GOST for wood sawdust. Wood sawdust. What is sawdust

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

RAW WOOD FOR THE MASS
WOOD PRESSING

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

GOST 12431-72

USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS

Moscow

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

By the Decree of the State Committee of Standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated January 14, 1972 No. 171, the deadline for the introduction was established

*P reissue (January 1984) with changes No. 1,2 approved in January 1980 (IUS 2-80, IUS 12-83)

from 01.01.73

Checked in 1983. By the Decree of the State Standard of September 14, 1983 No. 4215, the validity period was extended

until 01.01.90

Non-compliance with the standard is punishable by law

This standard applies to wood raw materials intended for the manufacture of wood pressing masses.

one . TYPES AND DIMENSIONS

1.1 . Types and sizes of raw materials, depending on the type of wood pressing mass, must correspond to those indicated in the table.

mm

Type of raw material	Length, no more	Width, no more	Thickness, no more	Type of wood pulp according to GOST 11368-79
Waste birch veneer	1600	No limit		mdpc
Hardwood and softwood shavings				MDPS
Hardwood and softwood sawdust	No limit			mdpo

2 . TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1 . Bark and fungal infections are not allowed in raw materials from veneer waste. Wood defects are determined by GOST 2140-81.

2.2 . Raw materials from sawdust and shavings should be without signs of rot and have the color and smell of healthy wood; the presence of bark in the raw material should not exceed 5%, dust (fine wood particles) should not exceed 10% by weight.

2.3 . Raw materials should not contain mineral impurities and metal inclusions.

2.4 . Humidity of raw materials should not be more than 12%. By agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to supply sawdust and shavings with a moisture content of not more than 12%.

2.5 . Raw materials must be sorted by type. Wood raw materials are allowed in the form of a mixture of shavings with sawdust.

2.4 , 2.5. (Changed edition, Rev. No. 1, 2).

2.6 . Accounting for raw materials produced in kilograms.

3 . ACCEPTANCE RULES

3.1 . Raw materials are accepted in batches. The batch is considered the amount of raw materials of the same type, issued by one quality document containing:

name of the manufacturer, its location and trademark;

type of raw material;

batch weight in kilograms;

lot number;

raw material quality indicators;

date of manufacture;

designation of this standard.

3.2 . For quality control, 3% of raw materials are selected from the mass of the batch. If there is more than one wagon of raw materials in a batch, a sample is taken from each wagon.

3.3 . If unsatisfactory results are obtained for at least one indicator, a second check is carried out for this indicator on a double sample. The recheck results apply to the entire lot.

Sec. . (Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

4 . TEST METHODS

4.1 . Point sampling is carried out from three different places of the mass of raw materials selected according to paragraph 1. . Spot samples are connected together and mixed, while the mass of the combined sample should be from 0.5 to 2.0 kg.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

4.2 . The presence of bark and fungal lesions in raw materials from veneer waste is determined visually on a point sample without the use of magnifying instruments.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

4.3 . The presence of bark and rot in raw materials from sawdust and shavings is determined by GOST 18320-78.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

4.4 . The presence of mineral impurities and metal inclusions in raw materials from veneer waste is determined visually on a point sample without the use of magnifying instruments.

(Changed edition, Rev. No. 1, 2).

4.5 . To determine the content of mineral impurities in raw materials from sawdust and shavings, a 2 g sample taken from a point sample is taken and placed in a glass (measuring cylinder) with a capacity of 100 cm 3, where 70 cm 3 of a solution of zinc chloride with a density of 1.6 g / cm 3. (Zinc chloride - according to GOST 4529-78 ). The contents of the beaker (measuring cylinder) are mixed and allowed to settle for 30 minutes. The presence of mineral impurities settled at the bottom is determined visually without the use of magnifying instruments. In this case, three parallel determinations are carried out. The presence of mineral impurities in at least one of the definitions applies to the entire batch.

4.6 . The presence of metal inclusions in raw materials from sawdust and shavings is determined by GOST 18320-78.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

4.7 . The moisture content of raw materials is determined by GOST 9621-72 on three portions of at least 3 g each, taken from a point sample.

To determine the moisture content of raw materials from sawdust and shavings, cups are used according to GOST 23932-79. Samples from veneer waste are not crushed.

(Changed edition, Rev. No. 1, 2).

4.8 . The dust content in raw materials from sawdust and shavings is determined by GOST 18320-78.

4.9 . The length and width of waste veneer and chips are measured with a metal ruler along GOST 427-75 with an error of no more than 0.1 mm.

The thickness of waste veneer and chips is measured with a thickness gauge according to GOST 11358-74 with an error of not more than 0.1 mm.

4.8 , 4.9. (Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 2).

5 . PACKAGING, LABELING, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

5.1 . Raw materials from veneer branches are packed in packs. Bundles must be tied with wire GOST 3282-74 or twine numbers 1,3 and 3 GOST 17308 -71. Other types of strapping material are allowed, which are not inferior in strength to those indicated.

The mass of a pack should not exceed 50 kg.

Raw materials from shavings and sawdust are not packed.

5.2 . Transport marking of packs - according to GOST 14192-77.

5.1 , 5.2,

5.3 . (Deleted, Rev. No. 2).

5.4 . Wood raw materials are transported by all types of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport.

When transporting wood raw materials in open vehicles it must be covered with a tarpaulin or other material to protect raw materials from loss, clogging and sparks.

5.5 . Wood raw materials should be stored in closed warehouses. Storage in open warehouses is allowed, while the raw materials must be covered with a tarpaulin, film or other materials that ensure the protection of raw materials from contamination by foreign impurities, losses and exposure to atmospheric precipitation.

5.4 , 5.5. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

News & Events

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Certificate of conformity GOST R (Rosstandart quality certificate or safety certificate) is a document issued for products or services within the framework of ...

"Kraslesinvest" received a certificate of conformity GOST R for molded products.

Certificate of conformity GOST R (Rosstandart quality certificate or safety certificate) is a document issued for products or services within the system ...

the good of the people.

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Information

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The high quality of JSC "Kraslesinvest" products is confirmed by Rosstandart
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Directory of organizations and enterprises

Our organization is engaged in the sale of sawdust, taking into account the delivery of 92 cubic meters by woodchip trucks. Ready to supply sawdust always of uniform quality, in unlimited quantities. Our company also has wood harvesting sites. We are selling...

5000 kW - on milled and lumpy peat with power from 1,000 kW to 20,000 kW Hot water and steam. We convert DKVR, E, KE, DE, KVR, KVGM boilers to local fuels (pellets, wood chips, sawdust, bark, lump and milled peat, lignin, etc.) - hot water and ...

LLC "SBK" is engaged in deep processing of wood of any species. We provide services and goods: 1. Edged board, not edged board, beam, bar, slab, sawdust, dowels, cuttings, etc. 2. We make purchases of industrial round wood, sawlogs ...

quality fasteners. We manufacture fasteners GOST and specifications, and are also always ready to offer the manufacture of parts according to drawings, sketches or samples of the customer. Each application is calculated individually, based on the volume of ordered products, material from...

Flanges and annular flange blanks, as well as parts according to customer drawings. Flange blanks according to GOST 12821-80, GOST 12820-80, GOST 28759.3, 4 Gaskets according to OST 26.260.461-99, GOST R 53561-2009 Flange plugs ATK 24.200.02-90, GOST...

LLC "KrasTehnoMet" specializes in the production of forgings from steels of its own production: High-quality carbon steel, structural: GOST 1050-88; Carbon steel, tool: GOST 1435-74; Steel alloyed, structural...

Offers for the purchase and sale of products

Lumber directly from the manufacturer in Kemerovo at current prices. Beam, bar, chopping block, board, edged tess, not figurative, picket fence. Pine, spruce, fir, larch, cedar. Freshly sawn, strict...

PACKED SHAVINGS AND CHIPS IN BAGS OF 60 L. WHEN YOU BUY FROM 15 BAGS PRICE = 90 RUB.

Second-hand wooden sleepers suitable for further use in railway sidings, and construction work, length 2, 75 cm, width 25 cm, height 18 cm. Wholesale from 250 pcs. Delivery by reg...

Used wooden sleepers, Wooden sleeper 1-2 type GOST and TU new impregnated, Wooden beams for turnouts railways wide gauge: Beam set A1 GOST 8816-2003, Beam set...

Used wooden sleepers, Wooden sleepers 1-2 type GOST and TU new impregnated, Wooden beams for turnouts of broad gauge railways: Beam set A1 GOST 8816-2003, Beam set...

GOSTs, TUs, standards

with wood shavings in accordance with GOST 5244, paper or cardboard waste paper in accordance with GOST 10700 or sawdust; products in containers are stacked according to the schemes developed by the manufacturer.

Specifications. Designation - GOST 18320-78.

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Scales in accordance with GOST 24104-80 with a weighing error of not more than 0.01 g. Drying cabinet with natural air circulation, providing a constant temperature...

per century high technology and progressive materials, some long-used raw materials do not lose their leading positions, remaining as in demand as before. This group is represented by many categories of construction and household goods, including waste from woodworking enterprises.

sawdust packed in bags

What are sawdust?

The most accessible and inexpensive raw material with a wide range of applications. It is crushed shavings beige colour, particles of a fine fraction, formed in the form of residues from sawing wood. Moreover, they should not be confused with wood chips, which are obtained on purpose.

Physiochemical properties

This is a lightweight material with a bulk density of about 220-580 kg per cubic meter, depending on the level of humidity (standard - from 8% to 15% and above). It reaches a size of no more than 50 mm with a dry windage coefficient of 0.13-0.8 units.

Contains about 27% lignin (a substance that gives plants a state of lignification) and 70% cellulose, hemicellulose (actually carbohydrates). The ratio of chemical components is distributed as follows:

• nitrogen - 0.1%;
• hydrogen - 6%;
• oxygen - 44%;
• carbon - 50%.

The basic properties, differences and characteristics of chopped wood are described in GOST 23246-78, which regulates this species raw materials. The main terms and definitions of this material are also indicated there.

Characteristics of sawdust

Such material knows no analogues and is characterized as the most:

• environmentally friendly (does not cause allergies, does not produce harmful emissions, is completely natural);
• cheap (in fact, you only have to invest in shipping, since most sawmills give it away for nothing
• as waste)
• heat-saving (remarkably insulates the room from cold bridges, in which it is not inferior to mineral wool).

What are sawdust for?

They are recognized as inexpensive and affordable raw materials, therefore they are used in various national industries and specialized areas. Where are they most in demand? Priority activities include:

• fertilizer;
• warming;
• mulching;
• heating (fuel);
• smoking;
• construction.

They are also used for bedding in animal husbandry and pet keeping, are used in furniture production, and are used for the manufacture of various building materials (pressed, cement-water mixture). And they also serve to produce cardboard, paper, some types of plastics, linoleum and all kinds of facing plates.

sawdust as insulation

They have been performing this role for a long time, since they are distinguished by a high level of bulk density. To eliminate their main disadvantages (flammability, combustibility and the risk of rodents), raw materials are subjected to special treatment before use, for which:

1. Mixed with gypsum, cement, clay or lime;
2. Spray with a solution of copper sulfate.

An example of home insulation with sawdust

As a result, the material becomes fireproof, suitable for insulating both utility buildings and residential buildings.

sawdust for fertilizer

When mixed with straw or peat (and sometimes in their natural form) they become an excellent medium for mycelium. Such a substrate for growing champignons and oyster mushrooms contains all the necessary elements and perfectly retains moisture, protects mushroom cultures from temperature extremes.

Using sawdust as fertilizer

When introduced into the soil, wood waste greatly improves its quality characteristics, perfectly replacing unsafe substances.

Mulching

They are in high demand in rural and domestic crop production as a covering and mulching agent. Suitable for laying soil around bushes, trees, seedlings, because:

• positively influence the development of plantings;
• protect the surface of the earth from erosion;
• protect the trunks from the difference in daily temperature;
• prevent evaporation of moisture;
• inhibit the development of weeds.

Mulching example

sawdust as fuel

Heating is another function of this raw material. Being the wood residue of sawmill work, it is often used to produce special pellets (pellets) and briquettes that are used in fuel boilers. Fine particles are pressed under high pressure to make it easier to burn, store and transport them.

fuel briquette

sawdust in construction

Mixed with water, cement, gypsum or clay, they increase the strength properties, becoming an ideal building material. Here are a few varieties:

• sawdust concrete - high-quality fire-resistant bricks or blocks based on cement, sand and softwood waste;
• sawdust boards - insulation from sawdust, carboxymethylcellulose (glue) and antiseptic-fire retardant;
• wood block - a heat insulator based on copper sulphate, cement and fine wood pulp;
• paykerite - composite blocks from chopped / crushed waste wood and water; malleable, durable, slowly melting;
• wood concrete - lightweight concrete obtained by mixing organic filler and chemical additives with cement.

The use of sawdust blocks in construction

Furniture manufacture

They often go to the manufacture of various sets and single pieces of furniture. They are mainly pressed into chipboard and fiberboard, allowing you to get a variety of designs for household interior items. Thus, they perfectly replace solid wood, which requires much more complex processing processes.

sawdust for smoking

For this, the remains of certain tree species are recommended so that the products do not have unpleasant bitterness. Dry waste of alder, oak, beech and any fruit trees, cleaned of dust, is especially suitable for such a procedure. They can be used both separately and in a mixture in order to obtain a more refined taste.

Logistics

Due to its high airiness and lightness, this material is widely used in the field of transportation. Serves as a shock absorber, preventing fragile cargo from coming into contact with hard objects. Perfectly preserves objects during transportation over any distance.

1. DESIGNED BY AUTONOMOUS non-profit organization Certification Center for Forest Products "Lessertika"
2. INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TK 121 "Wood-based boards"
3. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated July 9, 2014 No. 767-st
4. This standard implements the provisions of clauses 2, 19, 23, 25, 28 federal law"On technical regulation"
5. INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

The rules for the application of this standard are established in GOST R 1.0-2012 (section 8). Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index "National Standards", and the official text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the next issue of the information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in information system general use - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (gost.ru )

GOST R 56070-2014

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

WOOD WASTE Specifications

woodwaste. technical conditions

Introduction date - 2015-01-01

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to wood waste, which is a waste of logging, sawmilling, woodworking.

2 Normative references

GOST 427-75 Measuring metal rulers. Specifications GOST 5244-79 Wood shavings. Specifications GOST 7502-98 Measuring metal tapes. Specifications GOST 16369-96 Timber transport packages. Dimensions

GOST 18320-78 Technological sawdust for hydrolysis. Specifications GOST 23827-79 Small wood raw materials. Specifications

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year this version changes. If the reference standard to which the dated reference is given is replaced, then it is recommended to use the version of this standard with the year of approval (acceptance) indicated above. If, after the approval of this standard, a change is made to the referenced standard to which a dated reference is given, affecting the provision to which the reference is given, then this provision is recommended to be applied without regard to this change. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the reference to it is given is recommended to be applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms and definitions

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:

3.1 croaker: The side part of a log, having one sawn and the other not sawn or partially sawn surface, with a standardized thickness and width of the thin end.

[GOST 18288-87 article 32]

3.2sawdust: Small particles of wood produced during the sawing process. [GOST 23246-78 article 9]

3.3 wood dust: Unsorted wood particles smaller than 1mm. [GOST 23246-78 article 12]

3.4 wood chips: Fine wood particles formed when wood is cut. [GOST 23246-78 Article 8]

3.5 pencil: The part of the plywood block remaining after peeling, having the shape of a cylinder in cylindrical peeling or an irregular ellipse in eccentric peeling. [GOST 15812-87 article 32]

3.6 visor: A section of wood protruding above the end surface resulting from incomplete cross-cutting of timber. [GOST 2140-81 article 159]

3.7 full wood ratio: The ratio of the volume of wood to the volume of shredded wood obtained from it.

3.8 wood waste: Remains of timber, wood raw materials and materials formed during the production of the main products of logging, sawmilling, woodworking, thinning forest care, not in quality and (or) having a length and (or) width less than the minimum standard.

3.9 logging waste: Woody residues resulting from felling trees, delimbing, cross-cutting, splitting logs and debarking assortments.

Note: Tree residues include tops, twigs, branches, lumps, random cuts and fragments of whips, bark, needles, leaves, sawdust. [GOST 17462-84 article 8]

3.10 pruning: Parts of timber and wood-based materials resulting from their cutting to size, quality characteristics and (or) having sizes less than the minimum standard.

3.11 cut off: The remaining part of the timber or vanches after planing. [GOST 15812-87 article 33]

3.12 debarking waste: Particles of bark, bast, wood, peripheral part of the trunk various shapes and sizes resulting from the debarking of timber.

3.13 stump wood: The root part and roots of a tree intended for industrial processing or as a fuel. [GOST 17462-84 article 16]

3.14 reiki: Parts of lumber and blanks resulting from their cutting and cutting to width, which do not meet wane product standards and (or) have a section less than the minimum standard.

3.15 veneer-flaw: Veneer of unspecified size and shape, obtained at the beginning of peeling when rounding a plywood block or at the beginning of planing a beam or vanches. [GOST 15812-87 article 31]

4 Dimensions and specifications

4.1 Wood waste is classified according to three main features: type of wood waste, industry affiliation and scope. The classification of wood waste is given in Appendix A.

4.2 Wood waste by type, size and technical requirements must comply with those specified in table 1.

5 Acceptance rules

5.1 Wood waste is accepted in batches. A batch is considered to be any amount of waste of the same type, drawn up in one document containing:

• name of the supplier company;
• type of waste indicating the size and type of wood (coniferous, hardwood);
• amount of waste, m3;
• date of dispatch;
• designation of this standard.

Table-1- Dimensions and technical requirements wood waste

Type of wood waste	Dimensions, mm		Technical requirements
Twigs, branches	Not standardized		Not standardized
Clippings when cutting	Also 300 or more		Compliant with product standards Does not meet product standards Non-conforming product standards for every 0.3
	Not standardized		Not standardized
	the same 1000 or more	not standardized the same -"-	Compliant with product standards Does not meet product standards Not conforming to product standards on each meter length
	Not standardized		Not standardized
	Less than 500 Less than 500 500 or more	Not standardized Also -«-	Compliant with product standards Does not meet product standards Non-conforming product standards for every 0.5
Pencil	Not standardized		Not standardized
Veneer flaw	The same is not standardized	Less than 150 150 or more
plywood boards	Not standardized Also	Less than 100 100 or more Less than 100 100 or more	Compliant with product standards Non-compliant with product standards Compliant with product standards Non-compliant with product standards
Plastic wood layered	Not standardized	Less than 100 100 or more	Compliant with product standards Non-compliant with product standards
Sliced ​​veneer	Not standardized Also	Less than 60 Too	Compliant with product standards Non-compliant with product standards
Rotary cut veneer		Less than 150 Same	Compliant with product standards Non-compliant with product standards
Chipboard uncoated boards	- "Not standardized	260 or less Same	Compliant with product standards Non-compliant with product standards
Chipboard lined boards			Compliant with product standards Non-compliant with product standards
Fibreboard of dry and wet processes			Compliant with product standards Non-compliant with product standards
Fibreboard lined or painted boards	Not standardized Also	260 or less Same	Compliant with product standards Non-compliant with product standards
Blockboards		200 or less Same	Compliant with product standards Non-compliant with product standards
Bent-glued blanks	Not standardized		Not standardized
Plastic decorative paper laminate	550 or less More than 550	330 or less 220 or less	Not standardized Not standardized
Fiberboard	Less than 1000 Same	Not standardized Also	Compliant with product standards Non-compliant with product standards
			Compliant with product standards
Match raw materials	600 and more	Not standardized	Non-conforming product standards for every 0.6 m of length
plywood raw material	300 or less More than 300		Compliant with product standards Non-conforming product standards for each 0.3 m length
Stumpwood	Not standardized		Not standardized
Wood sawdust (except GOST 18320)	Not standardized		Not standardized
Wood chips (except GOST 5244)	Not standardized		Not standardized
wood dust	Not standardized		Not standardized
Debarking waste	Not standardized		Not standardized
thickness 20 mm or less	Not standardized		Compliant with product standards
Over 20 mm	Not standardized		Not conforming to product standards per meter of length
Notes 1 Moisture content of wood waste is not standardized. 2 When rationing wood waste, the technical requirements for products specified in the current interstate and national standards should be taken into account.

5.2 Accounting for wood waste is carried out in dense cubic meters, taking into account the coefficient of total wood content given in Appendix B. The resulting volume values ​​are rounded up to 0.1 m3.

It is allowed to take into account scraps of hardwood materials in square meters, rounded up to 0.1 m2.

Accounting for wood waste is allowed to be carried out by the weight method with subsequent conversion into dense cubic meters according to the actual density of the material.

5.3 To control the quality of wood waste used in the production of products, a sample is taken from the batch.

The sample volume of lumpy waste should be at least 5% of the volume of the presented batch, but not less than 0.1 m3.

The volume of the sample of crushed waste should be at least 2 kg. The sample is made up of 10 parts weighing at least 1 kg each, taken from different places, evenly spaced throughout the lot, and reduced by quartering.

5.4 When quality control of lumpy waste is determined:

• type of waste;
• dimensions;
• wood species (coniferous, deciduous), except for waste used for fuel.

When controlling the quality of shredded waste used in the production of products, the following is determined:

• breed composition;
• fraction composition.

The control results are distributed to the entire batch.

6 Control methods

6.1 The linear dimensions of lumpy waste are determined with a metal tape measure in accordance with GOST 7502, a measuring ruler in accordance with GOST 427 and a caliper in accordance with GOST 166.

7 Marking, packaging, transport and storage

7.1 Wood waste is not subject to labeling.

7.2 Wood waste is transported by all means of transport with mandatory protection against pollution and losses in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods operating on this type of transport.

7.3 Transportation of lumpy waste is carried out in bulk and in bags. Waste of one name is placed in a bag. Package sizes must comply with GOST 16369.

Wood dust is transported by pneumatic transport.

7.4 Packing, transportation and storage of twigs and branches is carried out in accordance with GOST 23827 (in terms of their use as poles).

7.5 Lumpy waste is stored in heaps, bulk waste - in bins or in heaps.

Annex A (informative)

Classification of wood waste

Table A.1

Type of wood waste	Sub-sectors of industry			Application area
	Logging	sawmilling	Woodworking
Twigs, branches				Technological chips for chipboard, pulp and paper, GP, LH; wood concrete, fuel, CX, consumer goods
Cut-offs, trimmings when bucking, visor				Technological wood chips for chipboard, fiberboard, pulp and paper, GP, LH, fuel, consumer goods
Slab, slats				Technological wood chips for chipboard, fiberboard, pulp and paper, GP, LH, fuel, containers, consumer goods
Trimming lumber and blanks
Pencil				Technological chips for chipboard, fiberboard, pulp and paper, GP, LH, consumer goods
				consumer goods, fuel; technological chips for chipboard, fiberboard
Veneer flaw				Technological wood chips for chipboard, fiberboard, pulp and paper industry, GP; consumer goods, fuel
Scraps: - plywood; plywood boards; Plastic wood layered; Sliced ​​veneer; Rotary cut veneer;				consumer goods, fuel
				consumer goods, fuel, chipboard
				Technological chips for chipboard, fiberboard, pulp and paper; fuel, consumer goods
Chipboard uncoated boards; Chipboard lined boards; fibreboard; Wood fiber coated boards; Blockboards				consumer goods, chipboard, fuel
				consumer goods, fuel
				consumer goods, fiberboard, fuel
				consumer goods, fuel

Annex B (informative)

Full wood coefficients

Table B.1

Name of waste	The average value of the full-wood ratio	Laying method
Peel-offs and trimmings during cross-cutting
Twigs, branches
Slab with a length of 2000 mm or less
The same longer than 2000 mm
Trimming lumber and blanks with a length of 500 mm or less
Plywood and board scraps
Offcuts of peeled, sliced ​​veneer and chipped veneer
Pencil
otstrugi
wood shavings
sawdust
Debarking waste
wood dust

Requirements for the quality of sawdust used as a raw material in the production of fuel pellets

Technological sawdust must comply with GOST 18320-78.

Technological sawdust should not contain

more than - 8% bark

0.5% mineral impurities

from their volume.

More than 10% of small wood particles passing through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 1 mm and more than 5% of large particles remaining on a sieve with holes with a diameter of 30 mm are not allowed.

Metal inclusions in technological sawdust are not allowed.

Fractional composition of sawdust

The sawdust obtained on sawmill frames has a shape close to cubic. The main composition is 2-5 mm.

Machine sawdust has a fraction of 1-2 mm. Sawdust formed during the processing of wood on circular saws (circular saws) has a fibrous structure.

Bulk weight and moisture content of sawdust

sawdust condition	Humidity rel. %	Bulk weight kg / m 3
Large fraction
wet natural
wet packed
Dry natural bulk
Dry compacted
Small fraction
wet natural
Dry natural bulk
Dry compacted
Chips and crushed wood
Small shavings
Dry natural bulk
Dry compacted
wood dust
conifers

Average density (specific gravity) of one dense cubic meter of wood at various absolute humidity (kg)

Absolute humidity, %

Filling factor of the overall volume

Waste types	Filling factors of the overall volume
Slabs, slats, cuts
Round waste (pencils)
Chips before transport
Chips after transportation
sawdust before transportation
sawdust after transportation

Accounting for technological sawdust is made in dense m 3 with an accuracy of 0.1 m 3. To do this, chips and sawdust from the bulk mass are converted into dense, by multiplying by the filling factor of the overall volume.

Sawdust transportation and storage

Each batch of sawdust must be accompanied by a quality document stating:

Name of the supplier company, its location.

Vehicle number.

The amount of sawdust in dense m 3.

Appointment of sawdust.

Shelf life of sawdust before shipment to the consumer (with long-term open storage).

Departure date.

The shelf life of sawdust should not exceed 7 months.

Open storage of sawdust stored in heaps

Distance from the surface of the pile to the measuring point (m)	Sawdust temperature (C 0)
	4-6 months

The highest temperature in heaps is observed for 4-6 months of storage.

The chemical composition of wood

The main organic substances that form the cell membrane of wood:

Cellulose.

• Hemicelluloses (pentosans, hexosans).

Radiological control

Radiometric measurements of samples for cesium 137 (Cs 137) stored at the enterprise technological sawdust should be carried out once every three months in the center of standardization and metrology with the issuance of a “Test Protocol” (Norm for Cs 137 = 1850 bq / kg).