Mi 8amtsh tactical specifications. Now "Made by us" in Telegram. What is a helicopter for?

The mountain range of the Stavropol Territory has become a training base for paratroopers and crews of Mi-8AMTSh-"Terminator" helicopters. The servicemen of the air base of the Southern Military District deployed in a remote area, where, according to the legend of large-scale exercises, militants were in charge. A key role in the fulfillment of the task was played by transport and attack helicopters - only five Terminators were enough to destroy a large group of terrorists.

Rebirth of the G8

In the Stavropol Territory, tactical flight exercises of the air base of the Southern Military District were successfully held, at which Russian military personnel worked out actions in the event of a current threat - the detection of illegal armed formations. According to the legend of the exercise, a terrorist base was discovered in the forest, where about 50 militants hid.

To conduct a counter-terrorist operation, this area was blocked, and at night three groups of tactical airborne troops landed in a hard-to-reach area.

The transfer of paratroopers was carried out by Mi-8AMTSh Terminator transport and attack helicopters, the crews of which then supported the infantry with air fire.

To destroy the base of militants, as well as their caches with weapons and ammunition, helicopters carried out more than 10 launches of Ataka anti-tank guided missiles. In addition, the crews of universal helicopters worked out the delivery of ammunition and military cargo to hard-to-reach areas of the forest and mountainous areas, the press service of the Southern Military District reported.

As the name implies, the Mi-8AMTSh-Terminator transport and attack helicopter was created on the basis of the famous G8. The carefully thought-out design of the Mi-8 had a huge resource of modifications, which allowed the helicopter to become the most massive twin-engine helicopter in the world, as well as enter the list of the most massive helicopters in the entire history of aviation.

The military modification of the Mi-8AMTSh is also distinguished by its versatility - the new helicopter is designed to deal with armored ground, surface, fixed and mobile targets, to destroy manpower, transport cargo, troops and the wounded, as well as to perform search and rescue and evacuation operations.

For the first time AMTSh was shown to the general public at the Farnborough'97-99 exhibition, where it was dubbed the "Terminator". This loud nickname has taken root and is now even mentioned in many official publications. The "highlight" of the AMTSh, which distinguishes this helicopter from previous modifications of the G8, was the installation of powerful weapons - the Ataka or Shturm ATGM, as well as the Igla missile defense system. The supersonic high-precision Ataka guided missile has a radio command guidance system with increased noise immunity. It effectively hits tanks with dynamic armor protection, as well as air targets. The supersonic "Needle" of the air-to-air class is used according to the "let-and-forget" principle.

The mobile gun mount has a range of deflection angles of 220° in the horizontal plane and 53° in the vertical plane, which makes the helicopter less vulnerable to the enemy. And thanks to the selective power supply of the gun, the crew can choose the right type of projectile right during the battle.

In total, six Terminator hardpoints, in addition to Attack, Shturm and Igla, can accommodate up to 1400 kg of combat load - UV-16-57 or UV-32-57 launchers, as well as 250-kilogram bombs. Small arms include up to eight firing points - AKM assault rifles, PK and RPK machine guns on the sides, the rear hemisphere is covered by a remotely controlled PKT machine gun.

In addition to a solid arsenal of weapons, the designers also took care of reliable protection - armor covers the bottom and glazing of the cockpit, the partition between the cockpit and the cargo compartment, fuel tanks, and the bottom under the gunner's place in the cargo compartment. And so that the shells do not reach the hull at all, the helicopter is equipped with screen-exhaust devices, a jammer and an improved system for ejecting false “heat traps”. The cabin can accommodate up to 36 paratroopers, or 12 wounded soldiers on a stretcher. The maximum speed of the Terminator is 260 km / h, the practical range is 1200 km, and the practical ceiling is 4.5 km.

A new word in tactics

When comparing the "Terminator" with its predecessor - the Mi-8, experts talk about the same difference as between domestic cars and foreign cars. Assessing the capabilities of helicopters manufactured in Ulan-Ude, first of all, pilots note the “responsiveness and softness” of the control. Due to the Russian VK-2500-03 engines manufactured by Klimov, which have increased power, installed on the helicopters, the machines have become more maneuverable, which is especially evident at high altitudes. Thanks to the TA-14 auxiliary power unit with increased launch altitude and power output, the Mi-8AMTSh autonomous basing duration has been significantly increased, according to the Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant JSC.

High flight performance, as well as improved combat potential, made it possible to significantly expand the range of combat missions. Pilots have the opportunity to conduct independent and full-fledged combat operations in the dark, which introduces novelty into the tactics of military operations of army aviation. The cockpit is adapted for the use of infrared cameras with night vision goggles and is equipped with multifunctional indicators that display a digital map of the area, and the latest flight and navigation equipment that works with GPS and GLONASS systems.

The updated satellite navigation system helps the navigator to bring the car exactly to the specified area. The helicopter makes it possible to fly day and night in difficult weather conditions, and the meteorological radar station, a new Doppler speed and drift angle meter, as well as new radio compasses and an additional altimeter indicator now allow pilots to navigate well in any weather. Due to the use of modern radio communication equipment, the quality of communication with the ground has been improved. In addition, search and rescue operations will now be greatly simplified thanks to a searchlight controlled from the remote control, as well as an additional winch for lowering and raising people from several points.

Thanks to serious design work, the Terminator turned out to be endowed with enormous potential, which will serve Russia faithfully for decades to come. No wonder the manufacturer of helicopters - the aircraft plant in Ulan-Ude is loaded with orders for the "defense industry" until 2020, and the total amount of contracts between the Ministry of Defense and the plant exceeds 50 billion rubles.

The Mi-8AMTSh helicopter was developed on the basis of the Mi-8AMT multipurpose helicopter. "Terminator" - an unofficial nickname, under which the prototype of this machine was shown in 1999 at the air show in British Farnborough. The helicopter was adopted by the Russian Air Force in 2009. Export version of the helicopter - Mi-171Sh.

The vehicle retained its airborne capabilities, at the same time receiving a guided weapon system similar to the Mi-24 helicopter, as well as enhanced armor protection (made of lightweight metal-ceramic armor) and new avionics.

The maximum takeoff weight is 13 tons. Maximum speed 250 km/h, cruising 230 km/h. Range 610 km. Payload up to 4000 kg. Carries up to 26 paratroopers or 12 wounded on a stretcher, accompanied by medical staff. The crew of three people: the commander, the co-pilot (he is also the operator of guided weapons) and the flight engineer, who also performs the functions of a gunner of machine gun installations.

Engines - two turboshaft TV3-117VM with a take-off power of 2100 hp, on the upgraded Mi-8AMTSh-V, which went into service in the summer of 2014 - two VK-2500-03 with a reinforced transmission.

The machine is equipped with a new avionics complex, which includes, among other things, weather radar, satellite navigation equipment and infrared equipment, as well as night vision goggles for pilots. The defense complex includes screen-exhaust devices and the ASO-2V trap shooting system.

The armament of the helicopter is placed on 4-6 beam holders on the sides of the fuselage. The helicopter can be armed with the Shturm-V complex with 9M114 or 9M120 guided missiles (up to eight pieces). The range of onboard armament includes up to four B8V20-A units with 80 mm S-8 unguided rockets, up to two guided cannon containers with 23 mm GSh-23L cannons, and up to two 7.62 mm machine guns in the bow and stern mounts . The troop compartment has six pivot mounts for attaching weapons to paratroopers.

There is also a special version of the Mi-8AMTSh-VA, equipped for use in the Far North, incl. in the polar night.

The "highlight" that distinguishes the AMTSh from the previous variants of the "eight" is the inclusion of the "Ataka" or "Shturm" ATGM, the "Igla" air-to-air missile system in the armament. For the first time, the Mi-8AMTSh helicopter was shown at the Farnborough exhibition, it was also demonstrated at MAKS - 97. The Mi-8AMTSh may be interested, first of all, in countries that have Mi-8 transport helicopters in service, but do not have specialized combat helicopters; China, for example. Given that upgrading the Mi-8 into the Mi-8AMTSh is cheaper than upgrading the Mi-24 to the current level, and the Mi-8 itself can be used more flexibly than the "crocodiles", direct competition between the two helicopters is also possible. At the exhibition Farnborough - 99, the helicopter was named "Terminator".

Specifications

Video

The Mi-8AMTSh "Terminator" attack helicopter bears little resemblance to its well-deserved progenitor. Only by the general features of the hull lines can one guess that the device belongs to the most massive series of helicopters in the history of Soviet and Russian aviation.

From "workhorse" to rotary-winged fortress

By the middle of the twentieth century, the era of piston engines was inexorably coming to an end. Progress in the development and construction of turboprop and turbojet power units, a more rational ratio of their mass and power characteristics made designers seriously think about using such engines on rotorcraft.

Contrary to the well-known saying, the very first model of the Mi-8 helicopter with two gas turbine engines, developed jointly by OKB Izotov S.P. and OKB Mil M.L., mass-produced since 1965, for a long time became the standard of efficiency and reliability, an excellent base for future modifications. Among them:

• Passenger.
• Transport.
• Multipurpose.
• Special purpose (search and rescue, command posts, reconnaissance, medical, etc.).

In total, more than 130 variants of the Mi-8 were created.

Helicopters Mi-8AMTSh "Terminator"

For the first time, this deeply modernized variation of the rotorcraft was presented to the general public by the designers of the Ulan-Ude Aviation Enterprise at the MAKS Aviation and Space Salon in 1997. Two years later, at a similar event in Farnborough (Hampshire, UK), the Mi-8 AMTSh model received another name - "Terminator".

In 2009, the aircraft was adopted by the Russian army. Until 2020, the Russian Aerospace Forces should receive 132 combat helicopters. The machine is also in good demand abroad - supply contracts have already been signed with the governments of Peru, Ghana, Uganda and Sri Lanka. What qualities allow the new modification of the Mi-8 to successfully compete with the products of other domestic and foreign industry leaders?

Flight performance of the Mi-8AMTSh "Terminator"

The helicopter differs from the base model in protective armor and a smaller area of ​​cockpit nose glazing. Metal-ceramic armor plates covering the crew, main components and assemblies can withstand a direct hit by a 12.7 mm caliber bullet. Fuel tanks are equipped with a special system that prevents the loss of fuel in case of damage to the outer shell: bullet holes are restored with a polyurethane foam mixture. In the event of damage and loss of control, the design of the chassis of the Mi-8AMTSh "Terminator" helicopter is capable of significantly dampening the impact energy from a collision with the ground.

Two powerful TV3-117VM gas turbine units provide the car with a cruising speed of 230 km/h (maximum - up to 250 km/h), a static and practical ceiling of 3980 and 6000 meters, respectively. The volume of fuel tanks guarantees the cruising range of 715 km for the helicopter. For reliable starting of engines in high altitude conditions, an auxiliary power unit TA-14 is provided.

The modern avionics complex includes weather radar, satellite navigation equipment, infrared equipment and individual night vision devices.

Universal Soldier

The Mi-8AMTSh "Terminator" helicopter is capable of solving a wide range of military and civilian tasks. Re-equipment can be carried out immediately before departure and is carried out in a very short time by the efforts of the crew, consisting of two people, and maintenance personnel. In addition to carrying out search and rescue and evacuation operations, the helicopter is capable of delivering up to 26 paratroopers to the drop site and providing them with serious fire support. The rotorcraft can transport up to four tons of cargo.

Mi-8AMTSh combat helicopters, depending on the assigned tasks, can be equipped with:

• Two machine guns (7.62 mm) with full ammunition (4000 rounds).
• Anti-tank guided missiles (up to 6 pcs.).
• Blocks with S-8 unguided rockets (up to 20 units, air-to-ground class) and air bombs.
• Guided missiles "Igla-V" ("air - air").
• Double-barreled aircraft gun (23 mm caliber, 500 rounds of ammunition).

The invulnerability of the "Terminator" is sharply increased thanks to a modern defense complex, which includes a screen-exhaust device and a system for firing traps.

arctic guardian

In 2016, Ulan-Ude helicopter builders created the first model with the "VA" index for the needs of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, designed for operation in high latitudes. The Arctic version received a new transmission and more powerful VK-2500-03 power plants. Energy and auxiliary indicators have been increased, which ensures reliable and comfortable operation of the machine in offline mode. And of course, the Mi-8AMTSh "Terminator" was thoroughly insulated. For these purposes, technologies used for spacecraft were used.

In addition, the car was equipped with a new digital autopilot, which significantly improves the accuracy and quality of navigation and piloting in the conditions of the polar night and unorientated terrain.

In 2009, the Mi-8AMTSh helicopter entered service with the army of the Russian Federation (you can see a photo of it in this article). It was developed on the basis of the Mi-8 transport helicopter, which proved itself during the war in Afghanistan. The machine differs from its prototype in the presence of weapons systems and improved armor. In addition, the shape of the nose has changed, the glass area has decreased.

Purpose

The Mi-8AMTSh helicopter, which is unofficially called the "Terminator", is used to transport personnel and cargo. Performs the following tasks:

• Landing of paratroopers (up to 26 people) in the rear or on the battlefield.

• Air cover for troops.

• Air reconnaissance of enemy positions.

• The ability to destroy tanks and other heavy equipment.

• Transportation of goods (including ammunition) with a total weight of up to 4 tons.

• Transportation of the wounded on stretchers (total 12 seats) and accompanying physicians.

In addition, it is the Mi-8AMTSh that participates in many rescue operations. He is able to deliver landing troops to the battlefield along with weapons, and take back the sick and wounded.

Modifications

Depending on the purpose, the Mi-8AMTSh is produced in several versions. Each of them has its own distinctive characteristics that narrow the tasks performed by the machine.

The transport option is designed to transport goods. In turn, it is also divided into several types:

• For transportation of goods with a total weight of up to 4 tons in the cargo compartment. Additional fuel tanks are not installed in this case.

• With installation of one additional fuel tank.

• With the installation of two fuel tanks.

• For transporting cargo weighing up to 4 tons on a suspension located outside the machine.

• For transportation inside the cargo compartment with an open ramp of oversized cargo.

An amphibious modification has been developed for the transportation of landing troops and all their equipment. It is allowed to transport 20 people at the same time. The number of passengers increases to 34 after the installation of special seats.

Another option, designed to transport people, belongs to the category of sanitary. It also comes in three trim levels:

• to transport 12 wounded on stretchers;

• combined, which allows you to transport 17 people in a sitting position and 3 people on a stretcher;

• for transporting 15 seated wounded (differs in the presence of an additional fuel tank).

There is a separate distillation option. Its main difference is the presence of two additional fuel tanks, which are located in the cargo compartment.

Mi-8AMTSh modifications also differ in the type of weapons that the helicopter has. Combat variants of the vehicle can be equipped with small arms, bombers or the B8V-20A unit.

Separately, I would like to say about the modification of the Mi-8AMTSH-VA. It was designed specifically for use in regions with a cold climate (in the Arctic).

Specifications

The length of the Mi-8AMTSh helicopter is more than 18 m. Its height is 5.65 m. At the same time, the main propeller is 21.29 m in diameter, and the additional (tail) propeller is 3.91 m. The empty helicopter weighs 7.26 tons. normal weight 11.1 tons, maximum - 12.2 tons.

Earlier models were equipped with two turboshaft engines with a takeoff power of 2100 hp. With. Models produced after 2014 began to be equipped with two engines with a reinforced transmission.

The speed developed by the helicopter can be up to 260 km/h. Cruising speed is at the level of 225 km/h. The fuel tank holds 1450 kg of fuel. It can be further extended by another 1420 kg. In this case, the practical range of the machine is 1200 km. But the range is 465 km.

The crew includes only 2 people.

Protection system and booking

It differs from its predecessor Mi-8AMTSH in improved armor. Its protection is made of ceramic-metal armor. Thanks to this, the crew and the main parts of the vehicle are protected from 12.7 mm caliber bullets. As for the fuel tanks, if they are hit, a special protective system will fill the hole with polyurethane foam. This prevents fuel loss.

There are 2 standard parachutes for the crew, which are necessary for evacuation in case of damage to the vehicle. They are used if the helicopter is above 100 m. If the altitude is less than this value, then the shock is compensated by the special design of the landing gear (to a greater extent) and the seats (which compensate for the remaining impact).

Armament

The armament of the helicopter is located on the sides of the fuselage on special beam holders. It can be:

• Complex "Shturm-V" (up to 8 missiles).

• Four blocks with S-8 unguided rockets (80 mm).

• Two guns (23 mm).

In addition, two installations (fore and aft) have machine guns (7.62 mm). The paratroopers' weapons are in pivot mounts. There are only six of them. Through the existing loopholes, paratroopers can fire even during the flight. Thanks to such serious weapons, the helicopter is an integral part of many military conflicts.

Helicopters of Russia and the world (video, photo, pictures watch online) occupy an important place in the overall system of the national economy and the Armed Forces, honorably fulfilling the civil and military tasks assigned to them. According to the figurative expression of the outstanding Soviet scientist and designer ML. Mile, “our country itself is, as it were, “designed” for helicopters.” Without them, the development of the boundless and impassable spaces of the Far North, Siberia and the Far East is unthinkable. Helicopters have become a familiar element of the landscape of our grandiose construction projects. They are widely used as a vehicle, in agriculture, construction, rescue service, military affairs. When performing a number of operations, helicopters are simply irreplaceable. Who knows how many people's health was saved by the helicopter crews who took part in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident. The lives of thousands of Soviet soldiers were saved by combat "turntables" in Afghanistan.

Before becoming one of the main modern transport, technological and combat vehicles, Russian helicopters have come a long and not always smooth path of development. The idea of ​​lifting into the air with the help of a main rotor originated among mankind almost earlier than the idea of ​​flying on a fixed wing. In the early stages of the history of aviation and aeronautics, the creation of lift by "screwing into the air" was more popular than other methods. This explains the abundance of rotary-wing aircraft projects in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Only four years separate the flight of the Wright brothers' plane (1903) from the first lift of a man into the air by helicopter (1907).

The best helicopters were used by scientists and inventors, they hesitated for a long time which method to prefer. However, by the end of the first decade of the XX century. less energy-intensive and simpler in terms of aerodynamics, dynamics and strength, the aircraft took the lead. His successes were impressive. Almost 30 years passed before the creators of helicopters finally managed to make their devices workable. Already during the Second World War, helicopters went into mass production and began to be used. After the end of the war, the so-called "helicopter boom" arose. Numerous firms began to build samples of new promising technology, but not all attempts were successful.

Combat helicopters of Russia and the United States It was still more difficult to build than an aircraft of a similar class. Military and civilian customers were in no hurry to put a new type of aviation equipment on a par with the already familiar aircraft. Only the effective use of helicopters by Americans in the early 50s. in the war in Korea convinced a number of military leaders, including Soviet ones, of the advisability of using this aircraft by the armed forces. However, many, as before, continued to consider the helicopter "a temporary delusion of aviation." It took another ten years until helicopters finally proved their exclusivity and indispensability in performing a number of military tasks.

Russian helicopters have played a big role in the creation and development of Russian and Soviet scientists, designers and inventors. Their significance is so great that it even gave rise to one of the founders of the domestic helicopter industry, Academician B.N. Yuriev to consider our state as the "birthplace of helicopters." This statement, of course, is too categorical, but our helicopter pilots have something to be proud of. These are the scientific works of the school of N.E. Zhukovsky in the pre-revolutionary period and the impressive flights of the TsAGI 1-EA helicopter in the pre-war years, the records of the post-war Mi-4, Mi-6, Mi-12, Mi-24 helicopters and the unique Ka family of coaxial helicopters, modern Mi-26 and Ka -32 and much, much more.

The new Russian helicopter is relatively well covered in books and articles. Shortly before his death, B.N. Yuryev began to write the fundamental work "The History of Helicopters", but managed to prepare only the chapters relating to his own work in 1908 - 1914. It should be noted that insufficient attention to the history of such an aviation industry as helicopter construction is also characteristic of foreign researchers.

Military helicopters of Russia in a new way shed light on the history of the development of helicopters and their theories in pre-revolutionary Russia, the contribution of domestic scientists and inventors to the global process of development of this type of equipment. A review of pre-revolutionary domestic works on rotary-wing aircraft, including previously unknown ones, as well as their analysis were given in the corresponding chapter in the book "Aviation in Russia", prepared for publication in 1988 by TsAGI. However, its small size significantly limited the size of the information provided.

Civil helicopters in their best colors. An attempt has been made to cover the activities of domestic helicopter industry enthusiasts as fully and comprehensively as possible. Therefore, the activities of leading domestic scientists and designers are described, as well as projects and proposals are considered, the authors of which were significantly inferior to them in their knowledge, but whose contribution could not be ignored. Moreover, in some projects, which generally differed in a relatively low level of development, there are also interesting proposals and ideas.

The name of the helicopters denoted significant qualitative changes in this type of equipment. Such events are the beginning of a continuous and systematic development of helicopter projects; the construction of the first full-scale helicopters capable of taking off the ground, and the beginning of mass production and practical use of helicopters. This book covers the early history of helicopter engineering, from the concept of propeller lift into the air to the creation of the first helicopters capable of taking off from the ground. A helicopter, unlike an airplane, a flywheel and a rocket, does not have direct prototypes in nature. However, the screw that creates the lifting force of the helicopter has been known since ancient times.

Small Helicopters Despite the fact that propellers were known and there were empirical prototypes of helicopters, the idea of ​​using a main rotor to lift into the air did not become widespread until the end of the 18th century. All the rotorcraft projects being developed at that time remained unknown and were found in the archives many centuries later. As a rule, information about the development of such projects has been preserved in the archives of the most prominent scientists of their time, such as Guo Hong, L. da Vinci, R. Hooke, M.V. Lomonosov, who in 1754 created an "airfield machine".

Private helicopters in a short time were created literally dozens of new designs. It was a competition of the most diverse schemes and forms, as a rule, one- or two-seat apparatus, which had mainly an experimental purpose. The military departments were a natural customer for this expensive and complex equipment. The first helicopters in different countries were assigned to communications and reconnaissance military vehicles. In the development of helicopters, as in many other areas of technology, two lines of development can be clearly distinguished - but the dimensions of the machines, that is, the quantitative one, and the line of development of the qualitative improvement of aircraft within a certain size or weight category that almost simultaneously arose.

Site about helicopters which contains the most complete description. Whether the helicopter is used for geological exploration, agricultural work or for the transport of passengers - the determining role is played by the cost of an hour of operation of the helicopter. A large share of it is depreciation, that is, the price divided by its service life. The latter is determined by the resource of the aggregates, r, e. by their service life. The problem of increasing the fatigue strength of the blades, shafts and transmissions, main rotor bushings and other units of the helicopter has become a paramount task that still occupies helicopter designers. Nowadays, a resource of 1000 hours is no longer a rarity for a serial helicopter, and there is no reason to doubt its further increase.

Modern helicopters comparing the combat capabilities of the original video has been preserved. The image found in some publications is an approximate reconstruction, and not entirely indisputable, carried out in 1947 by N.I. Kamov. However, a number of conclusions can be drawn on the basis of the archival documents cited. Judging by the test method (suspension on blocks), the "airfield machine" was undoubtedly a vertical take-off and landing apparatus. Of the two methods of vertical lift known at that time - with the help of flapping wings or by means of a main rotor - the first seems unlikely. The protocol says that the wings moved horizontally. In most flyers, they are known to move in a vertical plane. A flywheel whose wings oscillate in a horizontal plane with an installation angle that changes cyclically, despite repeated attempts, has not yet been built.

The best helicopter design is always directed to the future. However, in order to more clearly imagine the possibilities for further development of helicopters, it is useful to try to understand the main directions of their development from past experience. What is interesting here, of course, is not the prehistory of the helicopter industry, which we will only briefly mention, but its history from the moment when the helicopter, as a new type of aircraft, was already suitable for practical use. The first mention of a device with a vertical propeller - a helicopter, is contained in the notes of Leonardo da Vinci dating back to 1483. The first stage of development stretches from the model of a helicopter created by M. V. Lomonosov in 1754, through a long series of projects, models, and even devices built in kind , which were not destined to take to the air, until the construction of the world's first helicopter, which in 1907 managed to get off the ground.

The fastest helicopter in the outlines of this machine, we recognize the schematic diagram of the most common single-rotor helicopters in the world now. B. I. Yuryev managed to return to this work only in 1925. In 1932, a group of engineers, headed by A. M. Cheremukhitsnch, built a TsAGI 1-EA helicopter, which reached a flight altitude of 600 m and lasted 18 m / w in the air which was an outstanding achievement for that time. Suffice it to say that the official flight altitude record, set 3 years later on the new Breguet coaxial helicopter, was only 180 m. At this time, there was a pause in the development of helicopters (helicopters). A new branch of rotorcraft, gyroplanes, came to the fore.

The new Russian helicopter, with a larger load on the wing area, came close to the then new spin problem with loss of speed. It turned out to be easier to create a safe and sufficiently perfect autogyro than to build a helicopter helicopter. The main rotor, freely rotating from the oncoming flow, eliminated the need for complex gearboxes and transmissions. The articulated attachment of the main rotor blades to the hub used on gyroplanes provided them with much greater strength, and stability for the gyroplane. Finally, stopping the engine was no longer dangerous, as was the case with the first helicopters: by autorotating the gyroplane, it was easy to land at low speed.

Large helicopters for landing marines from ships determined the further development of the military helicopter industry as a transport and landing. The landing by S-55 helicopters of the American troops at Inchon during the Korean War (1951) confirmed this trend. The size range of transport and assault helicopters began to be determined by the dimensions and weight of ground vehicles used by the troops and which needed to be airlifted. Therefore, the carrying capacity of the first transport helicopters in foreign armies was 1200-1600 kg (the weight of a light military vehicle used as a tractor and related guns).

USSR helicopters correspond to the weight of light and medium tanks or corresponding self-propelled chassis. Whether this line of development will be completed in such a range of dimensions depends on the ever-changing military doctrine. Artillery systems are mostly being replaced by rockets, which is why we find demands from the foreign press as well. Power did not lead to an increase in payload. Indeed, but to the technical level of that time, the weight of propellers, gearboxes for the entire apparatus as a whole increased with an increase in power faster than the lifting force increased. However, when creating a new useful and even more so new for national economic application, the designer cannot put up with a decrease in the achieved level of weight return.

Soviet helicopters, the first samples, were created in a relatively short time, since the specific gravity of piston engines always decreased with increasing power. But in 1953, after the creation of the 13-ton Sikorsky S-56 helicopter with two 2300-hp piston engines. with the size range of helicopters in the Zapal was interrupted and only in the USSR, using turboprop engines. In the mid-fifties, the reliability of helicopters became much higher, therefore, the possibilities of their use in the national economy also expanded. Economic issues came to the fore.