How to issue an electronic signature for individuals. How to obtain an electronic signature for individuals. How to use an electronic signature
Simple electronic signature - how to do it this virtual analogue of a person’s handwritten signature in the new century modern technologies, our publication will tell.
What is an electronic signature and key certificate
Legislators have defined an electronic signature as information in electronic form, attached to other information (signed) and certifying the signatory. Its application is regulated by the Law “On Electronic Signatures” dated 04/06/2011 No. 63-FZ with amendments and additions that entered into force on 07/08/2016, which reflects the right to use electronic signatures in the provision of municipal or government services when concluding civil agreements or other actions provided for by the relevant regulations.
The main task of an electronic signature, like a handwritten signature in life, is to certify:
- authorship of the document;
- completeness and correctness of information in the document;
- integrity of the document.
The need for such an analogue of a handwritten signature is dictated by rapidly developing technologies that make it possible to conduct business remotely, using the Internet and telecommunication channels.
An example would be publication.
In most cases, an electronic signature is a materialized concept of a complex that includes special programs, capabilities for operating a key certificate and its storage. As a rule, the storage is a flash drive or smart card on which the electronic signature verification key certificate is recorded. It is precisely this that is an electronic autograph, which is produced and issued by a certification center (CA).
The electronic signature verification key certificate contains:
- information about the owner of the electronic signature;
- individual unique number;
- certificate validity period (one year);
- name, address and details of the CA that issued and issued the electronic signature.
After a year, the certificate expires and a new one must be purchased.
PLEASE NOTE! If there can only be one handwritten signature, then the number of electronic signatures that can be issued to one person is unlimited.
In addition to the digital signature enhanced by the electronic signature key, there is also a so-called simple electronic signature - PES.
Simple electronic signature
This material is devoted to a simple electronic signature (SES), which is used to sign a document in electronic format, when the fact of a visa is confirmed through various identification methods - passwords/codes (Article 5 of Law No. 63-FZ).
As an example of how the PEP works, we can cite the process of using Internet banking for individuals. The user begins logging into the system using his individual login and password, then to the number previously provided by the user to the bank mobile phone You will receive an additional one-time code to complete your login. If a user issues a transfer order during a session cash from your accounts - an SMS with the transaction code will be sent to your phone again. In a similar way it is achieved:
- sufficient confidence that it is the bank client who has logged into the Internet banking system (identification);
- confirmation that it is the client who wishes to make a money transfer from his account via the Internet (authorization).
The complex of login/password/phone number for control SMS is a simple identifier (confirmation) of the client’s identity and intentions. That is, it can be regarded as his signature under the actions performed.
Procedure for issuing a simple electronic signature key
To obtain a simple electronic signature, you need to go through the registration and identification procedure once in the structure for which this signature will be intended. For example, issue banking product(account or card) - which means going through client identification at the bank, and then registering in the Internet banking system, creating a permanent login and password to enter the system.
Similarly, but with some nuances, identification occurs for obtaining PEP on the websites public services. For example, to register a personal electronic signature on government services portals, you need to receive a confirmation code for personal identification. There are 3 options for obtaining an identification code:
- appear in person at one of the service centers listed on the website (for example, a branch of the Russian Post) with the documents that were specified when creating an account on the government services website;
- request shipping registered letter with a code via Russian Post - accordingly, you will receive it using your passport, which will confirm your identity;
IMPORTANT! You cannot receive an identifier for logging into your personal account on the portal by email.tax. ru.
- using an existing electronic signature (for example, issued through a certification center).
Businessmen, legal entities and individuals can obtain an electronic digital signature from a certification center. To do this, you must come to the CA, pay the cost of the service and submit a set of necessary documents.
To obtain a key certificate, an organization may need:
- application for the production of an electronic signature in the prescribed form;
- extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (received less than 1 month ago)
- document on state registration of the company and certificate of registration with the Federal Tax Service;
- when producing a key certificate for the manager, you will need a copy of the order of appointment to the position, certified by his signature and the company seal;
- for a representative of the company - a executed power of attorney regarding the powers of this person;
- passport and a copy of the passport of the owner of the electronic signature;
- SNILS and a copy of SNILS of the owner of the electronic signature.
PLEASE NOTE! Even if the digital signature is prepared for the needs of an organization, the actual owner will still be an individual who has the right to sign from the organization.
For individual entrepreneur The following documents are needed:
- IP registration document;
- certificate of registration with the Federal Tax Service;
- an extract from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs received no later than 30 days ago;
- passport and a copy of the passport of the owner of the digital signature;
- SNILS and a copy of SNILS of the owner of the digital signature;
- application for the production of an electronic signature.
Individuals provide to the CA:
- application for the production of an electronic signature;
- passport of the future owner of the digital signature;
- SNILS of the future owner of the digital signature.
Precautions
Being an important tool in work, any electronic signature requires serious precautions. According to clause 10.2 of the regulations approved by order Federal service By financial monitoring dated August 16, 2013 No. 223, the owner of the certificate, when working with the electronic signature verification key, must follow the rules for its storage, not leave it unattended, and ensure confidentiality conditions. For example, if necessary, you should request the suspension of the document if there are suspicions about a possible unauthorized access to EP. Ignoring the requirements of the regulations may result in losses, the compensation of which the head of the company (if we are talking about an official) can assign to the owner of the signature.
If the EDS is lost (or if unauthorized use of the EDS has become possible), you should immediately contact the CA (or the structure that issued the EDS) and state the need for blocking.
Results
As a replacement for a handwritten signature, digital signature is an indispensable tool that allows enterprises to design convenient document flow, both internal and external. PEP, drawn up mainly by individuals, allows you to significantly simplify relationships with government agencies, employers, banks or educational institutions. Obtaining a PEP is a simple procedure that takes a minimal amount of time, but greatly expands the capabilities of the user of Internet resources.
Electronic signature - how to make this analogue of a handwritten signature yourself, encrypted using cryptographic transformation of information, we will consider in the article.
How to create your signature and seal electronically on your computer for free
In the century information technology Paper documents are being replaced by electronic media. To give them legal significance, they also need to be certified with a signature and seal. In this connection, many users have a question about how to make an electronic seal and signature yourself. To answer it, you need to find out what it is electronic digital signature(EDS)?
Digital signature is information about the signatory attached to other information (the document being signed).
There are 2 types of digital signature: simple and enhanced. Reinforced, in turn, is divided into qualified and unqualified.
Simple digital signature (SES) is a signature consisting of a set of characters and passwords. A striking example of a PEP is the use bank card. When registering, a login and password are registered, and when making payment actions, the subscriber receives a code to the phone number registered in the banking system, which must be entered to confirm the payment.
Unqualified electronic signature - information about the subscriber, encrypted using a cryptographic information converter, which allows you to track the signer, as well as all changes made to the document after his signature.
A qualified digital signature has the same properties as an unqualified signature, but its mandatory attribute is a digital signature verification key certificate.
A simple and unqualified ES correspond to a visa on a paper document, a qualified ES is electronic seal and signature.
There are several ways to make a signature on a computer and certify a document with it. Let's look at what exactly they are next.
Creating a digital signature in Word
Electronic signature for free created in MS Office documents. Let's look at an example with a Word file. To certify a document created using Word software, you must perform the following steps:
- Place the cursor in the place where you want to add a signature.
- Go to the “Insert” tab and click the “Microsoft Office Signature Line” button.
- In the window that opens, fill in the required fields.
- The signature is ready and looks like this:
You can also add a signature from the “File” menu. To do this, open the document, click the “File” button, “Information”, “Document Protection” and select the “Add” function digital signature».
Next, fill out the form in the same way as shown in Fig. 2. However, a signature generated using the method described above is difficult to verify for authenticity. Therefore, many users choose the relatively inexpensive Karma software.
Karma program for creating digital signatures without MS Office
Karma software is a cryptographic software product developed by Russian programmers that can be used in various systems any level:
- for legally significant electronic document management(EDO);
- for working in the 1C system;
- for messages sent by email;
- for management document flow;
- to sign files opened by Windows Explorer, etc.
A special feature of the system is the ability to add a graphic image of a signature and seal (facsimile) to a document. When using this function, a paper copy is practically no different from the original.
In addition, the sender can attach a sticker to the document being signed, recording messages, comments or instructions intended for the recipient of the document. At the same time, the software has an intuitive interface that does not require special knowledge from the average user.
However, the signature generated by the Karma program is not suitable for sending reports to the Federal Tax Service or for working on the government services portal.
How to create an electronic signature and register a certificate online
To make an electronic signature online for EDF with the Federal Tax Service, an individual must register with personal account taxpayer (LKN). To obtain a certificate in LKN, go to the “Profile” section and click on the “Obtain an electronic signature verification key certificate” button. This key is valid for 1 year, after which the certificate is requested again. In LKN is generated electronic signature online for free.
This function is available only to individuals, which does not include individual entrepreneurs, private notaries and other self-employed people. In addition, the electronic digital signature received by an individual at LKN for sending reports to the Federal Tax Service is not suitable for working on the public services portal. To conduct electronic document flow through the government services website, a citizen must use the universal electronic card received before 2017, or electronic passport(if available), and also purchase a special reading device (card reader).
To organize e-document flow with fiscal authorities and funds, as well as to work on sites intended for participation in tenders according to the law of July 18, 2011 No. 223-FZ, subscribers can obtain an EDS verification key certificate only from an accredited certification center (CA).
ATTENTION! To work on the government procurement website, according to the law of April 5, 2013 No. 44-FZ, EDF participants should receive an EDS verification key certificate from the territorial department Federal Treasury(letter of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation dated October 26, 2016 No. D28i-2792).
Registration of digital signature certificate
To generate a key, the subscriber must contact the nearest CA, having with him a complete package of documents:
- Individuals:
- application for a certificate;
- copies of the passport, INN, SNILS of the individual who owns the certificate.
- Legal entity:
- documents named in clause 1;
- extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (USRIP);
- an order for the appointment of a manager or another document allowing a person to act on behalf of the entity;
- other documents as required by the CA.
The certificate is usually recorded on removable media or issued on paper.
ATTENTION! For various operations Various certificates are issued. Thus, a certificate obtained for sending reports to the Federal Tax Service will not be suitable for working on the government procurement website under 44-FZ or on sites under 223-FZ, and vice versa.
The process of signing a document electronically
The process of signing a document with a simple digital signature does not require special knowledge. To do this, enter your password and confirm it.
Signing with a qualified signature has its own characteristics. Before signing a document, you must install the CryptoPro software or another cryptographic information converter and the EDS key verification certificate itself.
The installation algorithm is discussed step by step in the material “How to install a digital signature certificate on a computer?” .
Next, you need to endorse the required document. Approval algorithms vary depending on the type of file, type of editor or software. For example, to send reports to the Federal Tax Service or funds, the file is loaded into a special program, then the appropriate certificate is selected and the “Sign file” button is pressed.
Results
To give a document legal significance, you need an electronic digital signature - you now know how to do it yourself for free. The method of obtaining an electronic signature depends on the type of signature, the subscriber and the needs for which it is issued.
In multifunctional centers, starting from 2017, you can obtain an electronic (digital) signature key, it is easy to issue an electronic signature for an individual at the MFC, the process does not require much time and money.
Since April 6, 2011, it has been valid throughout Russia Federal law No. 63 Federal Law, regulating the creation and use of such signatures.
It replaced the no longer valid No. 1-FZ. Many people are interested in why an electronic signature is needed and what advantages it provides.
In this review, we will talk about all the legal and everyday nuances associated with obtaining, using and restoring signatures.
In the era of the development of cryptography (encryption), experts created programs whose algorithms generate multi-character complex combinations. To use the system, a bunch of two keys is used - public and private.
The first user forwards to those with whom he plans to exchange confidential data. The second one is used by the owner himself. It allows you to send certificates to other people and authenticate official papers.
Both options are software products that have an expiration date. Upon completion, replacement is required. This is similar to the validity of licenses for antivirus programs, for which the period of use must be extended. This restriction ensures the safety of users.
It is so difficult and expensive to hack and tamper with a file that in the vast majority of cases, attackers simply do not have such resources.
The main scope of application is confirmation of the authenticity of documents for various purposes filled out by individuals (private citizens) or legal entities (enterprises and organizations). We are talking about a complete analogue of a personal painting, which has the same legal force in any authorities.
Types of digital signatures and their differences
Let's move on to a more detailed consideration of the point about what types of electronic signatures there are and how they differ. The first option is a simple email. signature.
It can be used to work on government service websites or used for internal company affairs related to the signing of orders, resolutions, and correspondence.
The sole purpose is to confirm actual authorship. This option has no legal force at the state level.
A more advanced version, which has protection that guarantees authenticity and authorship, is called an unqualified electronic signature.
It can be used for internal and external (by mutual agreement) document flow. When making such software product New generation cryptographic systems are used.
The most effective and legally recognized is a qualified signature, abbreviated as CES. With its help, you can submit tax returns, work with the Pension Fund website, and participate in auctions.
The level of protection in this case is maximum, because cryptographic systems used for keys are tested by FSB experts and certified by security authorities.
Using a qualified electronic signature, you limit access to confidential documents and receive protection against theft of important information, incl. industrial espionage.
List of documents for obtaining an electronic digital signature
Some users are not aware of what documents are needed to obtain an electronic signature. The point is that ordinary people, entrepreneurs and company managers will have a different list of required papers.
In the first case, it is enough to write an application, attaching a receipt and a photocopy of your passport certified by a notary. The second one is more difficult:
- Order on the appointment of the head of the enterprise (certified copy);
- Passport of the person submitting the application (original);
- If a third party is submitting the application, a power of attorney in his name is required;
- Charter of the enterprise (certified copy);
- Statement of payment.
The registration procedure is quick. On average, production takes no more than three days from the date of application. Applications are always processed in order of priority, and this happens without any hitches.
Receipt through multifunctional centers
Often people simply do not know where the accredited service for issuing digital signatures is located, and are interested in whether it is possible to obtain an electronic signature through the MFC at their place of residence.
Experts answer that such a possibility really exists. Contacting the center municipal services, any citizen or representative of a legal entity will be able to receive the keys within ten working days from the date of application. Such services have been provided since 2017.
To register, you need to make an appointment by phone hotline 88005505030 or come to the branch to get an electronic queue coupon.
Upon arrival, you will need to write an application according to the sample that will be given to you on the spot. You also need to have your passport and... The service is free for the public.
The procedure is extremely simple. First, you register on the website of the certification center, select a registration service, prepare the above papers, pay for the service in a convenient way (bank, terminal, Visa or MasterCard).
There are several ways to obtain an electronic signature for individuals, and they differ in purpose.
How to make an electronic signature for government services
If you need to use the capabilities of the gosuslugi.ru website, work with portals tax service and Rosreestr, a qualified signature will be required. With its help, a citizen can carry out the following operations:
- Receive or replace a civil or TIN;
- Request information about income, debts, fines from the tax and;
- Receive electronically;
- Check the account in the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation;
- Register or deregister in the city, carry out similar operations with the car;
- Apply to a university in another city;
- Conclude contracts for remote work;
- Participate in the system electronic trading throughout the country;
- Register ;
- Obtain a license, patent.
You can obtain this type of digital signature from certification centers. Cost – 950 rub. To do this you will need to perform the following set of steps:
- Visit the official website of the NCC of the Russian Federation and go through a quick registration procedure;
- In your personal account, indicate where you live and where you want to receive an electronic signature;
- Clarify for what purposes it is planned to be used;
- Request an invoice and pay it in a convenient way;
- Arrive at the pickup location at the specified time with a package of necessary documents.
So you can easily make an individual an electronic signature for government services and other tasks related to official document flow and various registrations. As you can see, there is nothing complicated in this process, and it will take a little time.
Digital signature and distribution of powers
Often the signature belongs to a legal entity - more precisely, the head of a company or business owner. But at the same time, all the main “current” tasks are performed by his deputy, the head of the legal department, or another official in the company.
In this case, a logical question arises - how to issue a power of attorney for the use of an electronic signature by another person? Is such a procedure possible in principle?
Yes, such a possibility is provided for and enshrined in law. In accordance with the Regulations on the use of digital signatures dated December 27, 2012, legal entities have the right to appoint authorized representatives, who, in turn, will use special digital signatures.
An application with a power of attorney is submitted to the certification center (you can download a sample here). After this, the representative will be issued certificates.
Loss of digital signature and procedures related to restoration
Your laptop was stolen or your hard drive was damaged and cannot be restored. What to do in this case, To How to restore an electronic signature in the prescribed manner? If the key is lost, it cannot be recovered. You will have to apply for a new one.
The essence is the same as during the initial appeal. There is also no difference in timing. You simply repeat the previously completed procedure. Warn everyone about such changes. Use backup storage options such as portable flash drives to avoid unnecessary hassle.
If necessary, you can use the help of specialists who will help you quickly and competently assemble everything necessary documents and issue or restore an electronic digital signature in the shortest possible time.
WHY DO YOU NEED AN EDS?
Advantages and purpose of digital signature
When creating a digital signature, it is important to know its types and capabilities:
- simple - has no legal force, but confirms authorship and is used in the internal document flow of the company;
- unqualified - protects the document from forgery, confirms authorship, and is used to exchange documents with third parties;
- qualified - it can be issued only in a special center, has an increased level of security and full legal force, analogous to a person’s handwritten signature.
It is the last type of electronic signature that gives the right to submit electronic reports to regulatory authorities, participation in electronic trading, V arbitration proceedings etc.
Digital signature for reports to departments
To send a report to the department, you can use two methods: special programs, the most common of which are Kontur-Extern, Taxcom-Sprinter, SbiS++, etc. They are simple and user-friendly, help track the progress of the report through the processing stages and protect against technical failures during document transfer. Some official portals government agencies allow you to transfer data for free, but their work is unstable and data can be lost due to problems. Whichever method you choose, you will need an electronic key to communicate with departments. Moreover, each department requires its own signature, so it is better to order a whole set - many distribution centers offer a discount on such orders.
Digital signature for public services
Signature for bidding
Signature for court
Using a digital signature, a company will be able to send documents to a court of any jurisdiction, which is necessary in case of bankruptcy. Documents signed in this way are considered full-fledged evidence at court hearings.
Transfer of documents
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Digital document management is powerful competitive advantage. EDS is the basis for both types of document flow:
Electronic document management has many advantages:
You can order a special digital signature for document flow or choose a set of digital signatures that gives you the right to participate in tenders, submit reports online and use government services. |
Package of documents for obtaining digital signature
Sometimes a larger package of documents may be required. For example, to participate in bidding on electronic platform You will need an application for an electronic signature to participate in the tender. If a legal entity is registered abroad, then permission to open a representative office in our country and a Certificate of Entry will be required. state register accredited branches, representative offices of foreign legal entities.
Power of attorney for obtaining digital signature by a legal entity
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This document allows you to submit to the certification center all the necessary papers to obtain an electronic signature, and in return receive a certificate and all the signature keys. Issued if it is impossible for the manager to obtain the ES personally. You can obtain a digital signature yourself - but in this case, many of its capabilities are unavailable to a legal entity. A simple signature only allows you to certify authorship without guarantees of authenticity and use part of government services. A qualified signature with full legal force opens a new path for a company of any level: this is an exit to international arena, and complete confidentiality of sent data, and significant savings on document flow. |
The issuance of qualified signatures is carried out by certification centers with certified equipment and software. Such organizations have extensive experience in the market and issue a digital signature in a matter of days. They take care of all the formalities, often requiring only two documents from the customer. Delivery and installation of digital signature is included free of charge. Package offers significantly reduce the price of a digital signature. The EDS issuance center in Moscow has been providing electronic keys for legal entities, while providing full information support to the client and guaranteeing low prices.
As you can see, obtaining and using an electronic signature is not difficult. But the possibilities it opens up are truly extensive. Legal entity with an established and frequently used digital signature - not just a company, but a developing enterprise that optimizes its work, reduces costs without sacrificing quality and opens up new areas of activity.
