Goat breeding as a business. What parameters does goat breeding as a business depend on: profitability. Signs of a good goat

Breeding goats on your own backyard is becoming increasingly popular among the population. These animals in subsidiary plot- it’s always fresh milk, delicious kefir, snow-white and fluffy butter.

This is a fairly inexpensive and cost-effective way to have fresh milk on the dinner table every day, which is equal in value to mother’s milk. There are many examples where mothers, in the absence of their own milk, fed their children goat milk, rich in mineral salts. Most people's opinion about its bad taste and specific smell is wrong. The fat content, which can be stored for a long time even without refrigeration, is higher than cow fat and is 4-6%. A significant content of biologically active potassium has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system and promotes rejuvenation of the body.

Kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, cheese, butter - homemade products that will always be a useful addition to the family’s usual diet. Raising goats on your own backyard as a business, in addition to side income from the sale of dairy products, brings satisfaction and joy when communicating with these friendly, loyal animals.

How to choose the right goat?

To do this, you just need to be able to choose the right goat, guided by criteria such as body type, age and purpose of keeping the pet. If a goat is required on the farm to produce dairy products, then the choice should be a dairy breed (Saanen, Nubian, Alpine, Toggenburg). Upon examination special attention it is required to pay attention to the animal’s udder; it should be pear-shaped, voluminous and soft to the touch.

Short teats cause inconvenience when milking, so in this case the choice of a pet should be continued. The main advantage of dairy goats is their high milk yield (about 3 liters of milk per day).

Breeding goats on a personal farmstead for the production and sale of meat can also be a very profitable business, in which it is advisable to choose meat breeds: Greek, Burg, Kiko. Meat from them high quality and tastes like veal.

A goat can also be kept to obtain wool and fluff (a special type of wool raw material that has no analogues in quality and technological properties). In this case, the most suitable breeds are Angora, Orenburg, Gorno-Altai, from whose soft wool the popular mohair is produced. Compared to other breeds, these goats produce less milk: only 0.5-1 liter per day.

A by-product of keeping goats is manure - high quality from household plots and greenhouses.

The optimal choice would be local breeds that are best suited to the climate of your region. Moreover, popular breeds without proper care and high-quality food may not meet the corresponding productivity indicators.

Signs of a good goat

A good goat should have a wide chest, healthy bones, and straight legs. It is worth paying attention to the jaws. They should fit tightly together. Otherwise, the animal will not be able to grab food with its teeth and bite grass, which will negatively affect its productivity.

When purchasing young goats, you should pay attention to the milk yield of their mother. It is advisable to take a winter brood, because it is stronger and more resilient. Animals must be selected that are active, with clear eyes, shiny fur, and even and symmetrical horns (if any). The shape of the hind legs should be in the form of the letter “P”, not “X”. If possible, it is worth watching the goats run. Those who lag behind and often lie down are not worth taking.

Goat farming is an economically profitable activity

Raising goats on your own backyard is a very convenient and low-cost option. home business. These animals are unpretentious and optimally adapt to various living conditions. Their valuable biological feature is early sexual maturity; one goat usually gives birth to one or two (sometimes three) babies. Grown-up young animals can be used for meat, which is tasty and lean, it is very important not to overcook it, because an adult goat from 1.5 years of age emits

Setting up a room for goats

Goats on a personal farmstead are undemanding animals, so they can be bred in almost all areas and, unlike large cattle even kept in small farmsteads with small outbuildings.

The premises for keeping animals must be with access to fresh air, warm, dry and clean, equipped with a manger for hay and a feeding trough located under them. food waste. An important condition is the presence of bedding on the floor; it could be straw, sawdust, leaves. Goats love freedom, so it is advisable to keep them in stalls without a leash. The goat should be kept in a separate room (with a fence installed to prevent the milk from acquiring a specific unpleasant odor).

Breeding goats on your own backyard: feeding

For feeding goats, the optimal food is fresh grass, which is also the cheapest food, due to which there is a significant increase in milk yield. Therefore, in the summer, animals must be taken out to pasture, where they independently obtain their own food. IN evening time they should be fed with root vegetables, potatoes, vegetables, grains, and pre-prepared branches from bushes or coniferous trees.

When making hay, it is not recommended to use herbs that impart bitterness and odor to milk (tansy, chamomile, horsetail, wormwood and mustard). As additional food, animals are given dried brooms from branches of trees and shrubs; it is useful to feed them pine needles during the cold period. As a drink, mashes are made, which significantly increase milk yield, for the preparation of which kitchen waste, dried bread remains, beetroot, carrot peelings, steamed oats or bran are mixed with warm water.

In winter, goats need to be walked to increase their appetite and reduce the risk of hoof disease.

Goats should always have water available and at room temperature. It is recommended to add lick salt to the feeder; if it is not available, the swill just needs to be salted.

We raise goats on our own yard

It is advisable for goats to have offspring in early spring. The kids born during this period are the most developed and strong. For this purpose, mating must be carried out in September-October. Goats can be born when they reach 1.5 years of age; Mating is allowed from the age of 7 months, very preferably with an unrelated goat to obtain high-quality non-hybrid offspring. The mass litter is mainly observed in March. Usually by autumn the kids are already well developed. Females are sold to other farms or kept as replacements for old queens; male goats are sold for meat or raised to replace the breeding goat. To avoid inbreeding, it is preferable to exchange young stock with other farmers.

In the first days, newborn goats should be fed colostrum, then for a month they should be fed 4 times a day with liquid oatmeal or semolina porridge (with milk), followed by a transition to three meals a day.

Gradually, babies should be accustomed to mixed feed, hay and leaves; this causes faster development of the stomach.

7-9 years is the average duration of use of a goat in a personal yard.
Breeding goats on a personal farmstead is economically profitable due to the lack of high costs and the peaceful nature of these clean and friendly animals.

The naturalness of products is very highly valued nowadays. People are willing to overpay for village milk, cheese, meat, and vegetables. Products made from goat's milk are especially popular; these products strengthen the body and help with lung disease. Therefore, in recent years, goat breeding as a business has been gaining momentum.

In addition to milk, you can sell goat hair and meat, as well as sell processed milk to beauty salons and breed offspring . Animal breeding is considered one of the most promising areas of modern business.

Register as individual entrepreneur you need with activity codes - goat breeding, sale of dairy products, meat.

Rent or purchase of land for building a farm and raising goats, obtaining a cadastral passport and a certificate from the BTI. Next, you need to obtain permission from Rospotrebnadzor to operate the farm and a conclusion from the environmental and fire inspection.

Next, you need to study the area where the livestock is planned to be raised. It is ideal to rent land for grazing and several buildings for stables; after the collapsed collective and state farms, this will not be so difficult to do.

Choosing a site for a farm

An important factor in choosing a location for a farm is the availability of fertile land on which the goats will feed. If there are buildings on the leased land, it will be possible to save on the construction of goat stalls. However, it is necessary to equip the room so that it is dry and warm at any time of the year (you may have to build a mini-boiler room).

The premises must be equipped with a place for milk processing, warehouse under the stern. The stall itself should be divided into milking goats, young animals and a maternity ward. On average, one animal requires five square meters for its comfortable living. The floor should be covered with hay or straw, which is changed periodically. Each goat should have its own feeder and drinker. It is advisable to keep animals free-range, without a leash.

Remember: with proper care in winter, goats produce milk yield no lower than in summer.

Equipment for receiving and processing products

To obtain milk, it will be necessary to purchase equipment for milking animals. At the same time, there is no need to overpay for foreign devices; you can remake Russian machines for milking cows (since goats only need two suction cups).

Also, if you plan to sell sour cream, cream and butter, you will need separators. For a small farm, 1-2 household separators are enough. There are manual and electric models of separators; it is advisable to have both. The first one will save you in case of a power outage, and the second one will significantly speed up the process.

What to feed goats?

The daily summer diet of goats should include: hay, fresh grass, silage. It is necessary to water the animals twice a day; in the summer, it is necessary to carefully monitor the watering of the goats and, if necessary, fill them with water.

In winter, the main food for goats is hay, as well as summer harvesting of succulent tree branches. Animals can get the necessary vitamins from corn and beets. Also sometimes chalk and table salt are used as vitamins (no more than 15 grams per goat). Pregnant animals should be given plenty of grains and beans, and should only be given warm water to drink.

According to average estimates, one animal eats up to two kilograms of hay per day, remember this when preparing hay for the winter.

Remember: to examine and treat animals you will need a professional veterinarian, take care of this in advance!

Animals need to be fed according to a given schedule so that the goats do not experience stress and milk yield does not decrease

Products sold

The main selling point will be dairy products: milk, cottage cheese, cream, butter. The amount of production depends on the breed of animals, their nutrition and the number of heads. Ordinary Russian goat breeds produce two liters of milk per day, and the milk yield of the Saanen goat reaches six liters. However, the price of these breeds differs by four to five times. A Russian goat costs on average five to seven thousand rubles, while the price of a Saanen goat reaches forty thousand rubles.

The price for a liter of goat milk ranges from one hundred to one hundred and fifty rubles, and all thanks to the healing properties of the drink. It is believed that goat milk is similar in properties to breast milk and can even replace it (consultation with a doctor is required). Goat milk is used to treat the stomach, lungs, bone tissue and much more.

Sale of goat down and skins. Goat down is purchased by factories for yarn and filling blankets and pillows. The average price per kilogram of fluff is one thousand rubles. Goatskin meter by meter in size costs about two and a half thousand rubles.

The price of a liter of sour cream is five hundred rubles (a liter of sour cream takes five liters of milk). A kilogram of cottage cheese costs within the same range - five hundred to six hundred rubles. Cheese is estimated at seven hundred to nine hundred rubles per kilo. Goat meat usually costs five hundred to six hundred rubles per kilogram.

You can sell products yourself or through intermediaries by concluding a supply agreement. Large farmers usually have access to several distribution points (shops, tents, enterprises).

Note: whey is very popular in beauty salons, so the waste can also be sold!

Selling directly young animals is an even more profitable process, because two-month-old goats can reach a price of up to five thousand rubles (Saanen breed). Most farmers make decent profits from breeding and selling offspring. However, this requires a large area for pasture and stalls, as well as serious expenses for food procurement.

Farm expenses and income

Table 1.1.

Farm expenses per year

Ten heads of goats a year bring from eight hundred thousand to a million rubles (the sale of young animals is not taken into account). However, for this it is necessary to establish a continuous supply of products to stores and enterprises. The costs of starting a goat breeding business in this case will pay off in about a year and a half.

In general, the goat breeding business, like other types of farming, is on the rise and is therefore promising at the present time.

Goat's milk is an amazing drink, it contains so many beneficial substances that it can be called the elixir of life.

Goat's milk is healthier than all other types of this product - it is easily digestible and does not cause stomach upset, and due to the fact that it contains virtually no alpha-1s-casein, it is considered hypoallergenic.

Goat milk contains a large amount of cobalt, which is part of vitamin B12, which controls and normalizes metabolic processes and is also involved in hematopoiesis. Due to this, drinking goat milk helps improve digestion, strengthens the immune system and protects against diseases such as anemia.

In addition, goat milk contains choline, lecithin, albumin, globulin and biotin. These biologically active substances help improve complexion, slow down skin aging and make it more elastic. The advantages of a business built on goat milk are obvious: high market price, low competition, relatively cheap farm organization.

Raising goats for meat is considered a less profitable area, although goat meat is considered the most valuable meat product. After all, it contains many nutrients and important microelements. Due to its rapid digestion, this product can be consumed at any age.

Goat meat is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, amino acids and contains a minimum of cholesterol.

Goat meat is easily and quickly absorbed by the body and is useful for people with heart disease, blood vessels and atherosclerosis. This product also has a beneficial effect on the immune system, increasing the protective functions of cells.

Goat meat is also useful for people with spinal problems and helps restore connective tissue. The introduction of goat meat into the diet for a hernia can improve your well-being.

Regular consumption of goat meat has a beneficial effect on the liver and reduces the risk of liver diseases, helps prevent liver diseases due to chronic alcoholism and hepatitis.

From all this we can conclude that a properly drawn up business plan, a goat farm built on the production of goat milk and meat, will generate income.

Goat farming as a business

Until 2015, there were no official statistics on the goat milk market in Russia, and the Ministry of Agriculture counted the number of goats and sheep together (the total number of goats and sheep in the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2014 was 23.9 million heads, according to the Ministry). The difficulties are primarily due to the fact that this business is concentrated mainly in individual farms (90%) and is not always quantifiable. Goat milk consumption in Russia is also extremely low - there are no similar traditions. There are approximately 100 goat farms in Russia, the number of goats varies from 50 goats to three thousand. The total number of goats in the Russian Federation is about 2 million, according to Soyuzmoloko. The largest number of goats are bred in the Republics of Tyva, Dagestan, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, Volgograd, Orenburg, Rostov regions and in the Altai Territory. Agricultural organizations produced approximately 5.9 thousand tons of goat milk in 2014.

Russia remains one of the few countries in the world where there is not a single meat breed goats At the same time, according to statistics, in Russia there are about 1 million goats bred for goat meat. These are mainly outbred animals of wool and coarse-haired breeds. There is no high-quality goat “gene pool” in Russia. The breeding base of the industry is very weak and is currently represented by only three breeding reproducers for breeding goats of the Saanen breed: Lukoz LLC (Mari El), Prinevskoye CJSC ( Leningrad region), peasant farm "Rus-1" (Stavropol Territory) and one gene pool farm of the State Scientific Institution SNIIZhK (Stavropol) with a total number of no more than 3 thousand heads.

Production of lamb and goat meat in Russian agricultural organizations in January-February 2016 amounted to 1.32 thousand tons in slaughter weight (2.9 thousand tons in live weight) - this is by 14.5% (by 0.23 thousand tons in slaughter weight) is less than what was produced in January-February 2015.

With the beginning of subsidies for goat breeding, in many regions, small farms, specializing in the production of goat milk and cheese. However, large dairy enterprises are not yet interested in goat milk.

Goat milk is extremely rare in the assortment of modern supermarkets. And in the markets where farmers bring their products and villagers, it costs several times more than cow's milk. And this can be explained simply - from the position beneficial properties Goat milk has almost no competitors. It contains much more vitamins and microelements than cow milk. It does not act as a causative agent of allergic reactions. Plus it is also perfectly absorbed by the body. All in all, a wonderful product.

Due to the peculiarities of production and limited distribution area, goat milk, unfortunately, has become a rare guest in the diet modern man. And many, having tried a low-quality product once, are afraid to buy it again. To protect yourself from disappointment and enjoy delicious goat milk, you need to buy it only from trusted manufacturers and be sure to check its freshness.

The state program for subsidizing goat farming in many Russian regions should stimulate farmers and serve as an impetus for organizing goat farms that will directly specialize in the production of goat milk and cheeses. This will make it possible to profitably set up a business for breeding goats and producing goat milk. Quite recently there was no market for goat milk, but now demand significantly exceeds supply. Despite the very high demand rate, the supply is very small. This is due to the fact that in Russia there are very few large goat farms that produce products in large volumes. Therefore, the need has long been ripe for the creation of large specialized goat breeding complexes from farms and mini-factories specializing in the production baby food based on goat milk.

For successful goat farming in Russia there are all the conditions and prerequisites, and the need and prospects of this industry agriculture have been known for a long time.

The total daily demand for goat milk in Russia reaches 50 thousand tons. Today, the domestic industry does not produce as much goat milk and does not cover the needs of the Russian population for it. Even import supplies are only enough for 8%.

If goat milk consumption increases to 1 liter per capita per year, then production volumes will increase to 140 thousand tons per year. Thus, the market prospects are quite good - domestic market goat milk can increase 20 times or more.

Based on the market analysis, the production segment of goat milk and meat in Russia, including the Tambov region, has sufficient capacity, which indicates a high demand for the products planned for production in peasant farms, and also opens up potential prospects for increasing the number and production of goat milk and meat on the farm.

The main aspect of profitability in goat breeding will be a well-written business plan.

*based on materials from "Tambov RICC AIC"

Milk is the most popular food product among people of all ages. The modern consumer prefers to buy an environmentally friendly product. Therefore, a goat farm would be a good option for setting up a dairy business.

But, before starting to set up such a farm, it is necessary to create a business plan that will consider all the nuances of the work. And also, you need to weigh all the pros and cons of farming, which will be discussed in the article.

Breed selection

In order for goat breeding to bring a stable income, it is necessary to pay attention to the breeds that are the most profitable. Exists four main directions, in which the goat breeds are collected:

• Meat,
• Dairy,
• Downy,
• Woolen.

Experienced farmers advise beginners to pay attention to dairy farming. Downy and woolly goats may be of interest to an inexperienced owner as an additional opportunity to earn money, however, the cost of grooming and regular combing is required at first more investment rather than generating income.

The best way to start goat farming suitable for dairy breeds. The Saanen breed is considered the most profitable, as well as the Megrelian. The cost of the first one is quite high. Domestic farmers developed on the basis of this breed new look- Russian white. She is perfect for farm.

In order for goat breeding to have a stable increase in the number of livestock, it is necessary to focus on one breed. Combining breeds is unprofitable at first.

Russian white goat known for its unpretentiousness and gentle temperament, which is exactly what is required for initial stages farming activities. The white breed is also famous for its high milk yield and quality of milk, which is also important.

The formation of a goat farm should be approached carefully.

Young animals are best purchased on specialized farms. Secondary farms also have a good breeding base, however, it is best to form high-quality livestock by turning to professionals.

You should be careful when choosing a breeding goat. This is the basis of the future livestock, so it is better not to save on buying a male.

Preparing the area and premises

Before buying kids, you need to arrange the territory and premises, in which the livestock will live.

For goat breeding as a business, rural areas are best suited. It is also convenient to set up a farm on summer cottage, if the territory allows the goats to have a spacious existence.

The plot for the farm must have a minimum 10 acres of land. Also, it is necessary to take care of the living quarters for the farmer, since 24-hour presence of a person in such a farm is mandatory. This is especially true during the growth period of young animals, when feeding is frequent and hourly.

It would be optimal if there is an agricultural facility nearby the farm where you can purchase cheap food base in winter.

Natural pastures and meadows are also prerequisite farm construction. Grazing is the key good health livestock, as well as a source of food for goats in the form of fresh vegetation.

On the farm territory it is necessary to equip not only stalls, but also fenced paddocks. You should also insulate the living quarters for animals and take care of the ventilation of the stall.

The goat farming business plan includes high costs for the arrangement of the territory and premises. However, it is necessary to abandon the option where such expenses take up half of the starting capital.

Premises for keeping goats should be spacious. Males are usually kept separately from females. Also, if the territory allows, the division of livestock according to age is practiced. Up to 15 adult goats can be kept in a 20 square meter shed.

The premises must be well ventilated. All stationary equipment should be made from natural materials. You should also choose inexpensive and natural bedding - straw or sawdust.

The room should be well ventilated, however, drafts must be avoided. You should also take care of insulating the farm in winter. Styrofoam is perfect for this purpose.

Temperature in the barn should be comfortable, and winter time do not fall below +8 degrees. The floor in the barn must be built with a slope and lined with hay. The bazok must be periodically whitened, and all feeders must be thoroughly disinfected. To wash drinkers and feeders, use water and soda.

Constantly being in a barn has a negative impact on the quality of products, so it is necessary to arrange a range for goats on the farm territory. During the cold season, goats are released during the day for two hours. During the warm season, walks can be carried out for six hours.

The pen must be fenced off with a net. Each goat is provided with a separate feeder, which should be fenced off from its neighbors.

Feeding

Since the goat farm involves business on goat milk, then livestock feeding is the most important part of a business plan. The taste of milk and, accordingly, its further sales depend on the quality of feed.

For feeding, you should use high-quality feed. In the summer, you need to arrange a grass area for grazing, and for the winter, you need to stock up on fresh green food and hay. Grass and rags are best suited for this.

Goats drink only clean and warm water. Animals need to be given water twice a day. Drinkers should always be cleaned to prevent the spread of infections. The same goes for feeders. Spoiled feed can harm livestock.

For feeding use:

• Juicy feed,
• rude,
• Concentrated.

Many farmers practice watering goats with herbal infusions. Such a drink not only saturates the body with vitamins, but also improves the quality of milk. It is also necessary to provide the goats with a sufficient amount of lick salt.

IN winter period The goat's diet consists of branches, straw, bran, cake, hay, as well as grains and mixed feed. As a mineral supplement, goats are given bone meal, salt and chalk.

Breeding

Mating in goats occurs twice a year. The first period occurs in autumn, the second occurs in spring.

Best way to breed goats in the autumn, since by the beginning of spring grazing the kids will have already become stronger and will be able to graze next to the adults. The warm season provides young animals with high-quality green feed, which has a positive effect on their growth and the formation of immunity. Goat kids must be raised in separate rooms from adults.

It is also necessary to keep milking females separately so that the milk does not absorb unpleasant odors.

A better option for beginning farmers with the purchase of ready-made young animals, instead of raising replacement stock. It is best to start with a quantity of no more than 40 pieces. Over time, the number of livestock can be increased by using our own replacement young stock.

When breeding, it is necessary to take into account that inbreeding among goats (inbreeding) leads to deterioration of the livestock, therefore, when purchasing more than twenty goats, you must purchase at least two stud goats.

The goat milk business generates about 75% income through the sale of milk. It is necessary to prepare in advance points of sale of products. It is best to enter into direct contracts with buyers. Shops and supermarkets willingly agree to sell eco-products - milk and meat, so there should be no problems with sales.

The remaining 25% of income comes from the sale of young animals, however, before this is possible, the beginning farmer needs to build his own livestock.

Optimal farm size to obtain stable income is about a hundred heads.

A private farm of 20 goats begins to pay for itself in two years. The profitability of goat farming as a business ranges from 20 to 45%.

Advantages and Disadvantages

A goat farm business plan has both prospects and drawbacks. Therefore, before starting goat breeding, a novice farmer needs to weigh all the pros and cons of such a business.

Among the advantages can be noted:

• The high cost of products produced on the farm and the demand for eco-products. This applies to milk, meat, as well as fluff and wool;
• Simplicity in content. Goats are unpretentious animals, so a novice farmer should not have any problems;
• Niche freedom. At in great demand There are still a small number of goat farms producing goat milk;
• Relatively high profitability farms.

So is it profitable to keep a goat? Goat farm is profitable investment capital, however, requires some time before it begins to make a profit. It is necessary to carefully prepare and provide for all the nuances so that the money invested is not wasted.

Some tips for a novice farmer:

Goat farming is profitable business, however, at first it requires large expenses. If you decide to start a dairy business, be prepared that at first it will bring minimal income. And only with great persistence of the farmer will the goat farm be profitable.

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