Presentation in Russian on the topic: Conversational style of speech. conversational style. Presentation on the topic "conversational style of speech, its style features" Conversational style presentation

Level I 1. Write out from letter 1 colloquial and colloquial words formed in a suffixal way. What shade of meaning do the suffixes bring to these words? 2. Write down 1 word from the letter with reduced stylistic coloring. 3. Write out a colloquial phraseological unit from letter 2. 4. Select verbs from letter 3 that are in the form of an imperative mood. How can you explain the frequency of their use in the text of the letter? 5. Mark the used interjections in the letters of A.S. Pushkin. What moods and feelings do they express? 6. Select 3 appeals from the text of the letter. How do they characterize the author of the letter, in what relationship is he with the addressee? LEVEL II 7. Find in letter 2 an interesting-sounding Russian surname. What does this pronunciation of the surname indicate? 8. Write out an incomplete sentence from letter 1. Give (orally) its full version. Why, in your opinion, did Pushkin choose the incomplete version of the sentence for the letter? 9. Choose a synonymous two-part sentence for Pushkin's ... I'm sad without him. Compare options. Why did Pushkin use an impersonal sentence?

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Speech styles: conversational style

Features of the conversational style Formed in the urban environment, has fundamental differences from the literary language, being part of it. This is an unprepared speech in conditions of free communication. Style can be presented verbally and writing(cues in plays, dialogues in works of art, etc.). The presence of colloquial vocabulary. Frequent use of incomplete sentences.

Conversational style Special signs: Lack of preparedness. The immediacy and ease of verbal communication. Expressive coloring. The law of "simplification of language means", i.e. the law of language economy. Main functions In oral form - a means of communication. In fiction - the embodiment of the author's intention.

The main functions of conversational style in works of art Creation of a verbal portrait. Reconstruction of the life of a particular social environment. Creation of a comic effect (when confronted with elements of book speech). Styling tool.

1. Creation of a verbal portrait Damn it, I'm so hungry and there is such a rattling in my stomach, as if a whole regiment blew their trumpets. We won’t get there, and only home! What will you order to do? The second month went as already from St. Petersburg! Profited expensive money, my dear, now he sits and turned his tail up and does not get excited! Oh, my God, at least some cabbage soup! It seems that now the whole world would eat. (Osip's monologue from N.V. Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector"

2. Recreation of the life of this or that social environment Whose will you be? Koshevoy. Akimkin's son? Whatever your name is and whatever it is, it's none of your business. Why, I say, didn’t you leave for the Don? I didn't want to, so I didn't leave. What are you? Did you become an Anchichrist servant? Did you put a red star on your hat? It's you, son of a bitch, bastard, so you're against our Cossacks? Against their own farms? (conversation between Koshevoy and grandfather Grishak from the work of M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"

3. Creating a comic effect Your honor, mister magistrate! Therefore, according to all the articles of the law, there is a reason to certify every circumstance in reciprocity. It's not my fault, everyone else is. The whole thing came about because, God rest him, of a dead corpse. I’m walking on the third day with my wife Anfisa quietly, nobly, I look - there is a bunch of different people people ... (A.P. Chekhov "Unter Prishibeev")

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

The lesson introduces students to colloquial and bookish (in particular scientific) styles of speech; reveals signs of colloquial and book speech; showing the features of the language means of the colloquial style of speech. bring up...

Signs of colloquial speech oral form (as the main form of implementation); oral form (as the main form of implementation); informal relations of speakers; informal relations of speakers; reliance on an extralinguistic situation. reliance on an extralinguistic situation.

Linguistic features of the RR Vocabulary Significant neutral words; significant neutral words; insignificant words; insignificant words; colloquial and vernacular words; colloquial and vernacular words; situational vocabulary. situational vocabulary.

Linguistic features of RR Word formation suffixes of pronounced expressiveness, emotionality, stylistic reduction; suffixes of pronounced expressiveness, emotionality, stylistic reduction; word-building colloquial models of "semantic contraction" (abbreviations). word-building colloquial models of "semantic contraction" (abbreviations).

Linguistic features of RR Phraseology speech stable turns from colloquial and everyday speech; speech stable turns from colloquial and everyday speech; turns-slang; turns-slang; turns borrowed from scientific terminology. turns borrowed from scientific terminology.

Linguistic features of RR Morphology absence of participles and gerunds, short adjectives (in their syntactic opposition to full ones), decrease in the share of nouns, increase in the share of particles; the absence of participles and gerunds, short adjectives (in their syntactic opposition to complete ones), a decrease in the proportion of nouns, an increase in the proportion of particles; predominance of the nominative case; predominance of the nominative case; the presence of a special vocative form; the presence of a special vocative form; words naming a substance can be used in the sense of "portion of this substance"; words naming a substance can be used in the sense of "portion of this substance"; truncated versions of service words, conjunctions and particles, nouns; truncated versions of service words, conjunctions and particles, nouns; special role of pronouns. special role of pronouns.

Linguistic features of RR Syntax predominance of simple sentences; the predominance of simple sentences; widespread use of interrogative and exclamatory sentences; widespread use of interrogative and exclamatory sentences; the use of sentence words; the use of sentence words; active use of incomplete sentences; active use of incomplete sentences; pauses caused by various reasons, repeated questions, repetitions. pauses caused by various reasons, repeated questions, repetitions.

We don't speak the way we write. Our speech
spontaneous and situational.
Conversational style performs, first of all,
communication function. Its purpose is
direct transmission of information
predominantly orally. Exception
write private letters,
notes, diaries.
This style is characterized
ease,
expressiveness,
informality.

The situation has a great influence on the conversational style -
real, objective situation of speech. This allows the utmost
shorten sentences. They may lack individual
components, which, however, does not interfere with the correct perception
colloquial phrases.
For example, in a bakery, the phrase “To me,
please, one with bran and half black.”
At the station, the request will sound appropriate and understandable: “Two to
Odintsov: children and adults.
In everyday communication, a specific, associative
way of thinking and direct, expressive character
expressions. This is where the disorder comes from.
fragmentation of speech forms and emotionality of this style.

Like any style, conversational has its own special sphere.
applications, specific topics.
Most often
the subject of conversation are the weather, health,
news, any interesting events, purchases, prices.
When discussing scientific achievements, news
cultural life, the vocabulary of conversations is enriched
book words, terms.
A necessary condition for a casual conversation
is the lack of formality, trust,
open relationship between
participants in the dialogue or
polylogue.

Set to natural, unprepared communication
defines the use of certain language
funds.
1. In a colloquial style, for which the oral form
is primordial, the most important role is played by sound
side of speech and, above all, intonation. Exactly
it (together with the peculiar syntax)
creates
impression
colloquiality.
Casual speech is distinguished by sharp rises and
lowering the tone, lengthening, "stretching" vowels,
chanting syllables, pauses, changes in the tempo of speech.
By different sounds, you can easily distinguish the complete
(academic, strict) pronunciation style inherent in
lecturer,
speaker
professional
announcer,
broadcasting on the radio from an incomplete, inherent
colloquial speech.

2. In conversational style, less distinct
pronunciation of sounds, their reduction or reduction.
So, instead of "Alexander Alexandrovich" we will say "San
Sanych", instead of "Maria Sergeevna" "Mary Sergeevna".
Less tension of the organs of speech leads to
changes in the quality of sounds and even sometimes to their complete
disappearance: “Hello”, not “Hello”, “Grit”, but
not "Speaks", "lost", not "now".

It should be noted that in radio and television journalism special rules pronunciation and intonation.
FROM
one
hand,
in
improvised,
unprepared
texts
(conversation,
interview)
naturally
and
naturally
following
pronunciation norms of conversational style, however
not colloquial, but neutral options.
At the same time, the high culture of speech of the speaker
requires accuracy in pronunciation of words, staging
stress, expressiveness of intonation pattern
speech.

VOCABULARY VOCABULARY
is divided into two large groups:
1) Common words (day, year, work,
sleep, early, late, bad/good, young/old,
I you he...);
2) Colloquial words (potato, reader, real,
perch, etc.).
The use of jargon is also not excluded,
vernacular that reduces style.
All this vocabulary is predominantly everyday content,
concrete.
A very narrow range of book words, abstract vocabulary,
terms and borrowings. (Such as, for example,
"alternative", "renaissance", "confidential",
"maxim", "fatal", etc.).

COMMON (NEUTRAL) AND CONVERSATIONAL
VOCABULARY. DIFFERENCES. EXAMPLES:
Neutral \\ common \\ interstyle vocabulary -
these are words that do not have stylistic marks in the dictionary
(bookish, official, high, colloquial, vernacular). That is, these are the words
which are used without restrictions in any style of speech: in
informal conversation and in the speech of speakers, in textbooks and in scientific
articles..
Colloquial vocabulary includes words that give tone to speech
informality, informality, (but not rudeness!) Such as,
for example, a big man, a wit, gibberish, nonsense, careless,
brand new, sloppy, at random, in a familiar way, brag,
swindle, yeah, sort of, (sort of), clap, bam and others
onomatopoeia ("Bam, bam, and past!" "Wedding in Malinovka").

AT literary texts the use of colloquial and colloquial words serves
one of the means of speech characterization of characters:
“Yes ... So, it seems that my scythe will mow, and I myself will sleep at this time. And you
How do you know that I won't go myself? Why do you think I got up so early?
Maybe I got up to go to the mowing ”(Soloukhin);
“Looks like Vikhrov returned from a trip?
live?" (Leonov);
“Brother,” said Sugonyai suddenly, “is there no eatery along the way?
I want to eat ”(L. Likhodeev)
***
“Well, did you collect your belongings? - the Excellent student heard the commandant's rough voice. - All,
it's time and honor to know, let's get out"
“To drag you by force, Simakov? Gaponov asked;
“- Throw the book, let's go to the disc player! .. (youth slang) - laughing, shouted
she is...";
"It's going through the roof!! Now how do I give a speaker on the bulldozer !! - Bumagin yelled ... "
(“Dormitory-on-the-blood”, A. Ivanov)
Dormitory - colloquial-reduced. (colloquial)

LAST CONVERSATION: A typical conversational style situation.

Indicative in conversational style activity
expressive-emotional vocabulary (familiar,
affectionate, disapproving, ironic).
Evaluative vocabulary here is usually reduced
coloring.
Characterized by the use of occasional words,
phrases, neologisms: PR man, opener,
underground, fish = sample article; subdue (by analogy
with adopt), mi-mi-bear, useful, jealousy
overshoots, etc.

* Fusion (English fusion - literal alloy, fusion) - a modern style direction,
emerged in the 1970s. based on jazz-rock, synthesis of elements of European
academic music and non-European folklore.

In colloquial style, the law of "saving
speech means", so there are often
abbreviations of words (for example, teacher - teacher,
prep; disco - disco, disco ..., movement - movement and
etc.).
Instead of names consisting of two or more words, more often
one thing is used: evening newspaper - evening,
condensed milk - condensed milk, utility room -
utility room, five-story house - five-story building.
In some cases, sustainable
word combinations: say, academic council - council,
sick leave, sick leave maternity leave decree, student card - student, studak and
etc.

A special place in colloquial vocabulary is occupied by
words with a general or indefinite meaning,
which are specified in a particular
situations: thing, thing, business, history ... (“Yes, it was
business!.. We lived by the sea...”; “That's the story! .. I
completely confused, and I don’t understand anything!”).
Close to them are “empty” words, “lexical
zeros, which acquire a definite value only in
context
(bagpipes,
bandura,
jalopy).
For example, “Where are you going to put this bandura?” (in
repair time, about the closet), “Again - rest! ..
We know this music! (i.e. we know what will happen
Many words have been said, but little will be done
no one to rely on).

The conversational style is rich in phraseology. Most Russian phraseological units
have a colloquial character: unexpectedly, like water off a duck's back,
at hand, bloody nose, splurge, the first pancake is lumpy, without a knife
slaughter...
Compare: to die - to play in the box, to mislead - to hang
noodles on the ears \\ rub glasses, invent - take from the ceiling.
Colloquial and colloquial phraseological units give speech vivid imagery.
From bookish and neutral phraseological units (for example, "sink into oblivion", "darkness
pitch", "at the time of it" ...) they differ not in meaning, but in a special
expressiveness and reduced stylistic sound (pull rubber,
pull the gimp; butcher, back up ...).
Phraseological units typically have
any assessment of events
(personality).
For example, "blue stocking", "blue
blood", "in a big way",
"not at ease", "he has seen the views",
"like a sack nailed" ...

WORD FORMATION of colloquial speech is characterized by features,
due to its expressiveness and appraisal.
Common are the suffixes of subjective assessment with
meanings of petting - disapproval, diminutive magnification, etc. (mommy, sweetie, sun, baby;
krivlyaka, vulgarity, house, cold ...), as well as suffixes with
functional
coloration
colloquialism,
for example,
at
nouns: suffixes - k (locker room, overnight stay, candle,
stove), - ik (knife, rain), - un (talker), - yag (a) (hard worker), yatin (a) (yummy), - w (a) (doctor, conductor,
secretary, etc.).
Non-suffix formations are actively used (snoring,
wheeze, dance) and word composition (couch potato, windbag, windbag).
In order to enhance expression, doubling is often used.
words: huge - (pre) huge, big-eyed-eyed, smart, smart, etc.

In the field of MORPHOLOGY, the conversational style is distinguished by a special
frequency of verbs, they are used here even more often than
nouns.
Indicative and especially frequent use of personal and
demonstrative pronouns, "because of the constant need
designate the participants in the conversation ”(G.Ya. Solganik).
“Any dialogue (and this is the main form of colloquial speech)
presupposes I - the speaker, you - the listener, who
alternately takes on the role of the speaker, and he - the one who
does not directly participate in the conversation. In the formula I - you - he
any content can be included” (G.Ya. Solganik).
pointing
pronouns are needed for colloquial style
due to their inherent breadth, generalization of meaning. Them
concretizes the gesture, which creates the conditions for a very concise
transmission of this or that information (for example, “This is not here, but
there", "You there!").

From adjectives in colloquial speech are used
possessive (mother's job, grandfather's gun...). Short forms
adjectives are rarely used. There are almost no participles and
gerunds.
Particles and interjections are often used: What can we say! That's the thing!
God forbid about this and remember something! On you, surprise!
In colloquial style, variant forms are preferred
nouns (in the workshop, on vacation, at home; a glass of tea, honey; workshop, locksmith),
numerals (fifty, five hundred \\ instead of fifty,
five hundred), verbs (I will read, but not read, raise, but not raise, do not
see, not hear). Truncated forms are often found in live conversation
verbs that have the meaning of instantaneous and unexpected action: grab,
jump, jump, knock, etc. For example: And this one grabs his sleeve; And the grasshopper jumped
- and into the grass. Colloquial forms of degrees of comparison are used
adjectives (better, shorter...), adverbs (quickly, comfortably,
most likely) and variants of pronoun endings (the hostess herself, in their
house). Even colloquial forms are found here in playful contexts.
(her boyfriend, evon comrades). Zero entrenched in colloquial speech
endings in the genitive plural of such
nouns like kilogram, gram, orange, tomato, etc. (one hundred grams
oil, a few tomatoes, five kilograms of an orange).

Under the influence of the law of economy of speech means, conversational style allows
the use of real nouns in combination with numerals
(two milk, two fermented baked milk - in the meaning of "two servings").
Peculiar forms of address are common here - truncated nouns:
mom! dad! Kat! Van!
Colloquial speech is no less original in the distribution of case forms:
nominative prevails here, which in oral replicas replaces bookish
managed forms.
For example: He built a cottage - the station is nearby;
I bought a fur coat - gray astrakhan fur;
Kasha - look! (conversation in the kitchen);
House of shoes - where to go? (in the bus);
Turn left, crossing and sporting goods store.
Especially consistent nominative case
replaces all the others when using numerals in speech:
The amount does not exceed three hundred rubles (instead of: three hundred);
with one thousand five hundred and three rubles (with one thousand five hundred and three) ...

Syntax
The syntax of colloquial speech is very peculiar, which is due to its oral
shape and expressiveness. Simple sentences dominate here, more often
incomplete, of the most diverse structure (definitely personal,
indefinitely personal, impersonal and others), moreover, extremely concise,
short. The situation itself fills in gaps in speech, making it understandable.
listeners: Please show in a line (when buying notebooks); Taganka
I do not want (when choosing theater tickets); To you from the heart? (in a pharmacy), etc.
AT oral speech we often do not name an object, but describe it: The hat is not
passed? They like to watch adventure (meaning films).
As a result of the unpreparedness of speech, connectives appear in it.
designs: Gotta go. In Saint-Petersburg. To the conference. Such
the fragmentation of the phrase is explained by the fact that the thought develops associatively,
the speaker seems to remember the details and completes the statement.
Complex sentences are not typical for colloquial speech, more often than others
unionless are used: I will leave - it will be easier for you; You talk, I listen.
Some non-union conversational constructions are not comparable to either
what book phrases. For example: Is there a rich choice or are you not
were?; And for the next time, please, both this lesson and the last one!

The word order in live speech is also unusual: as a rule, the word order is put in the first place.
the most important word in the message: Buy me a computer; He paid with the currency;
The worst thing of all is that nothing can be done; Are you leaving Palace Square?; These are the qualities I appreciate in him.
At the same time, parts of a complex sentence are sometimes intertwined (the main and
subordinate clause):
I don't know where to get water anyway;
And hunger knew, and what cold is;
Are you asking about her and what did I do?
For typical colloquial complex
proposals are characterized by weakening
functions of the subordinate clause, merging it with
main, structural reduction:
You could talk about whatever you wanted;
You will work with whom they will order;
Call whoever you want; I live as I please.
In a number of conversational types of sentences
questions and answers can be combined
construction and reflected structural features
dialogic speech, for example: Whom I respect on the course is Ivanova; Who
I need, so it's you.

The following features of colloquial syntax should be noted:
The use of a pronoun that duplicates the subject: Faith, she
comes late; The policeman, he noticed it.
Putting at the beginning of the sentence an important word from
accessory part:
I love bread, always fresh.
· Use of sentence words: Okay; It's clear; Can; Yes; Not;
From what? Of course! Still would! Well, yes! Well no! Maybe.
The use of plug-in structures that introduce additional,
additional information to clarify the main message: I thought
(I was still naive then), he jokes; And we, and you know yourself,
a guest is always welcome; Kohl - he in general kind person- wanted
help...
· Activity of introductory words: maybe, it seems, fortunately, like
say, so to speak, let's say so, you know.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the conversational style is more
degree than all other styles, has a vivid originality
linguistic features that go beyond the normalized
literary language. It can be persuasive
proof that the stylistic norm is fundamentally
different from literature.
Each of the functional styles has developed its own
own rules to be respected. This does not mean,
that colloquial speech always conflicts with
literary language rules. Deviations from the norm
may fluctuate depending on the intra-style stratification
conversational style. It has varieties of reduced, rough
speeches, vernacular, which has absorbed the influence of local dialects, etc.
The colloquial speech of intelligent, educated people is quite
literary, but at the same time it differs sharply from the book,
bound by the strict norms of other functional styles.

slide 1

slide 2

Conversational style Conversational style is one of the varieties of the literary language, which serves the sphere of easy communication of people at home, in the family, as well as the sphere of informal relations at work, in institutions, etc.

slide 3

Main features Ease of communication Immediacy and unpreparedness of communication. Spoken language cannot be premeditated. It has a predominantly dialogic character, although a monologue is also possible.

slide 4

Word formation Words are often used with subjective assessment suffixes with the meaning of endearment, diminutiveness, neglect, (dis)approval, irony, etc.: daughter, daughter, daughter, hands, furious, tremendous.

slide 5

Word formation Nouns with suffixes that give speech a colloquial or colloquial tone. -ak (-yak): weakling, good-natured; -sh-a: cashier, secretary; -an(-yan): old man, troublemaker; -un: braggart, talker; -ysh: strong man, baby; otn-I: running around, pushing.

slide 6

Word-formation Adjectives with suffixes usch (-yushch): big, thin; with the prefix pre-: kind, unpleasant.

Slide 7

Word-formation Verbs of preffixal-suffixal formation: walk, walk, sentence, whisper. Verbs on -nichat: fashion, grimace, wander, carpentry. Verbs in (-a)-nut: push, scold, scare, grumble, gasp. Verbs with several prefixes: re-from-take, to-hold, to think differently.

Slide 8

Word formation Doubling words: big-big, white-white, fast-fast, small-very small, high-high. Abbreviation of names: record book - record book, nautical school - sailor, surgical department - surgery.

Slide 9

Vocabulary Emotionally expressive vocabulary and phraseology are widely represented: workaholic, parasite, old man, silly; fool, swirling; cast a shadow on the wattle fence, take by the throat, climb into the bottle, starve.

slide 10

Vocabulary Stylistically neutral words are used in figurative meanings characteristic of the colloquial style: cut off - “answer sharply, wanting to stop the conversation”: Said - cut off and did not repeat again); fly - "break, deteriorate": The engine flew.

slide 11

Vocabulary Metonymy is widely used: Today there will be a meeting of the teachers' council - Today the teachers' council; Dictionary of the Russian language, compiled by S.I. Ozhegov - Ozhegov.

slide 12

Vocabulary Vocabulary of household content is widely used: greedy, slow down, instantly, tiny, unaware, rightfully so, on the sly, electric train, potato, cup, salt shaker, whisk, brush, plate, etc.

slide 13

Vocabulary Practical terms are not used, foreign words that have not yet become commonly used. The author's neologisms (occasionalisms) are used: On the street there is a blur and wetness. Contextual synonyms: He is a kind of dark, muddy man.

slide 14

Vocabulary Standard expressions, familiar formulas of speech etiquette: How are you? Good morning! Be kind! I beg your pardon.

slide 15

Morphology Forms of nouns ending in -a in the nominative case pl. numbers: bunker, cruiser, searchlight, instructor. Forms in -y in the genitive and prepositional cases: a kilogram of sugar, a glass of tea, a bunch of grapes, in the workshop, on vacation. Zero ending in the genitive plural. numbers: five grams, ten kilograms, a kilogram of tomato.

slide 16

Morphology Widespread use of pronouns For example, the pronoun such can denote a positive quality or serve as an enhancer: She is such a woman! - beautiful, gorgeous, smart; Such beauty all around! The pronoun in combination with the infinitive can replace the name of the subject: Give what to write; Bring something to read; Do you have something to write about?; Take something to eat.

slide 17

Morphology The use of verbs of multiple and single action: read, sat, walked, spun, lashed, banged. Verbs with the meaning of instantaneous action: knock, break, jump, lope, fuck, shast. Participles and participles are practically not used.

slide 18

Syntax Incompleteness of sentences as a means of speech economy: Are you home? Are you on the tram? Are you coffee or tea? Boiled, don't worry!