Presentation “Dymkovo toy. Dymkovo toy. Download abstract and presentations for a technology or fine art lesson

Synopsis of the lesson of fine arts “Decorative drawing. Dymkovo toy, 1st grade

The goals of the teacher:
To introduce the history of the Dymkovo craft, the works of the Dymkovo masters, the elements of the Dymkovo pattern, the palette, the sequence of painting, to teach how to paint a Dymkovo toy; develop skills in working with paint, cultivate respect for folk craftsmen, their creativity
Visual demonstration material:
Multimedia range: Presentation "Dymka", works of folk craftsmen of the Dymkovo craft, drawings or photographs, a table with elements of Dymkovo painting, reproductions of paintings depicting fair rows. Dymkovo craft toys and one wooden toy (for example, Bogorodsk craft)
Equipment: watercolor paints, gouache, album, palette, brushes, pencils, a glass of water, a napkin,
Planned educational results:
subject(volume of development and level of competencies): learn how Dymkovo masters mold and decorate a clay toy, what elements the Dymkovo pattern consists of, what its palette is, in what sequence it is painted; learn to draw a Dymkovo toy.
Metasubject(components of cultural and competence experience / acquired competence): will master the ability to understand the learning task of the lesson; anwser the questions; generalize your own view; listen to the interlocutor and conduct a dialogue, evaluate their achievements in the lesson; enter into verbal communication, recognize their civic identity in relation to their homeland, its culture, folk traditions, art; are aware of their ethnicity and cultural identity as a citizen of Russia.
Personal: have motivation for learning activities; skills of cooperation with adults and peers in different situations

lesson structure
I. Organizational moment
Emotional, psychological and motivational preparation of students for the assimilation of the studied material
I check the readiness of students for the lesson.
So, friends, pay attention -
After all, the bell rang.
Sit back -
Let's start the lesson soon.
I tell you the topic of the lesson.
- Look at the toys presented at the exhibition and find the odd one among them.
– Yes, one of the toys on display here is made of wood, while others are made of clay. Guys, you all have toys at home. They are made of modern materials (plastic, rubber, metal, fur). But along with them
folk clay toys are still very popular. In the hands of masters, a miraculous transformation of natural material into amazing creations takes place. The places where these masters live are called the centers of folk crafts. A lot of them. Today we get to know each other better
with one of them - the Dymkovo industry. This is a unique phenomenon of Russian folk art that has come to us from time immemorial. Folk craftsmen have been preserving it for 400 years. But for the craft to exist for many more years, people need to be familiar with such toys from childhood, love them, play with them.

II. Learning new material
FROM verbal and illustrative story "From the history of fishing". View a multimedia presentation on a topic.
In a long time ago
This is not how the country lived.
There was no "Dandy",
"This" with "Lego" - too.
And they made toys
Who can.
And having created your product,
We went to the market.
Made from clay
Toys for everyone.
Children on a carousel
They sat on the horses.
On a sleigh - Emelya,
Here is the dog Bimka.
All toys only
It's called "smoke". slide2.

Spruce sleeping by the highway
In hoarfrost,
The trees are sleeping, the river is sleeping,
Icebound.
Soft falling snow
Blue smoke curls.
Smoke comes out of the chimneys
As if in a haze all around,
Blue gave.
And a big village
They named it Dymkovo.
They loved songs, dances,

Evenings are long in winter
And they sculpted it out of clay.
Amazing miracle
We will bow again and again
And about the Dymkovo toy
I'll tell the story now.

Slide 3.

Smoke comes out of the chimneys
As if in a haze all around,
Blue gave.
And a big village
They named it Dymkovo.
They loved songs, dances,
Miracle fairy tales were born in the village.
Evenings are long in winter
And they sculpted it out of clay.
Amazing miracle
We will bow again and again
And about the Dymkovo toy
I'll tell the story now.
- The Dymkovo toy is called so because it was born in the settlement of Dymkovo, not far from Vyatka. Toys were a bright decoration of fairs, where festive festivities with a mischievous and cheerful name - Whistling took place.
slide 4.

-A lot of jokes, riddles, poems were made about Dymkovo toys.
For example:

Most respected gentlemen,
look here,
Vyatka toys in all manners
Here are the young ladies and gentlemen Slide 5.

Indian, Indian, turkey,
You look like a chest
The chest is not simple -
Red, white, gold. slide 6.

For cold water
Water carrier young woman,
Like a swan swims.
Buckets are full! Slide 7.

Surprised everyone with the outfit
Wings importantly spread.
That's so fiction
This miracle bird? slide 8.

Clay horses rush
On a stand that there are forces
And in the sleigh can not resist,
If he let go of the reins. slide 9.

Sides are cool
golden horns,
On the legs - frills,
On the back of Yegor. slide 10.

Dymkovo toys are quite diverse in form and appearance. As a rule, these are hollow inside molded from clay. The Dymkovo toy is molded and painted by hand. Sculpted from red clay, after firing it was painted with chalk diluted with milk. Painted on a white background.
Viewing a presentation slides 11-12.

Yes, toys are not simple,
And magically painted:
Snow-white, like birches,
Circles, cells, stripes -
Seemingly simple pattern
But you can't look away.
And there is glory about the haze -
You deserve this right!
They talk about her everywhere.
What a miracle it is!
- Describe one of the Dymkovo toys.
slide 13.

I organize the execution of the task, I lead students to formulate a conclusion by asking questions:
What do all these toys have in common? (White background, bright colors, geometric patterns, visual details, generalized form.)
What colors did the masters use for painting?
toys? What patterns do you see on toys?
(Cells, circles, dots, stripes, etc.)
slide 14.

Conclusion: the main element of the painting is geometric patterns, zigzags, circles, stripes, wavy lines, round spots, dots and cells. In the design of the toy, the brightest, even contrasting colors are used - red, green, yellow, blue, crimson, blue and others, as well as gilding.

Physical education minute

We raise our hands up,
And then we let them go.
And then we unfold them
And we'll take it to ourselves soon.
And then faster, faster
Clap, clap more cheerfully.

III. Creative practical activity
O workplace organization.
I check the correct organization of the workplace.
Performing exercises on drawing a Dymkovo pattern.
I show you how to draw patterns. I organize work.
- Draw one of your favorite toys with gouache. Remember the basic rules for working on a drawing.

IV. Summary of the lesson.
Reflection
Exhibition of student work. collective composition
"At the Dymkovo Fair"
O I organize viewing of works and their discussion.
The teacher reads the verses:
This deer has golden antlers.
Through mountain ranges
Through the rooftops of the villages
Red-horned, yellow-horned
Clay deer rushes.
- The Dymkovo lady is all in orange, gold, scarlet and green patterns.
Look how good
This girl is a soul.
Scarlet cheeks are burning
Amazing outfit.

Summarizing the information received in the lesson, evaluating the results of the work.
-What did you learn in the lesson?
What work do you think is the most beautiful? Why?
- What difficulties did you encounter in the process of work? How did you overcome them?
-Are you satisfied with the results of your work?

Final word
Slide 15-16.

Teacher: Today, guys, we will talk about toys. But not about ordinary, but about folk toys. Our homeland has long been famous for its masters, for its deeds. Wherever we are, we will meet miracle craftsmen who can turn natural materials into amazing creations. The places where these masters live are called the centers of folk crafts. A lot of them.

Here is the Dymkovskaya Sloboda (now the riverside part of the city of Kirov), which is on the Vyatka River, is famous for its craftsmen, for its Dymkovo toys.

(The teacher shows Dymkovo toys)

Why is Dymkovo famous?
With my toy.
It has no smoky color,
And there is the love of people.

There is something of a rainbow in her,
From dew drops.
There is something of joy in her,
Thundering like bass.

(V.Fofanov)

Affectionately and affectionately, the people call this toy - haze. Where does such an amazing name come from?

It turns out that clay toys were made in winter and early spring, when there was a long preparation for the "Whistle" spring fair. To burn the toys, the stoves were stoked until late at night, and the whole settlement was in smoke, in a haze. From this the name Dymkovo arose, and the toys began to be called Dymkovo. What are these toys? Let's see.

(The teacher demonstrates toys, slides, presentations, etc. Draws attention to the features of the Dymkovo toy)

Some researchers associate the production of this toy with the spring fair “whistle” or “whistle dance”, which once took place on Mount Razderikhe (near Vyatka). The awakening of nature, the arrival of birds, hopes for the future harvest (and the purchase of grain took place at this fair) - all this was in the air and gave rise to a cheerful mood, joyful expectation, and at the same time funny toys, which was Dymkovo's toy. Initially, the Dymkovo toy was a whistle, on which it was possible to play a simple melody or tune. Later, whistles gradually gave way to a simple but very bright toy made for sale. And here there is, as it were, a change in its meaning: from an ordinary whistle toy, it turns into a work of art that has come down to us from “deep antiquity”.

- The Dymkovo lady is very smart. On the head without fail - curls, hats, kokoshniks. On the shoulders - a cape, puffy sleeves. On the bottom of the skirt or apron - frills. In the hands - a handbag, an umbrella, a dog, a yoke, etc. On a white background, the craftswomen generously “scattered” circles, cages, large and small peas.

Look how good
This soul girl
Scarlet cheeks are burning
Amazing outfit.

(Folk art)

Dymkovo cavaliers, grandiose generals, with self-respect. More often they are depicted on horseback or paired with a mistress.

With ribbons and bows
Yes, under the arm with dandies
We walk in pairs
We swim with peahens.

(P. Sinyavsky)

- Toys depicting animals and birds are distinguished by a special invention. Dymkovo horses with a lush mane and tail.

Clay horses rush
On stands that there are forces.
And do not hold on to the tail
If the mane missed.

(Folk art)

Folk fantasy, love for colorfulness is also manifested in the image of an ordinary cockerel. He seems exotic, with his bushy tail and red crest that looks like a fancy flower. The Dymkovo cockerel is full of dignity and fighting enthusiasm. A circle always shines on his chest - a symbol of the sun.

(Folk art)

To this day, the Dymkovo toy continues to delight us with its brightness, colorfulness, and festivity. The craft of the Dymkovo toy is preserved thanks to the Dymkovo craftswomen from the city of Kirov.

We are noble toys
Folding yes okay,
We are famous everywhere
We will love you too!

(P. Sinyavsky)

(End of slide show, presentations)

Question: What do all these toys have in common?

Answer: Cheerful, festive, elegant.

Question: Do you like these toys? What is the most? Why?

Question: How can I paint toys, what elements are better to select?

Answer: Circles, stripes, waves, rings, dots, rhombuses, etc.

Question: What colors do Dymkovo masters like?

Answer: Bright elegant: red, blue, crimson, yellow, orange, green.

The teacher invites the children to become real folk craftsmen and paint models of the Dymkovo toy. Draws attention to the main stages of painting (from large to small details).

In the process of independent work, the teacher provides children with complete creative freedom, providing individual assistance. You can turn on soft folk music. There is an exhibition at the end of the lesson. The children place their toys on a special stand and, together with the teacher, choose the best works. The teacher does not forget to praise each student, to mark in the toy what was best done.

To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com

Slides captions:

Dymkovo toy

The history of the Dymkovo toy Dymkovo toy is an original clay craft that originated and survived exclusively in the territory of the Vyatka Territory (Kirov Region), in the settlement of Dymkovo, where stove-makers and potters have long settled.

The history of the Dymkovo toy has about 400 years. The first Dymkovo toys were whistles in the form of horses, rams, goats and ducks.

In the past, making Dymkovo toys was a family business. In the summer months, they prepared clay, pounded it by hand or rubbed lump chalk in paint grinders, the rest of the time they sculpted, dried, burned products, closer to the Whistler they whitened with chalk diluted in skimmed cow's milk, painted with egg paints, decorated with rhombuses of golden sweat. And in the spring, boats brought the Dymkovo toy to the city for a holiday, delighting children and adults with their art.

At the end of the 19th century, the fishery fell into decline. In the 30s of the 20th century, as part of the revival of some folk crafts, support was provided for the revival and craft of the Dymkovo toy. The toy is molded from local red clay in parts (unlike other toys, which are molded from a single piece of clay). Before firing, the toys are dried and only then fired. Previously, toys were fired in a real Russian oven, now they are fired in muffle furnaces.

The fired Dymkovo toy has a red-brown color, which is common for clay. For whitewashing, a mixture of chalk and milk is used, into which a Dymkovo toy is dipped. In this case, the surface is covered with a dense white layer. For coloring, dry paints ground on an egg were used. Now gouache, diluted on an egg, is used.

Halftones and imperceptible transitions are alien to the Dymkovo toy. Undiluted bright colors create a feeling of joy of life. Patterns have simple geometric shapes: circles, checks, waves. In general, up to 10 colors can be used in each toy.

Dymkovo horse Very slender and beautiful, With bangs and fluffy mane. Can swim and jump, Eats oats, knows how to laugh. Jump into the water and into the fire Faithful to man ...

Step by step work

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

An integrated lesson in technology, fine arts and museum pedagogy in the 3rd grade on the topic "In the workshop of a clay toy. Dymkovo toy. Painting of a toy." Grade 3...

"Modeling toys based on folk patterns" (Dymkovo toy)

This material will help to acquaint children with the history of the emergence of toys, folk crafts, with the ancient meaning of the ornament that adorned toys. To develop the creative abilities of students, aesthetics ...

"Festive colors of patterns" - drawing decorative elements for a Dymkovo toy. Acquaintance with the Dymkovo toy and a conversation about its beauty.

At this lesson of fine arts, children get acquainted with the Dymkovo toy, learn to highlight the elements of the geometric pattern of the Dymkovo painting, practice the techniques of drawing elements of the Dymkovo pattern with a brush....

slide 1

Dymkovo toy

slide 2

Dymkovo toy (Vyatka, Kirov toy), Russian folk art craft; has long existed in the settlement of Dymkovo (now in the city of Kirov). The Dymkovo toy is molded from clay, fired and painted on the ground with tempera, including gold leaf. Depicts animals, riders, ladies in crinolines, fabulous, everyday scenes. The artistic originality of the Dymkovo toy is determined by massive laconic plasticity, emphasized by harmonious decorative painting in the form of a large geometric ornament (circles of different colors, cells, etc.).
tea drinking

slide 3

Dymkovo toy is perhaps one of the oldest crafts in Russia. It arose out of love for the pottery tradition of the Vyatka lands in ancient times. The name of the toy comes from the Dymkovo settlement, today it is a district of the city of Vyatka. According to many researchers, the development of the Dymkovo clay toy is associated with the ritual spring festival “whistle dance”, which was dedicated to the sun. To take part in the celebration, one needed a clay whistle and a painted clay ball that could be tossed around.

slide 4

The Dymkovo Vyatka toy has long been a folk sculpture. The difference between this art craft and other folk crafts in Russia is that each toy is the author's creative work of hand-sculpted and painted craftswomen, and exists in a single copy. Traditionally, the Dymkovo toy industry does not have mass production in-line.
Rooster

slide 5

The whistles had the forms of various totemic animals: bear, goat, ram, deer, but in essence they were very simple, since their main function was magical, not decorative. Despite the ritual significance of clay whistles, there is a certain irony with which the craftsmen sculpted them. A bear, for example, could play some musical instrument, a goat could be dressed in funny pants. Such clay figurines-whistles were sculpted by women and girls long before the holiday. This work was considered exclusively female.
Goat

slide 6

Almost all toys are whistles, festively painted on white clay with multi-colored stripes and lines, rings and dots, circles that look like flowers.
horse

Slide 7

Ram
Horse
Deer

Slide 8

Lady
In ancient times, the most common types of figurines were animals and "women" - female symbols of fertility. Only in the 19th century, "women" dressed up in bright clothes, took in their hands dishes with pies, babies and birds, settled in boats and on benches. Multi-figure compositions appeared with names like "Sledging", "Tea Party", "Walking with Children", "In the Night".

Slide 9

In the 19th century, the holiday turned into a lively “whistle” fair, with an indispensable whistle. The magical meaning of the festival was lost. The whistles were preserved, but acquired more and more pretentious, decorative forms. If in ancient times animals were the main plot, then in the 19th century women appeared in elegant clothes, with babies, birds, with baskets of pies, with yokes, on benches and in boats. Later, the masters of the Dymkovo toy turn to urban subjects: ladies of fashion, townspeople, officers, merchants, buffoons.
Nurse

Slide 10

Whatever the Dymkovo toy depicts, it can always be distinguished by its unique elegant coloring. On a white background, blue, blue, green, yellow-orange, crimson colors look very fun. There may be up to ten. The ornament is always simple: cells, stripes, circles, dots, diamonds, zigzags in various combinations. But these simple geometric patterns carry some information. For example, a blue wavy stripe denotes water, crossed stripes denote a well frame, a circle with an asterisk in the middle denotes the sun and other luminaries.
Nurse