Download the presentation on the topic of Karelia. Presentation “Natural storehouses of Karelia. Flora of Karelia

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Geographical location

The republic is located in the north-west of the European part of Russia, between the White Sea, Lakes Ladoga and Onega.

The length of the territory from north to south is 650 kilometers, from west to east - 250 kilometers.

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Geology

There are 175 deposits of 24 types of minerals in Karelia. Mica, feldspar, quartz, facing stone, as well as a variety of building materials- granites, diabases, marbles.

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Forests

Most of the territory of Karelia (85%) is occupied by the state forest reserve. The total stock of growing forest resources of all types and ages is 807 million m³. Mature and overmature forest reserves total up to 4118 million m³, of which 3752 million m³ are coniferous forests.

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Hydrology

A quarter of the republic’s territory is water surface

There are about 27,000 rivers in Karelia

There are also about 60,000 lakes in the republic. Ladoga and Onega are the largest lakes in Europe.

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Lake Ladoga

Belongs to the Baltic Sea basin of the Atlantic Ocean.

The area of ​​the lake without islands ranges from 17.6 thousand km² (with islands 18.1 thousand km²

35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, but only one originates - the Neva. In the southern half of the lake there are three large bays: Svirskaya, Volkhovskaya and Shlisselburgskaya bays.

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Lake Onega

• The second largest lake in Europe after Ladoga.
• The area of ​​the lake without islands is 9690 km², and with islands - 9720 km².
• About 50 rivers flow into Lake Onega, but only one flows out - the Svir.

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Kivach waterfall

Waterfall on the Suna River in Karelia.

The height of the waterfall is about 11 meters (and the water falls from several ledges). Kivach Waterfall is the second largest flat waterfall in Europe. The picturesque landscape attracts tourists.

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Climate

The climate is transitional from maritime to continental and is characterized by long but relatively mild winters and short, cool summers.

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Religion

Currently, there are 194 religious organizations representing 18 faiths and movements in the Republic of Karelia. Believers are mostly Christians.

The Republic of Karelia is the legal successor of the Karelian Labor Commune. The western border of Karelia coincides with the state border Russian Federation and Finland, has a length of 798.3 km, at the same time being the border with the European Union. In the east, Karelia borders on the Arkhangelsk region, in the south on Vologda and Leningrad regions, in the north with Murmansk region. The capital of the Republic of Karelia is the city of Petrozavodsk.

Geography The Republic of Karelia is located in Northern Europe, in the northwestern part of Russia, washed by the White Sea in the northeast. The main relief of the republic is a hilly plain, turning in the west into the Western Karelian Upland. The glacier, retreating to the north, greatly changed the topography of Karelia; moraine ridges, eskers, kamas, and lake basins appeared in abundance. The highest point of the Republic of Karelia is Mount Nuorunen.

Climate The weather is changeable. The climate is mild with plenty of precipitation, changing in Karelia from marine to temperate continental. Winter is snowy, cool, but usually without severe frosts; if frosts occur, it is only for a few days. Summers are short and warm, with plenty of precipitation. Even in June there are sometimes frosts in the republic (extremely rare). Heat is rare and occurs for two to three weeks in the southern regions, but due to high humidity it is noticeable even at 20°C. In the northern regions, heat is extremely rare and lasts no more than a few days.

Geology Karelia's subsoil resources include: 489 explored deposits, 31 types of solid minerals, 386 peat deposits, 14 deposits of groundwater for domestic and drinking purposes, 2 deposits mineral waters, 10 officially recognized and over 200 registered geological monuments.

Main minerals: iron ore, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, precious metals, diamonds, mica, building materials (granites, diabases, marbles), ceramic raw materials (pegmatites, spar), apatite-carbonate ores, alkaline amphibole-asbestos. granite diabase marble

As of September 1, 2004, the distributed subsoil fund in the Republic of Karelia included 606 valid licenses: for precious metals and diamonds 14, solid non-common minerals 16, block stone 94, building stone for the production of crushed stone 76, other common minerals (mainly sand and gravel materials) 286, groundwater 120. More than 600 deposits have been put on the balance sheet. Of these, 378 peat, 77 sand and gravel material, 38 natural facing stone, 34 building stone, 27 muscovite sheets, 26 feldspathic raw materials, 21 construction sands, 13 groundwater, 9 milky white quartz, 8 ore raw materials (iron ores, vanadium , tin, molybdenum), 8 clays, 7 small-sized muscovite, 3 kyanite ores, 7 mineral paints, 4 sulfur-pyrite ores, 3 raw materials for mineral wool, 1 shungite, 1 raw materials for stone casting, 1 quartzite, 1 dolomite for metallurgy, 1 soapstone.

Hydrology There are several rivers in Karelia, of which the largest are: Vodla (length 149 km), Kem (191 km), Onda (197 km), Unga, Chirka-Kem (221 km), Kovda, Shuya, Suna with Kivach waterfalls and Vyg. In the republic near lakes. Together with the swamps, they contain about 2000 km³ of high-quality fresh water. Ladoga and Onega are the largest lakes in Europe. Other large lakes of Karelia: Nyuk, Pyaozevro, Segozevro, Syamozevro, Topoz Euro, Vygozevro, Yushkozevro. Since the territory of Karelia is located on the Baltic crystalline shield, many rivers have rapids and are often lined with stone banks.

Flora and fauna The fauna of Karelia is relatively young, it was formed after the Ice Age. In total, 63 species of mammals live on the territory of the republic, many of which, for example, the Ladoga ringed seal, the flying squirrel and the brown long-eared bat, are listed in the Red Book. On the rivers of Karelia you can see the lodges of European and Canadian beavers. The Canadian beaver, as well as the muskrat and American mink, are acclimatized representatives of the fauna of North America.

The raccoon dog is also not an indigenous inhabitant of Karelia, it comes from Far East. Since the end of the 1990s, wild boars began to appear, and roe deer entered the southern regions. There are bear, lynx, badger and wolf. Karelia is home to 285 species of birds, of which 36 species are included in the Red Book of Karelia. The most common birds are finches. Upland game such as hazel grouse, black grouse, ptarmigan, and wood grouse can be found. Every spring, geese fly to Karelia from warm countries. Distributed birds of prey: owls, hawks, golden eagles, marsh harriers. There are also 40 pairs of rare white-tailed eagles. Among the waterfowl: ducks, loons, waders, many seagulls and the largest of the diving ducks of Karelia, the common eider, valuable for its warm down. There are only 5 species of reptiles on the territory of the republic: common viper, snake, spindle, viviparous lizard and sand lizard.

Just like the fauna, the flora of Karelia was formed relatively recently, 10-15 thousand years ago. Coniferous forests predominate, pine forests to the north, and pine and spruce forests to the south. The main coniferous species are Scots pine and Scots spruce. Less common are Finnish spruce (north of the republic), Siberian spruce (east), and extremely rare Siberian larch (in Zaonezhye, in areas bordering the Arkhangelsk region). Small-leaved species are widespread in the forests of Karelia, these are: downy birch, warty birch, aspen, gray alder, and some types of willow. Mainly in the southern regions of Karelia, less often in the central ones, usually in small groups in the valleys of rivers and streams, on the shores of lakes and in damp, swampy places, black alder is found (its individual locations are also in the northern regions of the republic), and small-leaved linden, rough elm, Smooth elm and Norway maple grow mainly in the undergrowth, as individual trees or clumps in areas with the most fertile soils in southern Karelia. Karelia is a land of berries; lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries, blueberries, and cranberries grow in abundance here; raspberries, both wild and feral, grow in the forests, sometimes moving from village gardens. In the south of the republic, strawberries and currants grow abundantly. Juniper is common in the forests, bird cherry and buckthorn are not uncommon. Red viburnum is occasionally found. In the extreme southwest of the republic (in the northwestern Ladoga region), common hazel is also very rare.

Mainly in the southern regions of Karelia, less often in the central ones, usually in small groups in the valleys of rivers and streams, on the shores of lakes and in damp, swampy places, black alder is found (its individual locations are also in the northern regions of the republic), and small-leaved linden, rough elm, Smooth elm and Norway maple grow mainly in the undergrowth, as individual trees or clumps in areas with the most fertile soils in southern Karelia. Karelia is a land of berries; lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries, blueberries, and cranberries grow in abundance here; raspberries, both wild and feral, grow in the forests, sometimes moving from village gardens. In the south of the republic, strawberries and currants grow abundantly. Juniper is common in the forests, bird cherry and buckthorn are not uncommon. Red viburnum is occasionally found. In the extreme southwest of the republic (in the northwestern Ladoga region), common hazel is also very rarely found.

There are two nature reserves in Karelia: “Kivach” and “Kostomuksha”, as well as the Kem-Ludsky section of the Kandalaksha nature reserve. Ecological routes are laid out on their territories, there are nature museums, and scientific tourism is carried out. There are three national parks in the republic "Vodlozersky" (partly located in Arkhangelsk region), "Paanajärvi" and "Kalevalsky".

There are also two museum-reserves: “Valaam” and “Kizhi”. The Ladoga Skerries park is at the design and development stage. In addition, in the 2000s, it was planned to create national parks “Tulos” in the Muezersky district and “Koitajoki-Tolvajarvi” on the basis of the Tolvoyarvi landscape reserve in the Suoyarvi district, north of Ladoga.

Geographical position The Republic is located in Northern Europe, in northwestern parts of Russia, washed by the White Sea in the northeast. The main relief of the republic is a hilly plain, turning in the west into the Western Karelian Upland. The glacier, retreating to the north, greatly changed the topography of Karelia; moraine ridges, eskers, Kama, and lake basins appeared in abundance. The highest point of the Republic of Karelia is Mount Nuorunen.

Climate The climate is mild with plenty of precipitation, changing on the territory of Karelia from marine to continental. Winter is snowy, cool, but usually without severe frosts. Summer is short and cool (in the northern regions), with a lot of precipitation. Even in June there are sometimes frosts in the republic. Heat is rare and does not occur for two to three weeks in the southern regions every year. In the northern regions, heat is extremely rare, and no more than a few days.

Fauna The fauna of Karelia is relatively young, it was formed after the Ice Age. In total, 63 species of mammals live on the territory of the republic, many of which, for example, the Ladoga ringed seal, the flying squirrel and the brown long-eared bat, are listed in the Red Book. On the rivers of Karelia you can see the lodges of European and Canadian beavers. The Canadian beaver, as well as the muskrat and American mink, are acclimatized representatives of the fauna of North America. The raccoon dog is also not an indigenous inhabitant of Karelia, it comes from the Far East. Since the late 1960s, wild boars began to appear, and roe deer entered the southern regions. There are bear, lynx, badger and wolf. Karelia is home to 285 species of birds, of which 36 species are included in the Red Book of Karelia.

Fauna The most common birds are finches. Upland game such as hazel grouse, black grouse, ptarmigan, and wood grouse can be found. Every spring, geese fly to Karelia from warm countries. Birds of prey are common: owls, hawks, golden eagles, marsh harriers. There are also 40 pairs of rare white-tailed eagles. There are only 5 species of reptiles on the territory of the republic: common viper, snake, spindle, viviparous lizard and sand lizard. Insects are practically invisible in winter, but in summer there are a lot of midges around: mosquitoes, midges, midges and horseflies of many types: true horsefly, lacewings, rainflies, deer horseflies, gray horseflies. Ticks are common in the south of the republic. In Karelia you can find the rare swallowtail butterfly.

Flora Just like the fauna, the flora of Karelia was formed relatively recently, 10-15 thousand years ago. Coniferous forests predominate, pine forests to the north, and pine and spruce forests to the south. The main coniferous species are Scots pine and Scots spruce. Finnish spruce (north of the republic) and Siberian spruce (east) are less common. Small-leaved species are widespread in the forests of Karelia, these are: downy birch, warty birch, aspen, gray alder, some types of willows

Rivers and lakes There are several rivers in Karelia, the largest of which are: Vodla (length 149 km), Kem (191 km), Onda (197 km), Unga, Chirka-Kem (221 km), Kovda, Shuya, Suna with a waterfall Kivach, Vyg. Also in the republic near lakes. Together with the swamps, they contain about 2000 km³ of high-quality fresh water. Ladoga and Onega are the largest lakes in Europe. Other large lakes of Karelia: Nyuk, Pyaozero, Segozero, Syamozero, Topozero, Vygozero, Yushkozero.

The goal of the project: to continue work on studying our native land. Project objectives: Project objectives: To form students’ ideas about the symbolism, geographical location, climate of the Republic of Karelia. To form students’ ideas about the symbolism, geographical location, and climate of the Republic of Karelia. Introduce children to the sights of the republic: the first Russian resort “Martial Waters”, the museum-reserve “Kivach”, the local history museum. Introduce children to the sights of the republic: the first Russian resort “Martial Waters”, the museum-reserve “Kivach”, the local history museum. 3.Develop each child's cognitive abilities in the process research activities By this project. 3.Develop the cognitive abilities of each child in the process of research activities for this project. 4.Formulate the civic worldview of students. 4.Formulate the civic worldview of students. 5. Foster love and respect for nature and the sights of the Republic of Karelia. 5. Foster love and respect for nature and the sights of the Republic of Karelia.

Karelia. Have you been to Karelia? Where the grass spreads like a carpet, And where the lakes turn blue in the distance, Have you been to Karelia? Where the grass spreads like a carpet, And where the distant lakes turn blue, shimmering with silver. Where the waves of endless Ladoga fly to the shore in bulk. The waterfalls tell us about unsolved mysteries... Shimmering with silver. Where the waves of endless Ladoga fly to the shore in bulk. Waterfalls tell us about unsolved mysteries...

A word to the student Karelia... This is a rustling green foliage forest, and sun-drenched meadows with fragrant strawberries, and the coolness of blue lakes, and gray rocks, and the sky with white clouds floating across it... How many poems and songs have been written about Karelia! The beauty of our region inspires artists, writers, composers to create beautiful works... We must know the history of our region, enhance the glorious traditions of the republic, and protect its historical heritage. It is important to preserve the environment and everything that makes our lives meaningful, rich and spiritual. So, we invite you on this exciting journey!

Symbols of the Republic of Karelia Flag of the Republic of Karelia Flag of the Republic of Karelia Description: Description: The flag of the Republic of Karelia was created on the basis of a later version of the flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR. The flag of Karelia is a rectangular panel consisting of three equal horizontal stripes - red, blue and green. The red color in it symbolizes shed blood (in the later version of the flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR, the red color meant belonging to the USSR). Blue - Karelian rivers and lakes. Green - forests of Karelia. The flag of the Republic of Karelia was created on the basis of a later version of the flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR. The flag of Karelia is a rectangular panel consisting of three equal horizontal stripes - red, blue and green. The red color in it symbolizes shed blood (in the later version of the flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR, the red color meant belonging to the USSR). Blue - Karelian rivers and lakes. Green - forests of Karelia.

Coat of arms of the Republic of Karelia Description: Description: The coat of arms of the Republic of Karelia is a rectangular shield, rounded in the lower third, crossed three times in equal parts by the colors of the state flag of the Republic of Karelia with the profile of a standing black bear depicted on it. The golden frame of the shield turns into a stylized image of a spruce on the left side and a pine tree on the right. At the top of the shield there is an eight-pointed star (double cross) of gold color. The coat of arms of the Republic of Karelia is a rectangular shield, rounded in the lower third, crossed three times in equal parts with the colors of the state flag of the Republic of Karelia, with the profile of a standing black bear depicted on it. The golden frame of the shield turns into a stylized image of a spruce on the left side and a pine tree on the right. At the top of the shield there is an eight-pointed star (double cross) of gold color.

ANTHEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARELIA Composer: A. Beloborodov. Composer: A. Beloborodov. Authors of the text: Armas Mishin and Ivan Kostin Authors of the text: Armas Mishin and Ivan Kostin The native land of Karelia! An ancient wise land. Brotherly tribes are one family, Karelia! Ring, lakes, and sing, taiga! Native land, you are dear to me. I stand high on your hills and sing a song in your glory. Native land Karelia! Fate has given you to me forever. Hello for centuries, my country, Karelia! The heroes of epics among the forests and mountains still live on our land. Leisya, song! Kantele, sing louder in the name of the holy Karelian land! Native land Karelia! The rune and epic chant are alive. I see your radiant dawn, Karelia! I see your radiant dawn, Karelia! Native land Karelia! An ancient wise land. Brotherly tribes are one family, Karelia! Ring, lakes, and sing, taiga! Native land, you are dear to me. I stand high on your hills and sing a song in your glory. Native land Karelia! Fate has given you to me forever. Hello for centuries, my country, Karelia! The heroes of epics among the forests and mountains still live on our land. Leisya, song! Kantele, sing louder in the name of the holy Karelian land! Native land Karelia! The rune and epic chant are alive. I see your radiant dawn, Karelia! I see your radiant dawn, Karelia!

The Republic of Karelia is a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Northwestern federal district. The capital of the republic is the city of Petrozavodsk. The area of ​​Karelia is km². The republic is located in the northwestern part of Russia, located between two seas: the White and Baltic. It borders on the Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Leningrad regions, as well as Finland. The main relief of the republic is a hilly plain, turning in the west into the Western Karelian Upland. The climate is mild with plenty of precipitation, changing in Karelia from marine to continental.

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Lesson-game “Travel to the country of Karelia”

National-regional component in the educational field “Art” and “Technology”

The Karelian land is rich and sweet

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Goal and objectives

Nurturing artistic culture, developing interest in folk art, its traditions and heritage. Instill a love for traditional Russian and Karelian art; Develop artistic and creative abilities; Formation of a holistic perception of folk art as part of the culture of the people.

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Which of these musical works is the anthem of Karelia

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From the proposed color range make a flag of the “country of Karelia” and explain your choice

Courage, heroism, blood

Water resources Forest resources 4 6

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What images can be associated with Karelia

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“In a blue field on golden poles there are red banners placed crosswise.”

Historical coat of arms of Sortavala (Serdoblya) (1788)

Historical coat of arms of Petrozavodsk (1781)

At the top of the shield is the coat of arms of Novgorod. At the bottom, on a field divided by stripes of gold and green paint, there are three iron hammers, covered with mining vines, as a sign of the abundance of ores and the many factories found in this area.

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"In the golden shield, there is a hand emerging from the left side from the azure cloud, facing inward, holding an azure oval shield and accompanied below by four black cores connected by the same chained indirect cross. The shield is crowned with the Imperial crown and surrounded by golden oak leaves connected by St. Andrew's ribbon ".

Coat of arms of the Olonets province (1878)

Traditional Karelian coat of arms (1562)

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Riddles competition

They beat me, beat me, promoted me to all ranks, and then put me on the throne together with the king.

If I put it on, it will crimp, if I take it off, it will fall like a snake, it doesn’t provide any warmth, and without it it’s cold.

Girls love to wear it to surprise boys.

Warms the soul, warms the soul a little...

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The basis of any Karelian costume was a SHIRT. It was wide, decorated along the hem, collar, and edge of the sleeves with embroidery. And she always tied it with a belt.

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The main part of a woman's outfit is a sundress. Its most ancient type is the “kostych”, a slanted sundress with a high back and chest, decorated with a row of buttons on the front. The second type is “assembled”. It was sewn from straight strips of fabric.

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Dushegrea

The festive girl's outfit, along with a sundress, shirt, belt and jewelry, included a soul warmer - a ruffled brocade or damask with sleeves or a “short” blouse with narrow straps, similar to a small sundress.

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A very important part of the ancient folk clothing of the Russians, Karelians, Vepsians who lived on our lands.

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Everyone wore a belt - women, men, and children. If the belt was not worn over clothes, then it was necessarily tied under the clothes. Several belts could be worn at the same time.

This has been customary since ancient times. After all, the belt was not just a comfortable piece of clothing, but most importantly, it was a talisman that protected against evil forces.

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Hats

Particular attention was paid to the headdress - canvas magpies, warriors, podchelok. For married women it was closed, for girls it was open. Headdresses were decorated with gold or pearl embroidery, and later with beads and bugles.

Magpie Povoinik Povoinik

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Architectural monuments

When building churches, ancient masters tried to find them a worthy place, placing them on hills or picturesque places. The architects tried not to disturb the grandeur and silence of nature. Ancient architects inscribed their masterpieces in the artistic contrast of nature. Mighty pines and spruce trees, which have confidently dominated for centuries, seem to recede into the background, and only the temples attract attention.

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An architectural monument of the 17th century located in the Suojärvi district

Chapel of St. George in the village of Kangozero

Chapel of the Sign of the Mother of God in the village of Korba

Chapel of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa and Varlaam Khutynsky in the village of Podelniki

Chapel of Kirik and Ulita in the village of Vorobyi

Chapel of Peter and Paul in the village of Nasonovshchina

Chapel of Michael the Archangel from the village of Lelikozero

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George's Chapel

The monument of republican significance is located in the Suoyarvi district, Veshkelitsa village. Dates from the end of the 17th century. Until 1987, the chapel stood in the village of Kangozero, Suoyarvi district. By 1985 the village was almost completely lost.

The chapel dates back several construction periods. The first is the end of the 17th century. The second is the mid-19th century. An open gallery-porch with a quadruple belfry above it is attached to the west. The third period is the end of the 19th, beginning of the 20th century. The wall between the prayer room and the vestibule was cut out, window openings were cut out, a window was cut on the northern wall of the prayer room, and the frame of the belfry was covered with boards.