Scientific and technical basis. Strategic scientific and technical basis for the Russian defense industry: how it is done General work plan

S.BUNTMAN: Good evening. Today we have a reduced lineup of presenters, Alexander Kurennoy is on vacation, Anatoly Ermolin and Sergey Buntman are in the studio, and our guest is Yuri Mikhailov, Deputy Chairman of the Military-Industrial Complex under the Government of the Russian Federation. But this is not a new formation; there have been organizations in different formats before. Who were engaged specifically in military science. And what else?

Y. MIKHAILOV: Indeed, the Military Industrial Commission itself, which we celebrated 60 years in March, as well as the Scientific and Technical Council, a structure that provides the military-industrial complex with some expert potential and research assessments, they have existed for a long time - about 60 years. And always the scientific and technical council of the Military-Industrial Complex of the Commission - it was especially strong in the period 1955-1957, before the end of the USSR - it was a very strong body that carried out not only expert assessments, but also financing of the highest priority, breakthrough work and research in the system defense security of the state.

S.BUNTMAN: Is this mainly coordination of scientific centers and institutes?

Y. MIKHAILOV: Including. Today, the emphasis has shifted, first of all, to the area of ​​expert assessments, assessing the capabilities of one or another scientific and practical area in the interests of defense security, or a fundamental area. Also in assessing those activities that ensure the performance of the functions of the military-industrial complex, in particular, in the implementation of military-technical policy, policy in the field of development of the defense industry - that is, all the functionality that is the task of the military-industrial complex.

S.BUNTMAN: You are talking about expert assessments - who are the experts, how are they selected?

Y. MIKHAILOV: This is a very interesting question. Perhaps I’ll tell you about the structure of the military-industrial complex and it will immediately become clear how the examination is carried out. Our scientific and technical council was approved together with the military-industrial complex of a new model, in 2006, a presidential decree, then a government decree, and the scientific and technical council began to exist in its current format.

The Council included approximately 50 of the most powerful specialists in the military-industrial complex in the field of development of science, technology, technology, representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and general designers. Of these, approximately 15 were members of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Several sections were created on the main tasks of military-technical policy. In 2010, we somewhat expanded the format of those decisions and tasks, and now we have 70 people, of which 24 are members of the RAS, among them two vice-presidents of the RAS, Academician Aldushin and Academician Oseev, Chairman of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center. The composition includes truly outstanding scientists of our country, among them it is necessary to note Academician Fortov, who is today running for the post of President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and other outstanding scientists.

We have the opportunity to learn from the experience of our veterans - these are the Heroes of Socialist Labor, academicians Fedosov, and, unfortunately, Shapunov, who recently passed away. We have Academician Sokovich, hero of Socialist Labor, Siberian Branch, Biysk. And there is also Hero of Socialist Labor Spassky in the lineup. For a very long time he headed the Rubin Central Design Bureau - this is our entire nuclear submarine fleet.

Now we have quite a lot of Heroes of Russia in our composition - in particular, Academician Mikheev, these are helicopters, the Hero of Russia Makarov, these are multiple launch rocket systems, there are also other academicians and Heroes. , 19 general designers in the main areas. Now the council has 12 areas - these are systemic issues, strategic, maritime tasks, air, Aerospace Defense section, and in almost all areas, including non-traditional types of weapons

A.ERMOLIN: Can we say that this is a kind of analogue of technological platforms, such a technical task in the broad sense of the word, which is formulated by the state represented by you and the Ministry of Defense? - these directions?

Y. MIKHAILOV: I would not compare this with technology platforms. To be honest, it seems to me that the tasks that were assigned, or rather, the expectations that were assigned to the platforms, unfortunately, they were not realized. Maybe something will change in the future, but not yet. Our directions are absolutely pragmatic. We concentrate under them leading experts in these areas of knowledge. In addition to these sections, we also have working groups, there are significantly more of them than sections, they work under sections, and they are already spreading their tentacles to significantly larger teams of scientists and these groups are led by members of the Scientific and Technical Council, and their composition includes attracted specialists.

And on these platforms - I also use this word - real brainstorming takes place. There are specialists working there who discuss specific works, proposals, projects, and this is very interesting. This is actually our find, and it justified itself. In fact, the proposals and solutions that we find in these working groups are then submitted to sections, then to meetings of the scientific and technical council.

A.ERMOLIN: Agenda? To brainstorm, there must be an agenda. For what?

Y. MIKHAILOV: Let me first tell you about the structure. We want to know how scientific opinion is formed and expert assessment is carried out. This means that in addition to this mechanism, we have so-called extended sections. And for these 12 sections we are already attracting all specialized organizations, the most interesting ones from the Ministry of Defense and the defense industry - mainly institutes and design bureaus. And then it turns out that the sections that are approved by the Military-Industrial Commission, and the composition is approved by order of the government - those people who are already, as it were, burdened with membership in the Council, they unite together with their entire scientific and technical fraternity, and in these expanded sections they also work out in the most detailed way those the documents I spoke about.

Let’s say a program for the development of the defense industry is being formulated. We distribute program materials in relevant areas - space, strategic weapons, and in these extended sections there is a specific discussion of these materials. They give us conclusions that are very unflattering in relation to those federal executive bodies that developed certain proposals - this is in terms of program documents. We legitimize these things by decision of the Council of the Military-Industrial Commission, and then send them to the Military-Industrial Commission. And everything that needs to be done is already being done - “at-ta” to these feds. And an adjustment is made in the right direction.

I must say that in almost all programs we succeed in coordinating with the executive authorities, and I must say that we have very good relations with the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Roscosmos, Rosatom - we are bringing all these programs to the common benefit, common interests from the point of view of solving government problems at a higher scientific and technical level.

A.ERMOLIN: That is, your product is a scientific and technical conclusion?

Y. MIKHAILOV: Actually, yes. And suggestions.

S.BUNTMAN: How can an interesting idea, which at first glance is crazy, go through? So groups can monitor what's going on? If a group of scientists puts forward proposals, what is the technology of passage?

Y. MIKHAILOV: The technology is this: if someone comes up with an initiative, that is, has developed an interesting proposal, for example, the most unrealistic idea - the creation of anti-gravity devices - we have such proposals. In addition to planning documents, we have to look at requests from citizens, developers - maybe someone has retired, is not working - there are all sorts of proposals. Of course, not from organizations; they mostly come from former scientists, people who are concerned about the fate of the country’s weapons and are trying to offer something.

By the way, these proposals come in my name, in the name of Rogozin - all proposals go through us. And they do not go unnoticed. If this is not something that we have assessed that it is interesting, after consulting, determining the scope of the proposal, or I call a meeting at the beginning with key specialists in the field. Of course, we invite the developer and see how interesting it is. He proves to us, that is, there is a concrete dispute, discussion. And then we take it further.

If there is interest, then it turns out that we give recommendations to the federal executive authorities, the developers of federal programs - on the organization of relevant studies, the inclusion of activities in one or another federal target program. And often, in agreement with the feds, this turns out to be interesting, and it is included in the program. There are many such examples.

S.BUNTMAN: what fuses exist? You named many big names of academicians, but everyone has their own passions for certain technologies, things, love for one direction or another. This requires a balancing act.

Y. MIKHAILOV: Correct. This still exists, you are absolutely right. This is connected with a person’s interest, his life baggage, passions, maybe his youth, his views in one direction or another. And here our will already appears. We try to organize the work in such a way that the interaction is complementary, so that scientists complement each other and there is no denial of an untested idea. Naturally, with appropriate scientific and technical justification.

There are many examples - of course, they go beyond the discussion, since most, 99% of our discussions are confidential or closed. But the examples are vivid from the most painful points in the development of the weapons system. And you know, the battles are such that he won’t even say “hello.” But then, of course, everything returns to normal.

A.ERMOLIN: The classic story, when they brought a microchip and didn’t know what to do - when everything was on tubes and transistors, the inventor was sent to hell.

Y. MIKHAILOV: I must say that, of course, the solution to this problem that you touched on is, of course, still far from ideal. We try to make sure we don't throw the baby out with the bathwater, but we don't skip the big things. I think that for small ones too. At least, when we look at all federal target programs, we have a lot of constructive additions and, of course, we try to make sure that the most interesting developments are not forgotten.

A.ERMOLIN: Is the problem of commercialization relevant for you?

Y. MIKHAILOV: Of course. In general, I believe that one of the systemic key works, publications that were published in the Rossiyskaya Gazeta during the pre-election period was Putin’s platform, apparently called “Be Strong,” guarantees of national security for Russia. And in this article, I believe that this is a key article, which sets out the entire ideology and, in fact, further presidential decrees that were made in May, the so-called “May decrees” and subsequent actions for the development of the defense industry, the armed forces, education, science and technology - practically , if you read every line of this article, it is implemented in these decrees.

And I must say that in this article the question was raised that the defense industry should not be isolated on itself and that the very large funds that the state invests in the development of the army, the defense industry, in the form of federal targeted programs - these funds should give impetus to the development of the civil science. That is, the issues of technology transfer – in this formulation it all goes – they are certainly relevant.

S. BUNTMAN: We will talk about this again - about the level of our scientific thought, after the break.

S.BUNTMAN: We continue the program. So, new footage. Quite new structures have now been created that strive to work in a new way, for specific tasks. In the general scientific community, we are faced in many ways with the old system - the structure of the Russian Academy of Sciences itself, we are not in vain proud of it, but we need to do something about it.

Y. MIKHAILOV: Indeed, the question is extremely important and relevant. If we talk about personnel, and personnel really decide everything, the formulation is old, but correct. It must be said that if we talk about personnel, then of course, today the situation could have developed in such a way that with the abundance of funds that the state has allocated for solving military-technical problems, there is so much that there is already a fear that the personnel potential is not It will be enough to spend these funds wisely, I emphasize, constructively, purposefully, and justifiably.

After all, the task is not to recycle these weapons and get something unknown in the end, but to get the most promising, most advanced weapons systems, the most working, promising technologies, respectively, safe ones, those that will work for more than one year.

That is, we are actually talking about creating a new technological structure, both for the defense industry and for the country as a whole. And of course, the solution to one or another innovative problem, whether in the civilian sphere or the military-industrial sphere, is, of course, the innovative potential that society has. Because first of all, we are talking, of course, about innovation in the technical field.

We analyzed the structure of scientific and technical potential and came to the conclusion that it represents a certain combination of material, technical, personnel, financial, information and organizational resources. These five components, in fact, determine the ability of society to solve the problems of modernization.

If we are talking about personnel potential, we need personnel to organize this science, to correctly and competently build the entire system of prognostic assessments for the development of scientific and technical areas, to build a system for assessing the results obtained, so that funds will be correctly distributed in terms of their dynamics of receipt, - so that there is no leapfrog and chaos.

This problem, I believe, at the moment, for us, our state, is no less important than the actual creation of hardware. We often have specialists in our federal executive bodies who don’t know what they do. And this is a problem.

A.ERMOLIN: On the issue of leapfrog and chaos. We had, as it seemed to me, very talented managers and inventors of one of the new industries - “Weapon systems, the guys are working on sniper weapons, and they gave out amazing information that in their field, in the field of small arms, more than 600 technologies at the level of resins, impregnations - all the same, this is know-how, unique things. Question – are you creating your internal knowledge management systems so that knowledge and skills are not lost? In fact, such a system should be in every design bureau, taking into account world experience. Do you have something similar?

Y. MIKHAILOV: For me personally, as a scientist, it exists - in my laboratories, at the institute where I am the scientific director. And moreover, I welcome this in design bureaus and institutes - in fact, if we speak seriously, in Soviet times, and even now, it is people of the passionate type who actually decide on the development of directions. Well, for example, Korolev, Shepunov, Makarovets and many of our other specialists\. I'm not even talking about our pilots and aircraft designers. These are passionate people who carried with them not only a spark of knowledge, but also a certain fuse, enthusiasm for support and development of their direction.

Of course, this is a problem that needs to be addressed. We encourage our designers and enterprise managers to do this. This task, at the very least, can be solved. You touched on a slightly different topic - the loss of technology.

A.ERMOLIN: This is as part of knowledge management.

Y. MIKHAILOV: Yes, and part of the system that works to create modernization potential is the material and technical basis for creating this knowledge base, these technologies. So here is the material and technical aspect: these are, of course, materials and technologies. Now the big task is not only to return lost technologies - by the way, this is being successfully done in relation to the materials of one of the programs on strategic and replacement materials. Which is headed scientifically by Academician Abov, director of AVIAN. All directions are very clearly visible there, and we received a lot of benefit from the program that is ending, and now there will be a new program of this kind.

But we also need to create the most interesting design and prototyping technologies. This began in the defense industry development program, since promising, breakthrough, basic, industrially critical technologies are laid out there. But new technologies are already on the agenda. And these are really design technologies - 3D, 4D - these are the tasks that our society faces and we have to master it. Now I’m starting to promote this issue within myself, people and specialists are being attracted. /This is the most powerful modeling, including super-computer technology, where without conducting additional preliminary experiments, you can already come up with some operational solutions in order to quickly check them.

These technologies are a breakthrough. This will be a breakthrough into the future. And here we need, of course, to catch up, definitely. If we set a task, we’ll catch up. Because there are many such technologies, if we are talking about hypersonic technology, these are new types of weapons, directed weapons - everything that is considered as unconventional weapons, something that will be used to fight in the future. This is the development of high-precision weapons and new control systems.

If we raise a simple topic - all the precision weapons of the United States, which is the most advanced state in the possession of precision weapons, in particular, all the operations that we know about - Yugoslavia, Iraq, Afghanistan - all these combat operations were carried out, first of all, with the help. High-precision sea-based weapons were Tomahawk missiles, which hit certain targets, flying through the window, as they say. And these approaches will certainly be improved.

You know that the US President recently made a proposal to reduce nuclear potential; they are actually exploiting their superiority in the field of precision weapons. That is, in this way, in fact, an attempt is being made to reduce the nuclear potential, reducing the nuclear potential is, in principle, correct - in the Russian Federation - if we proceed from general humanitarian goals. In the future, perhaps this will be possible when the Russian Federation has the necessary amount of high-precision weapons. But now, of course, this is an area of ​​political discussions, not scientific and technical ones. It seems to me that this issue needs to be weighed again.

But I’ll continue about high-precision weapons - this is a very interesting thing, because it is promising. All high-precision weapons are aimed through the American GPS - you know, and not the one we use when we are driving in a car, where plus or minus 30 meters - this is not the same.

GPS for military purposes is one meter - they have such criteria. But you need to understand that during a period of hostilities, especially against a country that more or less - I’m not even talking about Russia or China, which have satellite technologies for destruction, but even at the very least Iran has such technologies. And then these weapons, during the period of hostilities - if, of course, they manage to use weapons to destroy and disable the GPS systems - they begin to not work. That is, they are vulnerable, these assets are located in space, they are quite vulnerable.

And the United States is now setting the task of creating an inertial guidance system, that is, it will not be connected to satellites. In fact, like our first intercontinental missiles and today’s, they are guided inertially, that is, a gyroscope spins there, it keeps the missile along a certain ballistic trajectory, and it gets where it needs to go, only with a radius of 150 meters, at best.

A.ERMOLIN: Original “Combat information control systems”.

Y. MIKHAILOV: Yes. And taking into account the fact that the power of a nuclear explosion is colossal, this does not really matter. And before that, it should already hit the stake, in terms of rocket scientists. And of course, non-nuclear weapons, missiles equipped with non-nuclear warheads, they must land exactly on target. So, in order not to depend on this matter, the United States has now set the task of reaching a new level of control of guidance systems. In fact, we are talking, I believe, about a revolution, about the creation of a micromechanical, actually magnetic-nuclear, based on the resonance of nuclei in a magnetic field. These are the tasks set - they are published on the Internet.

The task is posed in such a way - that this entire device is arranged in a volume of 20 cubic centimeters. Accordingly, the activation time is 10 seconds. Before starting the gyroscope, you need to spin it in order to then maintain the desired trajectory. That is, actuation is much longer, and here it is 10 seconds.

S.BUNTMAN: Is this a task or a reality?

Y. MIKHAILOV: This is a task, this is a competition, they set such a task. But the campaigns, the groundwork, they have for this.

S.BUNTMAN: The problem of formulating tasks.

A.ERMOLIN: DARP generally poses fantastic tasks - so that a fighter can fly, storm a 5-story building without devices - this is the essence of DARP - it formulates seemingly such insane tasks.

S.BUNTMAN: Can we go this route? Or should we solve mundane problems?

Y. MIKHAILOV: I think, and my leadership thinks so, Rogozin, and he sets such a task for us and for everyone - even further, the president set these tasks for us in the same program article, and, accordingly, with his subsequent decrees. Since we have already slept through several innovation cycles, we do not need to catch up, we need to move forward. As Rogozin says, we must cut corners, and in this regard, the Advanced Research Fund, which we created at the end of last year, sets itself the following task: to look for breakthrough developments that will provide a leap into the future.

S.BUNTMAN: That is, we do not have to go through all the stages.

Y. MIKHAILOV: They shouldn’t. We must move forward.

A.ERMOLIN: But there is little technology.

Y. MIKHAILOV: There are not enough personnel.

A.ERMOLIN: In order to create innovations, especially in your closed area - for example, what is a closed patent, how long does it take to declassify it? But the first and main question is what model will you use to build your innovation ecosystem. For the last 5 years we have tried to take Silicon Valley as a basis and create creative clusters, but it didn’t work. There was a Soviet model of clusters. There are similar things - American scientists, European ones - they have a lot of slack, they have a lot of money, they can attract serious investments as part of their research. We had the same powers in the 50s - 28-year-old captains and physicists worked there - Halperin writes about this - they had unique capabilities. So which ecosystem is more Soviet, or a la Silicon Valley?

Y. MIKHAILOV: I think that there will be a reasonable existence of both. We have already talked about the fund - the fund operates on the principle of grants. This means that the scientific and technical council of the foundation, having seen this or that promising development, like a predator, as Rogozin says, snatches it from the general host of developments, looks at it up and down, and accordingly, if it is worth it, it picks it up and starts be implemented at enterprises and introduced into the troops.

And the fund, having sufficient funding - and it will constantly increase - can, in a free flight, as they say, in a creative way - of course, under the control of the supervisory board, which includes the leaders of the Military-Industrial Commission - these developments will be financed not arbitrarily, but freely option. These are not software things.

And we have federal targeted development programs, we have a fundamental research program that is being prepared, which is also important - there will also be relatively free approaches to research, they will already be ordered according to the standard scheme for ordering work. It's about financing.

And about the personnel who are involved in this - of course, the personnel problem exists and will always exist, because talents always appear only against the background, on a platform on which something is already growing quite strongly, when there is a community of intellectuals who can give birth to his environment - this naturally happens - genius. Because if you don’t work hard, especially now, at a high scientific and technical level, or at the level of fundamental science, you won’t be able to come up with a brilliant solution. Cherepanov will not succeed now.

S.BUNTMAN: And you won’t even come from Kholmogory. Therefore, let's talk about the scientific context - what is needed in the scientific system, the academic one - what reforms does it need?

Y. MIKHAILOV: Let's talk about this, especially since the fate of the RAS is not indifferent to me, since I myself am a member of the RAS, and my colleagues in the academic department, in the applied science department, are members of the RAS and are also very concerned about this.

Of course, there are heated debates going on now - not in terms of military science, but of course, they are completely relevant here, from the point of view of whether fundamental science is managed correctly in our country, how research is carried out, where we are moving - “where we are coming.”

And two extreme points of view, which are often opposed. I think that it may not even be entirely correct to contrast them. The oppositionists, on the one hand, say that, as before in Soviet times, we must carry out all fundamental research on a broad front, and the other does not concern us at all. We look at fundamental science, patterns, phenomena, and everything connected with it. And others say: stop doing research that is of no use. We are in the midst of a scientific and technological revolution; we need a breakthrough to a new technological structure, so we need to think about oriented fundamental research, that is, those that have applied research as the next step.

The truth, as always, is in the middle. The first position - I would say that this is, in a good sense, ardent supporters of the former RAS, and the second position that I spoke about - this is the view professed by the Ministry of Education and Science. I'm sure the truth is in the middle. Of course, what the RAS needs is not just to restructure, but simply to place emphasis in its activities and not try to show that the RAS is engaged only in fundamental research.

Always, both in Soviet times and later, the Russian Academy of Sciences had a lot of applied developments that were well used in the national economy.

S. BUNTMAN: I don’t think that the Ministry of Education is trying to reduce everything to the general theory of a bolt and a nut.

Y. MIKHAILOV: No, that’s not true. I said that we are talking about oriented fundamental research. These are studies that are colored by the prospect of practical development.

A.ERMOLIN: Do you think it will be possible to create university science of the American or European type in our country, and will we not lose traditional industrial science, for which the RAS itself stands for?

Y. MIKHAILOV: Industry? I believe that all three forms of research organizations have the right to life - both the Russian Academy of Sciences, of course, as the leader of fundamental research, and university science - a wonderful science that now embodies a lot of wonderful scientists. By the way, many employees of the Russian Academy of Sciences work in universities, employees of defense enterprises and other industrial enterprises also work in universities. In essence, this is a unified system of people who do science. And they cannot be opposed under any circumstances.

S.BUNTMAN: We don’t face a choice?

Y. MIKHAILOV: Everything should be complementary, complement each other. Rogozin and I were at Moscow State University on Friday. It seems to be a purely academic university, excellent scientists who could engage in purely refined science. But oddly enough, we saw a lot of wonderful developments there that were oriented and of practical importance. And not just those that have, but those that are already used in many specific issues. Wonderful work. People are looking forward to interacting with the defense industry with great enthusiasm and interest. And what do you think - as a result of this visit, a proposal was born to create a center for science, technology and education at Moscow State University - in the interests of the military-industrial complex, - in parentheses, - a military-industrial complex laboratory, - you see, the chain continues: laboratory. In fact, the guys asked - what will this center do, will it be able to help promote the developments of MSU scientists into practice? I answered: that’s what it’s created for. And his second task is, guys, look beyond the horizon, 30-50 years ahead, as the president sets the task for us. Look ahead and work on those tasks that we may not even be aware of right now - only you can see it.

S.BUNTMAN: Thank you very much. We end the show on a promising note.

The Government of the Russian Federation decides:

Appendix No. 1
to providing

part of the creation costs

priority production
electronic components and
radio-electronic equipment

Methodology
determining the rating of applications submitted by Russian organizations for a competition for the right to receive subsidies from the federal budget to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electronic equipment

1. This methodology determines the rating of applications submitted by Russian organizations for a competition for the right to receive subsidies from the federal budget to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and electronic equipment (hereinafter, respectively, organizations, competition, subsidy ), based on the criteria provided for by the Rules for the provision of subsidies from the federal budget to Russian organizations to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electronic equipment, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 17, 2016 No. 109 " On approval of the Rules for the provision of subsidies from the federal budget to Russian organizations to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electronic equipment."

The share of the rating awarded to the i-th application according to the criterion relating to the number of newly created and modernized high-tech jobs as part of the implementation of a comprehensive project, the significance of which is 10 percent;

The specific weight of the rating awarded to the i-th application according to the criterion relating to the ratio of the size of the subsidy and the amount of borrowed and (or) own funds planned to be attracted for the implementation of a complex project, the significance of which is 20 percent;

,

Proposal of the i-th participant in the competition on the volume of sales of import-substituting or innovative products that will be created during the implementation of a comprehensive project (million rubles);

Minimum volume of sales of import-substituting or innovative products that will be created during the implementation of a comprehensive project established in the competition documentation (million rubles);

The maximum volume of sales of import-substituting or innovative products that will be created during the implementation of a complex project declared by one of the competition participants (million rubles).

,

Proposal of the i-th participant in the competition for the number of high-tech jobs created and modernized (pieces);

The minimum number of created and modernized high-tech jobs established in the competition documentation (pieces);

The maximum number of high-tech jobs created and modernized, declared by one of the competition participants (pieces).

5. The rating awarded to the i-th application according to the criterion relating to the ratio of the size of the subsidy and the amount of borrowed and (or) own funds planned to be raised for the implementation of a complex project () is determined by the formula:

,

Proposal of the i-th participant in the competition on the ratio of the amount of the subsidy and the amount of borrowed and (or) own funds planned to be attracted for the implementation of a complex project;

The initial (maximum) size of the ratio of the size of the subsidy and the amount of borrowed and (or) own funds planned to be attracted for the implementation of a complex project, established in the competition documentation.

Proposal of the i-th participant in the competition for the number of patents and (or) production secrets (know-how) received (pieces);

The maximum number of received patents and (or) production secrets (know-how), declared by one of the competition participants (pieces).

,

Proposal of the i-th competition participant regarding the implementation period of the complex project (months);

The initial (maximum) period for the implementation of a complex project, established in the competition documentation (months).

Proposal of the i-th participant in the competition regarding experience in implementing a similar complex project (pieces);

The largest number of completed similar works declared by one of the competition participants (pieces).

Proposal of the i-th participant in the competition for the volume of product exports (thousand US dollars);

The largest volume of product exports declared by one of the competition participants (thousand US dollars).

Appendix No. 2
to providing
from the federal budget subsidies
Russian organizations for compensation
part of the creation costs
scientific and technical groundwork for
development of basic technologies
priority production
electronic components and
radio-electronic equipment

Calculation
the amount of penalties applied to Russian organizations that received subsidies from the federal budget to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electronic equipment

1. The amount of penalties (thousand rubles) (A) is determined by the formula:

,

The achieved value of the i-th indicator (indicator) of the effectiveness of the implementation of a complex project specified in the subsidy agreement, as of the expiration date of the implementation of the complex project;

The planned value of the i-th indicator (indicator) of the effectiveness of the implementation of a complex project specified in the subsidy agreement;

The share of the application rating determined in accordance with the Rules for the provision of subsidies from the federal budget to Russian organizations to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electronic equipment, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on February 17, 2016. No. 109 “On approval of the Rules for the provision of subsidies from the federal budget to Russian organizations to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electronic equipment”, according to the corresponding i-th indicator;

V - the amount of federal budget funds used by the organization as part of the implementation of a complex project at the end of the implementation period of such a project (thousand rubles).

2. The amount of penalties is proportional to the degree of non-achievement of indicators (indicators) of the effectiveness of the implementation of a complex project within the framework of the subprograms of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of the electronic and radio-electronic industry for 2013 - 2025", specified in the subsidy agreement.

Document overview

Russian organizations of the electronic and radio-electronic industry are provided with subsidies from the federal budget to reimburse part of the costs of creating a scientific and technical basis for the development of basic technologies for the production of priority electronic components and radio-electric equipment. We are talking about the costs of paying for work under R&D contracts in connection with the implementation of a complex project, for the production of prototypes, mock-ups and stands, the production of a pilot series of products and its testing, certification and (or) registration, etc.

The procedure for allocating funds has been established.

Subsidies are provided within the framework of subprograms of the Russian state program for the development of the electronic and radio-electronic industry for 2013-2025. Funds are allocated to organizations that have passed a competitive selection for complex projects whose implementation period does not exceed 5 years. In this case, the total cost of the project and the maximum annual subsidy amount for subprograms are as follows. For telecommunications equipment - up to 1.5 billion rubles. and no more than 300 million rubles, for computer equipment - up to 2.5 and no more than 400, for special technological equipment - up to 2 and no more than 300, for intelligent control systems - up to 1 billion rubles. and no more than 200 million rubles.

The competitive selection of projects is carried out in 2 stages. The first is a scientific and technical assessment of projects by an expert council created by the Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade. The second is the assessment of projects that have passed scientific and technical examination by the Ministry’s competition commission according to a number of criteria. The main ones are the volume of production and sales of import-substituting or innovative products, the number of newly created high-tech jobs, the number of patents and (or) production secrets (know-how), the implementation period of a complex project and the volume of exports of created products.

The team's scientific background for the project
The authors of the project have accumulated experience in conducting this type of research. The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Khakassia supported a grant for the organization of applied scientific research: sociological research on the study of professional intentions, work motivation of students in secondary schools, students, graduates of primary, secondary and higher vocational education institutions located on the territory of the Republic of Khakassia" - minutes of the meeting of the competition council dated 02/17/2011.

The leader of this project, together with the performers, has developed group work programs that include innovative work methods. Since 2003 Constant advisory work (individual and family counseling) is carried out with representatives of this target audience.

All project participants have experience on this issue as part of their dissertation research. A.V. Mantikova studied the value-need sphere of the personality of delinquent youth - delinquents, students of vocational schools. Also, in 2011-2012. she took part in a study of markers of extremism among youth on a sample of 1000 people, and is preparing a publication on this issue.
^ List of major publications

team members closest to the proposed project
Scientific article: Grebeshkova O.Yu. Possibilities of predicting human behavior in political research using the semantic differential method, Youth: Life in politics and politics in life: Proceedings of the V International Scientific Conference, Publishing house: Famous Universities, St. Petersburg, 2004. pp. 60 – 64 – Russian.

Scientific article: Mantikova A.V. Based on the materials of the round table “Suicide among the youth of the Republic of Khakassia”, dedicated to the World Day against Suicide. Ethnicities of developing Russia: problems and prospects: Materials of the 4th scientific and practical conference with international participation, Abakan, 2011 - Russian.

Scientific article: Mantikova A.V. A study of youthful fears among girls who are students of KhSU and recommendations for leveling youthful fears and optimizing interaction with peers among girls. Ethnicities of developing Russia: problems and prospects: Materials of the third international scientific and practical conference / scientific. ed. T.A. Fotekova, “Dialogue Siberia-Abakan”, Abakan, 2008. P. 61 - 65 - Russian.

Abstracts of the report/speech Komarova N.M., Psychological aspects of people’s adaptation to the conditions of a market economy. Materials of the international scientific and practical conference. Abakan: Publishing house. KhSU named after Katanova, 2000 – Russian.

Scientific article: Komarova N.M. Formation of interests, inclinations and abilities for management professions among high school students in a comprehensive school. Applied psychology. PV-97. M: Ed. “Master”, 1997. pp. 72-79 – Russian.

Scientific article: Grebeshkova O.Yu. Contradictions in the personality structure and political activity of young people. Bulletin of Tomsk State University: Bulletin of operational scientific information. Social and psychological problems of preserving the health of the nation in developing Russia. 2006. P. 113, 128 - Russian.

Scientific article: Komarova N.M. Motives, value orientations and their role in professional self-determination. Bulletin of N.F. Katanov KhSU – Abakan, 1997. Series 2: Psychology. Pedagogy/Ed. S.V. Fateev. Issue 2, 1997 – Russian.

Scientific article: Mantikova A.V. Theoretical foundations for the formation of the value-need sphere of personality. Ethnicities of developing Russia: problems and prospects: Materials of the 4th scientific and practical conference with international participation, Abakan, 2011 - Russian.

Scientific article: Komarova N.M. On the issue of using professional potential in a market economy. Bulletin of the Khakass Technical Institute-branch of KSTU. 2003, No. 14., 2003- Russian.

Scientific article: Mantikova A.V. Motivation for studying at a university as a factor in personal development, Psychology of the 21st century. Current problems and development trends: Materials of the international scientific and practical conference of the conference December 17-18, 2007. Part II. / Penza branch of NOU “MNEPU”, “MGOU”, “PGPU” named after. V.G. Belinsky; resp. Ed. I.P. Shakhova, MNEPU Publishing House, Penza, 2007. pp. 108 - 109 - Russian.

Komarova N.M. Conditions for the formation of interests, inclinations and abilities among high school students for management professions. Materials of the Republican Scientific and Practical Conference / ed. N.A. Agafonova - Krasnoyarsk: Publishing House KSPU, 1997 - Russian.

Methodological development: Mantikova A.V. , Kolmakova N.V. , Psychological readiness “fully armed”: a young mother going to work. Methodology of work, techniques and diagnostic tools for employment service workers, "ROSA", Abakan, 2010. P. 63 – 68 - Russian.

Scientific article: Mantikova A.V. , Kolmakova N.V. University graduates as potential subjects of the labor market, “Science and society: the view of young researchers”: materials of the 5th scientific conference of schoolchildren and students with international participation, December 1-2, 2011, FSBEI HPE “Khakass State University named after. N.F. Katanova", Abakan, 2011. pp. 14 - 15 - Russian.

Scientific article: Grebeshkova O.Yu. Study of the political activity of youth in Khakassia. Real and virtual world of the new millennium: Abstracts of the IV international scientific conference. – St. Petersburg, 2002. P. 43-45 - Russian.

As a result of carrying out scientific research within the framework of the NUG project in 2012-2013. general theoretical foundations for codification and unification in private law were developed, which made it possible to solve the following problems:

establish scientific approaches to determining the object, methods and meaning of codification and unification of international private law; trace the history of the development of these processes in the field of private law; determine the features of international and national unification of international private law; analyze the relationship and mutual influence of modern codification and unification processes in international private law. As a result of the study, the following statements were convincingly proven:

1. In the process of codification of international private law in the 21st century, the following special types of codification can be distinguished:

• “step-by-step” codification is a type of codification during which a single law-making process, i.e. the formulation of isolated rules of international private law and the partial codification of its individual institutions culminate in the adoption of a new consolidated act of a systemic nature (Romania);
• consolidating codification is a type of codification carried out by combining a number of normative legal acts devoted to individual institutions and issues of international private law into the form of a single agreed act with the introduction of certain innovations into the source legal material (as a rule, this is the second stage of “step-by-step” codification) (Poland, Czech Republic);
• blanket codification is a type of codification that is based on the priority of an international unified act regulating certain cross-border private law relations by direct reference to it. A specific technique of blanket codification is the preservation of an article (section) of the law reserved for a future norm - a reference to a specific international treaty in the event of its ratification (Netherlands).

Due to the fact that in the 21st century, significant experience in law-making practice in international private law has already been accumulated and unified, consolidating and blanket codification should be considered the most effective, which explains the growing popularity of the latter in our time.

2. An inherent feature of the modern process of codification of international private law is the use (as the main method from the point of view of legislative technology) of international unified acts. In the 21st century, the national act of codification of international private law is a systematic presentation of domestic and international unified norms implemented in national law.

3. In the 21st century, national codifications may provide for the application of an international treaty that has not yet entered into force (for example, due to the lack of the required number of ratifications), provided that this treaty has already been ratified by the relevant state (Article 145 (2) Book 10 of the Civil Code of the Netherlands) . Thus, one of the possible functions of blanket codification of international private law is to ensure a proactive unifying effect of an international legal act in the domestic legal order. As a result of the use of reference, unified norms acquire legal force in the system of national law earlier than in the system of international law.

4. Currently, the principle of complexity is one of the specific principles of codification of international private law. This principle means that the codification process must coordinate all issues of legal regulation of certain social relations. To the greatest extent, this requirement is met by an autonomous comprehensive codification aimed at resolving conflicts of laws and jurisdictions in the widest possible sphere of cross-border private law relations. The effectiveness of the principle of comprehensiveness directly depends on the consistency of international legal and national legal approaches to the use of the conceptual apparatus and specific mechanisms of legal regulation in international private law (autonomy of the will of the parties, the principle of the closest connection, protective clauses and return).

5. Along with the progressive development of domestic legislation, one of the main patterns of modern social development is the deepening internationalization of law, which means the convergence of legal systems, the deepening of their interaction and mutual influence. The internationalization of law is manifested, first of all, in the process of unification of legal norms. Unification of law is the creation of identical, uniform norms in the internal law of different states, the only way to create which is cooperation between states. Consequently, the unification of law means cooperation between states aimed at creating unified legal norms in the domestic law of a certain circle of states. The most striking example of the international unification of private law in the regional aspect is European private law, the most important component of which is conflict of laws.

List of the main publications related to the chosen area of ​​research by the head and executors of the NUG for the last three calendar years before the date of announcement of the competition for 2012, 2013 and 2014

1. Erpyleva N.Yu., Getman-Pavlova I.V. Codification of private international law in the Republic of Georgia // International law and international organizations. 2012. No. 2. P. 44-75.

2. Erpyleva N.Yu., Getman-Pavlova I.V. Codification of international civil process in the Republic of Georgia // State and Law. 2012. No. 10. P. 54-65.

3. Getman-Pavlova I.V. Application of foreign public law norms in private international law // International public and private law. 2013. No. 4. P. 8-12.

4. Kasatkina A.S. Modern codifications of private law in the countries of Southeast Asia (People's Republic of China and Japan) // Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics. 2012. No. 2. P. 144-164.

5. Kasatkina A.S. Unification of conflict of laws rules of the European Union in the field of inheritance: new approaches // Legal issues. 2013. No. 3. P. 385-406.

6. Proshko P.V. Codification of private international law in the Netherlands // Legislation and Economics. 2013. No. 5. P. 49-54.