What is beauty? Presentation on art "what is beauty" The ideal of beauty of the Renaissance
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What is beauty? Beauty is an aesthetic (non-utilitarian, non-practical) category that denotes perfection, a harmonious combination of aspects of an object, in which the latter evokes aesthetic pleasure in the observer. Beauty is the most important category of culture. In its aesthetic perception, the concept of beauty is close to the concept of beauty, with the difference that the latter is the highest (absolute) degree of beauty. At the same time, beauty is a more general and multifaceted concept, largely eclectic. The opposite of beauty is ugliness. Flowers are considered one of the brightest examples of natural beauty
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Beauty is... harmony Since antiquity, the concept of beauty has been one of the most important in the philosophy of perception of existence. Ancient Greek philosophers perceived beauty as an objective and ontological phenomenon in its essence, associated with the perfection of the Universe, with an understanding of the cosmos as world order, expediency, and decoration. Since the time of Socrates, beauty begins to be considered not only in an ontological sense, but also as a category of reason and consciousness. For Socrates himself, beauty was one of the most important categories of the universe. Aristotle's concept of beauty as the personification of goodness and perfection belonged to a purely moral, non-rational category. According to Plato, before birth a person resides in the sphere of beauty and pure thought. The perception of beauty and good (good) as the highest idea is the main motive of his philosophical work. The perception of beauty by ancient philosophers was generalized in the works of Plotinus, where, in particular, beauty received the function of elevating to the divine and beautiful.
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Beauty is... a thirst for life. Among the myths of Ancient Greece there is a myth about the sculpture Pygmalion, who hated women. One day he created such a beautiful statue of a girl from ivory that he fell in love with her as if she were alive. The gods took pity on the unfortunate man and revived the soulless bone, giving the artist a lifelong friend. Beauty conquered hatred.
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...And if this is so, then what is beauty, And why do people deify it? Is she a vessel in which there is emptiness, Or a fire flickering in the vessel? N. Zabolotsky
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Beauty is one of the most important categories of aesthetics, which, along with the category of beauty, reflects such aesthetic properties of objects and phenomena of reality as harmony, perfection, orderliness. Just like the term “beautiful,” the term beauty can be applied to the assessment of the external or internal appearance of a person, his actions, the content and form of a work of art, etc.
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Slide captions:
Beauty in art and in life. What is beauty? Each of us at least once in our lives has experienced admiration for the beauty of a winter forest, a blooming garden, the rising sun over the sea, enchanting folk tunes, paintings and sculptures. V. Van Gogh. Blooming tree
Why do we understand what is beautiful and what is not? You can say without hesitation: “I see that this is beautiful” or “I feel that all this is beautiful.” Then no one can answer for sure what beauty is. After all, the understanding of beauty extends to objects, phenomena, a person’s appearance and to his inner and moral essence.
When we say “beautiful person,” what do we mean? Correct facial features, slender figure? Or spiritual beauty, kindness, nobility? Or maybe both together? What is more important in life and art - form or content?
What is beauty? And why do people deify her? Is she a vessel in which there is emptiness, or a flickering fire in the vessel? N. Zabolotsky
At all times, people have sought to capture their attitude to life in various forms of art. All life impressions are refracted through the artist’s inner world and addressed to the experience of every viewer, reader, and listener.
The miracle of art is catharsis. Catharsis is overcoming ordinary feelings, enlightenment, purification, elevation of the human soul. “Art encourages you to search and find the main thing, to think, to worry again and again about the fate of the heroes, relating them to your own life.” psychologist L. Vygotsky
Aphrodite, Greek goddess of love
The spiritualized face of the Mother of God and the face of the mysteriously smiling Mona Lisa, they are all different, but each of them is a symbol of beauty at all times.
There is no image in world art equal in power to the image of the Vladimir Mother of God Compiled by Koptilkina Yu.S. Municipal educational institution "Gymnasium" Kirishi, 2015
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Summary of an art lesson in 8th grade "Beauty in art and in human life"
The lesson gives an idea of how the ideals of beauty changed in different eras among different peoples, and examines what is the measure of beauty. The lesson is accompanied by a multimedia presentation....
Plan - outline of an art lesson in 8th grade "Beauty in art and life"
In this lesson we are talking about how the ideals of beauty changed in different eras, among different peoples...
Presentation for the lesson
completed by a MHC and Fine Arts teacher
Vasilyeva N.A.
Nikolay Zabolotsky
Ugly girl
Among other children playing
She resembles a frog.
A thin shirt tucked into panties,
Rings of reddish curls
Scattered, long mouth, crooked teeth,
The facial features are sharp and ugly.
Two boys, her peers,
The fathers each bought a bicycle.
Today the boys, in no hurry for lunch,
They drive around the yard, forgetting about her,
She runs after them.
Someone else's joy is just like your own,
It torments her and breaks out of her heart,
And the girl rejoices and laughs,
Captivated by the happiness of existence.
No shadow of envy, no evil intent
This creature doesn't know yet.
Everything in the world is so immensely new to her,
Everything is so alive that for others is dead!
And I don’t want to think while watching,
What will be the day when she, sobbing,
She will see with horror that among her friends
She's just a poor ugly girl!
I want to believe that the heart is not a toy,
It is hardly possible to break it suddenly!
I want to believe that this flame is pure,
Which burns in its depths,
He will overcome all his pain alone
And will melt the heaviest stone!
And even if her features are not good
And there is nothing to seduce her imagination, -
Infant grace of the soul
It already shows through in any of her movements.
And if this is so, then what is beauty?
And why do people deify her?
She is a vessel in which there is emptiness,
Or a fire flickering in a vessel?
- Do you think ideas about beauty have changed throughout human cultural history?
- What was this connected with?
Nefertiti
(from ancient Egyptian - “Beautiful are the perfections of the solar disk”) - the “main wife” of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty Akhenaten, whose reign was marked by large-scale religious reform.
Legends say that Egypt has never before given birth to such a beauty. She was called "Perfect"; her face adorned temples throughout the country. Nefertiti played an extremely important role in the religious life of Egypt at that time, accompanying her husband during sacrifices, sacred rites and religious festivals. She was the living embodiment of the life-giving power of the sun, giving life.
Cleopatra VII Philopator - the last queen of the Hellenistic
Egypt from the Macedonian Ptolemaic (Lagid) dynasty.
There are no reliable images that accurately, without idealization, would convey her physical appearance. But some historians note a lack of feminine beauty in her. The profiles on the coins show a woman with wavy hair, large eyes, a prominent chin and a hooked nose. On the other hand, it is known that Cleopatra was distinguished by powerful charm and attractiveness, she used this well for seduction and, in addition, had a charming voice and a brilliant, sharp mind.
The ideal of a medieval woman was the Blessed Virgin Mary
MOTHER OF GOD OF VLADIMIR - icon painted at the beginning of the 12th century. in Constantinople, one of the most ancient shrines of the Russian land. Refers to the Byzantine type of Eleusa (Greek Eleusa - “Merciful”), or Tenderness (Merciful
In the Middle Ages, earthly beauty was considered sinful. The figure was hidden under a layer of heavy fabrics, and the hair was hidden under a cap. Now - an elongated oval face, huge eyes and a small mouth.
The Renaissance Ideal of Beauty
The Madonna's face is the embodiment of the ancient ideal of beauty combined with the spirituality of the Christian ideal.
During the Renaissance, the canons of beauty became a pale complexion, a beautiful mouth, white teeth, scarlet lips and long silky strands of blond hair. A slender “swan neck” and a high, clean forehead were elevated to the rank of standard. The ideal becomes calm, “healthy” beauty, which can be seen in the paintings of Titian or Rembrandt, where young beauties with curly hair and a charming blush on their faces are depicted.
Rafael Santi.
Sistine Madonna
Some consider her
a lofty ideal
femininity and charm,
others find her unpleasant.
At the beginning of the 18th century. The Rococo era begins. Now the woman should resemble a fragile porcelain figurine. The solemn pomp of Baroque is replaced by grace, lightness and playfulness.
At the same time, theatricality and unnaturalness do not go away - on the contrary, they reach their peak. Both men and women take on a doll-like appearance.
The Rococo beauty has narrow shoulders and a thin waist, a small bodice contrasting with a huge round skirt. On their heads they wear entire still lifes of flowers, feathers, boats with sails and even mills. Special black silk patches – “flies” – also came into fashion. Some believe that the appearance of the "flies" was caused by the smallpox epidemic, and at first they hid the scars caused by this terrible disease.
Marquise de Pompadour -
legendary official
favorite of the French king Louis XV.
She has long passed, and those eyes are no longer there And that smile is gone that silently expressed Suffering is the shadow of love, and thoughts are the shadow of sadness, But Borovikovsky saved her beauty So, part of her soul did not fly away from us. And this look and this beauty of the body will attract indifferent offspring to her,
Teaching him to love, suffer, forgive, dream.
Ya. Polonsky
Portrait of Maria Lopukhina
Symbols of beauty
are
monuments
architecture.
Church of the Ascension
in Kolomenskoye
- The ancient village of Kolomenskoye near Moscow, which became part of Moscow almost half a century ago, has been known since the beginning of the 14th century. For the first time it is mentioned in the spiritual letter of Ivan Kalita. Since ancient times, this village, located on a high bank above the floodplain of the Moscow River, served as the summer residence of Moscow princes and tsars, but Vasily III especially loved and developed it. Under him, a vast wooden palace was built here, and in 1532 - the famous Church of the Ascension, which marked the beginning of stone hipped-roof architecture in Rus'. The completion of the construction of the Church of the Ascension was marked by three days of celebrations and feasts, which were attended by Grand Duke Vasily III himself and the Metropolitan. Despite careful research, unfortunately, it has still not been possible to find the name of the brilliant architect who built the temple. There is no information about him in historical documents. The temple was built on the model of Russian tented wooden churches - “the top of the woodwork.” This suggests that it was built by a Russian master. On the other hand, many techniques, elements of construction and decoration indicate a strong influence of Italian Renaissance architecture. Perhaps the temple was built by an Italian master invited by Vasily III? Well, maybe someday the mystery of the Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye will be solved, and the world will know the name of the brilliant architect who built this amazing structure. In the meantime, the white stone temple silently keeps its secret.
Church of the Intercession on the Nerl
called a masterpiece of world architecture, the pinnacle of creativity of Vladimir masters
heyday of Vladimir-
Principality of Suzdal.
This is a small elegant building
stands on a small hill in a riverside meadow, there
where the Nerl River flows into the Klyazma.
The Cathedral in Reims became a masterpiece of mature Gothic for medieval masters. This city in the heart of Champagne has long served as the site of the coronation of French kings, and since 1179 this ceremony has been performed there constantly. The first king to be crowned in Reims was the Frankish leader Clovis. This happened in 481. Tradition tells that on the eve of the coronation a miracle happened: a dove sent from heaven brought in its beak a vial full of oil necessary to anoint the king as king. The cathedral was built around 817. The cathedral, which was rebuilt several times, died in a fire on the night of May 6, 1210. Construction of the new building began the following year, 1211, and continued until 1481. Funds for construction came from the clergy and private individuals
In the 13th century, the citizens of Cologne, one of the richest and most powerful cities of the Holy Roman (German) Empire, were faced with the task of building a new city cathedral. Cologne was experiencing its heyday at that time, and, according to the plans of the city fathers, the scale of the new cathedral should have eclipsed all other churches.
“Cologne Cathedral will not be completed!” - Goethe exclaimed bitterly in his poem “Germany”. But the poet was wrong: construction of the cathedral resumed and was completed on October 15, 1880,... six hundred and thirty-two years and two months after it began!
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Text content of presentation slides: Symmetry is beauty in perfection. Epigraph: “Beauty is closely related to symmetry” (Weil G.) State budgetary professional educational institution of the Republic of Crimea “Dzhankoy Vocational College” Kalinovsky branch Ibragimova Anife Rishatovna, mathematics teacher of the highest qualification category. 2017 RELEVANCE: “It is easy to find examples of beauty, but how difficult it is to explain why they are beautiful” (Plato) Objectives: Show the connection between symmetry and nature, consider what types of symmetry are found in the animal and plant world; Consider the subject connection from the point of view of symmetry, those. imagine the world as a single whole in which all elements are interconnected. Objectives: Consider symmetry from three sides: Mathematics - explore symmetry from a scientific mathematical point of view. Natural sciences - consider symmetry in the surrounding nature. .Social sciences – symmetry in human life. “A mathematician loves symmetry first of all” (Maxwell D.) What is symmetry? The history of symmetry. What categories of symmetry can be distinguished? What types can be distinguished? Types of symmetry. What is symmetry in our time (its meaning and application)? Conclusion. Plan: “Symmetry...is an idea with the help of which man has been trying for centuries to explain and create order, beauty and perfection” (G. Weil) Historical background Symmetry entered science in the 30s. Hessel’s discovery. Even the ancient Greeks believed that symmetry is harmony, proportionality. And among ancient peoples, such as the Sumerians and Egyptians, among primitive tribes, and among some in our time, symmetry is associated not only with beauty and harmony, but also primarily with magic. It’s not for nothing that people in the megalithic era built cromlichs in the shape of a circle, a “perfectly symmetrical” geometric figure, for ritual purposes. Introduction ...In planimetry we considered figures that are symmetrical with respect to a point and a line, and in stereometry we consider symmetry with respect to a point, a line and a plane. “...to be beautiful is to be symmetrical and proportionate” (Plato) Categories: SymmetryAsymmetryDisymmetryAntisymmetrySupersymmetry Types: Mathematical symmetry (can be found in everything that can be called an object) Physical symmetry (can be found in everything that cannot be called an object) Conclusion: Beauty will save the world ... Symmetry plays one of the main directions in human everyday life: in household items, in architecture, in nature. Knowing about the secrets of harmony, one of which is axial symmetry, you can make the world a better and more beautiful place. Do you know the famous phrase: “Beauty will save the world?” We all want to make our lives more harmonious and beautiful. Maybe we have found the secret to creating beauty? Conclusions: Looking at the world, one cannot help but be surprised. (K. Prutkov) Symmetry is harmony and beauty, also balance and stability. Symmetry, found in life, in art, and in technology, is one of the principles of the harmonious construction of the world. Symmetry is useful and expedient. In nature, the manifestation of symmetry is diverse. Insects, birds and animals have symmetry: the symmetry of shapes, colors of insects, birds gives them beauty. But symmetry is not only beauty. Symmetrical shape is necessary for a fish to swim, a bird to fly. So symmetry in nature exists for a reason: it is also useful, or otherwise expedient. In nature, what is beautiful is always expedient, and what is expedient is always beautiful. Material on “Symmetry relative to a plane” was provided by the site administration ()L.S. Sagatelova, V.N. Studenetskaya. Geometry: Beauty and Harmony. Volgograd: teacher, 2007."L. S. Atanasyan and others. Geometry: textbook for 7-9 grades of general education institutions. M.: Education, 2000. L. S. Atanasyan and others. Geometry: Textbook for 10- 11th grade, secondary school. M: Education, 2000. V. Gonchar “Snowflakes”. Educational and methodological newspaper “Mathematics”, No. 1, ed. House “First of September. E. Nesterenko”. us". Educational and methodological newspaper "Mathematics", No. 2, 2004. Publishing House "First of September". Prette, M.K. Capaldo, A. Creativity and expression - M.: Soviet Artist, 1985. Sarantsev, G. I. Collection of problems on geometric transformations. - M.., 1981. Smirnova, I. M. Lessons of stereometry in humanities classes // Mathematics at school, 1994 No. 1-6 Smolina N. I. Traditions of symmetry in architecture - M. .: Stroyizdat, 1990. Tarasov, L. V. This amazing symmetrical world. A manual for students. - M.: Education, 1982. Tyukhtin, V. S., Urmantsev, Yu. A. System. 1988. Sharygin, I. F. Visual geometry. - M.: Pedagogy, 1992. Weil, G. Symmetry. Per. from English – M.: Nauka, 1968. Voloshinov, A. V. Mathematics and art. – M.: Enlightenment, 1992 Gardner, M. This right, left world. Per. from English – M.: Mir, 1969. Jaffee, G., Orchin, M. Symmetry in chemistry. – M., 1969 Levitan, K. Geometric Rhapsody. – M., 1976. Pidou, D. Geometry and art. – M.: 1979Shubnikov, A.V., Koptsik, V.A. Symmetry in science and art. – M., 1972. Wigner E., Studies on symmetry, trans. from English, M., 1971. Literature: “For the human mind, symmetry apparently has a very special attractive force” (Feynman R. )
Attached files
Art. 8th grade.
Lesson topic:
What is beauty!
What is beauty
And why do people deify her?
She is a vessel in which there is emptiness,
Or a fire flickering in a vessel?
N. Zabolotsky
The beauty of the world around us
will become a powerful source
faith in kindness.
V. Sukhomlinsky
Beauty in art and in life.
Target:
1. Educational: to give an idea of how the ideals of beauty changed in different eras among different peoples; consider what is the measure of beauty; expand students' vocabulary.
2.Developmental: contribute to the formation of general cultural and linguistic competencies of students; develop associative thinking.
3. Educational: to promote the development of aesthetic taste, the formation of high moral and emotional qualities of students;formation of ideas, views, beliefs, personality traits, assessments, self-esteem
Progress of the lesson.
- Huge moment.
- Section topic message.
Over the course of a number of lessons, you looked at how Art opens up new facets of the world, helps to communicate, learn about the world around us, our history.
Topic of the new section III quarters – Beauty in art and life.
Ø What aspects can we consider while studying this section?
Beauty in different types of art, beauty in ordinary human life, the relationship of beauty in art and life.
3. Updating knowledge.
· How do you understand the meaning of the word “beauty”?
Beauty - aesthetic category denoting perfection, harmonious combination of object , in which the observer experiences aesthetic pleasure.
Beauty is one of the most important categoriesculture.
The opposite of beauty isdisgrace.
· What associations do you have when you hear the word beauty? (selection of synonyms)
Beauty, grace, elegance, harmony. miracle, splendor, beauty, magnificence, picturesqueness, elegance, picturesqueness, comeliness, elegance, charm, prettiness, artistry.
· In what cases do we use these words in our everyday life? What phenomena and objects of the world around us are they related to?
When we talk about nature, about works of art, about people...
4. Formulation of lesson goals.
Ø So, the topic of the lesson is clear to you. "What is beauty"
Ø Let's formulate the goals of the lesson. Let's look at the presentation slides.
Ø By what principle are the image data combined?
Ø Which image matches your idea of beauty? Should your opinion really be the measure of beauty?
Ø Goals: find out what is the measure of beauty, how the idea of beauty changed in different eras, whether this idea is the same among different peoples.
5. Consideration of new material.
I bring to your attention a short excursion into history. Think about the question: What is the measure of beauty at different times among different peoples?
Paleolithic figurine.
Nefertiti. Legends say that Egypt has never given birth to such a beauty before. She was called "Perfect"; her face adorned temples throughout the country. Nefertiti played an extremely important role in the religious life of Egypt at that time, accompanying her husband during sacrifices, sacred rites and religious festivals. She was the living embodiment of the life-giving power of the sun, giving life.
Cleopatra. The true appearance of Cleopatra is not easy to discern due to the romantic flair surrounding her and the numerous films; but there is no doubt that she had a sufficiently courageous and strong character to bother the Romans. There are no reliable images that accurately, without idealization, would convey her physical appearance. But some historians note a lack of feminine beauty in her. The profiles on the coins show a woman with wavy hair, large eyes, a prominent chin and a hooked nose. On the other hand, it is known that Cleopatra was distinguished by powerful charm and attractiveness, she used this well for seduction and, in addition, had a charming voice and a brilliant, sharp mind.
In the Middle Ages earthly beauty was considered sinful. The figure was hidden under a layer of heavy fabrics, and the hair was hidden under a cap. Now the ideal of a medieval woman was the Blessed Virgin Mary - an elongated oval face, huge eyes and a small mouth.
The ideal of beauty of the Renaissance.During the Renaissance, the canons of beauty became a pale complexion, a beautiful mouth, white teeth, scarlet lips and long silky strands of blond hair. A slender “swan neck” and a high, clean forehead were elevated to the rank of standard. To follow this fashion, to lengthen the oval of the face, women shaved the front hair and plucked their eyebrows, and to make the neck appear longer, they shaved the back of their heads. The ideal becomes calm, “healthy” beauty, which can be seen in the paintings of Titian or Rembrandt, where young beauties with curly hair and a charming blush on their faces are depicted. Leonardo da Vinci depicted the standard of a medieval beauty - “La Gioconda”. The main mystery of the portrait is in the inexplicable facial expression, in the incomprehensible “elusive” smile. Some consider her a sublime ideal of femininity and charm, while others find her unpleasant.
During the Rococo era The main emphasis is on the hairstyle; this is a time of miracles in hairdressing. They tried to preserve this expensive pleasure for as long as possible: they didn’t comb their hair or wash their hair for weeks. Queen Isabella of Castile of Spain once admitted that she washed only twice in her entire life - at birth and on her wedding day.
Ø What is the measure of beauty in different eras among different peoples? Discuss with your neighbor. Draw a conclusion.
And external beauty
And intellectual level
And charm, grace
And objects
And motherhood
And piety
Ø What manifestation of beauty did we not mention at the beginning of the lesson?
Inner beauty is the beauty of the human soul.
Ø Why is internal beauty more important than external beauty?Read the article containing statements of great people - writers, poets... What is the standard of beauty?
Beauty will save the worldThe greatest psychologist, a subtle expert on the human soul, Dostoevsky was right. Beauty will save the world. In our life, not everything is perfect. This imperfection leads to wars and family strife, suicide and environmental disasters.
...Beauty will save the world... But what kind? No, of course, Dostoevsky did not have in mind the owners of beautiful faces from bright magazine covers. He meant the harmony of human relationships, the human soul.
The beauty of true love, sung by Shakespeare, Remember: “...my love, like the sea, is limitless. The more I give, the more remains."
The beauty of a man who sacrifices his life for the salvation and happiness of people. Bulgakov's Yeshua and Aitmatov's Avdiy are wonderful because they spare neither strength nor energy, they go to death in the name of God-Tomorrow - the future renewal of humanity.
And if we talk about beauty, then how can one not remember the swift gusts of Chekhov’s The Seagull and Gorky’s Falcon! Isn’t it true that there is nothing more attractive, more graceful and more defenseless at the same time?
Extraordinary personalities, heroes, daredevils are always beautiful. The best legends are about them.
And who, at least once in their life, has not stood in awe of Raphael’s Madonna? The beauty of motherhood, the willingness to go to any lengths for the sake of your child will not leave, and I think, hearts indifferent.
“Everything in a person should be beautiful: face, clothes, soul, and thoughts.” These, which have become textbook, lines of Chekhov apply not only to the people of his time. They are also addressed to us. We must be beautiful, and not only when we want to be considered so. Always. Then, perhaps, humanity will finally stop being afraid of wars, hunger, and environmental disasters. Because these are ugly phenomena, because everything in the Universe is interconnected, and, therefore, human beauty gives birth to the harmony of the Universe. And then, of course, beauty will save the world.
Ø Think about it, what kind of relationships between people can be called beautiful?
(honest, trusting, fair, understanding, agreement)
Ø What is the standard of beauty?
Motherhood
Willingness to perform heroic deeds for the sake of other people (altruism)
Love is sacrificial, giving
Soulful beauty.
Ø How do you understand the statement of F.M. Dostoevsky “Beauty will save the world”?
The beauty of the soul gives rise to harmony in relationships between people - and this will save humanity from wars, strife, and murders.
6. Summing up.
Ø Let's return to the question asked at the beginning of the lesson.
Ø What is beauty?(it’s different for each person)
Ø Is there a standard of beauty?They are the same for everyone. There is no exact standard
“Times change, and we change with them,” as one of the ancient sages said. Time passes, and tastes change along with it: today I like one thing, tomorrow I like something else. It is very difficult to find a standard that would be relevant at all times.
Just as there is no absolute truth, there is no absolute beauty.. We can only be surprised, looking at portraits of beauties of bygone times, and shrug our shoulders: what is “so” about them? But if there is no standard of external beauty, then there are those qualities that have been valued at all times among all peoples: kindness, mercy, love... These are contextual synonyms for the word “beauty”.
What is beauty
And why do people deify her?
She is a vessel in which there is emptiness,
Or a fire flickering in a vessel?
N. Zabolotsky
7. Reflection.
Ø Complete the sentences
The closest concept to the concept of “beautiful person” is...
I cannot call a beautiful person who...
The most important thing for a beautiful person...
8. Homework:
Essay on the topic: “What beauty is for me”
Beauty in literature:
L.N. Tolstoy and the novel “War and Peace”
In one of the chapters of the epic novel “War and Peace,” L. N. Tolstoy expressed the idea that all objects and phenomena of the surrounding life can be divided into two categories, depending on what predominates in them: form or content.
The writer did not like people and phenomena in which the main thing is form. He did not like high society with its once and for all established rules and norms of life, and he did not like the “generally recognized beauty” Helen Bezukhova. They were uninteresting to him, because in their luxurious shell there was no life, there was no movement.
In the writer’s favorite heroes, on the contrary, content always prevailed over form. Emphasizing the imperfection of Natasha Rostova and the external ugliness of Marya Bolkonskaya, Tolstoy admired them and made readers fall in love with his heroines and believe that they would definitely find their happiness.
To the question “What is beauty?” the writer has already given his answer. Today we have to talk about what true beauty is, what it is born from, and how it manifests itself.
Often in our lives we say the words “beauty”, “beautiful”, “beautiful”. Whether we are talking about an object, a work of art, or admiring the beauty of the nature around us, or characterizing a person, this multifaceted word applies equally to many phenomena. But what do we mean by this concept? Is the understanding of beauty the same among different people, different nations and generations?
I think most of us have asked this question at least once in our lives. This is the same as asking: “What is good and what is bad?” - the answer will be complex and ambiguous. Because there are clear ideas about good and evil, and at the same time there are controversial issues, different opinions. There are things that one person will say is “good” and another will say “bad”. The same applies to beauty.
In my opinion, wild flowers in the field are beautiful. And a clear stream flowing among the rocky mountains. And a snow-covered forest sparkling with millions of sparkles in the rays of the winter sun. And a small fluffy kitten, amusingly rubbing its surprised, sleepy eyes in the morning. And a little yellow duckling, among the tall grass, rushing after its mother duck to learn the first lessons of life. All this is the natural beauty of nature, in which everything is beautiful and harmonious.
Priceless works of art have the same harmony - paintings by outstanding artists, architectural monuments, great musical masterpieces. Their beauty is appreciated and confirmed by history, centuries, life. It is beauty - true, undeniable - that is the main criterion for the significance of such works.
After all, mediocre and “lifeless” pictures or songs will not live for centuries; in a year or two no one will remember about them. And those works into which the author puts his whole soul are truly beautiful and therefore immortal. They may or may not be understood, they may be argued about, interpreted and assessed differently, but it is impossible to treat them indifferently; they touch the deepest strings of human souls.
Of course, each person has his own understanding of beauty. One may like summer, another may like winter. Some people admire the portraits of Leonardo da Vinci, while others admire the landscapes of Shishkin.
There are connoisseurs of ancient art and the classical school, and there are adherents of modernism. People have different tastes, and it is not customary to argue about them. But one thing can be said for sure: those who do not themselves have inner beauty, in whom the understanding of beauty does not live, will not be able to appreciate it in any area of life, because art is designed to elevate a person, to reveal the best sides in him, to show his own spiritual beauty.
What is human beauty? What is true harmony that attracts everyone's attention and admiration? The wonderful Russian writer A.P. Chekhov wrote: “Everything in a person should be beautiful: his face, his clothes, his soul, his thoughts...”
Agree, it often happens like this: we see an outwardly beautiful person, but after taking a closer look, we think: “No, there is something repulsive, unpleasant in him,” and it is not always possible to understand what exactly. We just don't like this handsome man.
And everything is very simple: one cannot be beautiful in whose heart there is anger, cruelty, envy, meanness, greed or hypocrisy. All these low qualities will definitely leave their mark on even the most ideal and beautiful face. We cannot call beautiful a lazy person who spends whole days “doing nothing”, whose life is absolutely aimless and useless. In my opinion, an indifferent person cannot be truly beautiful. No thought is reflected on his face, there is no sparkle in his gaze, there is no emotion in his speeches. A person with a blank look and a trace of boredom on his face is unattractive.
And vice versa, even the most modest, inconspicuous person, who does not naturally have ideal beauty, but is endowed with spiritual beauty, is without a doubt beautiful. A kind, sympathetic heart, significant deeds, and useful deeds adorn and illuminate any face with inner light. Everything in a person should be perfect. This means that there must be harmony between body and soul, thoughts and actions, aspirations and lifestyle. This is the kind of person that others will call truly beautiful.
“Beauty will save the world!” I think true beauty is harmony. And if it exists always and in everything, then it will really not allow our complex and ambiguous, seething with passions, crazy and so beautiful world to perish!
What is beauty?
Everything in a person should be perfect:
And the face, and the clothes, and the soul, and thoughts. A.P. Chekhov.
The service of the muses does not tolerate fuss;
The beautiful must be majestic... A.S. Pushkin
Beauty, beautiful... And what is beauty? Humanity has always tried to answer this question. But is it possible for a person to understand this?
One of the greats said that art lies in finding the extraordinary in the ordinary.
And in the extraordinary there is the ordinary. This is what the ancient philosopher Diderot said.
