How to know if your budgie loves you. Why do parrots reproduce human speech and do they understand what they are talking about Parrots understand what they are saying

For a long time it was believed that - no, that parrots simply mechanically repeat human words. However, such excellent command of the voice suggests that parrots have well-developed not only the muscles of the larynx and other vocal mechanics, but also the brain that controls them. And this is true: the brain of parrots is much more complex than that of most other birds, which allows them not only to perform the most complex cognitive tasks, but also to partially understand the meaning of the words they have been taught.

The extraordinary ingenuity of crows is well known and is associated with the peculiarities of the structure of their brain. However, corvids are not the only ones among birds who demonstrate advanced cognitive abilities. Herons and Galapagos finches can use tools, and mockingbirds recognize people by sight. But who exactly can compete with the corvids in mind and ingenuity is parrots. Their main trump card is the ability to speak, and the most "talkative" among them are Jaco, or gray African parrots, which can memorize up to a hundred words.

The fact that the speech of birds is not only imitation became clear after the research of the animal psychologist Irena Pepperberg, who worked at the University of Arizona, and later at Harvard and Brandeis Universities. The hero of her experiments was Jaco Alex, bought in a simple pet store at the age of about one year.

Experiments with it have shown that birds can analyze and reason at a basic level, creatively using words and short phrases of human speech. Pepperberg's work put parrots (in the person of Alex the Gray) on a par with dolphins and great apes. Alex's intellectual development reached the level of a five-year-old child, which, apparently, was not the limit.

The results accumulated by 1999 indicated that Alex could identify up to fifty various objects. He distinguished colors and shapes, and also understood what “more”, “less”, “the same”, “different”, “above” and “under” means. The vocabulary of the parrot was about 150 words, but the most remarkable thing is that he understood what he was talking about. For example, when Alex was shown an object and asked about its shape, color, or material, he gave correct answers. If the parrot was asked about the difference between two objects, he answered whether they are the same or different (“yes / no”) and what is the difference. Alex was able to perform simple mathematical calculations (he also knew and could name numbers). When one day Jaco got tired of the experiment, he said: "Wanna go back"("I want to leave"). If the experimenter was annoyed by something, Alex would say: "I'm sorry"("I apologize"). When the parrot was offered a nut, he affirmatively asked: “I want a banana” and, after waiting a bit, once again reminded of his request. When he was given a nut instead of a banana, he threw it at the man. There is no doubt about the reliability of the results: 80% of the bird's answers were logically correct. A few years later, Alex comprehended the concept of zero, and then it turned out that Jaco was able to perceive optical illusions. When teaching to read, Dr. Pepperberg taught the bird to recognize some letters, and as a result, Alex began to identify combination sounds when merging letters of the English alphabet, such as sh and or.

Of course, one can argue that these are all separate academic achievements. unique bird(whose career was interrupted by death), but the work of others research groups confirm the intellectual power of Jaco. So, ornithologists from the University of Vienna found that birds can draw logical conclusions by eliminating incorrect options, as well as combining non-obvious clues. For example, the Jacos guessed that there was food in the jar if the jar was shaken in front of them and they heard that something was making noise in it (they did not show its contents to the parrots). If the noise did not match the rhythm of the movements, the parrots understood that they were being cheated, and remained indifferent to the "wrong" noisy jar. In other words, they put together in their minds indirect signs indicating where food might be. A person acquires a similar skill only by the age of three.

Other "stars" of zoopsychology among parrots are Goffin's cockatoo. They, like the New Caledonian in about rons can create and modify tools, although parrots usually do not face such tasks. New Caledonian in about rons use "tools" both in nature and in captivity, as for the cockatoo, no one has seen such behavior in nature. However, in captivity, cockatoos quickly learn how to make a tool and how to use it later. In general, cockatoos (like, probably, other parrots) have a highly developed subject thinking, they understand the relationships between objects and can perform rather complex algorithms of actions. It was possible to demonstrate this in experiments when the birds had to dismantle a mechanical lock that prevented them from getting to food. Cockatoos turned out to be capable burglars: they easily dismantled the lock for spare parts, and freely varied the sequence of manipulations with the lock if its device changed.

The mental abilities of crows and parrots were specifically compared in identical experiments. According to preliminary data obtained by Zoya Alexandrovna Zorina and her colleagues from the Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Behavior at the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University, parrots learn well using the same methodology that is used in experiments on corvids. It is shown that birds successfully generalize the sign of similarity, and in terms of the dynamics of the formation of generalization they do not differ from crows. They showed the same ability to identify similarities by analogy in the structure of complex two-component stimuli. Such cognitive operations are one of the most complex manifestations of abstract thinking. Previously, it was believed that among animals they are available only to great apes, while from lower primates, the performance of such cognitive tasks requires lengthy training. It is worth emphasizing that experiments in this case were carried out with Venezuelan Amazons ( Amazona amazonica), that is, high intelligence is characteristic of various parrots, and not only such "stars" as the Jaco and Goffin's cockatoo.

The ability to generalize and abstract to one degree or another is found in most animals, starting with reptiles. However, only in higher vertebrates do the rudiments of abstract thinking appear, thanks to which crows and parrots are able to perform complex mental work, such as building analogies, assimilating symbols, operating with categories of material, number, color and shape. Obviously, birds can do all this for a reason, but because evolution has awarded them with a developed brain. We have already described the structural features of the corvid brain (see Science and Life, No. 10, 2014, article Corvus Sapiens?). Recall that the brain of birds is devoid of a cortex, but its cells are grouped into special neuroglial complexes assembled from neurons and auxiliary glial cells; in turn, neuroglial complexes form the structural and functional fields of the brain responsible for one or another aspect of nervous activity. If we do not go into details, we can say that in the course of evolution in birds, the neuroglial complexes were enlarged and, at the same time, the packaging of cellular elements inside them was improved. In addition, the relative position of the complexes relative to each other was optimized, so that the information was processed more and more efficiently, and the structural-functional fields worked better and better.

In the brain of birds, a zone called the Wulst formation is especially distinguished - it is one of the most evolutionarily young fields, and it is on it that the cognitive abilities of birds largely depend. The wulst zone is associated with complex forms of learning and memory (but of course it is not the only repository of bird intelligence). If we trace its formation in evolution, then we can build two parallel rows: in one, led by ravens, there will be owls, falcons, gulls, chickens, penguins and pigeons, in the other ducks with geese, woodpeckers, cranes, storks, shepherdesses, waders will fall - and parrots. It is easy to see that in both groups there are both "smart" and "stupid" birds. Moreover, birds with a highly developed rational activity- crows and parrots - are united by one criterion: they can imitate human speech. Indeed, although avian loquacity is associated mainly with parrots, corvids can also learn and pronounce words.

In the experiments of the German ornithologist E. Gwinner, “talking” crows were kept together, which “communicated” with each other by memorized words, using them in an adequate situation (“walk” - following a retreating partner or calling him to food). But still, corvids are not as skillful talkers as parrots. Talkativeness is a very convenient feature by which birds can be compared: on the one hand, onomatopoeia clearly correlates with the general level of intelligence, on the other hand, the tops of the aforementioned bird rows are occupied by species that possess this skill to varying degrees. (In fairness, we note that not only corvids and parrots can speak: ornithologist Aleksey Sergeevich Malchevsky discovered “talking” birds among canaries, gray flycatchers, and also among some other species that were not previously seen in “speaking”.)

The ability to imitate human speech (as, by the way, complex singing) means that the bird perfectly controls the muscles of the trachea, larynx and other elements of the vocal apparatus. By control, we understand the system of brain centers on which onomatopoeia is based. These centers include the caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum (HVC), the macrocellular nucleus in the rostral neostriatum (MAN), zone X in the middle neostriatum, and part of the archistriatum (RA). All of them have a system intercom and form descending tracts reaching the nuclei of the midbrain, which in turn are projected onto the motor nuclei that innervate the muscles of the trachea and larynx.

In our laboratory, we studied the difference in the structure of the brain of "talking" and "non-speaking" birds. Chosen from the corvidae team gray crow and a dove, and from a team of parrots - budgerigar and mallard duck. It turned out that in the vocal centers of birds capable of repeating words, there are more neuroglial complexes, that is, more progressive structural units are allocated for information processing. Among the vocal-speech zones, the main one can be distinguished - the caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum (HVC). Its structural components are more strongly related to each other; apparently, the HVC field performs the general management of the speech centers in birds.

In addition, the differences concerned the actual nerve cells. In birds, three main types of neurons can be distinguished: pyramidal (which serve as excitatory neurons), fusiform and stellate (both of them work as inhibitory neurons). Star neurons are more complex than the rest, as they have a large number of dendrites. If we compare the sections of HVC and MAN by stellate neurons, by the area of ​​their profile fields (a parameter that allows us to estimate the proportion of some structural element, for example, cells of a certain type or their cell complexes), then we will see that parrots overtake crows. Which, by the way, may be one of the reasons for the greater ability of parrots to speak.

Neuroanatomical studies show that the speech abilities of parrots are based on such structural features of the brain that are generally associated with more advanced intelligence. And it should not be surprising that the ability to reproduce human speech coincides with high cognitive abilities in general. Apparently, parrots really "think what they say" - at least to some extent, and not just mechanically repeat what they hear. So if your parrot, despite all your efforts, does not want to talk, this does not mean that he is stupid - perhaps he just does not want to waste time on you.

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Parrot- a popular pet today, but not as traditional as the same dogs or. Therefore, many who want to acquire such a satellite hesitate for a long time in indecision, because they do not know what the pros and cons of such a decision may be. In general, a parrot is a rather unpretentious bird, but at the same time not without character and emotions, it can bring both a portion of fun and a portion of problems to your apartment. Let's look at both sides of the coin in more detail.

Benefits of keeping a parrot. The lack of a pronounced smell in the apartment. This is a definite plus, since keeping any pet in an apartment always raises the question of the miasma that he will spread around the room. Even if you get a cat (especially if not one), you can’t do without a characteristic smell, not to mention dogs. Parrots are not smelly at all, so after acquiring it into the house, you can continue to safely invite guests.

No need to walk. Another undoubted plus is the absence of the need to dress up (this is especially problematic in our area in winter) and walk the pet on the street. Such walks take a lot of time, and they require correlation with the work schedule, which is not always convenient. The parrot will not give you such problems.

Long live and rarely get sick. Parrots really rarely get sick, so they are unlikely to need veterinary care. As for life expectancy, among birds, parrots really differ in their longevity. At the same time, their life expectancy directly depends on their size. So, although the budgerigar or silver parrot (the most common species pet) will be able to please you only for 12-15 years, which, you see, is also not a short life span for a pet, but your grandchildren will inherit a large cockatoo from you. And he will have excellent chances to become one day the oldest and most respected member of the family.

Parrots are individuals. Even small parrots have their own unique personality. Compared to other birds, these colorful birds have a rather tenacious mind. After living with a parrot for a while, you will find a lot of rather funny features in it. If you get the same cockatoo, you can count on a rather complex two-way communication that will give both of you a lot of fun.

Parrots delight the eye and warm the soul. At the end of the enumeration of the advantages of the parrot, it remains to be said that the parrot is really pleasing to the eye. Even the most inexpensive ones are very beautiful birds, and some of the more expensive breeds look simply chic and can become the most luxurious element of the entire interior of your home. And the already mentioned personality and cheerful disposition of the bird makes it an excellent companion, and sometimes an interlocutor.

Disadvantages of parrots. Parrots are noisy. That's really what you can't blame them for, so in the absence of a voice. Each of them considers it his duty to wake you up at dawn, otherwise why are you still in bed when it's time to start a new day? At sunset, they also like to shout a little. Yes, and in the middle of the day they may decide to utter a long monologue, obviously practicing for a performance in the theater. If you are a big fan of silence, then the parrot may not the best choice For you. On the other hand, all parrot owners claim that after a couple of years of cohabitation with a talkative bird, its cries simply cease to be recorded by the brain and begin to be ignored by them, like white noise. In addition, the good old ways have not gone away to "shut up" a raging bird by covering its cage with a large blanket and giving it a "night".

Dangerous for allergy sufferers. Droppings, feathers, fine dust - all this can cause this, generally harmless bird. In any case, you will need to remember to regularly clean the parrot's cage from droppings. Also, sometimes a parrot offended by you can scatter its food over it in protest. You'll have to be patient. However, from parrots you can pick up a wide variety of very unpleasant diseases with which our immunity is not used to working at all, and you need to be prepared for this.

Minor household pest. Parrots are smart enough to be very inquisitive and curious, but not smart enough to understand what can be plucked with their strong beak and what is forbidden. Counting losses, allowing a parrot to fly around the rooms unattended, will have to be done regularly. You never know what exactly will seem entertaining to a curious bird, and to the insides of which box it will try to get, armed with a beak. Well, about the food and litter scattered around the cage has already been mentioned.

Parrots need attention. If it seems to the bird that you have not paid attention to it for a long time, it will begin to demand it in the most insistent way. She will not let you sit quietly at the computer or watch the match on TV. Her cries will be persistent and piercing, until you pay attention to her and play with your pet. What to do, even an animal needs to know that someone needs it and is loved by someone.

bites. They are quite painful and even dangerous. You need to think about this before buying a bird as a gift for a small child. It will take time to make friends with a newly bought parrot. The bird bites only in self-defense, so this is not a manifestation of pugnacity, but simply a protective reflex. You need to be patient and continue to "make contact."

Don't forget also that the cell parrot he needs as much space as possible, he should not constantly sit on the perch. The larger the parrot, the larger should be its habitat. And this cage, from time to time, you will have to "attach" to neighbors or relatives, for those periods when you need to be away on a business trip or on vacation. Well, of course, from time to time you will need to let him go for a walk around the apartment, carefully closing all the windows and vents, and picking up a cunningly licking cat.

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It's a very exciting moment when your beloved little parrot says his first word, especially if it's your name. Some parrots are able to memorize a prayer or a poem. But you are interested when you hear a parrot reciting poetry, does he understand what he is saying?

Maybe he's just mindlessly imitating words? Or are parrots smarter and smarter than we think? According to research by Irene Pepperberg, parrots are capable of more than just imitation.

Interesting fact: parrots in wild nature learn to communicate with each other, imitating the cries of adult birds.

Do parrots understand what they are saying?

Then the behavior of domestic parrots becomes clear, receiving a reward for repeating the words that their owners pronounce. To speak the truth does not mean to understand. To find out how well a parrot understands what it says, Pepperberg set up an experiment at Northwestern University. In 1977, for this purpose, she bought Alex, a gray African parrot in a pet store (these parrots speak better than others). At first, Alex was friendly, like his other gray relatives. Then it turned out that this is a very intelligent bird.

Experiments with a parrot

Alex is sitting on the perch, and the experimenter shows him the key on the tray. "Key," the parrot says, and Pepperberg gives him the key. Unlike a pet parrot, Alex receives a reward only if he correctly names what is shown to him. Having named the key correctly, he immediately receives it. “In the beginning,” says Pepperberg, “no one believed that a parrot could name things correctly. But now Alex is able to correctly name 100 items: from a sheet of paper to a grain and a cork.”

Having learned to name objects correctly, Alex got a new task. Now he had to not just name the object, but give it a definition, for example, not just a key, but a blue key. Alex quickly learned to distinguish colors. If he was shown two keys - red and green, and asked: “What is the same here, and what is different?”, Then the parrot joyfully shouted in response: “Color!” Alex knows how to answer the same question: “Form” and “Material”. Pepperberg says that the parrot has certain difficulties with the word material, he pronounces it in abbreviated form: “Matter”.

The years of apprenticeship passed, and Alex got tired of the tricks of the experimenter. For example, he will name the key, and then, taking it in his beak, he will throw it on the floor. When he is often shown a subject he knows well, Alex may ask for something new. When, say, he is shown too many keys, he can be capricious and say: “I want a cork!” And they give it to him.

Interesting fact: parrot Alex knows the names of 100 items.

A curious bird may demand: “No, you tell me what it is!” If some new object is shown to her on a tray. When Alex is asked about the color of an unfamiliar object, the bird can put on a whole show trying to get hold of a new toy.

In order for Alex to feel happy learning to name objects, Pepperberg and her staff had to buy up almost every colored trinket in the children's store. True, sometimes Alex has difficult days when he is not in the mood.

On days like this, he can sometimes yell “No” all the time, like a cranky two-year-old. When he wants to show who is the boss in the house, he loudly announces: "I'm leaving!" and escapes from the hands of an unfortunate student who wants to test him.

Some believe that Pepperberg's experiments do not prove that parrots can meaningfully use human language. "After all," they say, "Alex can't tell what he just saw until he's been rewarded." Pepperberg argues that although of course Alex does not use language in the conventional sense of the word, he does use words to express ideas.

She believes that quite complex thought processes can take place in the parrot's brain. At the end of another story. Alex knew how to name a banana, a cherry and a grape. One day he was shown an apple. Alex said: “I want bangrad!”, Combining a banana and a grape in one word. He came up with a name for a strange yellow-green fruit.

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When you decided to get a parrot, you, of course, dreamed of how he would delight you with his funny remarks and singing. But hopes are not always justified easily and quickly. Some parrots, having lived in the house for many years, never begin to speak.

In fact, in order to teach a parrot to talk, you need to make a lot of effort, and this process can take many months. It is necessary to initially completely tame a feathered friend, and only then teach him to speak.
The most important thing when taming a parrot (however, like any other pet) is don't force things. Give the bird time to get used to the new surroundings, get to know the family members and feel like a part of it.

Do parrots understand what they are saying?

The short answer is they may or may not understand.

The fact is that understanding human language and the ability to reproduce it are two completely different skills. For example, monkeys and dogs can partly do the former, but not the latter. Parrots are also smart and able to understand the meanings of individual human words. On the other hand, they may repeat entire phrases without realizing what it all means.

It is possible to connect the understanding of words with speech only by painstaking training. How meaningful the parrot will speak depends on its owner. Situational repetition of words and phrases will teach the parrot not only to repeat sounds, but also to give them meaning. Breeders claim that some birds can not only ask for treats and name objects, but even ask questions to get an answer. Of course, you should not expect that a feathered friend will be able to keep up the conversation, but at a primitive level, a parrot is quite capable of communicating.

The Indian necklace parrot is one of the best at learning human language.

How to deal with a parrot correctly?

1. The easiest way to achieve results is by raising a bird with early age and keeping it isolated from other birds.

2. Studying proccess spend lonely: The presence of other people and animals will distract the bird.

3. Birds love talking the most at dusk or morning, and this best time for learning.

4. Classes are best done every day at the same time. But don't ignore your pet the rest of the day. Every time you pass by the cage, say hello to him.

5. At the beginning of training, choose simple parrot words, in which there are vowels "a" and "o", as well as consonants: "k", "p", "p", "t".

6. Speak slowly, clearly and loudly enough to be easily heard.

Exactly budgie listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the best talker. The record holder knew 1728 words and was able to build meaningful phrases himself.

7. Train your bird situationally. For example, during feeding, repeat several times: "Kesha wants to eat." And when scratching a parrot, say: “tickle”. Then the bird will understand that it hears not abstract sounds, but something meaningful, and will try to repeat. Your pet is smart enough to form an association between food and the word "eat". Name your bird's favorite treats and toys, come up with short, understandable commands. A parrot can not only talk pointlessly, but also fully communicate!

8. Repetition is the mother of learning. The more you repeat, the will be more successful studies. But don't forget situational learning.

9. Teach a parrot as you would teach a child, but do not overload with new and complex words. Move forward gradually, adding new things as you remember the old.

10. Keep talking to your parrot, even if he doesn't seem to understand. Most birds learn slowly.

Is it possible to teach an adult or an old parrot to speak?

And talk, and fly, and show "tricks"! Most animals (like humans) have an optimal age for learning speech and new skills. But just like humans, they never stop learning. With age, the pace of learning slows down, but not critically. Much also depends on the personal characteristics of the bird.
At the same time, it is worth considering that young birds are still the most trainable.

Most keep cats or dogs at home. Parrots, especially large ones, are still considered exotic, despite the fact that caring for them is much easier, and they bring no less joy. Our family decided to get a large parrot, as we had heard a lot about their intellectual abilities and already had experience in keeping birds - budgerigars. Since then, for nine years now, our Eve of the noble parrot breed, or eclectus, has pleased us with her company.

A parrot as a pet has many advantages.

1. Parrots don't have hair

Instead of hair, like dogs or cats, parrots have "powder". These are the smallest horny particles of down feathers, which resemble talc in properties and are needed in order to repel water if the bird gets wet. But certain types of parrots (eclectus are one of them) do not produce any powder, but have sebaceous glands. Such birds are suitable even for those whose feathers cause allergies.

In addition, parrots are not as odorous as other animals. A healthy, well-groomed bird smells like honey or a sun-dried feather pillow.

2. Parrots can learn to talk

Parrots are great imitators. They are able to reproduce the buzz of a washing machine, the ringtone of a telephone, the sound of a doorbell. If you show patience and engage with the bird, she will learn not only to pronounce individual words and phrases, but also to repeat sentences in desired sequence. Our parrot, for example, knows how to tell a fairy tale about Chicken Ryaba and laughs very contagiously.

The talkativeness of a parrot largely depends on its type. The first place is rightfully occupied by gray African Jaco parrots, followed by Amazons. Cockatiels and budgerigars can also learn to pronounce up to a hundred or more words.

In order for a parrot to learn to talk, it is better to keep it alone, without other birds, so that there is a lack of communication that will encourage the bird to make contact. The secret of training is simple: you need to practice regularly, pronounce words emotionally and do not forget to praise and cheer your pet up with his favorite treats. Sometimes the best reward for a bird is to scratch the top of its head against its feathers.

3. Differ in mind and ingenuity

The Jaco, or African gray parrot, is rightfully considered the most capable. This species can even analyze and reason logically at a basic level. Alex the parrot (Avian Learning EXperience), one of the representatives of this breed, was specially selected for the experiment by Dr. Irene Pepperberg. The psychologist set out to prove that parrots are able not only to imitate sounds, but also to make informed decisions.

Jaco could identify up to 50 different objects and describe their colors, shapes and materials. Alex had the ability to be aware of more, less, same, different, above, and below. His vocabulary was about 150 words, but his main feature was not even in it.

The parrot was able to understand what he was saying, could ask a question, make a request and ask again if he was not given the promise, or even complain of fatigue.

Alex reached the intellectual level of a five-year-old and the emotional level of a two-year-old, and, according to the researcher, this was not the limit. Alex died at the age of 31. The last words he said to the hostess: “Be good. See you tomorrow. I love you".

4 Parrots Are Social Animals

Parrots, like people, are very fond of communication and try to avoid loneliness. If you deprive a bird of company, it may develop depression, which can lead to self-plucking syndrome. That is, stress forces the bird to pluck its feathers.

At the same time, parrots are able to occupy themselves, for example, with the help of mirrors and baby rattles, and do not require much attention. When you go to work or are busy with business, a feathered friend can be placed in a cage.

If a parrot is brought up, it can be no less affectionate and loving than a dog or cat. There are many examples when birds miss their owners and cannot even imagine their existence without their own family. Yes, and our parrot is no exception: Eva is always sad when we go on vacation, and rejoices at our return.

5. Easy to maintain

After the parrot, you need to clean up feathers and droppings. Daily cleaning of the cage is much easier than endless cleaning of the tray and hourly walks on the street. In order for the parrot to be healthy, it is enough to bathe it once a week and cut its claws in a timely manner. The birds themselves monitor the cleanliness of feathers, regularly putting themselves in order.

Providing a balanced diet is also easy. In addition to high-quality purchased feed, the bird's diet should include fresh fruits and vegetables (except avocados). Some parrots, especially large ones, benefit from sprouted grains: wheat, buckwheat, oats, mung bean.

For our family, feeding a parrot became an incentive to start sprouting: sprouts are also useful for humans, because they contain minerals, vitamins and enzymes.

6. Take up little space

A cage with a parrot can be placed on a table, on a nightstand, on a stool, or even hung. The bird does not take up much space and can become the best choice for those looking to save money.

7. Give aesthetic pleasure

A parrot gives your home or room a special touch. Their appearance is very attractive, and the funny manner of play and communication not only allows you to admire the pet, but also helps to reduce stress. If the bird is tame, you can always offer your guests a photo as a pirate. Or even dance with a parrot.

If you decide to buy a parrot, get it from experienced breeders. When buying a large parrot, ask for a bird passport.

Parrots brought from other countries can be psychologically and physically traumatized, and it may not be so easy to tame them and find them with them mutual language. In addition, hand-fed chicks perceive a person in a completely different way and, as a result, consider themselves a full-fledged part of the family flock.

A parrot can become your real companion and friend, but you should not buy an exotic animal just for beauty. A beautiful “toy” will quickly get bored, and large parrots live for 30 years or more. Like others, birds require attention, love and affection, and in return they give their owners a lot of positive emotions.

Why do you make a choice in favor of birds? Share in the comments.