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Large birds of the Kuban. Migratory birds of the Kuban. Bird resettlement in Kuban

Yana Vasilyeva
Summary of ecology lesson “Birds of Kuban”

Ecology lesson notes on the topic"Birds of Kuban"

Target:

1. Clarify and expand children’s ideas about birds of our region, about the features of appearance, habits birds, adapting them to their environment. Learn to find signs of similarities and differences.

2. Foster interest and love for nature; careful, caring attitude towards birds.

Progress of the lesson

1. Opening remarks.

Guys, today I invite you on a journey where our friends are waiting for us birds who live with us Kuban, and we see them every day.

2. Travel.

Educator:- our first station "Zagadalkino".

- Guess the riddles:

Naughty boy

In a gray jacket

Snooping around the yard

Collects crumbs

Children:(Sparrow)

Educator: greenish back,

The belly is yellowish,

Little black cap

And a strip of scarf.

Children:(Tit)

How did you guess? (the teacher shows pictures depicting birds sparrow and tit).

Educator:- What do you know about them?

The sparrow is small, brown, with black spots, short legs, a thin beak, cannot walk, but only jumps. Sparrows are clean, constantly bathing: in winter in the snow, in spring and summer - in puddles and dust (this is how they get rid of insects). In the spring, sparrows build nests under the roofs of our houses. Kuban, feed the chicks, they destroy many harmful insects, and also feed on bread crumbs and plant seeds.

Tit - lives in parks, gardens, forests Kuban. They are very mobile birds. Fluttering from branch to branch, they hang upside down, swing with acrobatic dexterity, and hang on to the thinnest branches. Searching the narrowest crevices in the bark of trees, these birds They pull out insects hidden for the winter. They called her that because of her song "si-si-si".

Educator:- you need to collect the picture and find out what it is bird(woodpecker).

What do you know about this bird?

The woodpecker can be called handsome. Its back is black, its wings are also black, its belly is white with black specks, and on its head there is a bright red spot, like a beret. The woodpecker has a large and strong beak, and its tongue is long to penetrate the crack in the bark and deftly remove bark beetles and other insects from under the bark. For this, the woodpecker was nicknamed the doctor or forest orderly. A strong beak helps the woodpecker make a home for itself. It takes a woodpecker two weeks to hollow out a large hollow. In the spring, the woodpecker will have chicks in this hollow. They will be born blind, unfledged. Parents will diligently feed them midges, beetle larvae and butterflies. But soon the chicks will grow up and begin to get their own food.

Surprise moment. There is a knock on the window, a letter appears on the window, the teacher takes it and reads the poem.

Someone threw a letter through my window, look.

Maybe a sparrow dropped it while flying.

Maybe the cat lured a mouse to the window?

Educator. Guys, who did you want to know from whom the letter came? Then guess the riddle.

Riddle: I am agile, light-winged, my tail is forked like a pitchfork. If I fly low, it means rain is somewhere nearby.

Children are a swallow.

The teacher reads the swallow's letter.

Dear guys! A swallow is writing to you from a distant land. All migratory birds who spent the winter in warm regions are in a hurry to return to their homeland. So I’m in a hurry to fly to you Kuban. After all, that’s where my homeland is! But I don’t know when I can fly. I decided to turn to you at the kindergarten for help. After all, the birds cannot find a better friend than you.

Guys, help, please. Tell me when can I come back?

Your friend is a swallow.

Educator. Guys, do you want to help the swallow figure out when it can fly to us? Kuban? What spring month?

Children - yes, we want them.

Educator. Children, when birds returning to their homeland?

Children - birds return in spring.

Educator. Let's remember where they fly birds in autumn when the cold comes.

Children. Birds fly south, V warm regions.

Educator. Why do they fly away?

Children. There is no food for them.

Educator. So what time of year birds returning to their homeland? What are these called? birds?

Children. Migratory birds return in spring.

Educator. Why do migratory travelers return? birds?

Children. The birds are coming back because that there is enough food, insects have appeared, seeds and last year’s fruits can be found.

Educator. Which insects appear first?

Children. Those that overwinter under leaves, grass, bark trees: these are beetles, butterflies, flies.

Educator. When the first spring flowers appear, there are more insects - why?

Children. There is food for them, this is flower nectar. Insects begin to reproduce. They lay eggs. From them caterpillars hatch in butterflies and larvae in beetles, flies, and dragonflies.

The teacher offers play: didactic game "What the bird?»

Children are divided into leaders and guessers.

Presenters choose illustrations depicting birds.

Leaders take turns (who is ready, without calling birds, talk about her (size, color, habitat, what it eats). Guessers must name. Then the children change roles (you can add others birds) . The game repeats itself.

Our journey is over, did you like it? ? Children: yes

Publications on the topic:

Lesson to familiarize yourself with your native land “Journey into the past of Kuban” Software tasks. To form children’s ideas about the peculiarities of life of the Kuban people, to enrich and activate the vocabulary on the topic.

04/04/2015 Teachers of the “Zvezdochka” group: Anishchenko T.V., Pozdnyakova E.Yu. Educational areas: speech development, cognitive.

Our group is actively working with children on Local History. We introduce children to the sights of their hometown, traditions.

We instill in children a caring attitude towards living nature. Objectives: systematize and deepen children’s understanding of birds; develop knowledge.

Abstract of GCD on the topic “Wintering birds”For children middle group(4-5 years) Integration of educational areas: cognition, communication. Target:.

Wonderful pictures with migratory and wintering birds. Which birds remain to spend the winter in their homeland, and which ones fly away?

Walking through a park or forest, we listen to birds singing and often simply don’t think about which bird trills so nicely. There are birds that live in our area all year round, but there are also those that fly to “warmer climes” in the fall.

The fact is that in winter it is very difficult for birds to find food for themselves, because insects, berries and grains become scarce, and when snow falls, it is almost impossible to find them at all. AND different types birds solve this problem in different ways: migratory birds fly hundreds and even thousands of kilometers to warmer countries, and sedentary birds adapt to our harsh winters.

A tit in the snow, which apparently wants to eat some seeds

Settled, wintering birds: list, photos with names

To help the birds that remain over the winter find food, feeders are hung. And it is quite possible that they will be of interest to the following visitors:

Sparrow. Noisy sparrows that fly in flocks may well become the first visitors to the feeder.

Tit. Tits are in many ways not inferior to sparrows; they quickly rush to feed in feeders. But compared to sparrows, tits are endowed with a more gentle disposition. Interestingly, in the summer the tit eats almost as much food as it weighs. Often in the feeders you can see mixed flocks consisting of both sparrows and tits.

Gaichka. A close relative of the tit. However, the chickadee's breast is not yellow, but light brown. The chickadee also differs from other tits in that it makes a hollow in a tree to make a nest in it.

Gaichka - special kind tits

Crow. Crows are often confused with rooks. It is known that in the western part of Russia crows are very rare. Therefore, if you live in the European part of Russia and see a black bird emitting a piercing croak, then most likely it is a rook.

Pigeon. The distribution and lifestyle of pigeons was largely influenced by people who simply brought them with them to different corners Earth. Now pigeons are found on all continents except Antarctica. Pigeons easily exchange rocks, which are their natural habitat, for man-made structures.

The nodding gait of pigeons is due to the fact that this makes it easier for them to examine the object of interest to them.

Woodpecker. In the warm season, woodpeckers feed mainly on insects, which they get from under the bark of trees, and in the cold winter, they can also feed on plant foods: seeds and nuts.

Magpie. The magpie is considered a bird of high intelligence; it is capable of expressing a lot of emotions, including sadness, and can recognize its reflection in the mirror. It is interesting that not only its fellow birds react to the alarming cry of a magpie, but also other birds, as well as wild animals, in particular bears and wolves.

Magpie - wintering bird

Owl. Owls come in different varieties, large and small, and there are more than 200 species in total. These birds are endowed with acute vision and excellent hearing, which allows them to lead a nocturnal lifestyle. It’s interesting that the tufts on an owl’s head are not ears; owls’ real ears are hidden in the feathers, and one of them is directed upward, and the other downward, in order to better hear what is happening above the head and on the ground.

Owl is a night bird

This bird is also considered an owl and is a close relative of other owls.

A rare owl that lives mainly in mountainous areas in northern latitudes. The name of the bird, according to different versions, means “inedible” or “insatiable.”

Jackdaw. Externally, jackdaws are similar to rooks and crows; moreover, there are mixed flocks in which all three species of birds can be seen. However, the jackdaw is smaller in size than the crow. And if you are lucky enough to observe a jackdaw up close, you can easily recognize it by the gray color of some of its feathers.

Nuthatch. This little bird climbs tree trunks very deftly. In summer, nuthatches hide seeds and nuts in the bark, and in winter they feed on these supplies.

Crossbill. Like the nuthatch, this bird is excellent at climbing trees and can hang upside down on branches. Crossbill's favorite food is seeds from spruce and pine cones. This bird is remarkable in that it can hatch chicks even in winter, but only if there is enough food.

Bullfinch. Only males have bright red plumage on the chest; females look much more modest. Bullfinches are more often seen in winter, because due to lack of food, they are drawn to people. In summer, bullfinches prefer wooded areas and behave inconspicuously, so they are not easy to see.

Waxwing. A bird with beautiful plumage and a singing voice. In summer it feeds mainly on insects and likes to settle in coniferous forests. In winter, the waxwing moves to more southern regions of the country and is often found in cities. In the cold season, rowan and other fruits become the main food for birds.

Jay. A large bird, which, however, can fly to feast on a feeder hung by people. In the summer it is rarely seen in the city, but closer to winter the bird begins to reach out to human habitation.

Kinglet. One of the smallest birds, the weight of an adult male is only 5-7 grams. Kinglets are relatives of sparrows.

Kinglet - forest dweller

. A large bird that is a favorite trophy for many hunters. Pheasants can fly, but most often move on foot.

Grouse. It is also an object of hunting, despite the fact that this bird is quite small. The weight of an adult hazel grouse rarely reaches 500 g. Interestingly, the largest population of these birds lives in Russia.

The hazel grouse is a bird that is related to the black grouse

Another bird that is related to hunting. Black grouse are found at the edge of the forest and in the forest-steppe.

Falcon. Considered one of the most smart birds on the planet and one of the best hunters. The falcon is capable of working in tandem with a person, but it is very difficult to tame it.

. Like the falcon, it is a bird of prey. A hawk's vision is 8 times sharper than a human's. And rushing after prey, the hawk can reach speeds of up to 240 km/h.

Migratory and nomadic birds: list, photos with names

Rooks differ from crows in having a gray-yellow beak. In Kuban and Ukraine, you can see how in the fall rooks gather in huge flocks, so large that the sky seems black from the birds soaring in it - these are rooks that fly south. However, rooks are classified as migratory birds only conditionally, some of them remain to winter in central Russia, some winter in Ukraine, and only some birds fly to the warm shores of Turkey for the winter.

They really like to fly to freshly dug ground, sometimes they fly right behind a plowing tractor in order to have time to get as many worms and larvae as possible from the dug up ground.

This inconspicuous bird with a singing voice loves warmth, and therefore flies south in the fall. And for wintering, our native nightingales chose hot Africa. These birds fly to the eastern part of the continent - Kenya and Ethiopia - for the winter. However, enjoy their singing local residents they cannot, because nightingales sing only during the mating season, which takes place in their homeland.

Martin. Swallows love rocky terrain; they often settle on sheer walls quarries that people dug. However, our winters are too harsh for swallows and therefore in the fall they fly to the southern part of Africa, far from us, or to Tropical Asia.

Chizh. Like the rook, it is a migratory bird that arrives early and winters nearby: in the Caucasus, Kazakhstan and southern Europe. Externally, siskins are inconspicuous, their gray-green feathers are absolutely not noticeable against the background of the branches. The bird's temperament matches its appearance: quiet and meek.

Goldfinch. In Europe it is a wintering bird, however, in Russia goldfinches can only be seen in summer. By winter, goldfinches gather in flocks and move to lands with a warmer climate. Goldfinches are close relatives of siskins.

The goldfinch is one of the most colorful birds

A slender bird that runs quickly along the ground and shakes its tail with every step. Wagtails spend the winter in eastern Africa, southern Asia, and sometimes southern Europe.

Quail. The only bird from the order Galliformes, which is migratory. The weight of an adult quail is not so large and amounts to 80-150 g. In summer, quails can be found in fields sown with wheat and rye. Quails winter far beyond the borders of our homeland: in southern Africa and southern Asia, on the Hindustan Peninsula.

Thrush. The song thrush, with its sweet trills, creates worthy competition for the nightingale. And his appearance, like that of the nightingale, is inconspicuous. In winter, blackbirds become Europeans: Italy, France and Spain are their second homeland.

Lark. Larks return from warm countries very early; sometimes already in March you can hear their sonorous song, which becomes a harbinger of spring warmth. And larks spend the winter in Southern Europe.

Gull. With the onset of cold weather, seagulls living on the coasts of the northern seas migrate to the Black and Caspian Seas. But over the years, seagulls are increasingly drawn to people, and increasingly remain to spend the winter in cities.

. Swifts winter in Africa, and fly to its equatorial part or even go to the southern part of the continent.

Starlings really need birdhouses, since most often they breed their offspring in them. And our starlings go to Southern Europe and East Africa for the winter.

This bizarre black cloud is a flock of starlings returning home

Finch. Finches from the western part of the country winter mainly in Central Europe and the Mediterranean, and finches that live near the Urals in the summer go to winter in Southern Kazakhstan and the southern regions of Asia.

Chaffinch - a noisy inhabitant of the forest

Heron. It is quite difficult to determine where herons spend the winter; some of them travel enormous distances to South Africa, some winter in the Crimea or the Kuban, and in the Stavropol Territory, herons sometimes even remain for the winter.

Crane. These birds are monogamous, and once having chosen a partner, they remain faithful to him throughout their lives. Cranes settle in swampy areas. And their wintering places are as diverse as those of herons: Southern Europe, Africa and even China - in all these parts of the world you can find cranes that have flown from Russia to spend the winter.

Stork. In Russia there are black and white storks. White storks build huge nests, up to one and a half meters wide, and make very long flights to the south. Sometimes they cross half the planet and reach South Africa, a country located in the very south of Africa.

Swan. The swan is a bird that represents devotion and romance. Swans are waterfowl, so for wintering they choose places near water, often the Caspian or Mediterranean Sea.

Duck. Wild ducks, as a rule, do not fly far in winter and remain in the vast expanses of post-Soviet states. It is noteworthy that their domestic relatives also begin to worry in the fall and sometimes try to fly away, sometimes they even fly over fences and fly short distances.

. Cuckoos live in forests, forest-steppe, and steppe. The vast majority of cuckoos fly to tropical and South Africa for the winter; less commonly, cuckoos winter in South Asia: India and China.

. A small bird with a singing voice and bright plumage that flies to the tropics for the winter.

. They wake up at dawn and are among the first to start the morning song. This little songbird used to be called a robin. Robins fly to Southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East to spend the winter and are among the first to return home.

What is the difference between migratory birds and wintering birds: presentation for preschoolers

Slide 2

Slide 3: presentation of migratory birds

Why do migratory birds fly to warm regions where they spend the winter, and why do they come back?

Winter is a harsh test for birds. And only those who can get food for themselves in harsh conditions remain to spend the winter.

What could be the ways for birds to survive in the cold season?

Some birds store food for the winter in the summer. They hide plant seeds, nuts, acorns, caterpillars and larvae in grass and cracks in tree bark. Such birds include the nuthatch.
Some birds are not afraid of people and live near residential buildings. In winter, they find food in feeders and garbage heaps.
Some birds are predators and feed on rodents. There are birds of prey that can feed on hares, hunt fish, small birds and bats.

If a bird can find food for itself in winter, it means it does not need to go on a tedious and difficult flight to warmer climes in the fall.

It would seem that everything is simple, and the only reason for the seasonal migration of birds is the lack of food. But in reality there are more questions here than answers. For example, imagine that a wild duck, which is a migratory bird, is provided with an artificially heated pond and a sufficient amount of food. Will she stay for the winter? Of course not. She will be called on a long journey by a strong feeling that is difficult to explain, called natural instinct.

It turns out that birds fly away to warmer regions, as if out of habit, because their ancestors did this for hundreds and thousands of years.

Another question that requires an answer: why do birds return from warm countries every spring? Ornithological scientists have concluded that the beginning of the return flight is associated with the activation of sex hormones and the beginning of the breeding season. But why do birds fly thousands of kilometers and hatch their chicks exactly where they were born? Poets and romantic people say that birds, like people, are simply drawn to their homeland.

How do migratory birds know where to fly? A question to which to this day there is no clear answer. It has been experimentally proven that birds can navigate in completely unfamiliar terrain and in conditions of limited visibility, when neither the sun nor the stars are visible. They have an organ that allows them to navigate the Earth's magnetic field.

But the mystery remains how young individuals, who have never flown to warm regions before, find their own wintering place, and how do they know the route to fly? It turns out that in birds, information about the point on the map where you need to fly is recorded at the genetic level and, moreover, a route to it is drawn.

Do migratory birds build nests in the south?

Birds wintering in warm regions do not lay eggs or hatch chicks, which means they do not need a nest. A nest is needed only for chicks that migratory birds will hatch in their homeland.

Which birds are the first and last to arrive in spring?

They arrive first in the spring rooks. These birds return to their homeland in early spring, when the first thawed patches in the snow appear. With their strong beaks, rooks dig out larvae in such thawed areas, which form the basis of their diet.

The last to arrive are the birds, which feed on flying insects. These are swallows, swifts, and orioles. The diet of these birds consists of:

Komarov
Moshek
Horseflies
Zhukov
Cicadas
Butterflies

Since the emergence of a large number of adult flying insects from larvae requires warm weather and about two weeks of time, the birds that feed on them fly to their homeland after the mass appearance of these insects.

Which birds are the first and last to fly away in the fall?

With the onset of autumn cold weather, insects complete their active life cycle and go into hibernation. Therefore, the birds that feed on insects are the first to fly to warmer climes. Then the birds fly away and feed on the plants. Waterfowl are the last to fly away. There is enough food in the water for them even in autumn. And they fly away before the water in reservoirs begins to freeze.

VIDEO: Birds fly south

What flock of migratory birds promises snow?

By folk signs, if a flock of wild ones flew south geese— you need to wait for the first snow to fall. This sign may not coincide with real weather phenomena. So in the north of Russia, geese fly to warmer climes in mid-September, and snow can fall much earlier. Let's say the first snow in Norilsk this year fell on August 25th. In the south, geese fly to warmer climes at the end of October, and sometimes even at the beginning of November. The first snow in these areas may occur around this time. But it all depends weather conditions autumn. Indian summer here can last throughout October.

VIDEO: Geese gather in flocks to fly south

Which bird from the order Galliformes is migratory?

A migratory bird from the order Galliformes is quail. The quail's habitat extends beyond Russia in the west and south. In the east, these birds live up to the western coast of Lake Baikal. They are widespread in Europe, Western Asia and Africa.

For the winter they fly south. And they winter in Hindustan, Northern Africa and South-West Asia.

VIDEO: How do migratory birds fly?

Brief description

To consolidate and expand children's knowledge about wintering birds of the Kuban;
Identify the relationship between external bird species, their diet and lifestyle;
enrich vocabulary children: red-breasted, black-headed.
To instill in children humane feelings, the ability to empathize and help wintering birds.

Description

Municipal autonomous preschool educational institution municipality Krasnodar " Kindergarten No. 216 “Boat of Childhood”"Wintering birds of Kuban"
Compiled by: Educator highest category Krapivkina Oksana AnatolyevnaTeacher of the first category Chernetskaya Svetlana ViktorovnaKrasnodarSummary of GCD in preparatory group on topic "Wintering birds of Kuban" Tasks:
Educational:
ü To consolidate and expand children's knowledge about wintering birds of the Kuban;
ü Identify the relationship between appearance birds, their diet and way of life;
ü Enrich children's vocabulary: red-breasted, black-headed,
Educational:
ü Develop curiosity, attention, memory, coherent speech;
ü to train children in forming adjectives from nouns;
ü consolidate the use of prepositions and nouns in various cases;
Educational:
To instill in children humane feelings, the ability to empathize and help wintering birds.

Preliminary work:
ü Bird watching on a walk;
ü View illustrations, presentations “Wintering birds of the Krasnodar region”;
ü Reading. V. Berestov “Birds”,

Equipment : multimedia board, presentation “Wintering birds of the Krasnodar region”, subject pictures depicting wintering birds, easel, flat feeder.
Progress of the lesson 1. Organizational moment. The teacher hangs a flat feeder on the board, and then asks the children to guess which birds are flying into their winter dining room. To do this, he asks children riddles about wintering birds:
In a gray feather coat,And in the cold he is a hero.Call him quickly!Is he jumping there?...( Sparrow) These birds are next to us -We call them Sisars,And in winter, in frost and hungerWon't leave the city …(Pigeon) She's all greyish,The gait is baggy,Important Person-Her name is …(Crow) Black capAnd a strip of scarfAt the yellow-breasted birdBy name ...(Titmouse) This bird is so chattyThieving, fussy,Chirping, white-sided,And her name is …(Magpie) There is a strange doctor in the world,He heals trees, children.- Where does it hurt? Knock-knock!Ah, I found it. Here, here …(Woodpecker)
As the children solve the riddles, children insert figures of the named birds into the slots on the “Feeder” manual.The teacher invites the children to look at the birds that have flown into the winter dining room and call them in one word (Wintering)Educator: Tell me, why are they called wintering birds?Indeed, these birds do not fly to warm regions for the winter, but spend the winter here in the Krasnodar Territory. These birds are not afraid of frost and manage to get food for themselves even in the coldest winters. They look for insects that are hidden in cracks in tree bark, cracks in houses and fences, eat fruits and seeds of deciduous plants, and cones with seeds of conifers. And tits are looking for reserves that they made in the fall. But there are many other birds that remain for the winter in our region.Educator:I would like to introduce you to another bird. This is a nuthatch.-What color is his plumage?-What can you say about the shape of the beak?-About the size of the paws?The nuthatch can move along tree trunks upside down. This is a small short-tailed bird of a soft ash color with a bluish tint to the upper body and white belly plumage. The unusually long toes of the nuthatch's short legs have long, curved and very sharp claws. This allows him to stay on the tree trunk perfectly and stay upside down on the tree trunk.The nuthatch is very active, cheerful and tireless. Nuthatches, like tits, feed mainly on insects, which they search for on the surface, in cracks and crevices of the bark of various trees. In addition, they collect the seeds of many forest plants, as well as those that fall from the cones of coniferous trees. In places where cedar trees grow, nuthatches are very fond of pine nuts.All year round, but especially in the fall, nuthatches love to make individual reserves. They hide individual seeds, seeds, nuts, arranging small hiding places in the crevices of the trunk, in cracks in the bark, sometimes covering them with a bunch of lichen or pieces of the same bark.Nuthatches hibernate without flying anywhere in their native forest. During this period, they visit nearby villages and villages and fly into cities. Very often, nuthatches join tits in search of food.Presentation “Wintering birds of the Krasnodar region”
Phys. minute "SPARROW"
Among the white doves
A nimble sparrow jumps.
(Children walk in a circle, pretending to be doves; in the center there is one child - he jumps like a sparrow.)

Sparrow is a bird,
Gray shirt.
Respond, sparrow,
Fly out, don't be shy.
(Children stand facing the circle, walk at a side step. The “Sparrow” tries to “fly out” of the circle; the “pigeons”, holding hands, do not let him in.)
Educator:
The sparrow jumps and jumps,
Calls out to little children:
Sparrow:
- Throw crumbs to the sparrow -
I'll sing you a song
Tick-tweet!
Throw in millet and barley -
I'll sing to you all day long
Tick-tweet!
Educator: When to feed birds in winter
- Birds should be fed throughout the year, since in this case, in addition to the usual wintering species, migratory species will also receive food.
Educator: What to feed birds in winter?
- Bird food can be crumbs of white bread, grain, seeds, leftover vegetables and fruits.
Educator:What should you not feed?
Birds should not be fed rye (black) bread, wet foods (they will turn into ice in the cold), or fried seeds.

Game "Find wintering birds."
Target:To consolidate children's knowledge about wintering birds, to develop memory and attention.
The teacher divides the group into teams and asks them to choose only wintering birds from a set of pictures (each team has its own set of pictures). The task of the team members is to remember all the wintering birds through discussion, select the corresponding pictures and transfer them to the table of their team. The winner is the one who completes the task quickly and correctly.
· - Tell me about the crow. What is she like? (big, black, important, cunning).
· - This bird is familiar to you. Who is this? Tell me about the sparrow.
· - What is he like? (small, grey, nimble, fast).
· - This bird can be found in the forest. This is a woodpecker.
· He often knocks on wood, but do you know why he does this?
· - The woodpecker heals trees by extracting harmful bugs from under the bark.
· - You will tell me about this bird yourself. Who is this? What is he like?
· (The dove is large, gray, cooing.)
· - What kind of birds are these?
· - Why are they called that?
Educator: Children, try to remember how and about whom people are spoken using the names of birds. So continue:
· Wise as... crow.
· Thieving as... magpie.
· Free as... bird.
· Yellowmouth, like... chick.
· Vigilant as... eagle.
· Crackle like... magpie.
Game-exercise “Say the opposite”
The titmouse has a small body, while the magpie has a small body
The tit has a thin beak, while the woodpecker has a thick beak.
The crow is big and the sparrow is small
The crow is sedentary, and the tit is nimble
The jay is smart, but the sparrow is nondescript
The magpie has a large beak, and the titmouse has...
The titmouse has a short tail, and the magpie has...
The titmouse has thin legs, and the magpie has...

The game “Which bird is missing?” On the board there are four to five pictures depicting wintering birds. The teacher, unnoticed by the children, removes one picture and asks : - Which bird is missing?
Exercise “What bird?”
The magpie has white sides - the magpie has white sides,
The sparrow has short legs...
The tit has a yellow chest -...
The crow has a thick beak...
The magpie has a loud voice...
The woodpecker has a red head...
The crow doesn't move much, what is it like?..
The tit has a black head, what is it like?..
The magpie has a black tail, what is it like?
Feed the birds. A. Yashin
Feed the birds in winter!
Let it come from all over
They will flock to you like home,
Flocks on the porch.
Their food is not rich,
I need a handful of grain
One handful - and not scary
It will be winter for them.
It’s impossible to count how many of them are dying!
It's hard to see!
But in our heart there is
And it's warm for the birds.
How can we forget:
They could fly away
And they stayed for the winter
Together with people.
Train your birds in the cold
To your window
So that you don’t have to go without songs
Let's welcome spring.
Lesson summary
Remember what we talked about in class?
What did we do in class?
What did you like?
What can you tell us about at home?
Now let’s go feed the birds that have flown to our site.
(The children are getting ready for a walk)
List of used literature 1. Big book of fairy tales. - M.: Makhaon, 2006. - 416 p.
2. Kislinskaya, T. How to restore and preserve vision in a child. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2010. - 128 pp...
4. Shorygina T.A. Birds, what are they? M.: 2008-93 p.
Materials used and Internet resources:
4. http://www.litera.ru

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Abstract.docx

Municipal autonomous preschool educational institution of the municipal formation of Krasnodar “Kindergarten No. 216 “Boat of Childhood”

"Wintering birds of Kuban"

Compiled by: teacher of the highest category Oksana Anatolyevna Krapivkina

Teacher of the first category Chernetskaya Svetlana Viktorovna

Krasnodar

Summary of GCD in the preparatory group on the topic

"Wintering birds of Kuban"

Tasks:

Educational:

To consolidate and expand children's knowledge about wintering birds of the Kuban;

Identify the relationship between the appearance of birds, their diet and lifestyle;

Enrich children's vocabulary: red-breasted, black-headed,

Educational:

Develop curiosity, attention, memory, coherent speech;

to train children in forming adjectives from nouns;

consolidate the use of prepositions and nouns in various cases;

Educational:

To instill in children humane feelings, the ability to empathize and help wintering birds.

Preliminary work:

Bird watching on a walk;

View illustrations, presentations “Wintering birds of the Krasnodar region”;

Reading.V. Berestov “Birds”,

Equipment : multimedia board, presentation “Wintering birds of the Krasnodar region”, subject pictures depicting wintering birds, easel, flat feeder.

Progress of the lesson

Organizational moment.

The teacher hangs a flat feeder on the board, and then asks the children to guess which birds are flying into their winter dining room. To do this, he asks children riddles about wintering birds:

In a gray feather coat,

And in the cold he is a hero.

Call him quickly!

Is he jumping there?...(Sparrow)

These birds are next to us -

We call them Sisars,

And in winter, in frost and hunger

Won't leave the city…(Pigeon)

She's all greyish,

The gait is baggy,

Important Person-

Her name is…(Crow)

Black cap

And a strip of scarf

At the yellow-breasted bird

By name...(Titmouse)

This bird is so chatty

Thieving, fussy,

Chirping, white-sided,

And her name is…(Magpie)

There is a strange doctor in the world,

He heals trees, children.

- Where does it hurt? Knock-knock!

Ah, I found it. Here, here…(Woodpecker)

As the children solve the riddles, children insert figures of the named birds into the slots on the “Feeder” manual.

The teacher invites the children to look at the birds that have flown into the winter dining room and call them in one word (Wintering)

Educator : Tell me, why are they called wintering birds?

Indeed, these birds do not fly to warm regions for the winter, but spend the winter here in the Krasnodar Territory. These birds are not afraid of frost and manage to get food for themselves even in the coldest winters. They look for insects that are hidden in cracks in tree bark, cracks in houses and fences, eat fruits and seeds of deciduous plants, and cones with seeds of conifers. And tits are looking for reserves that they made in the fall. But there are many other birds that remain for the winter in our region.

Educator: I would like to introduce you to another bird. This is a nuthatch.

What color is his plumage?

What can you say about the shape of the beak?

About paw size?

The nuthatch can move along tree trunks upside down. This is a small short-tailed bird of a soft ash color with a bluish tint to the upper body and white belly plumage. The unusually long toes of the nuthatch's short legs have long, curved and very sharp claws. This allows him to stay on the tree trunk perfectly and stay upside down on the tree trunk.

The nuthatch is very active, cheerful and tireless. Nuthatches, like tits, feed mainly on insects, which they search for on the surface, in cracks and crevices of the bark of various trees. In addition, they collect the seeds of many forest plants, as well as those that fall from the cones of coniferous trees. In places where cedar trees grow, nuthatches are very fond of pine nuts.

All year round, but especially in autumn, nuthatches love to make individual reserves. They hide individual seeds, seeds, nuts, arranging small hiding places in the crevices of the trunk, in cracks in the bark, sometimes covering them with a bunch of lichen or pieces of the same bark.

Nuthatches hibernate without flying anywhere in their native forest. During this period, they visit nearby villages and villages and fly into cities. Very often, nuthatches join tits in search of food.

Presentation “Wintering birds of the Krasnodar region”

Phys. minute "SPARROW"

Among the white doves

A nimble sparrow jumps.

(Children walk in a circle, pretending to be doves; in the center there is one child - he jumps like a sparrow.)

Sparrow is a bird,

Gray shirt.

Respond, sparrow,

Fly out, don't be shy.

(Children stand facing the circle, walk at a side step. The “Sparrow” tries to “fly out” of the circle; the “pigeons”, holding hands, do not let him in.)

Educator :

The sparrow jumps and jumps,

Calls out to little children:

Sparrow:

Throw crumbs to the sparrow -

I'll sing you a song

Tick-tweet!

Throw in millet and barley -

I'll sing to you all day long

Tick-tweet!

Educator : When to feed birds in winter

- Birds should be fed throughout the year, since in this case, in addition to the usual wintering species, migratory species will also receive food.

Educator : What to feed birds in winter?

- Bird food can be crumbs of white bread, grain, seeds, leftover vegetables and fruits.

Educator: What should you not feed?

Birds should not be fed rye (black) bread, wet foods (they will turn into ice in the cold), or fried seeds.

Game "Find wintering birds."

Target: To consolidate children's knowledge about wintering birds, to develop memory and attention.

The teacher divides the group into teams and asks them to choose only wintering birds from a set of pictures (each team has its own set of pictures). The task of the team members is to remember all the wintering birds through discussion, select the corresponding pictures and transfer them to the table of their team. The winner is the one who completes the task quickly and correctly.

Tell me about the crow. What is she like?(big, black, important, cunning).

This bird is familiar to you. Who is this? Tell me about the sparrow.

What is he like?(small, grey, nimble, fast).

This bird can be found in the forest. This is a woodpecker.

He often knocks on wood, but do you know why he does this?

The woodpecker heals trees by extracting harmful bugs from under the bark.

You can tell me about this bird yourself. Who is this? What is he like?

(The dove is large, gray, cooing.)

What kind of birds are these?

Why are they called that?

Educator : Children, try to remember how and about whom people are spoken using the names of birds. So continue:

Wise as...crow .

Thieving as...magpie .

Free as...bird .

Yellowmouth, like...chick .

Vigilant as...eagle .

Crackle like...magpie .

Game-exercise “Say the opposite”

The titmouse has a small body, while the magpie has a small body

The tit has a thin beak, while the woodpecker has a thick beak.

The crow is big and the sparrow is small

The crow is sedentary, and the tit is nimble

The jay is smart, but the sparrow is nondescript

The magpie has a large beak, and the titmouse has...

The titmouse has a short tail, and the magpie has...

The titmouse has thin legs, and the magpie has...

The game “Which bird is missing?”

On the board there are four to five pictures depicting wintering birds. The teacher, unnoticed by the children, removes one picture and asks : - Which bird is missing?

Exercise “What bird?”

The magpie has white sides - the magpie has white sides,

The sparrow has short legs...

The tit has a yellow chest -...

The crow has a thick beak...

The woodpecker has a red head...

The crow doesn't move much, what is it like?.......

The tit has a black head, what is it like?.....

The magpie has a black tail, what is it like?

Feed the birds. A. Yashin

Feed the birds in winter!

Let it come from all over

They will flock to you like home,

Flocks on the porch.

Their food is not rich,

I need a handful of grain

One handful - and not scary

It will be winter for them.

It’s impossible to count how many of them are dying!

It's hard to see!

But in our heart there is

And it's warm for the birds.

How can we forget:

They could fly away

And they stayed for the winter

Together with people.

Train your birds in the cold

To your window

So that you don’t have to go without songs

Let's welcome spring.

Lesson summary

Remember what we talked about in class? What did we do in class? What did you like? What can you tell us about at home?

Kuban is a historical and cultural region in southwestern Russia. More than three hundred species of birds live on its territory, some of them are listed in the Red Book. What species are found in this region? What birds are called Kochet in Kuban? We will try to answer these questions in this article.

Kuban region

Kuban or Krasnodar Territory is located in the North Caucasus, covering the eastern coast of the Azov and Black Seas. This is a cultural and historical area in which unique everyday and cultural characteristics have formed.

There are even unique names for some animals here. For example, do you know what birds in the Kuban are called Kochet? Petukhov. Most likely, the word appeared in Ancient Rus' from the word kdkot, and this latter, in turn, arose as an onomatopoeic word (ko-ko-ko).

There are many within the region natural areas- from steppes to subtropical forests and alpine meadows. This diversity attracts a variety of animals. More than 80 species of mammals, about 10 amphibians, 20 reptiles and 300 species of birds live in the Kuban. Detailed Descriptions Some bird species of Kuban with photos can be found below.

There are many small rivers and lakes in the region, including Abrau - the largest lake in the North Caucasus. The weather in the region is variable and varies greatly throughout the year. In spring, rivers often overflow their banks, flooding their valleys.

The climate of the Krasnodar Territory is mainly temperate continental, and subtropical in coastal areas. Part of the region is occupied by coniferous and deciduous forests. In the area of Anapa and the Taman Peninsula, steppes with estuaries predominate. In the mountains, vegetation and conditions change with altitude. Thus, the zone with deciduous and coniferous forests gradually turns into low grasses and berry bushes.

Bird resettlement in Kuban

Steppes with lakes-estuaries and growing cereals, rivers, lakes, dense forests- all this attracts many birds. In the northern part of Kuban, birds are represented by crows, eagles and larks.

Estuaries and floodplains are a favorite place for birds. There are more than 200 species of them here. Many arrive only during the nesting period or during migration, but about a hundred species remain for the winter. Pelicans, eagles, herons, cranes, laughing gulls, lapwings, geese and waders can be found in these areas.

On sea coasts seagull, sea plover, oystercatcher, diving duck, cormorant, and petrel live here. Their diet is more exotic than that of the inhabitants of the estuaries. The seabirds of Kuban can catch not only fish, but also rapans, crabs, and shrimp.

The forests are home to woodpeckers, blackbirds, jays, orioles, goldfinches, owls and tits. Among the birds there are also lovers of steep cliffs, for example, rock and rock pigeons. Sparrows, swallows, and blue rollers live in open forests, low groves and floodplains.

Birds of the Red Book of Kuban

Despite large number birds in the region, some species are quite rare, while others are completely endangered. Birds of the Kuban listed in the Red Book: ibis, white stork, demoiselle, Dalmatian pelican, avdotka, white-tailed eagle, ogre, little cormorant, crow sandpiper, etc. There are 57 species in total.

Vulnerable species, the number of which decreases every year, are the pallid mockingbird, the great lentil, the great curlew, the bustard, and the Caucasian snowcock. Endangered species include golden eagles, bearded vultures, white-eyed ducks, and rare - golden plovers, Caucasian black grouse.

Of the 2,000 individual golden eagles living in Russia, there are only four pairs in the Krasnodar Territory. There are up to 7 pairs of white storks in the region, although in some periods more than a hundred of them arrive. About 40 demoiselle cranes arrive from other places, leaving only 8 pairs to nest.

The number of birds is decreasing both for natural reasons and thanks to humans. Some species disappear due to lack of food, others die at birth due to long periods of bad weather. Poaching and sport hunting, the transformation of natural areas into agricultural land and recreational areas are also a serious factor.

Pied Rock Thrush

The rock thrush is a small bird that lives in high mountain areas, as well as in the area of Gelendzhik and Novorossiysk. Female Pied Thrushes have a modest appearance and grey-brown plumage. Males are bright, with blue feathers on their heads and orange breasts.

They settle near sea cliffs, in high mountain meadows covered with grass, and in woodlands. They build their nests in rocks or ground. They are a vulnerable species. There are approximately 60 individuals of these birds left in the Kuban.

Coot

The coot represents the waterfowl of the Kuban. It is similar in size to a duck and reaches a length of forty centimeters. The bird is found in steppe regions, in the upper reaches of the Kuban River. She prefers estuaries, river valleys and slightly salty or fresh lakes. It builds nests directly in the water, in areas with shallows or in

The body of the coot is matte black or dark gray, with a small white spot on the head (this is where the name comes from). The bird's beak is also white, slightly compressed laterally. The legs are yellow, and the toes are long and gray, with wide webs.

In addition to the Krasnodar Territory, the coot lives in Asia, Africa, Northern and Western Europe, Australia and the nearest islands, the Mediterranean and the Far East.

Dalmatian Pelican

One of the endangered birds of Kuban. In the region, the Dalmatian pelican settles in the area of the Taman Peninsula and the Eastern Azov region. Prefers areas with floodplains and estuaries. Currently, up to 70 pairs of pelicans live in the Krasnodar Territory. Their numbers are decreasing due to capture, extermination, and water pollution.

This is a large bird with a body length of up to 180 centimeters. Its wingspan reaches 3.5 meters. Characteristic feature pelican - its beak. It grows up to 50 centimeters in length. The Dalmatian pelican is white in color and has feathers that curl like curls on its head and neck.

Mostly birds stay in groups. They feed exclusively on fish, so they spend a lot of time on the water. They nest in reed thickets or on small overgrown islands.

Pygmy eagle

The pygmy eagle lives in the mixed forests of coastal areas. This is a fairly common bird in Kuban. The eagle can settle in and sometimes in coniferous forests. In the Krasnodar Territory, it inhabits the environs of Novorossiysk, Gelendzhik, Mezbay and Psebay.

The bird is small in size. It resembles a buzzard, but has characteristic eagle-like features. The tail of the dwarf eagle is long, the wingspan is 1.3 meters. The beak is curved and short.

There are two colors of plumage of these eagles. One is dark, brown-brown, sometimes reddish or golden. The other is light brown with a darkish bottom. The peculiarity of the birds is their large head and shaggy strong legs.

Little Bustard

Little Bustard is a rare bird that lives only in the steppe. It belongs to the bustard family. The color of the bird on top is sandy or brown with black spots, the belly is white. During the mating season, the males' plumage changes - the neck becomes black with two white stripes.

The bird's flight is unique. It appears as if it is trembling or trembling, making a whistling sound. Little bustards live in pairs and gather in flocks only before flying to their wintering grounds.

In the Kuban, the bird nests in the Novopokrovsky region and on the Taman Peninsula, and during its migration it is found on the Black Sea coast. Due to hunting and the reduction of the area of unplowed steppes, the population is rapidly declining.

Night heron

The common night heron is also called the night heron. She bears little resemblance to members of her family. Unlike other herons, its beak, legs and neck are not so long. Young birds have brown plumage. As they grow, the color changes. The sides and belly become white, and a black stripe stretches from the beak along the entire back. Several long white feathers grow on the back of the head.

The night heron settles near bodies of water with dense vegetation and in forests. It lives on all continents except Antarctica and Australia. It is not active during the day and can sit motionless for many hours. With the arrival of dusk, she “comes to life” and begins hunting frogs and fish.

Birds of Kuban

Litvinova Galina Yurievna geography teacher MBOU Secondary School No. 9

Features of birds

Birds are higher vertebrates that differ from other animals in that they have wings, feathers and the ability to fly.
Feathers play an important role in their life - they perform a protective function, retain heat, and when flying, minimize the friction that occurs upon contact with air masses.
Birds' skin does not have any glands and is therefore always very dry.
But there is still one gland that secretes fat and it is located under the tail, although it is well developed only in waterfowl.

Birds lubricate their plumage with this fat, as a result of which it does not allow water to pass through.
There are species of birds that instead of this gland have areas with constantly growing down, usually on the lower back or on the sides. These areas are called “powder fluff” because when this fluff breaks off, it forms a powder that resembles powder. And it is this powder that gives the plumage waterproof properties.
These birds include ostriches or bustards.
It turns out that birds have no teeth, and instead of them there is a goiter, passing through which the food is, as it were, ground. They have highly developed hearing and weak sense of smell .

In the Krasnodar Territory, birds live on reservoirs, with interesting name Great Grebe or as it is called differently - the great grebe. The great grebes usually live in thickets near water, and they earned this name because their meat smells very strongly of fish. In general it's very beautiful bird- its back, neck and top of its head are dark brown, its cheeks are gray, and on its head there is a beautiful crest of a mixture of black and red feathers. She swims and dives very well, and builds her own nests in the water from reeds and cattails. If a great grebe leaves her nest, then, like a caring mother, she always covers it with aquatic plants to protect it from unexpected guests and sun rays. When her chicks appear, she carries them on her back for two whole weeks, sometimes going down to the water. The great grebe feeds on various mollusks and fish.

Lesser grebes

But not only great grebes live here, there are also little grebes, which are in many ways similar to the great grebe both in lifestyle and in appearance.

Great cormorants are also found in these parts - very large birds that live on estuaries. This is not an ordinary bird species, as their appearance is quite unusual. has a long neck, black shiny plumage and wide wings. He eats about one and a half kilograms of fish per day. Cormorants are excellent swimmers and, like the great grebes, excellent diving

Also on the estuaries Black Sea coast you might meet a bird loaf. It usually lives in willow thickets.
The loaf is very beautiful bird, with brown plumage and a peculiar long beak that is curved downwards.
These birds eat frogs and tadpoles, and fly to Africa for the winter.

Well, how can we not mention heron... Several species of this bird live here - white, gray, yellow, red, as well as night herons and bitterns, both large and small.
Herons are migratory birds; they feed on fish, frogs and small animals.

In these same places you can see mute swan, whose weight can reach up to 13 kilograms, and its wing length is around 70 centimeters.
Such swans practically do not make a sound, but simply hiss, hence the funny name.
They feed on plant roots and small aquatic invertebrates.

You can often find in this area black kite is a predator that is easy to recognize by the way it flies in circles and looks for prey.
The kite's tail is long and wide, with a notch in the middle,
His head is not large and his wings are quite wide.
The kite feeds on carrion, reptiles, small birds and rodents.

Birds live in the steppes and mountains gray or otherwise buzzard .
It’s interesting that he only builds nests in the forest,
but it hunts in large open spaces.
Also feeds on rodents, small birds and insects

Lives in thickets of various plants near water bodies Caucasian pheasant .
This important bird does not like to fly, but moves mainly on the ground.
This bird builds its nests mainly in impassable thickets of bushes.
It feeds on berries, insects, and does not even disdain the Colorado potato beetle.

Partridges

In the steppe of the Krasnodar region there are gray partridges .
These are small birds weighing up to 500 grams that move quickly on the ground, also fly quickly and can even take off vertically, while emitting a strong chirping sound.
Partridges make nests only on the ground.

In the reservoirs of the Kuban there lives a bird called coot ,
it weighs about 800 grams, has a black color and a gray belly.
This bird has a white spot on its forehead.
Coots behave very interestingly on the water - they swim slowly, shaking their heads and twitching their tails to the beat. It turns out to be a kind of duck dance.
They can run on water, using their wings to help them do so.
Coots are migratory birds.
In the fall, they begin to fatten and are hunted.

In the meadows and swamps you can see lapwings ,
they arrive in Kuban in March and fly away in December.
Lapwings are not much larger than pigeons, they weigh about 200 grams.
The upper part of their body is dark, the bottom is white, the head is black with a green tint, and on the head there is a crest that bends towards the top.

Birds also live on lakes and ponds avocet .
This is a very beautiful bird, black and white in color, with long legs that have a bluish tint.
It feeds on small invertebrates, which it obtains with the help of its long beak.

In forests and ravines you can find eagle owl .
This is an interesting large bird, with large round eyes and a red coloration.
The eagle owl weighs 3 kilograms, its body is up to 70 centimeters long,
but the wingspan of this bird is about two meters.
Eagle owls feed on rodents, fly silently and have very sharp eyesight.

Features of the eagle owl

The eagle owl is characterized by deep and measured flapping of its wide wings.
As a rule, the eagle owl flies leisurely over the ground, looking for prey, alternating flapping flight with short gliding.
Eagle owls that live in mountains and gorges can use rising air currents and soar for a long time, describing circles in the heights, but such flight is not typical for them. If necessary, an eagle owl can fly at a speed sufficient to easily catch up with a crow.
It also has the ability to reach full speed almost instantly, from the first swing.
When sitting down to rest on a tree or ground, he holds his body upright.

In our area there is also long-eared owl.
This is not big bird weighing up to 300 grams.
The long-eared owl feeds on rodents.
She hunts endlessly, even when she does not need food.
Having had enough, she puts the spoils in different places and never uses them again. Interesting, isn't it? Probably cares about others...

In cities, black and white people live on the rooftops yellow-bellied swifts .
These are small birds weighing only 50 grams.
They build their nests on the roofs of buildings, as well as in rock crevices.
Swifts feed only on insects

Common in forests, city parks, groves and alleys spotted woodpecker .
On his head he has a peculiar black cap with a red spot on the back of his head, white cheeks, and black stripes under his eyes. The woodpecker's belly is white with a pink tint.
This bird builds nests exclusively in tree hollows, most often in old aspen trees.
It feeds on insect larvae, which it hollows out with its own beak, and it takes them out with its sticky tongue.
The knocking sound of a woodpecker can be heard throughout the entire area.

Another fairly common bird in the Krasnodar region is the killer whale, or simply martin.
It is slightly larger in size than a sparrow, its back is black, and its belly is white.
Swallows winter in Asia or Africa.
They feed on insects and make their nests exclusively from clay.
They are usually seen sitting on electrical wires.

Pelicans nest in remote places in colonies, on islands overgrown with reeds.
Nests are made from reed stems.
Like most large birds, there are few eggs in the nest, 2 - 3 white eggs.
Pelicans are protected by law; any hunting of them is prohibited.

Our help to pelicans

It is necessary to protect the nesting sites of pelicans and not disturb them during the most difficult time for them - when laying eggs, incubating and hatching chicks.
Ornithologists recommend setting up artificial rafts made of reeds for them before the birds arrive.