their own characteristics. And it is not surprising that our fleet includes a wide variety of equipment and vessels. That is why there is a classification divided into classes (depending on what their purpose is). And they, in turn, are divided into subclasses. It all depends on the specialization, type of power plant and displacement.

It is also important to know that all ships are also divided into ranks. The distribution among them depends on the tactical and technical elements and their immediate purpose. And to begin with, I would like to say that in Russia there are four ranks, and the first is considered the highest.

General characteristics of the first rank

This class includes nuclear submarines, as well as large surface ships. That is, aircraft carriers, anti-submarine, missile, heavy and light cruisers, as well as battleships. All ships of the first rank have seniority over the others in matters relating to supply and manning. And, of course, in terms of ceremonial procedures.

The commander of a ship of the first rank is obliged to be responsible for the mobilization and combat readiness of his regiment. Also, monitor the successful completion of combat missions and the training, education, and discipline of personnel. He is also responsible for internal order, as well as for the safety of weapons and related equipment. And, of course, he is obliged to control the material, financial, medical, etc. services of the regiment.

Vessels belonging to the first rank

The classification is very detailed. Aircraft carriers stand tallest. These are large surface ships for special purposes, the main striking force of which is carrier-based aircraft. They provide air cover, landing of landing forces, and also carry out air strikes against a formation of enemy ships. Plus, they are used to transport goods and people. The main weapons are helicopters and aircraft based on the deck. They are also equipped with all the necessary means to ensure the functioning and basing of aircraft.

Next come cruisers - surface combat ships that perform tasks regardless of the main forces of the Navy. They use artillery, missile, mine-torpedo, anti-submarine weapons and air defense. Cruisers can destroy enemy ships, hold defenses and support the coastal flanks of ground forces.

The first rank also includes the main weapons of which are air defense systems and shock missile system. This classification of ships also includes underwater combat ships. They destroy enemy ships, conduct reconnaissance, and secretly lay minefields. Their weapons include mines, torpedoes and missiles. Rank 1 also includes anti-submarine and landing ships.

Subclasses: cruisers

Since the first rank is the most serious, it is necessary to pay attention to the subclasses of ships. First on the list are heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers. Their displacement is more than 25,000 tons! They work on a steam turbine power plant. It is this classification of ships of the Russian Navy that demonstrates the power of our state in the international arena.

Next come heavy nuclear-powered missile cruisers. Their characteristics are close to those of the above-mentioned vessels. Only they work at a nuclear power plant. These vessels are permanently based on two helicopters and an attack guided missile system, which is capable of destroying large surface ships.

The classification of ships also includes missile cruisers. They operate in remote areas of the oceans and seas, and their purpose is to destroy large enemy surface vessels, thereby providing anti-aircraft defense and air defense for their ships. Also of the first rank are nuclear submarine cruisers, which are capable of hitting large coastal objects at a distance of up to 8,250 kilometers from a position under water at a depth of 400-600 meters.

Boats and ships of the first rank

When discussing such a topic as the classification of rank 1 Navy ships, one cannot fail to mention the large nuclear submarine. She is worthy of attention. Here the boat has one name: it is a large, 2-hulled warship. Its displacement is ~6000-10000 tons. The ship is equipped with torpedo tubes, a nuclear installation, cruise missiles - everything that can be used to destroy aircraft carrier strike groups and submarines.

Also, the classification of ships by size includes large anti-submarine and universal landing ships. Displacement - 6500-9000 and<11500 тонн соответственно. Первые из перечисленных обеспечивают слежение и уничтожение атомных подводных лодок, а вторые - перевозку техники и войск.

2nd rank

A vessel of the second rank is a three-deck vessel. It has a jack that rises on the bow flagpole when moored. The purpose of ships of the second rank is to carry out military and defensive operations in the far sea zone. Moreover, both independently and as part of compounds.

The classification of ships of rank 2 begins with a patrol vessel. His main task is to protect. But, nevertheless, this is a multi-purpose combat ship. And it has weapons (artillery, mines, anti-submarine, missile and air defense). It is designed to protect both the ship itself and the escort. The classification of ships of the second rank also includes missile ships. They are designed to destroy surface enemy equipment on closed seas, as well as in the near sea zone.

Another rank 2 includes special-purpose submarines (to destroy enemies) and landing ships (to transport military equipment and employees).

Third rank ships

They are also commonly called two-deck, linear. They do not have a jack, and their purpose is to carry out operations in the near sea zone. The classification of third-rank warships begins with small missile ships. They are designed to destroy any enemy naval combat equipment on closed seas. The main weapons are an air defense system and a strike missile system.

There are also small artillery and anti-submarine ships. These are combat surface vessels. Artillery units provide fire support for the amphibious assault, and anti-submarine units search for, track down and destroy enemy submarines.

Also, the classification of warships includes the so-called minesweepers. These are special purpose surface vessels. Their task is to search, detect and mine bottom and sea anchor mines. Minesweepers also guide ships and other vessels through mines.

Small landing craft also belong to the third rank. These are surface ships that transport personnel and military equipment.

Ships of the fourth rank

These include two-deck linear ships, the number of guns of which ranges from 44 to 60 units. If we touch on such a topic as the classification of warships by size, then it should be noted that rank 4 is the smallest ships. They do not have a jack, and their displacement is only 100-500 tons. Compare at least with aircraft carriers, whose figure is 25,000 tons!

And vessels of the fourth rank operate in the coastal sea zone, as well as in roadsteads.

The classification of warships by size ends with combat and landing boats. These are small surface ships. Vessels of the first type listed are designed to strike enemy naval equipment. And landing boats unload troops and equipment onto the shore. Among the vessels of the 4th rank there are minesweepers operating in roadsteads, in the coastal zone and in the waters of the naval base.

Based on all of the above, everyone, even a person not privy to the details, will draw the conclusion: it is not without reason that the Russian Navy is considered one of the most powerful in the whole world. And this fact cannot but rejoice.